EP0326703A1 - Device for cylindrical and/or profile grinding - Google Patents
Device for cylindrical and/or profile grinding Download PDFInfo
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- EP0326703A1 EP0326703A1 EP88121356A EP88121356A EP0326703A1 EP 0326703 A1 EP0326703 A1 EP 0326703A1 EP 88121356 A EP88121356 A EP 88121356A EP 88121356 A EP88121356 A EP 88121356A EP 0326703 A1 EP0326703 A1 EP 0326703A1
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- Prior art keywords
- rotation
- grinding
- grinding tool
- axis
- workpiece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
- B24B27/003—Other grinding machines or devices using a tool turning around the work-piece
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for cylindrical and / or profile grinding with a receptacle for a workpiece and with a tool that can be driven to rotate and has a grinding surface.
- grinding tools in the form of disks are used, which are provided with an abrasive coating on their outer circumference.
- Such devices make it possible to grind workpieces round and / or to grind profiles, for example in the form of recesses with radial or conical shoulders. If you want to grind left and right shoulders on a workpiece, it is usually necessary to reclamp the workpiece. Such reclamping often includes the risk of inaccuracy.
- the invention has for its object to design a device of the type mentioned so that the grinding process can be rationalized.
- the grinding tool is designed as a ring which is provided on its inner circumference with the grinding coating.
- the grinding pad is supported against the centrifugal forces by means of the inner circumference of the ring, so that the centrifugal forces acting on the grinding pad practically no longer represent a limitation for the amount of the grinding speed. It is only necessary to ensure that the ring-shaped grinding tool itself and its holding elements withstand the centrifugal forces which occur at high speeds.
- the annular grinding tool is held in an annular holder which is rotatably mounted and is connected to a rotary drive.
- the annular holder is designed as a rotor of an electric motor. This enables a space-saving arrangement to be realized.
- annular holder is mounted by means of a gas bearing.
- gas storage allows very high speeds without significant wear and tear.
- the holder for the grinding tool which also rotates, is exposed to the same high centrifugal forces, so that it must be designed accordingly for very high speeds.
- the ring-shaped holder is designed as a composite body which has a base body made of metal and a reinforcement surrounding the grinding tool.
- the main body made of metal essentially has the task of ensuring the dimensional stability, while the reinforcement surrounding it should absorb the forces occurring at extremely high speeds of 10,000 rpm and more.
- the reinforcement is formed from fibers running in the circumferential direction, which are embedded in a matrix made of plastic.
- Suitable for this are carbon fibers or filaments known under the trade name "Keflar", which are impregnated with plastic and wrapped around the base body. It is provided that the fibers of these reinforcements are aligned unidirectionally in the circumferential direction, so that particularly high strengths are obtained in the circumferential direction.
- the device shown only very schematically in FIG. 1 has a chuck (10), in which a workpiece (11) is clamped, which in its central area, which has a smaller diameter, is to be grinded, which is then to be grinded on both sides by a likewise Shoulder is limited.
- the chuck (10) is provided in a manner not shown with a rotary drive and also a feed drive, as is common in grinding machines. When grinding, the workpiece rotates about its axis (15).
- the grinding work is carried out by means of a grinding tool (13) which is in the form of a ring which is driven to rotate about an axis of rotation (14), namely in the opposite direction to the rotation of the workpiece (11).
- the annular grinding tool has an abrasive coating on its inner circumference, as will be explained later with reference to FIG. 3.
- the grinding tool (13) is clamped in a holder (16) which also has an annular shape.
- This holder (16) is mounted in a stationary component (25) and driven to rotate in a manner not shown.
- a whorl could be attached to the holder (16), for example, by means of which the holder (16) with the grinding tool (13) is driven by means of a belt could.
- the axis of rotation (14) of the grinding tool (13) lies with the axis of rotation (15) of the chuck (10) and thus of the tool (11) in a common plane (Fig. 2).
- Fig. 1 As the view perpendicular to this plane (Fig. 1) shows, the two rotas tion axes (14, 15) arranged inclined to each other within this common plane. The angle of inclination is between 5 ° and 10 °.
- the stationary receptacle (25), in which the holder (16) is mounted, is held by means of a support, which enables an adjustment transverse to the axis of rotation (14) and possibly also in the longitudinal direction of the axis of rotation (14).
- the receptacle (25) so as to be pivotable and adjustable about an axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation (14), so that the angle of inclination between the axes of rotation (14 and 15) of the tool (13) and the workpiece ( 11) can be set.
- the receptacle (25) it is also possible to provide other types of clamping and driving for a workpiece, taking into account all possibilities that are known and possible with grinding machines.
- the Hal ter (16) is designed as a rotor of an electric motor, so that a direct drive is obtained.
