EP0335002A2 - Automatic transfer switch - Google Patents
Automatic transfer switch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0335002A2 EP0335002A2 EP88119608A EP88119608A EP0335002A2 EP 0335002 A2 EP0335002 A2 EP 0335002A2 EP 88119608 A EP88119608 A EP 88119608A EP 88119608 A EP88119608 A EP 88119608A EP 0335002 A2 EP0335002 A2 EP 0335002A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- switch
- spring mechanism
- shaft
- load
- lever
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
- H01H3/52—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts with means to ensure stopping at intermediate operative positions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H2201/00—Contacts
- H01H2201/01—Protective enclosure
- H01H2201/014—Conductive gas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
- H01H2300/018—Application transfer; between utility and emergency power supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
- H01H3/227—Interlocked hand- and power-operating mechanisms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
- H01H3/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electromagnet
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
- H01H3/30—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
- H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
- H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
- H01H51/06—Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in one direction due to energisation of an electromagnet and after the electromagnet is de-energised is returned by energy stored during the movement in the first direction, e.g. by using a spring, by using a permanent magnet, by gravity
- H01H51/08—Contacts alternately opened and closed by successive cycles of energisation and de-energisation of the electromagnet, e.g. by use of a ratchet
- H01H51/082—Contacts alternately opened and closed by successive cycles of energisation and de-energisation of the electromagnet, e.g. by use of a ratchet using rotating ratchet mechanism
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/0066—Auxiliary contact devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/20—Interlocking, locking, or latching mechanisms
- H01H9/28—Interlocking, locking, or latching mechanisms for locking switch parts by a key or equivalent removable member
- H01H9/281—Interlocking, locking, or latching mechanisms for locking switch parts by a key or equivalent removable member making use of a padlock
- H01H9/282—Interlocking, locking, or latching mechanisms for locking switch parts by a key or equivalent removable member making use of a padlock and a separate part mounted or mountable on the switch assembly and movable between an unlocking position and a locking position where it can be secured by the padlock
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a switch and more specifically, to transfer switches for connecting an electric load to either a normal power supply or an emergency power source.
- such automatic transfer switches had two positions, one in which the emergency power source, such as the standby generator, was connected to the building circuits and the other position in which the lines from the utility company were connected to the building circuits.
- the switch typically did not provide a position at which neither power supply was connected to the building circuits. Therefore, if an electrician had to perform maintenance work on the building circuits, an additional shutoff switch had to be provided to disconnect those circuits from the automatic transfer switch so that neither power supply could be connected to the circuit while maintenance was being performed.
- One aspect of the present invention is to provide a switch with a center-off position at which the load coupled to the switch is connected to neither source of electricity.
- the present invention therefore provides a switch including a means for alternatively connecting an electric load to one of two sources of electricity; an over-the-center spring mechanism operatively coupled to said connecting means, said spring mechanism having a first position at which the load is connected to one of the sources of electricity, a second position at which the load is connected to the other source, and an intermediate position between the first and second positions; means for driving the over-the-center spring mechanism from the first and second positions past the intermediate position, and means for halting the movement of the over-the-center spring mechanism during its movement between the first and second positions in a position at which the load is not connected to either source of electricity.
- Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a transfer switch which is activated by an over-the-center spring mechanism which insures that the contacts of the switch are held in the proper state, either open or closed.
- a further aspect of the present invention is to provide a transfer switch which can be driven either electrically via a solenoid or manually by an operator handle.
- Such alternative driving mechanism being provided such that either driving means may activate the switch without interfering with the other driving means.
- the present invention further provides a switch including means for alternately connecting an electric load to two sources of electricity, an over-the-center spring mechanism operatively coupled to said connecting means, said spring mechanism having a first position at which the load is connected to one of the sources and a second position at which the load is connected to the other source, and means for driving the over-the-center spring mechanism alternatively toward each of the first and second positions, including a solenoid and a manually operable handle assembly.
- an automatic transfer switch generally designated as 10, comprises an actuator assembly 11 and three switch modules 12.
- the actuator assembly 11 has a front cover 13 through which a manual operator handle 14 extends.
- the front cover 13 has an indicator window 15 through which can be seen a position indicator 16.
- the position indicator designates whether the automatic transfer switch is connecting the normal power supply or an emergency power supply to the electrical load circuits which connect to the switch 10.
- a center-off latch lever 17 extends through another aperture in the front cover 13 which is located just below the manual operator handle 14.
- a center-off lock lever 18 is seen partially extending from beneath the actuator assembly 11 behind the front cover 13 and, as will be described hereinafter, may be pushed upward to engage the center-off latch lever 18 preventing the latter lever's operation. In this upward position, a slotted aperture in the lock lever 18 is aligned with a similar aperture in the front cover 13 which enables a padlock to be placed through both apertures securing the position of the lock lever 18.
- a primary solenoid 20 mounted on the upper surface of the actuator assembly 11 is a primary solenoid 20 and a normally closed switch 22.
- the primary solenoid 20 is to be connected by terminals 21 in series with the switch 22 to a conventional control circuit (not shown) which energizes the solenoid to activate the automatic transfer switch. If the automatic transfer switch 10 is activated by the manual operator handle 14, the movement of the handle causes switch 22 to open thereby preventing the control circuit from simultaneously energizing the primary solenoid.
- a switch drive shaft 24 extends from the actuator assembly 11 through the three switch modules 12 and is coupled to activate the switch mechanism within each module.
- Each of the three switch modules 12 includes a single-pole double-throw switch which connects one of the phase lines for the three-phase electrical service within a building to either one of the three-phase lines from a normal electrical supply, such as that provided by a utility company, or one of the three-phase lines from a standby emergency generator for the building.
- a normal electrical supply such as that provided by a utility company
- FIG. 8 A movable contact arm 90 is attached to the switch drive shaft 24 to pivot with the rotation of the shaft.
