EP0324667A1 - Electron collector for an electron tube - Google Patents

Electron collector for an electron tube Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0324667A1
EP0324667A1 EP89400031A EP89400031A EP0324667A1 EP 0324667 A1 EP0324667 A1 EP 0324667A1 EP 89400031 A EP89400031 A EP 89400031A EP 89400031 A EP89400031 A EP 89400031A EP 0324667 A1 EP0324667 A1 EP 0324667A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
collector
winding
collector according
electron
component
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EP89400031A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0324667B1 (en
Inventor
Georges Mourier
Georges Faillon
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/027—Collectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electron collector for an electronic tube. It finds an application in the production of microwave tubes such as gyrotrons, klystrons, traveling wave tubes, etc.
  • a gyrotron is a microwave generator whose structure is shown schematically in Figure 1. This structure includes an electron gun 10, a magnetic compression section 12, a cavity 14 and a collector 16 also serving as an output guide.
  • a solenoid (not shown) creates a magnetic field 20 giving the electrons emitted by the gun helical trajectories 22.
  • the end part 16 comprises a metal wall 23, responsible for collecting the electrons at their exit from the tube. This collection is carried out on an annular sector 24.
  • Such a sector can have, for example, 10 cm in diameter and 10 cm in height.
  • the power density dissipated in this sector will be 6.37 kW / cm2.
  • the object of the present invention is precisely to remedy this drawback. To this end, it proposes a device which makes it possible to spread the impact zone of the electrons along the collecting wall and thus to reduce the density of dissipated power.
  • the magnetic field can be obtained by any means and, for example, by a winding having a number of turns per unit of length which decreases along the collector in the direction of movement of the electrons.
  • Such a winding can be tapered.
  • the spatial spread effect obtained can be combined with a periodic sweep effect.
  • the current flowing through the winding can be formed of a continuous component and a periodic variable component.
  • variable component has the form of a triangular signal.
  • the device of the invention can be used for all electronic power tubes such as klystrons, traveling wave tubes, etc. It is however particularly well suited to the gyrotron because, in this case, the electron beam fills a tube which, on the one hand, has a thin thickness and, on the other hand, cannot be modified at will since at the same time forms the output waveguide.
  • the collector shown in Figure 2 is disposed at the end of a gyrotron of which only the main winding 32 is seen.
  • the collector comprises a conductive wall 34, of slightly flared shape.
  • the guide thus formed is closed by a window 35 transparent to the generated wave.
  • this wall is arranged in a coil 36 which, in the example illustrated, is unique and has the shape of a truncated cone.
  • This coil creates a slightly decreasing magnetic field when moving away from the tube (i.e. to the right in Figure 2).
  • the induction lines 37 are therefore slightly divergent to the right. To the left, they connect to the induction lines of the main winding 32.
  • the electrons of the beam 38 will wind around these lines; the beam will flare weakly and strike the wall 23 almost tangentially.
  • the impact zone 40 is then extended and the power density dissipated reduced.
  • the current I circulating in the winding 36 has a continuous component Io and a periodic variable component I1, as shown in FIG. 3, we will also obtain a scan of the impact zone, at the rate of the periodic component . Thus, a large part (or even all) of the inner face of the wall 23 will collect the electrons, which further reduces the average density of dissipated power.
  • the component I1 has the shape of a triangular signal of period T. But other shapes are naturally possible (sawtooth or sinusoid).
  • the penetration or exit time of the magnetic field in a collector of thickness d is of the order of 1/140 ⁇ d seconds or d is expressed in cm. Likewise, for heat, the crossing time is around ⁇ d seconds.
  • T 0.1 seconds, which corresponds to a scanning frequency of 10 Hz. During this period T, the magnetic field can enter and leave the collector, while the wall will be more or less constant over time.
  • the invention makes it possible, by adding the winding, to spread the beam over a larger collector surface and therefore to reduce the power or heat density. This is what is shown in Figures 4 and 5.
  • FIG. 4 schematically represents a collector 34 adapted to a klystron (part a ) with electron beams referenced F1, F2 and the power density dissipated P, expressed for example in kW / cm2, along the collector (part b ).
  • FIG. 4 corresponds to the case where the beam is not modulated by the high frequency; in other words, the klystron functions as a "diode", an unexcited input cavity. This may be the case during the start-up of an installation, at certain times in the cycle of a scientific machine (synchrotron, plasma, ...), of a telecommunications transmitter working at low speed (low number of communications ). If, on the contrary, the electron beam is modulated, the impact zone already scans at the rate of the modulation frequency, a more or less large area of the collector.
  • the invention makes it possible to go even further, as illustrated in FIG. 5 and to further spread the zones Z1 and Z2 (in dotted lines), in wide zones Z′1 and Z′2 (in continuous train). It is then possible to produce very powerful tubes, avoiding the problems mentioned above or to produce tubes of more modest power but with small collectors.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a collector according to the invention, in the case of a klystron.
  • the latter comprises an outlet cavity 50 with two sliding tubes 52, 54, an outlet iris 56 and an outlet wave guide 58.
  • the collector 60 is separated from the klystron by a plate 61. It comprises a conductive wall 62 surrounded by two coils 66 and 68 whose shape is capable of creating a divergent field. These coils are supplied in phase or out of phase.
  • Cooling means include an inlet for coolant 72, water for example, a sealed enclosure 73 in the form of a baffle, and an outlet 74.
  • a possible electrical supply circuit for supplying a device with several coils is shown in FIG. 7.
  • a single or three-phase sector 80 supplies a rectifier 82 and a synchronization and control generator 84.
  • Single-phase inverters 86-1, 86 -2, ..., 86-n receive a DC supply voltage from rectifier 82 and a synchronization signal from the generator 84. They deliver voltages V1, V2, ..., Vn comprising an AC component phase shifted from one inverter to the next. These voltages are applied to the n coils of a collector according to the invention.