- the receptacle (25) can then be designed as the associated stator. If necessary, a separate stator can also be provided, so that the mounting of the holder (16) is separated from the stator. 3 and 4, an embodiment is shown in which the holder (16) of an annular grinding tool (13) is designed as a rotor of an electric motor.
- the diameter of the grinding tool (13) in the area of its grinding surface (12) can be approximately 380 mm and the outer diameter of the holder (16) can be approximately 600 mm.
- the workpiece diameter should not exceed about 3/4 of the inside diameter of the ring-shaped grinding tool (13).
- the holder (16) is provided with permanent magnets (24), to which corresponding windings of the stator (21), which is only indicated, are assigned.
- the holder (16) is mounted inside the stator (21) by means of a gas bearing, which is only indicated schematically in FIG. 3.
- the holder (16) is provided with corresponding axial and radial bearing surfaces, to which only schematically indicated openings (26) of the stator (21) are assigned, via which a gas, in particular air, is supplied under excess pressure.
- the holder (16) is designed as a composite body. It consists of a base body (22) made of a metal, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy, ie of a material which has a relatively favorable ratio of strength to specific weight.
- the base body (22) is provided with axial bores lying on a circular ring, into which the permanent magnets (24) are inserted. To be sufficient To maintain strength, the base body (22) is still surrounded by a reinforcement (23).
- This reinforcement (23) consists essentially of unidirectional fibers, in particular carbon fibers, which are wound around the base body (22) and embedded in a plastic matrix.
- a plastic matrix for example, the material sold by the company Ciba-Geigy, CH-Basel, under the name CFK T 300, which is soaked in plastic, for example in epoxy, and which is wound up in multiple layers on the base body (22) in the form of threads can be used on which it hardens.
- the outer surfaces of this reinforcement (23) are ground so that they form the bearing surfaces for the gas storage.
- the proportion of fiber material in the reinforcement (22) is about 80%, while the plastic matrix makes up only about 20%.
- the grinding tool (13) shown in Fig. 3 consists of a metal ring, for example an aluminum ring, the cross section of which widens trapezoidally toward the inner circumference over approximately 1/3 of its radial length.
- a grinding surface (12) is attached to the inner circumference.
- the grinding tool (13) can roughly correspond to the cross section of a conventional grinding wheel, ie, however, in the reverse order with respect to the radial direction.
- the grinding tool (13) rests on a radial clamping surface (20) of the base body (22), on which it is held by means of filler pieces (17, 18) and egg Nes clamping ring (19) is held.
- the filler pieces (17, 18) also consist of a metal, preferably the same metal as the annular grinding tool (13), ie aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- the tensioning element (15), which is associated with an outer cone of a conical groove (27) in the base body (22), is advantageously made of a different material. It expediently has a lower modulus of elasticity. It can consist of a heavy plastic or brass or steel, for example. A relatively hard rubber is also possible, for example neoprene with a hardness of about 75 shore.
- the clamping element (19) is designed in such a way that it deforms elastically as a result of the centrifugal forces that occur and only causes the tool (13) to be braced with the clamping surface (20) via the filler pieces (17, 18) at the nominal speed.
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- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Rund- und/oder Profilschleifen mit einer Aufnahme für ein Werkstück und mit einem zu Rotation antreibbaren, einen Schleifbelag aufweisenden Werkzeug.The invention relates to a device for cylindrical and / or profile grinding with a receptacle for a workpiece and with a tool that can be driven to rotate and has a grinding surface.
Bei derartigen Vorrichtungen werden Schleifwerkzeuge in Form von Scheiben verwendet, die auf ihrem Außenumfang mit einem Schleifbelag versehen sind. Mittels derartiger Vorrichtungen ist es möglich, Werkstücke rundzuschleifen und/oder auch Profile anzuschleifen, beispielsweise in Form von Einstichen mit radialen oder konischen Schultern. Wenn dabei linke und rechte Schultern an einem Werkstück geschliffen werden sollen, so ist es in der Regel notwendig, das Werkstück umzuspannen. Ein derartiges Umspannen schließt häufig die in Gefahr einer Ungenauigkeit ein.In such devices, grinding tools in the form of disks are used, which are provided with an abrasive coating on their outer circumference. Such devices make it possible to grind workpieces round and / or to grind profiles, for example in the form of recesses with radial or conical shoulders. If you want to grind left and right shoulders on a workpiece, it is usually necessary to reclamp the workpiece. Such reclamping often includes the risk of inaccuracy.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art so auszubilden, daß der Schleifvorgang rationalisiert werden kann.The invention has for its object to design a device of the type mentioned so that the grinding process can be rationalized.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß das Schleifwerkzeug als ein Ring gestaltet ist, der auf seinem Innenumfang mit dem Schleifbelag versehen ist.This object is achieved in that the grinding tool is designed as a ring which is provided on its inner circumference with the grinding coating.