- One phase line 91 for the building circuits is connected to the contact arm by terminal 92.
- the contact arm is shown in a first postion at which it is in electrical contact with a first fixed contact 93.
- the first fixed contact is electrically coupled to one of the phase lines 94 from a source of emergency power.
- the contact arm 90 pivots counterclockwise from the illustrated position, it will contact a second fixed contact 95 which is electrically coupled to a phase line from a normal source of electricity.
- the switch module 12 also includes a conventional arch chute 97 to suppress any electric arcs created as the sets of contacts separate. The details of each of the switch modules are described in our co-pending Application No. , filed on 24/11/88.
- the distal end of the switch drive shaft 24 extends from the rightmost switch module 12 and has a teeter bar 26 attached thereto.
- the teeter bar 26 has a cammed surface which alternately closes either of two position indicator switches 27 and 28.
- These indicator switches provide control signals to the transfer switch control circuit indicating the position of the transfer switch. A different one of these switches closes when the contact arm 90 is against the first or second fixed contacts 93 and 94 within the switch modules 12.
- a terminal block 29 is provided to make electrical connection between the control circuit and the various indicator switches 22, 27 and 28.
- a first drive shaft 40 has a square cross section and extends between the front cover 13 and a rear cover 19 of the actuator assembly 11.
- Mounted on the first drive shaft 40 in a spaced relationship are two ratchet wheels 41 and 42. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, each ratchet wheel 41 and 42 has four teeth 43 on its circumferential surface. The teeth 43 on the first ratchet wheel 41 are cut in the opposite direction to the teeth 43 on thesecond ratchet wheel 42.
- a square groove 44 having notches 45 at each corner is cut into the inward facing major circular surface 46 of each ratchet wheel 41 and 42.
- the primary solenoid 20 includes an electrical coil schematically designated as element 30, encircling a plunger 32 which moves within the coil 30 along its vertical longitudinal axis.
- a pawl mechanism 34 is attached to the remote end of the plunger 32.
- the pawl mechanism 34 includes a pin 36 extending from each side thereof into the square grooves 44 of the two ratchet wheels 41 and 42.
- the pawl pin 36 engages the notches 45 at the corners of the square grooves 44 causing each of the ratchet wheels 41 and 42 to rotate. This action produces a clockwise rotation of the first drive shaft 40 as viewed from the front of the transfer switch 10.
- the pawl pin 36 is spring loaded to follow the outer edge of the grooves 44 as the plunger 32 falls downward when the solenoid is deactivated. At the bottom of the plunger's stroke the pin 36 is located in the next notch 45 of groove 44.
- the manual operator handle 14 is connected to the end of a second drive shaft 50 which extends parallel to the first drive shaft 40.
- a manual activator lever 52 is attached to the second drive shaft and extends therefrom.
- the manual activator lever 52 has a semicircular ring shape so that when it is rotated in a clockwise direction by movement of the handle 14 and the second drive shaft 50, it will extend around the first drive shaft 40 contacting the underside of the pawl mechanism 34 pushing it upward. This action produces movement similar to that when the primary solenoid 20 is activated. Therefore, either the activation of the primary solenoid 20 or the rotation of the manual operator handle 14, produces a rotation of the first drive shaft 40.
- the manual activator lever 52 is coupled by a linkage (not shown) to the normally closed switch 22 at the top of the activator assembly 11 shown in Figure 1.
- the indicator switch 22 opens disconnecting the primary solenoid 20 from the control circuitry. This action prevents this solenoid 20 from being energized while the automatic transfer switch 10 is being manually operated.
- a first latch 54 is mounted on the second drive shaft 50 in a manner which allows the drive shaft to rotate without producing movement of the first latch.
- a torsion spring 55 is positioned around the second shaft 50 with its ends contacting the first latch 54 and the front cover 13 to bias the first latch against the first ratchet wheel 41.
- Each movement of the pawl mechanism either as a result of activation of the primary solenoid 20 or the manual operator handle 14, produces a 90 degree clockwise rotation of the ratchet wheels 41 and 42 and the first drive shaft 40.
- the first latch 54 prevents the first ratchet wheel 41 and therefore the first drive shaft 40 from rotating in the counterclockwise direction once the activation force has been removed.
- Figure 4 shows a second latch 56 located on the second drive shaft 50 in a manner that allows it to rotate freely about the shaft.
- the second latch 56 has a short first arm 57 with a tab biased against the circumferential surface of the second ratchet wheel 42.
- the bias force is provided by a second torsion spring 59 on the second drive shaft 50 behind the second latch.
- the short first arm 57 engages the detent teeth 43 to prevent the second ratchet wheel 42 and thereby the first drive shaft 40 from rotating more than 90 degrees for each activation by either the solenoid 20 or the manual operator lever 14.
- the second latch 56 also has a longer second arm 58 which extends under the first drive shaft 40.
- the distal end of the second latch arm 58 is pushed downward by the pawl mechanism 34 when the solenoid is in the deactivated state.
- the pawl mechanism 34 presses against the second arm 58, the second latch 56 is rotated so that its first arm 57 moves away from contact with the second ratchet wheel 42.
- the pawl mechanism 34 is activated again causing a rotation of the second ratchet wheel 42, the ratchet wheel will rotate a slight amount before the short arm 57 of the second latch 56 once again engages the circumferential surface of the wheel. This permits the tooth 43′ to rotate past the end of the first arm 57 allowing another 90 degrees of rotation of the ratchet wheel 42 to occur.
- the ratchet mechanism consisting of pawl 34 and the two ratchet wheels 41 and 42 provide a mechanism by which the linear motion from the solenoid 20 imparts a rotational movement onto the first drive shaft 40 so as to rotate the two cams 61 and 62. With each activation of the solenoid, the ratchet wheels 41 and 42 due to their square notched grooves 44, impart a 90 degree rotation to the first drive shaft 40.