Durch die Verwendung eines derartigen Schleifwerkzeuges ergeben sich mehrere überraschende Vorteile. Zum einen ist es möglich, gegenüberliegende Schultern eines Werkstückes, sogenannte rechte und linke Schultern, mit der gleichen Einspannung zu bear beiten, insbesondere wenn die Rotationsachse des Schleifwerkzeuges zu der Rotationsachse des Werkstückes geneigt ist. Das Schleifwerkzeug kann beide Schultern erreichen, indem nur die entsprechenden Vorschübe betätigt werden und ohne daß das Werkstück umgespannt werden muß. Ein weiterer, sehr wesentlicher Vorteil besteht darin, daß sich mit dem neuartigen Schleifwerkzeug wesentlich höhere Schleifgeschwindigkeiten und damit wesentlich kürzere Bearbeitungszeiten verwirklichen lassen. Bei den herkömmlichen Schleifwerkzeugen ist die Schleifgeschwindigkeit, d.h. die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit des Schleifbelages vor allem durch die auftretenden Fliehkräfte beschränkt, die bei Überschreiten von bestimmten Drehzahlgrenzen zu einer Zerstörung des Schleifbelages führen. Bei dem neuartigen Schleifwerkzeug dagegen ist der Schleifbelag gegenüber den Fliehkräften mittels des Innenumfangs des Ringes abgestützt, so daß die auf den Schleifbelag einwirkenden Fliehkräfte praktisch keine Begrenzung mehr für die Höhe der Schleifgeschwindigkeit darstellen. Es muß lediglich dafür Sorge getragen werden, daß das ringförmige Schleifwerkzeug selbst und seine Halteelemente den bei hohen Drehzahlen auftretenden Fliehkräften standhalten.By using such a grinding tool, there are several surprising advantages. On the one hand, it is possible to bear opposite shoulders of a workpiece, so-called right and left shoulders, with the same clamping work, especially if the axis of rotation of the grinding tool is inclined to the axis of rotation of the workpiece. The grinding tool can reach both shoulders by only operating the corresponding feeds and without having to reclamp the workpiece. Another very important advantage is that the new grinding tool can achieve significantly higher grinding speeds and thus significantly shorter machining times. In the conventional grinding tools, the grinding speed, ie the peripheral speed of the grinding pad, is primarily limited by the centrifugal forces that occur, which lead to destruction of the grinding pad if certain speed limits are exceeded. In the novel grinding tool, on the other hand, the grinding pad is supported against the centrifugal forces by means of the inner circumference of the ring, so that the centrifugal forces acting on the grinding pad practically no longer represent a limitation for the amount of the grinding speed. It is only necessary to ensure that the ring-shaped grinding tool itself and its holding elements withstand the centrifugal forces which occur at high speeds.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgesehen, daß das ringförmige Schleifwerkzeug in einem ringförmigen Halter gehalten ist, der drehbar gelagert und mit einem Drehantrieb verbunden ist.In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the annular grinding tool is held in an annular holder which is rotatably mounted and is connected to a rotary drive.
Um in weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung eine möglichst kompakte Bauweise zu ermöglichen, wird vorgesehen, daß der ringförmige Halter als Rotor eines Elektromotors ausgebildet ist. Dadurch läßt sich eine raumsparende Anordnung verwirklichen.In order to enable the most compact possible construction in a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the annular holder is designed as a rotor of an electric motor. This enables a space-saving arrangement to be realized.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgesehen, daß der ringförmige Halter mittels einer Gaslagerung gelagert ist. Eine derartige Gaslagerung erlaubt sehr hohe Drehzahlen, ohne daß ein wesentlicher Verschleiß auftritt.In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the annular holder is mounted by means of a gas bearing. Such gas storage allows very high speeds without significant wear and tear.
Der Halter für das Schleifwerkzeug, der mitrotiert, ist den gleichen hohen Fliehkräften ausgesetzt, so daß er für sehr hohe Drehzahlen entsprechend ausgelegt werden muß. Um höchste Drehzahlen bei relativ großen Durchmessern für das ringförmige Schleifwerkzeug zuzulassen, wird in weiterer Ausgestaltung vorgesehen, daß der ringförmige Halter als ein Verbundkörper ausgebildet ist, der einen das Schleifwerkzeug aufnehmenden Grundkörper aus Metall und eine diesen umgebende Verstärkung aufweist. Der Grundkörper aus Metall hat im wesentlichen die Aufgabe, die Formstabilität zu gewährleisten, während die ihn umgebende Verstärkung die bei extrem hohen Drehzahlen von 10 000 min⁻¹ und mehr auftretenden Kräfte aufnehmen soll. Dabei wird in besonders vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß die Verstärkung aus in Umfangsrichtung verlaufenden Fasern gebildet ist, die in eine Matrix aus Kunststoff eingebettet sind. Hierfür eignen sich Kohlestoffasern oder auch unter dem Handelsnamen "Keflar" bekannte Filamente, die mit Kunststoff getränkt und um den Grundkörper herumgewickelt werden. Dabei wird vorgesehen, daß die Fasern dieser Verstärkungen unidirektional in Umfangsrichtung ausgerichtet sich, so daß besonders hohe Festigkeiten im Umfangsrichtung erhalten werden.The holder for the grinding tool, which also rotates, is exposed to the same high centrifugal forces, so that it must be designed accordingly for very high speeds. In order to allow the highest speeds at relatively large diameters for the ring-shaped grinding tool, it is provided in a further embodiment that the ring-shaped holder is designed as a composite body which has a base body made of metal and a reinforcement surrounding the grinding tool. The main body made of metal essentially has the task of ensuring the dimensional stability, while the reinforcement surrounding it should absorb the forces occurring at extremely high speeds of 10,000 rpm and more. It is provided in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention that the reinforcement is formed from fibers running in the circumferential direction, which are embedded in a matrix made of plastic. Suitable for this are carbon fibers or filaments known under the trade name "Keflar", which are impregnated with plastic and wrapped around the base body. It is provided that the fibers of these reinforcements are aligned unidirectionally in the circumferential direction, so that particularly high strengths are obtained in the circumferential direction.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsform und den Unteransprüchen.
- Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Schleifvorrichtung, teilweise in axialer Richtung geschnitten,
- Fig. 2 einen radialen Schnitt durch die Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3 einen axialen Schnitt durch ein ringförmiges Schleifwerkzeug und einen als Rotor eines Elektromotors ausgebildeten ringförmigen Halter für das Schleifwerkzeug und
- Fig. 4 eine Ansicht des Halters nach Fig. 3 in axialer Richtung.
- 1 shows a schematic representation of a grinding device according to the invention, partially cut in the axial direction,
- 2 shows a radial section through the device according to FIG. 1,
- Fig. 3 shows an axial section through an annular grinding tool and an annular holder designed as a rotor of an electric motor for the Grinding tool and
- Fig. 4 is a view of the holder of FIG. 3 in the axial direction.
Die In Fig. 1 nur sehr schematisch dargestellte Vorrichtung besitzt ein Futter (10), in welches ein Werkstück (11) eingespannt ist, das in seinem mittleren, einen geringeren Durchmesser aufweisenden Bereich rundzuschleifen ist, der dann nach beiden Seiten von einer ebenfalls zu schleifenden Schulter begrenzt ist. Das Futter (10) ist in nicht näher dargestellter Weise mit einem Drehantrieb und auch einem Vorschubantrieb versehen, wie dies bei Schleifmaschinen allgemein üblich ist. Beim Schleifen rotiert das Werkstück um seine Achse (15).The device shown only very schematically in FIG. 1 has a chuck (10), in which a workpiece (11) is clamped, which in its central area, which has a smaller diameter, is to be grinded, which is then to be grinded on both sides by a likewise Shoulder is limited. The chuck (10) is provided in a manner not shown with a rotary drive and also a feed drive, as is common in grinding machines. When grinding, the workpiece rotates about its axis (15).
Die Schleifarbeit wird mittels eines Schleifwerkzeuges (13) ausgeführt, das die Form eines Ringes aufweist, der um eine Rotationsachse (14) zu Rotation angetrieben ist, und zwar gegensinnig zu der Rotation des Werkstückes (11). Das ringförmige Schleifwerkzeug bestitzt an seinem Innenumfang einen Schleifbelag, wie später noch anhand von Fig. 3 erläutert ist. Das Schleifwerkzeug (13) ist in einen Halter (16) eingespannt, der ebenfalls eine ringförmige Gestalt aufweist. Dieser Halter (16) ist in einem stationären Bauteil (25) gelagert und in nicht näher dargestellter Weise zu Rotationen angetrieben. Solange mit relativ niedrigen Drehzahlen gearbeitet wird, die allerdings schon gegenüber kreisförmigen Schleifscheiben zu erhöhten Arbeitsgeschwindigkeiten führen, könnte beispielsweise an dem Halter (16) ein Wirtel angebracht werden, über den der Halter (16) mit dem Schleifwerkzeug (13) mittels eines Riemens angetrieben werden könnte.The grinding work is carried out by means of a grinding tool (13) which is in the form of a ring which is driven to rotate about an axis of rotation (14), namely in the opposite direction to the rotation of the workpiece (11). The annular grinding tool has an abrasive coating on its inner circumference, as will be explained later with reference to FIG. 3. The grinding tool (13) is clamped in a holder (16) which also has an annular shape. This holder (16) is mounted in a stationary component (25) and driven to rotate in a manner not shown. As long as work is carried out at relatively low speeds, which, however, lead to increased working speeds compared to circular grinding wheels, a whorl could be attached to the holder (16), for example, by means of which the holder (16) with the grinding tool (13) is driven by means of a belt could.