- the manual handle 40 By mounting the manual handle 40 on a separate second drive shaft 50 and providing the manual activation lever 52 to couple the rotation of the second drive shaft 50 to the pawl 34, the movement of the first drive shaft 40 is isolated from the handle 14.
- two elongated cams 61 and 62 are attached to the first drive shaft 40 spaced from the second ratchet wheel 42.
- the first cam 61 is rotated 90 degrees about the first drive shaft 40 from the orientation of the second cam 62.
- the second cam 62 is illustrated in Figure 7.
- One side of the cam has a tubular projection 63 through which the first drive shaft 40 passes.
- a set screw 65 in an aperture of the projection 63 fastens the second cam 62 to the first drive shaft 40.
- the first cam 61 has a profile identical to that of the second cam 61, however, the tubular projection 63′ is on the reverse side of the first cam 61 as shown in Figure 2.
- the first and second cams 61 and 62 engage an over-the-center spring mechanism 48.
- An over-the-center spring mechanism is generically a mechanical assembly having a rotatable member which pivots through an arc. A spring biases the rotatable member toward one or the other ends of the arc, depending upon which side of the center point of the arc the rotatable member is positioned. A driving apparatus forces the rotatable member past the centerpoint against the bias of the spring. Once past the center point, the spring causes continued movement of the rotatable member away from the center point.
- the over-the-center spring mechanism 48 comprises a drive lever 66, an index cam 67, and two springs 68 as shown in Figure 2 and 3.
- the drive lever 66 is mounted on a shaft 64 that extends between the side walls of the actuator mechanism 11.
- the drive lever 66 has two cam rollers 69 and 69′ which ride on the first and second cams 61 and 62, respectively and act as cam followers.
- the action of the two cams 61 and 62 forces the lower end of the drive lever 66 against one of the two internal support rods 72 of the actuator assembly 11 depending upon the extreme position of the drive lever 66.
- the lower end of the drive lever 66 has a spring retaining pin 77 extending therethrough to which one end of the two springs 68 attach.
- the index cam 67 is formed by two parallel plates 78 and 79 on opposite sides of the drive lever 66.
- the two plates 78 and 79 are joined by a bridge member 89.
- the second plate 79 of the index cam 67 is connected by coupling 71 ( Figure 4) to the switch drive shaft 24.
- the first plate 78 is connected by a pivot 70 to the left side wall 60 of the actuator assembly 11. This pivot 70 is aligned with the switch drive shaft 24 on the other side of the assembly.
- a drive link 15 is connected by a pin to the lower end of the first plate 78 and extends to the position indicator 16 ( Figure 1).
- a spring rod 98 extends between the upper edges of the two index cam plates 78 and 79 and has the other end of each spring 68 attached to it. The spring rod 98 extends through a large aperture 99 in the drive lever 66 which allows the rod to move unencumbered as the mechanism operates.
- the second plate 79 has a cam edge 80 with an elongated notch 81 cut
- the index cam plate 79 has a tab 74 extending from its rear surface as shown in Figures 3 and 4. This tab 74 strikes one of two bumpers 75 and 76 located on the right sidewall 60 in the two extreme positions of the index cam's movement.
- the index cam 67 is connected by coupling 71 to the switch drive shaft 24 to produce a rotation of the switch drive shaft as the index cam pivots.
- the switch drive shaft 24 places the switch in each module 12 into the position illustrated in Figure 8.
- the movable contact arm 90 of each switch module 12 abuts the second fixed contact 95 when the over-the-center spring mechanism 48 is in the position shown in Figure 6.
- One end of the latch lever 17 has a roller 84 attached thereto which rides along the curved edge 80 of the second index cam plate 79.
- a torsion spring is positioned on the latch lever pivot shaft 83 to bias the latch lever roller 84 against the index cam 67.
- the end of the latch lever 17 remote from the roller 84 has an elongated slot 82 cut therein.
- a secondary solenoid 86 is positioned on the right side wall 60 near its bottom edge. The secondary solenoid 86 has a plunger 87 with a drive pin 88 that is located within the elongated slot 82.
- the end portion 23 of the latch lever 17 also extends through an aperture 25 in the lock lever 18.
- a catch 85 of the end portion 23 is outside of the lock lever 18. If the lock lever 18 is raised upward, the lower edge of the aperture 25 will engage the catch 85 so that the latch lever cannot be disengaged from the notch 81 of the index cam 67. As a result, the index cam 87 is prevented from moving into one of its two extreme positions wherein the switches within modules 12 are in either the emergency or the normal contact positions.
- the lock lever 18 may be held in this position by placing a padlock through the elongated horizontal slots in the front cover 13 and the lock lever 18.
- the over-the-center spring mechanism 48 comprising drive lever 66, index cam 67, and the two springs 68, provides a toggle type mechanism which alternately forces the contacts within the switch modules 12 into one of the closed states connecting the load either to the normal or emergency electricity supplies.
- the automatic transfer switch 10 is activated either by energizing the solenoid 20 or by rotating the manual operator handle 14 in a clockwise direction. This activation imparts a rotational force onto the first drive shaft 40 via the ratchet assembly consisting of pawl 34 and the ratchet wheels 41 and 42.
- the second cam 62 no longer is in contact with its roller 69′ on the drive lever 66 and the first cam 61 makes contact with its drive lever roller.
- the first cam 61 forces its side of the drive lever 66 downward causing the drive lever to pivot counter clockwise about its shaft 64.
- the springs 68 travel to an unstable center position with respect to the index cam 67. The force from the first cam 61 is sufficient to move the drive lever 66 past the center position stretching the two springs 68 in doing so.
- the springs 68 begin to contract rotating the index cam 67 clockwise until it travels to the intermediate position illustrated in Figure 5.
- the contraction of the springs 68 continues the movement of the index cam even without additional force being applied by the first cam 61.