Die Rotationsachse (14) des Schleifwerkzeuges (13) liegt mit der Rotationsachse (15) des Futtes (10) und damit des Werkzeuges (11) in einer gemeinsamen Ebene (Fig. 2). Wie die Ansicht lotrecht zu dieser Ebene (Fig. 1) zeigt, sind die beiden Rota tionsachsen (14, 15) innerhalb dieser gemeinsamen Ebene zueinander geneigt angeordnet. Der Neigungswinkel beträgt zwischen 5° und 10°. Die stationäre Aufnahme (25), in welcher der Halter (16) gelagert ist, ist mittels eines Supports gehalten, der quer zur Rotationsachse (14) und gegebenenfalls auch in Längsrichtung der Rotationsachse (14) ein Verstellen ermöglicht.The axis of rotation (14) of the grinding tool (13) lies with the axis of rotation (15) of the chuck (10) and thus of the tool (11) in a common plane (Fig. 2). As the view perpendicular to this plane (Fig. 1) shows, the two rotas tion axes (14, 15) arranged inclined to each other within this common plane. The angle of inclination is between 5 ° and 10 °. The stationary receptacle (25), in which the holder (16) is mounted, is held by means of a support, which enables an adjustment transverse to the axis of rotation (14) and possibly also in the longitudinal direction of the axis of rotation (14).
Wie aus Fig. 1 zu ersehen ist, ist mit dem sich zu seinem Innenumfang in seinem Querschnitt leicht trapezförmig erweiternden Schleifwerkzeug (13) sowohl ein Rundschleifen als auch ein Schleifen von rechten und linken Schultern möglich, ohne daß die Einspannung des Werkstückes (11) geändert werden muß. Wie in Fig. 1 mit der Stellung (13′) des Schleifwerkzeuges (13) angedeutet ist, genügt es, über einen oder beide Vorschübe das Futter (10) und die Aufnahme (25) relativ zu verstellen, um diese Stellung (13′) zu erreichen. Wie aus Fig. 1 ferner zu ersehen ist, befinden sich die Arbeitsstellungen des Schleifwerkzeuges (13), d.h. die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Betriebsstellung und die Stellung (13′) bezüglich der Aufnahme (25) um 180° zueinander versetzten Stellen, so daß Toleranzen aufgefangen werden.As can be seen from FIG. 1, with the grinding tool (13) widening slightly trapezoidally in cross section to its inner circumference, both cylindrical grinding and grinding of right and left shoulders is possible without the clamping of the workpiece (11) being changed must become. As indicated in Fig. 1 with the position (13 ') of the grinding tool (13), it is sufficient to relatively adjust the chuck (10) and the receptacle (25) via one or both feeds to this position (13') to reach. As can also be seen from Fig. 1, the working positions of the grinding tool (13), i.e. the operating position shown in Fig. 1 and the position (13 ') with respect to the receptacle (25) by 180 ° to each other so that tolerances are absorbed.
In Abwandlung der dargestellten Ausführungsform ist es möglich, die Aufnahme (25) um eine lotrecht zur Rotationsachse (14) verlaufende Achse schwenkbar und einstellbar anzuordnen, so daß der Neigungswinkel zwischen den Rotationsachsen (14 und 15) des Werkzeuges (13) und des Werkstückes (11) eingestellt werden kann. Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, andere Arten von Einspannungen und Mitnahmen für ein Werkstück vorzusehen, wobei alle Möglichkeiten in Betracht kommen, die bei Schleifmaschinen bekannt und möglich sind.In a modification of the illustrated embodiment, it is possible to arrange the receptacle (25) so as to be pivotable and adjustable about an axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation (14), so that the angle of inclination between the axes of rotation (14 and 15) of the tool (13) and the workpiece ( 11) can be set. Of course, it is also possible to provide other types of clamping and driving for a workpiece, taking into account all possibilities that are known and possible with grinding machines.