- the center-off latch lever 17 followed the curved edge 80 of the second plate 79.
- the torsion spring of the latch lever 17 causes the roller 84 to fall into the notch 81 as the second index cam plate 79 rotates.
- the over-the-center spring force causes the index cam 67 to continue to rotate clockwise until the roller 84 of the cam abuts the upper edge of the notch 81. Because of the sharp angle of the upper edge, further rotation of the index cam 67 into the full clockwise position is inhibited by the latch lever 17.
- the notch 81 acts as a stop to halt the full rotation of the index cam 67.
- the latch lever 17 In order to complete the transfer action of the switch 10, the latch lever 17 must be pivoted out of the notch 81. This is accomplished by either energizing the secondary solenoid 87 or by an operator pressing on the end portion 23 of the latch lever 17 that extends through the aperature in the front cover 13. Once the roller 84 of the latch lever 17 has been retracted from the notch 81, the force provided by the springs 68 will cause the index cam 67 to continue its clockwise rotation into a position illustrated in Figure 2. The primary solenoid 20 does not have to be energized to produce this continued movement. At this final position, the index cam 67 has rotated the switch drive shaft 24 into its other extreme position at which the switch module contact arm 90 is abutting the first fixed contact 93.
- the present invention therefore preferably provides a switch actuator mechanism with an over-the-center spring mechanism 48 having a center-off position at which the actuator assembly is biased toward one of the extreme positions where a set of contacts of the switch will be closed.
- reenergizing the drive mechanism for the actuator assembly will reverse the bias of the over-the-center spring mechanism 48 toward the other closure position.
- the secondary solenoid 84 may be energized simultaneously with the primary solenoid 20 so that the latch lever 17 is fully pivoted during the rotation of the over-the-center spring mechanism. In this instance, the actuator assembly travels from one extreme position to the other extreme position illustrated in Figures 2 and 6 without pausing in the center-off position.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a switch and more specifically, to transfer switches for connecting an electric load to either a normal power supply or an emergency power source.
- Many commercial and industrial buildings have a standby electrical generator which provides power in the event of a failure of the electricity from the utility company. Should a storm or another event interrupt the electrical power from the normal source, a control circuit detects the outage and starts the standby generator. When the generator has reached full speed and is generating the nominal output voltage, the control circuit activates an automatic transfer switch, such as shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,157,461. The switch transfers the connection of selected emergency circuits within the building from the normal power supply lines to the output of the standby generator. These emergency circuits typically include minimal lighting throughout the building, elevators, computers, and other equipment which require power during the emergency.
- Heretofore, such automatic transfer switches had two positions, one in which the emergency power source, such as the standby generator, was connected to the building circuits and the other position in which the lines from the utility company were connected to the building circuits. The switch typically did not provide a position at which neither power supply was connected to the building circuits. Therefore, if an electrician had to perform maintenance work on the building circuits, an additional shutoff switch had to be provided to disconnect those circuits from the automatic transfer switch so that neither power supply could be connected to the circuit while maintenance was being performed.
- One aspect of the present invention is to provide a switch with a center-off position at which the load coupled to the switch is connected to neither source of electricity.
- The present invention therefore provides a switch including a means for alternatively connecting an electric load to one of two sources of electricity; an over-the-center spring mechanism operatively coupled to said connecting means, said spring mechanism having a first position at which the load is connected to one of the sources of electricity, a second position at which the load is connected to the other source, and an intermediate position between the first and second positions; means for driving the over-the-center spring mechanism from the first and second positions past the intermediate position, and means for halting the movement of the over-the-center spring mechanism during its movement between the first and second positions in a position at which the load is not connected to either source of electricity.
- Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a transfer switch which is activated by an over-the-center spring mechanism which insures that the contacts of the switch are held in the proper state, either open or closed.
- A further aspect of the present invention is to provide a transfer switch which can be driven either electrically via a solenoid or manually by an operator handle. Such alternative driving mechanism being provided such that either driving means may activate the switch without interfering with the other driving means.
- The present invention further provides a switch including means for alternately connecting an electric load to two sources of electricity, an over-the-center spring mechanism operatively coupled to said connecting means, said spring mechanism having a first position at which the load is connected to one of the sources and a second position at which the load is connected to the other source, and means for driving the over-the-center spring mechanism alternatively toward each of the first and second positions, including a solenoid and a manually operable handle assembly.
- Further features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention taken together with the accompanying drawings wherein:
- Figure 1 is an isometric view of an automatic transfer switch according to the present invention;
- Figure 2 is a plan view of the side of the mechanical actuator mechanism for the switch of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a plane view of the actuator mechanism with the front cover removed;
- Figure 4 is a cross section of the actuator assembly taking along lines 4-4 of Figure 2;
- Figures 5 and 6 are side views of the actuator mechanism in two different positions from that shown in Figure 2;
- Figure 7 is a plane view of a cam in the actuator mechanism; and
- Figure 8 is a cross section view of one of the switch modules shown in Figure 1.
- With reference to Figure 1, an automatic transfer switch, generally designated as 10, comprises an actuator assembly 11 and three
switch modules 12. The actuator assembly 11 has afront cover 13 through which amanual operator handle 14 extends. Thefront cover 13 has an indicator window 15 through which can be seen a position indicator 16. The position indicator designates whether the automatic transfer switch is connecting the normal power supply or an emergency power supply to the electrical load circuits which connect to the switch 10. A center-offlatch lever 17 extends through another aperture in thefront cover 13 which is located just below themanual operator handle 14. A center-offlock lever 18 is seen partially extending from beneath the actuator assembly 11 behind thefront cover 13 and, as will be described hereinafter, may be pushed upward to engage the center-offlatch lever 18 preventing the latter lever's operation. In this upward position, a slotted aperture in thelock lever 18 is aligned with a similar aperture in thefront cover 13 which enables a padlock to be placed through both apertures securing the position of thelock lever 18. - Mounted on the upper surface of the actuator assembly 11 is a
primary solenoid 20 and a normally closedswitch 22. Theprimary solenoid 20 is to be connected byterminals 21 in series with theswitch 22 to a conventional control circuit (not shown) which energizes the solenoid to activate the automatic transfer switch. If the automatic transfer switch 10 is activated by themanual operator handle 14, the movement of the handle causesswitch 22 to open thereby preventing the control circuit from simultaneously energizing the primary solenoid. - A
switch drive shaft 24 extends from the actuator assembly 11 through the threeswitch modules 12 and is coupled to activate the switch mechanism within each module. Each of the threeswitch modules 12 includes a single-pole double-throw switch which connects one of the phase lines for the three-phase electrical service within a building to either one of the three-phase lines from a normal electrical supply, such as that provided by a utility company, or one of the three-phase lines from a standby emergency generator for the building. Although the present invention can be used with different switch module designs, the inner details of switch module for the illustrated automatic transfer switch are shown in Figure 8. Amovable contact arm 90 is attached to theswitch drive shaft 24 to pivot with the rotation of the shaft. Onephase line 91 for the building circuits is connected to the contact arm byterminal 92. The contact arm is shown in a first postion at which it is in electrical contact with a first fixedcontact 93. The first fixed contact is electrically coupled to one of thephase lines 94 from a source of emergency power. When thecontact arm 90 pivots counterclockwise from the illustrated position, it will contact a second fixedcontact 95 which is electrically coupled to a phase line from a normal source of electricity. Theswitch module 12 also includes aconventional arch chute 97 to suppress any electric arcs created as the sets of contacts separate. The details of each of the switch modules are described in our co-pending Application No. , filed on 24/11/88. - The distal end of the
switch drive shaft 24 extends from therightmost switch module 12 and has ateeter bar 26 attached thereto. Theteeter bar 26 has a cammed surface which alternately closes either of two position indicator switches 27 and 28. These indicator switches provide control signals to the transfer switch control circuit indicating the position of the transfer switch. A different one of these switches closes when thecontact arm 90 is against the first or secondfixed contacts switch modules 12. Aterminal block 29 is provided to make electrical connection between the control circuit and thevarious indicator switches 22, 27 and 28. - The internal mechanism of the actuator assembly 11 is illustrated in Figures 2 and 3 from the left side and front respectively. A
first drive shaft 40 has a square cross section and extends between thefront cover 13 and arear cover 19 of the actuator assembly 11. Mounted on thefirst drive shaft 40 in a spaced relationship are tworatchet wheels ratchet wheel teeth 43 on its circumferential surface. Theteeth 43 on thefirst ratchet wheel 41 are cut in the opposite direction to theteeth 43 onthesecond ratchet wheel 42. Asquare groove 44 havingnotches 45 at each corner is cut into the inward facing majorcircular surface 46 of eachratchet wheel - Referring to Figures 2 and 4, the
primary solenoid 20 includes an electrical coil schematically designated as element 30, encircling aplunger 32 which moves within the coil 30 along its vertical longitudinal axis. Apawl mechanism 34 is attached to the remote end of theplunger 32. Thepawl mechanism 34 includes apin 36 extending from each side thereof into thesquare grooves 44 of the tworatchet wheels plunger 32 is drawn upward by the activation of the solenoid 30, thepawl pin 36 engages thenotches 45 at the corners of thesquare grooves 44 causing each of theratchet wheels first drive shaft 40 as viewed from the front of the transfer switch 10. Thepawl pin 36 is spring loaded to follow the outer edge of thegrooves 44 as theplunger 32 falls downward when the solenoid is deactivated. At the bottom of the plunger's stroke thepin 36 is located in thenext notch 45 ofgroove 44. - With reference to Figures 2 and 3 the
manual operator handle 14 is connected to the end of asecond drive shaft 50 which extends parallel to thefirst drive shaft 40. Amanual activator lever 52 is attached to the second drive shaft and extends therefrom. Themanual activator lever 52 has a semicircular ring shape so that when it is rotated in a clockwise direction by movement of thehandle 14 and thesecond drive shaft 50, it will extend around thefirst drive shaft 40 contacting the underside of thepawl mechanism 34 pushing it upward. This action produces movement similar to that when theprimary solenoid 20 is activated. Therefore, either the activation of theprimary solenoid 20 or the rotation of themanual operator handle 14, produces a rotation of thefirst drive shaft 40. Themanual activator lever 52 is coupled by a linkage (not shown) to the normally closedswitch 22 at the top of the activator assembly 11 shown in Figure 1. When the manual lever is moved a slight amount to activate the automatic transfer switch mechanism, theindicator switch 22 opens disconnecting theprimary solenoid 20 from the control circuitry. This action prevents thissolenoid 20 from being energized while the automatic transfer switch 10 is being manually operated. - A