Bei höheren Drehzahlen ist es zweckmäßig, wenn trotz der notwendigen Abmessungen möglichst geringe Massen für das Schleifwerkzeug und für dessen Halter (16) vorhanden sind, die angetrieben werden müssen. Es wird deshalb vorgesehen, daß der Hal ter (16) als Rotor eines Elektromotors ausgebildet ist, so daß ein Direktantrieb erhalten wird. Die Aufnahme (25) kann dann als der zugehörige Stator ausgebildet werden. Gegebenenfalls kann auch ein separater Stator vorgesehen werden, so daß die Lagerung des Halters (16) von dem Stator getrennt ist. In Fig. 3 und 4 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt, bei welchem der Halter (16) eines ringförmigen Schleifwerkzeuges (13) als Rotor eines Elektromotors ausgebildet ist. Die Darstellung erfolgt in einem etwas Vergrößerten Maßstab, wobei zu beachten ist, daß der Durchmesser des Schleifwerkzeuges (13) im Bereich seines Schleifbelages (12) etwa 380 mm und der Außendurchmesser des Halters (16) etwa 600 mm betragen kann. Der Werkstückdurchmesser sollte etwa 3/4 des Innendurchmessers des ringförmigen Schleifwerkzeuges (13) nicht überschreiten.At higher speeds, it is expedient if, despite the necessary dimensions, the smallest possible masses are available for the grinding tool and for its holder (16), which have to be driven. It is therefore envisaged that the Hal ter (16) is designed as a rotor of an electric motor, so that a direct drive is obtained. The receptacle (25) can then be designed as the associated stator. If necessary, a separate stator can also be provided, so that the mounting of the holder (16) is separated from the stator. 3 and 4, an embodiment is shown in which the holder (16) of an annular grinding tool (13) is designed as a rotor of an electric motor. The representation is made on a somewhat enlarged scale, it should be noted that the diameter of the grinding tool (13) in the area of its grinding surface (12) can be approximately 380 mm and the outer diameter of the holder (16) can be approximately 600 mm. The workpiece diameter should not exceed about 3/4 of the inside diameter of the ring-shaped grinding tool (13).
Der Halter (16) ist mit Permanentmagneten (24) versehen, denen entsprechende Wicklungen des nur angedeuteten Stators (21) zugeordnet sind. Der Halter (16) wird innerhalb des Stators (21) mittels einer Gaslagerung gelagert, die in Fig. 3 nur schematisch angedeutet ist. Der Halter (16) ist mit entsprechenden axialen und radialen Lagerflächen versehen, denen nur schematisch angedeutete Öffnungen (26) des Stators (21) zugeordnet sind, über die ein Gas, insbesondere Luft, unter Überdruck zugeführt wird.The holder (16) is provided with permanent magnets (24), to which corresponding windings of the stator (21), which is only indicated, are assigned. The holder (16) is mounted inside the stator (21) by means of a gas bearing, which is only indicated schematically in FIG. 3. The holder (16) is provided with corresponding axial and radial bearing surfaces, to which only schematically indicated openings (26) of the stator (21) are assigned, via which a gas, in particular air, is supplied under excess pressure.
Um einen Halter (16) zu schaffen, der trotz der relative großen Abmessungen auch noch bei den angestrebten sehr hohen Drehzahlen von 10 000 min⁻¹ und mehr den auftretenden Fliehkräften standhält, ist der Halter (16) als ein Verbundkörper ausgebildet. Er besteht aus einem Grundkörper (22) aus einem Metall, insbesondere aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung, d.h. aus einem Material, das ein relativ günstiges Verhältnis von Festigkeit zu spezifischem Gewicht aufweist. Bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform ist der Grundkörper (22) mit auf einem Kreisring liegenden axialen Bohrungen versehen, in welche die Permanentmagneten (24) eingesetzt sind. Um eine ausreichende Festigkeit zu erhalten, ist der Grundkörper (22) noch mit einer Verstärkung (23) umgeben. Diese Verstärkung (23) besteht im wesentlichen aus unidirektionalen Fasern, insbesondere Karbonfasern, die um den Grundkörper (22) herumgewickelt und in eine Kunststoffmatrix eingebettet sind. Beispielsweise kann hierfür das von der Firma Ciba-Geigy, CH-Basel, unter dem Namen CFK T 300 vertriebene Material verwendet werden, das in Kunststoff getränkt ist, beispielsweise in Epoxi und das in Form von Fäden mehrlagig auf den Grundkörper (22) aufgewickelt wird, auf welchem es aushärtet. Die Außenflächen dieser Verstärkung (23) werden geschliffen, so daß sie die Lagerflächen für die Gaslagerung bilden. Der Anteil an Fasermaterial in der Verstärkung (22) beträgt etwa 80%, während die Kunststoffmatrix nur etwa 20% ausmacht.In order to create a holder (16) which, despite the relatively large dimensions, can withstand the centrifugal forces which occur even at the desired very high speeds of 10,000 rpm and more, the holder (16) is designed as a composite body. It consists of a base body (22) made of a metal, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy, ie of a material which has a relatively favorable ratio of strength to specific weight. In the embodiment shown, the base body (22) is provided with axial bores lying on a circular ring, into which the permanent magnets (24) are inserted. To be sufficient To maintain strength, the base body (22) is still surrounded by a reinforcement (23). This reinforcement (23) consists essentially of unidirectional fibers, in particular carbon fibers, which are wound around the base body (22) and embedded in a plastic matrix. For example, the material sold by the company Ciba-Geigy, CH-Basel, under the name CFK T 300, which is soaked in plastic, for example in epoxy, and which is wound up in multiple layers on the base body (22) in the form of threads can be used on which it hardens. The outer surfaces of this reinforcement (23) are ground so that they form the bearing surfaces for the gas storage. The proportion of fiber material in the reinforcement (22) is about 80%, while the plastic matrix makes up only about 20%.