first latch 54 is mounted on thesecond drive shaft 50 in a manner which allows the drive shaft to rotate without producing movement of the first latch. Atorsion spring 55 is positioned around thesecond shaft 50 with its ends contacting thefirst latch 54 and thefront cover 13 to bias the first latch against thefirst ratchet wheel 41. Each movement of the pawl mechanism, either as a result of activation of theprimary solenoid 20 or themanual operator handle 14, produces a 90 degree clockwise rotation of theratchet wheels first drive shaft 40. Thefirst latch 54 prevents thefirst ratchet wheel 41 and therefore thefirst drive shaft 40 from rotating in the counterclockwise direction once the activation force has been removed. - Figure 4 shows a
second latch 56 located on thesecond drive shaft 50 in a manner that allows it to rotate freely about the shaft. Thesecond latch 56 has a short first arm 57 with a tab biased against the circumferential surface of thesecond ratchet wheel 42. The bias force is provided by a second torsion spring 59 on thesecond drive shaft 50 behind the second latch. The short first arm 57 engages thedetent teeth 43 to prevent thesecond ratchet wheel 42 and thereby thefirst drive shaft 40 from rotating more than 90 degrees for each activation by either thesolenoid 20 or themanual operator lever 14. Thesecond latch 56 also has a longersecond arm 58 which extends under thefirst drive shaft 40. The distal end of thesecond latch arm 58 is pushed downward by thepawl mechanism 34 when the solenoid is in the deactivated state. When thepawl mechanism 34 presses against thesecond arm 58, thesecond latch 56 is rotated so that its first arm 57 moves away from contact with thesecond ratchet wheel 42. When thepawl mechanism 34 is activated again causing a rotation of thesecond ratchet wheel 42, the ratchet wheel will rotate a slight amount before the short arm 57 of thesecond latch 56 once again engages the circumferential surface of the wheel. This permits thetooth 43′ to rotate past the end of the first arm 57 allowing another 90 degrees of rotation of theratchet wheel 42 to occur. - The ratchet mechanism consisting of
pawl 34 and the tworatchet wheels solenoid 20 imparts a rotational movement onto thefirst drive shaft 40 so as to rotate the twocams ratchet wheels grooves 44, impart a 90 degree rotation to thefirst drive shaft 40. By mounting themanual handle 40 on a separatesecond drive shaft 50 and providing themanual activation lever 52 to couple the rotation of thesecond drive shaft 50 to thepawl 34, the movement of thefirst drive shaft 40 is isolated from thehandle 14. As a result, when thesolenoid 20 is employed to activate theautomatic transfer switch 10, 20 is employed to activate the automatic transfer switch 10, its induced rotation of thefirst drive shaft 40 does not produce a movement of thehandle 14. Therefore, should a human operator's hand be in the vicinity of thehandle 14 when the solenoid is activated, the handle remains stationary and does not strike the operator's hand. - Referring to Figure 2, two
elongated cams first drive shaft 40 spaced from thesecond ratchet wheel 42. Thefirst cam 61 is rotated 90 degrees about thefirst drive shaft 40 from the orientation of thesecond cam 62. Thesecond cam 62 is illustrated in Figure 7. One side of the cam has atubular projection 63 through which thefirst drive shaft 40 passes. Aset screw 65 in an aperture of theprojection 63 fastens thesecond cam 62 to thefirst drive shaft 40. Thefirst cam 61 has a profile identical to that of thesecond cam 61, however, thetubular projection 63′ is on the reverse side of thefirst cam 61 as shown in Figure 2. - The first and
second cams center spring mechanism 48. An over-the-center spring mechanism is generically a mechanical assembly having a rotatable member which pivots through an arc. A spring biases the rotatable member toward one or the other ends of the arc, depending upon which side of the center point of the arc the rotatable member is positioned. A driving apparatus forces the rotatable member past the centerpoint against the bias of the spring. Once past the center point, the spring causes continued movement of the rotatable member away from the center point. In the present switch, the over-the-center spring mechanism 48 comprises adrive lever 66, anindex cam 67, and twosprings 68 as shown in Figure 2 and 3. Thedrive lever 66 is mounted on ashaft 64 that extends between the side walls of the actuator mechanism 11. Thedrive lever 66 has twocam rollers second cams first drive shaft 40, they cause thedrive lever 66 to pivot about itsshaft 64 from a first position shown in Figure 2 to a second position shown in Figure 6. The action of the twocams drive lever 66 against one of the twointernal support rods 72 of the actuator assembly 11 depending upon the extreme position of thedrive lever 66. The lower end of thedrive lever 66 has aspring retaining pin 77 extending therethrough to which one end of the twosprings 68 attach. - The
index cam 67 is formed by twoparallel plates drive lever 66. The twoplates bridge member 89. Thesecond plate 79 of theindex cam 67 is connected by coupling 71 (Figure 4) to theswitch drive shaft 24. Thefirst plate 78 is connected by apivot 70 to theleft side wall 60 of the actuator assembly 11. Thispivot 70 is aligned with theswitch drive shaft 24 on the other side of the assembly. A drive link 15 is connected by a pin to the lower end of thefirst plate 78 and extends to the position indicator 16 (Figure 1). Aspring rod 98 extends between the upper edges of the twoindex cam plates spring 68 attached to it. Thespring rod 98 extends through alarge aperture 99 in thedrive lever 66 which allows the rod to move unencumbered as the mechanism operates. Thesecond plate 79 has acam edge 80 with anelongated notch 81 cut therein. - As the
lever 66 pivots from one extreme position to the other, the tension exerted bysprings 68 on theindex cam 67 cause the latter element to rotate about thepivot 70 so that the index cam assumes two extreme positions of rotation illustrated in Figure 2 and 6. Theindex cam plate 79 has atab 74 extending from its rear surface as shown in Figures 3 and 4. Thistab 74 strikes one of twobumpers right sidewall 60 in the two extreme positions of the index cam's movement. - As illustrated in Figure 4, the
index cam 67 is connected by coupling 71 to theswitch drive shaft 24 to produce a rotation of the switch drive shaft as the index cam pivots. When the over-the-center spring mechanism 48 is in the position shown in Figure 2, theswitch drive shaft 24 places the switch in eachmodule 12 into the position illustrated in Figure 8. Themovable contact arm 90 of eachswitch module 12 abuts the second fixedcontact 95 when the over-the-center spring mechanism 48 is in the position shown in Figure 6. - A center-