Im Abwandlung der dargestellten Ausführungsform ist es auch möglich, Permanentmagneten in anderer Weise an dem Halter (16) anzubringen, beispielsweise diese auf dem Außenumfang des Grundkörpers (22) unter Zwischenfügen von Füllstücken anzuordnen und mittels der anschließend aufgebrachten Verstärkung (23) zu halten. Ebenso ist es möglich, diese Permanentmagneten innerhalb der Vertstärkung (23) anzuordnen, wobei unter Umständen vorgesehen werden kann, daß ein Permantentmagnetmaterial in pulverförmiger Form in vorgegebener Weise bei dem Aufwickeln der Verstärkung (23) in vorgegebener Weise zugeführt wird.In a modification of the illustrated embodiment, it is also possible to attach permanent magnets to the holder (16) in a different manner, for example to arrange them on the outer circumference of the base body (22) with filler pieces in between and to hold them by means of the reinforcement (23) subsequently applied. It is also possible to arrange these permanent magnets within the reinforcement (23), it being possible under certain circumstances to supply a permanent magnet material in powder form in a predetermined manner when the reinforcement (23) is wound up in a predetermined manner.
Das in Fig. 3 dargestellte Schleifwerkzeug (13) besteht aus einem Metallring, beispielsweise einem Aluminiumring, dessen Querschnitt sich über etwa 1/3 seiner radialen Länge zum Innenumfang hin trapezförmig aufweitet. An dem Innenumfang ist ein Schleifbelag (12) angebracht. Wie aus Fig. 3 zu ersehen ist, kann das Schleifwerkzeug (13) in etwa dem Querschnitt einer üblichen Schleifscheibe entsprechen, d.h. allerdings in umgekehrter Anordnung bezüglich der radialen Richtung. Das Schleifwerkzeug (13) liegt an einer radialen Spannfläche (20) des Grundkörpers (22) an, an der es mittels Füllstücken (17, 18) und ei nes Spannringes (19) gehalten wird. Die Füllstücke (17, 18) bestehen ebenfalls aus einem Metall, vorzugsweise dem gleichen Metall wie das ringförmige Schleifwerkzeug (13), d.h. Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung. Das Spannelement (15), das mit einem Außenkonus einer kegelförmigen Nut (27) des Grundkörpers (22) zugeordnet ist, besteht zweckmäßigerweise aus einem anderen Material. Zweckmäßigerweise hat es einen niedrigeren Elastizitätsmodul. Es kann beispielsweise aus einem schweren Kunststoff oder Messing oder auch Stahl bestehen. In Frage kommt auch ein relativ harter Gummi, beispielsweise ein Neopren mit einer Härte von etwa 75 shore. Das Spannelement (19) wird so ausgelegt, daß es sich in Folge der auftretenden Fliehkräfte elastisch verformt und erst bei der Nenndrehzahl eine Verspannung des Werkzeuges (13) mit der Spannfläche (20) über die Füllstücke (17, 18) bewirkt.The grinding tool (13) shown in Fig. 3 consists of a metal ring, for example an aluminum ring, the cross section of which widens trapezoidally toward the inner circumference over approximately 1/3 of its radial length. A grinding surface (12) is attached to the inner circumference. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the grinding tool (13) can roughly correspond to the cross section of a conventional grinding wheel, ie, however, in the reverse order with respect to the radial direction. The grinding tool (13) rests on a radial clamping surface (20) of the base body (22), on which it is held by means of filler pieces (17, 18) and egg Nes clamping ring (19) is held. The filler pieces (17, 18) also consist of a metal, preferably the same metal as the annular grinding tool (13), ie aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The tensioning element (15), which is associated with an outer cone of a conical groove (27) in the base body (22), is advantageously made of a different material. It expediently has a lower modulus of elasticity. It can consist of a heavy plastic or brass or steel, for example. A relatively hard rubber is also possible, for example neoprene with a hardness of about 75 shore. The clamping element (19) is designed in such a way that it deforms elastically as a result of the centrifugal forces that occur and only causes the tool (13) to be braced with the clamping surface (20) via the filler pieces (17, 18) at the nominal speed.