off latch lever 17, illustrated in Figure 2, pivots about a pivot shaft 83. One end of thelatch lever 17 has aroller 84 attached thereto which rides along thecurved edge 80 of the secondindex cam plate 79. A torsion spring is positioned on the latch lever pivot shaft 83 to bias thelatch lever roller 84 against theindex cam 67. The end of thelatch lever 17 remote from theroller 84 has an elongatedslot 82 cut therein. Asecondary solenoid 86 is positioned on theright side wall 60 near its bottom edge. Thesecondary solenoid 86 has aplunger 87 with adrive pin 88 that is located within theelongated slot 82. When thesecondary solenoid 86 is energized by the control circuit, theplunger 87 is drawn inward causingpin 88 to pull the center-off latch lever 17 away from contact with theindex cam 67. Similarly, pushing on theend portion 23 of thelatch lever 17 that extends through the aperture in thefront cover 13 will cause a similar disengagement of the latch lever from the index cam. - The
end portion 23 of thelatch lever 17 also extends through anaperture 25 in thelock lever 18. In the position of thelatch lever 17 shown in Figure 5, acatch 85 of theend portion 23 is outside of thelock lever 18. If thelock lever 18 is raised upward, the lower edge of theaperture 25 will engage thecatch 85 so that the latch lever cannot be disengaged from thenotch 81 of theindex cam 67. As a result, theindex cam 87 is prevented from moving into one of its two extreme positions wherein the switches withinmodules 12 are in either the emergency or the normal contact positions. As noted previously, thelock lever 18 may be held in this position by placing a padlock through the elongated horizontal slots in thefront cover 13 and thelock lever 18. - The over-the-
center spring mechanism 48, comprisingdrive lever 66,index cam 67, and the twosprings 68, provides a toggle type mechanism which alternately forces the contacts within theswitch modules 12 into one of the closed states connecting the load either to the normal or emergency electricity supplies. Referring to Figures 3 and 6, the automatic transfer switch 10 is activated either by energizing thesolenoid 20 or by rotating the manual operator handle 14 in a clockwise direction. This activation imparts a rotational force onto thefirst drive shaft 40 via the ratchet assembly consisting ofpawl 34 and theratchet wheels first drive shaft 40 rotates, thesecond cam 62 no longer is in contact with itsroller 69′ on thedrive lever 66 and thefirst cam 61 makes contact with its drive lever roller. As theshaft 40 continues to rotate, thefirst cam 61 forces its side of thedrive lever 66 downward causing the drive lever to pivot counter clockwise about itsshaft 64. As thedrive lever 66 continues to rotate, thesprings 68 travel to an unstable center position with respect to theindex cam 67. The force from thefirst cam 61 is sufficient to move thedrive lever 66 past the center position stretching the twosprings 68 in doing so. - Once the
drive lever 66 has traveled past the unstable center position, thesprings 68 begin to contract rotating theindex cam 67 clockwise until it travels to the intermediate position illustrated in Figure 5. The contraction of thesprings 68 continues the movement of the index cam even without additional force being applied by thefirst cam 61. As theindex cam 67 was rotated clockwise, the center-off latch lever 17 followed thecurved edge 80 of thesecond plate 79. The torsion spring of thelatch lever 17 causes theroller 84 to fall into thenotch 81 as the secondindex cam plate 79 rotates. The over-the-center spring force causes theindex cam 67 to continue to rotate clockwise until theroller 84 of the cam abuts the upper edge of thenotch 81. Because of the sharp angle of the upper edge, further rotation of theindex cam 67 into the full clockwise position is inhibited by thelatch lever 17. Thenotch 81 acts as a stop to halt the full rotation of theindex cam 67. - When the actuator mechanism was in the initial position illustrated in Figure 6, the
contact arm 90 of each switch module shown in Figure 8 was against the second fixedcontact 95. The rotation of theindex cam 67 of the over-the-center spring mechanism 48 produced a corresponding rotation of theswitch drive shaft 24 which rotated eachcontact arm 90 away from the second fixedcontact 95. However, at the point where thelatch lever 17 halted the rotation, theindex cam 67 and theswitch drive shaft 24 have not rotated enough to bring thecontact arm 90 into abutment with the first fixedcontact 93. Therefore, in the position illustrated in Figure 5, when the indexcam latch lever 17 is engaging thenotch 81, theswitch modules 12 are in a center-off state at which the load switched by themodules 12 is not connected to either source of electricity. - In order to complete the transfer action of the switch 10, the
latch lever 17 must be pivoted out of thenotch 81. This is accomplished by either energizing thesecondary solenoid 87 or by an operator pressing on theend portion 23 of thelatch lever 17 that extends through the aperature in thefront cover 13. Once theroller 84 of thelatch lever 17 has been retracted from thenotch 81, the force provided by thesprings 68 will cause theindex cam 67 to continue its clockwise rotation into a position illustrated in Figure 2. Theprimary solenoid 20 does not have to be energized to produce this continued movement. At this final position, theindex cam 67 has rotated theswitch drive shaft 24 into its other extreme position at which the switchmodule contact arm 90 is abutting the first fixedcontact 93. - From the position in Figure 2, if the
primary solenoid 20 or themanual operator level 14 is again activated to produce another rotation of thefirst drive shaft 40, thefirst cam 61 is rotated away from contact with itscam roller 69 and thesecond cam 62 is rotated into contact with itscam roller 69′. This action pivots thedrive lever 66 in a clockwise direction past the unstable center spring position, reversing the rotation of theindex cam 66 toward the position illustrated in Figure 6. However, once the over-the-center spring mechanism 48 was past the unstable center position, theroller 84 of the indexcam latch lever 17 again drops into thenotch 81. The counterclockwise rotation of theindex cam 67 continues until thelatch roller 84 abuts the lower edge of thenotch 81. In this position thelatch lever 17 halts the rotation of theindex cam 67 so that the switchmodule drive shaft 24 positions the switchmodule contact arm 90 in the center-off position at which the load is connected to neither electricity source. Once again, if the center-off latch lever 17 is pivoted out of thenotch 81, theindex cam 67 will continue its counterclockwise rotation coming to rest at the position illustrated in Figure 6. - Referring again to Figure 5 where the actuator assembly 11 is in the center-off position, if either the