Claims (13)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3802792 | 1988-01-30 | ||
DE3802792A DE3802792A1 (en) | 1988-01-30 | 1988-01-30 | DEVICE FOR ROUND AND / OR PROFILE GRINDING |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0326703A1 true EP0326703A1 (en) | 1989-08-09 |
Family
ID=6346322
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88121356A Withdrawn EP0326703A1 (en) | 1988-01-30 | 1988-12-21 | Device for cylindrical and/or profile grinding |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5074078A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0326703A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH01216758A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3802792A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1884315A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2008-02-06 | Supfina Grieshaber GmbH & Co. KG | Tool, apparatus and method for the manufacturung of a workpiece, especially of a worm gear |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040035162A1 (en) * | 1999-02-05 | 2004-02-26 | Williams Richard Henry | Fertiliser |
US9550272B2 (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2017-01-24 | Rem Technologies, Inc. | Magnetic fixture |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1169804B (en) * | 1960-05-17 | 1964-05-06 | Karl Wilhelm Dressendoerfer | Device for external cylindrical grinding of crankshafts and eccentric shafts |
US4023311A (en) * | 1974-04-11 | 1977-05-17 | Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft | Device for fine honing crankshafts |
DE3132560A1 (en) * | 1981-08-18 | 1983-03-03 | GFM Gesellschaft für Fertigungstechnik und Maschinenbau GmbH, 4403 Steyr | "Method and machine tool for round machining of eccentric shaft cross-sections, in particular crankshaft crankpins" |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1963448A (en) * | 1932-01-11 | 1934-06-19 | Danta Boyd | Sanding machine drum |
US2173555A (en) * | 1936-10-05 | 1939-09-19 | Franz Forg | Grinding disk |
US2683635A (en) * | 1949-11-12 | 1954-07-13 | Roy M Wilcox | Air bearing |
US2893292A (en) * | 1957-12-26 | 1959-07-07 | Joseph W Naperola | Device for removing the excess welding bead from the exterior surface of welded seamtubing |
US3094822A (en) * | 1960-11-14 | 1963-06-25 | Charles T Breitenstein | Spiral grinding fixture |
US3039235A (en) * | 1961-01-31 | 1962-06-19 | Hamco Mach & Elect Co | Cutting apparatus |
US3143382A (en) * | 1961-06-06 | 1964-08-04 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Aerodynamic bearing |
US3175548A (en) * | 1964-05-14 | 1965-03-30 | Shirley I Weiss | Cutting wheel holders |
US3491742A (en) * | 1967-05-19 | 1970-01-27 | Shirley I Weiss | Annular cutting blades |
US3599377A (en) * | 1968-07-22 | 1971-08-17 | Bausch & Lomb | Lens alignment using gas bearings |
DE2231226C2 (en) * | 1972-06-26 | 1978-11-02 | Dr. Reutlinger & Soehne, 6100 Darmstadt | Device for machining unbalance compensation on rotating bodies |
US3964349A (en) * | 1975-01-13 | 1976-06-22 | Von Arnauld Corporation | Method and apparatus for grinding the teeth of a circular saw to an improved contour |
-
1988
- 1988-01-30 DE DE3802792A patent/DE3802792A1/en active Granted
- 1988-12-21 EP EP88121356A patent/EP0326703A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-01-12 JP JP1003888A patent/JPH01216758A/en active Pending
-
1991
- 1991-01-15 US US07/641,334 patent/US5074078A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1169804B (en) * | 1960-05-17 | 1964-05-06 | Karl Wilhelm Dressendoerfer | Device for external cylindrical grinding of crankshafts and eccentric shafts |
US4023311A (en) * | 1974-04-11 | 1977-05-17 | Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft | Device for fine honing crankshafts |
DE3132560A1 (en) * | 1981-08-18 | 1983-03-03 | GFM Gesellschaft für Fertigungstechnik und Maschinenbau GmbH, 4403 Steyr | "Method and machine tool for round machining of eccentric shaft cross-sections, in particular crankshaft crankpins" |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1884315A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2008-02-06 | Supfina Grieshaber GmbH & Co. KG | Tool, apparatus and method for the manufacturung of a workpiece, especially of a worm gear |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH01216758A (en) | 1989-08-30 |
DE3802792A1 (en) | 1989-08-17 |
DE3802792C2 (en) | 1991-12-19 |
US5074078A (en) | 1991-12-24 |
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