solenoid 20 or the manual operator handle 14 is activated, theindex cam 67 will be prevented from traveling into the final position illustrated in Figure 2, but will reverse its direction rotating counterclockwise until theroller 84 of the center-off latch lever 17 abuts the lower edge of thenotch 81. In this position the center-off mechanism is now biased toward the first switch closure position and pivoting of thelatch lever 17 out of thenotch 81 will cause the over-the-center switch mechanism 48 to return to the position illustrated in Figure 6. - The present invention therefore preferably provides a switch actuator mechanism with an over-the-
center spring mechanism 48 having a center-off position at which the actuator assembly is biased toward one of the extreme positions where a set of contacts of the switch will be closed. However, reenergizing the drive mechanism for the actuator assembly will reverse the bias of the over-the-center spring mechanism 48 toward the other closure position. Thesecondary solenoid 84 may be energized simultaneously with theprimary solenoid 20 so that thelatch lever 17 is fully pivoted during the rotation of the over-the-center spring mechanism. In this instance, the actuator assembly travels from one extreme position to the other extreme position illustrated in Figures 2 and 6 without pausing in the center-off position.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US176756 | 1988-04-01 | ||
US07/176,756 US4804933A (en) | 1988-04-01 | 1988-04-01 | Automatic transfer switch |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0335002A2 true EP0335002A2 (en) | 1989-10-04 |
EP0335002A3 EP0335002A3 (en) | 1990-11-07 |
Family
ID=22645700
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19880119608 Withdrawn EP0335002A3 (en) | 1988-04-01 | 1988-11-24 | Automatic transfer switch |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4804933A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0335002A3 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0215529A (en) |
AU (1) | AU619510B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US9865416B2 (en) | 2016-04-21 | 2018-01-09 | Hartland Controls, Llc | Electrical power transfer switch |
US10083809B2 (en) | 2016-04-21 | 2018-09-25 | Hartland Controls, Llc | Electrical power transfer switch |
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US5093988A (en) * | 1991-01-24 | 1992-03-10 | Kohler Co. | Method for attaching a flexible connector |
CA2129177C (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1999-09-28 | Armin Kunert | Linear motor driven transfer switch assembly |
US6172432B1 (en) | 1999-06-18 | 2001-01-09 | Gen-Tran Corporation | Automatic transfer switch |
US6849811B1 (en) * | 2000-07-31 | 2005-02-01 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for transfer switch |
US6590481B2 (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2003-07-08 | Eaton Corporation | Fast acting, electrically powered operator for transfer switch and transfer switch incorporating same |
US6876103B2 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2005-04-05 | General Electric Company | Automatic transfer switch systems and controllers |
US6825578B2 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2004-11-30 | Joseph Perttu | State machine controlled automatic transfer switch system |
US6577216B2 (en) | 2001-02-06 | 2003-06-10 | Eaton Corporation | Fast acting transfer switch with confronting power switches oppositely actuated by single coil solenoid |
JP4333060B2 (en) * | 2001-08-06 | 2009-09-16 | 富士電機機器制御株式会社 | Protective switch |
US6693248B1 (en) * | 2002-10-28 | 2004-02-17 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for transferring electrical power |
US8809705B2 (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2014-08-19 | General Electric Company | Device and method for switching electrical energy |
US8138861B2 (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2012-03-20 | Eaton Corporation | Inertial catch for an automatic transfer switch power contractor |
AU2011370144B2 (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2015-04-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Operating mechanism |
US8604377B2 (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2013-12-10 | Vitzrotech Co., Ltd | Automatic transfer switch |
JP6054599B2 (en) * | 2011-08-11 | 2016-12-27 | 富士通コンポーネント株式会社 | Switches and connectors |
US9330861B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-05-03 | General Electric Company | Arc chute assembly for an automatic transfer switch system and methods of assembling the same |
US9467006B2 (en) | 2013-09-23 | 2016-10-11 | Trippe Manufacturing Company | Automatic transfer switch for three-phase applications |
CN104659796B (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2017-04-26 | 蔺兰忠 | Automatic phase modulator for low-voltage three-phase load unbalance |
CN104157479B (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2016-03-16 | 贵州泰永长征技术股份有限公司 | A kind of close/open machine of automatic transfer switching electric appliance |
WO2016206068A1 (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2016-12-29 | 康明斯发电Ip公司 | Automatic transfer switch and drive subsystem |
CN107924774B (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2021-04-09 | 康明斯发电Ip公司 | Permanent magnet operating mechanism for automatic change-over switch |
WO2021158900A1 (en) * | 2020-02-05 | 2021-08-12 | Generac Power Systems, Inc. | Transfer switch contactor mechanism |
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- 1988-04-01 US US07/176,756 patent/US4804933A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-11-24 EP EP19880119608 patent/EP0335002A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-12-02 AU AU26493/88A patent/AU619510B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-12-19 JP JP63320323A patent/JPH0215529A/en active Pending
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US2435486A (en) * | 1946-08-07 | 1948-02-03 | Gen Electric | Operating mechanism |
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US3150243A (en) * | 1962-01-24 | 1964-09-22 | Gen Electric | Three position, snap action rotary switch |
DE2737020B1 (en) * | 1977-08-15 | 1978-08-10 | Siemens Ag | Device for gradual movement |
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---|---|---|---|---|
US9865416B2 (en) | 2016-04-21 | 2018-01-09 | Hartland Controls, Llc | Electrical power transfer switch |
US10083809B2 (en) | 2016-04-21 | 2018-09-25 | Hartland Controls, Llc | Electrical power transfer switch |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4804933A (en) | 1989-02-14 |
AU2649388A (en) | 1989-10-05 |
EP0335002A3 (en) | 1990-11-07 |
AU619510B2 (en) | 1992-01-30 |
JPH0215529A (en) | 1990-01-19 |
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