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  • Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, la paroi conductrice (23) chargée de collecter les électrons est entourée d'un enroulement (36) créant un champ magnétique (37) lentement divergent. Les trajectoires électroniques sont couchées et la zone d'impact (40) se trouve étalée le long du collecteur. Application à la réalisation de tubes de forte puissance ou de tubes à collecteurs de dimensions réduites.According to the invention, the conductive wall (23) responsible for collecting the electrons is surrounded by a winding (36) creating a slowly diverging magnetic field (37). The electronic paths are laid down and the impact zone (40) is spread out along the collector. Application to the production of high power tubes or tubes with reduced manifolds.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un collecteur d'électrons pour tube électronique. Elle trouve une application dans la réalisation de tubes hyperfréquences du genre gyrotrons, klystrons, tubes à ondes progressives, etc.The present invention relates to an electron collector for an electronic tube. It finds an application in the production of microwave tubes such as gyrotrons, klystrons, traveling wave tubes, etc.

Un gyrotron est un générateur d'ondes hyperfréquences dont la structure est représentée schématiquement sur la figure 1. Cette structure comprend un canon à électrons 10, une section 12 de compression magnétique, une cavité 14 et un collecteur 16 servant également de guide de sortie.A gyrotron is a microwave generator whose structure is shown schematically in Figure 1. This structure includes an electron gun 10, a magnetic compression section 12, a cavity 14 and a collector 16 also serving as an output guide.

Un solénoïde (non représenté) crée un champ magnétique 20 donnant aux électrons émis par le canon des trajectoires hélicoïdales 22.A solenoid (not shown) creates a magnetic field 20 giving the electrons emitted by the gun helical trajectories 22.

La partie extrême 16 comprend une paroi métallique 23, chargée de collecter les électrons à leur sortie du tube. Cette collection s'effectue sur un secteur annulaire 24. Un tel secteur peut avoir, par exemple, 10 cm de diamètre et 10 cm de hauteur. Pour un faisceau d'électrons transportant une puissance de 2MW, la densité de puissance dissipée dans ce secteur sera de 6,37 kW/cm².The end part 16 comprises a metal wall 23, responsible for collecting the electrons at their exit from the tube. This collection is carried out on an annular sector 24. Such a sector can have, for example, 10 cm in diameter and 10 cm in height. For an electron beam carrying a power of 2 MW, the power density dissipated in this sector will be 6.37 kW / cm².

Une telle densité est considérable. Elle nécessite donc un refroidissement énergique de la paroi. Ce refroidissement est obtenu en général par une circulation d'eau, à l'aide d'une installation volumineuse et encombrante.Such density is considerable. It therefore requires vigorous cooling of the wall. This cooling is generally obtained by circulating water, using a bulky and bulky installation.

La présente invention a justement pour but de remédier à cet inconvénient. A cette fin, elle propose un dispositif qui permet d'étaler la zone d'impact des électrons le long de la paroi collectrice et de réduire ainsi la densité de puissance dissipée.The object of the present invention is precisely to remedy this drawback. To this end, it proposes a device which makes it possible to spread the impact zone of the electrons along the collecting wall and thus to reduce the density of dissipated power.

Ce résultat est obtenu en créant, dans le volume limité par la paroi collectrice, un champ magnétique faiblement divergent dans le sens de déplacement du faisceau d'électrons. Un tel champ a pour effet de coucher les trajectoires des électrons pour les rendre quasi parallèles à la paroi. La zone d'impact se trouve alors considérablement allongée.This result is obtained by creating, in the volume limited by the collecting wall, a slightly divergent magnetic field in the direction of movement of the electron beam. A such a field has the effect of laying down the trajectories of the electrons to make them almost parallel to the wall. The impact zone is then considerably elongated.

Le champ magnétique peut être obtenu par tout moyen et, par exemple, par un enroulement ayant un nombre de tours par unité de longueur qui décroît le long du collecteur dans le sens de déplacement des électrons.The magnetic field can be obtained by any means and, for example, by a winding having a number of turns per unit of length which decreases along the collector in the direction of movement of the electrons.

Un tel enroulement peut être tronconique. Mais on peut utiliser également une bobine cylindrique coaxiale à une bobine conique ; ou encore une juxtaposition de bobines de même diamètre intérieur mais de diamètre extérieur décroissant, etc.Such a winding can be tapered. However, it is also possible to use a cylindrical coil coaxial with a conical coil; or a juxtaposition of coils of the same internal diameter but of decreasing external diameter, etc.

L'effet d'etalement spatial obtenu peut être combiné à un effet de balayage périodique. A cette fin, le courant parcourant l'enroulement peut être formé d'une composante continue et d'une composante variable périodique.The spatial spread effect obtained can be combined with a periodic sweep effect. To this end, the current flowing through the winding can be formed of a continuous component and a periodic variable component.

De préférence, la composante variable a la forme d'un signal triangulaire.Preferably, the variable component has the form of a triangular signal.

Le dispositif de l'invention peut être utilisé pour tous les tubes électroniques de puissance tels que les klystrons, les tubes à ondes progressives, etc. Il est cependant particulièrement bien adapté au gyrotron parce que, dans ce cas, le faisceau d'électrons remplit un tube qui, d'une part, présente une épaisseur mince et, d'autre part, ne peut être modifié à volonté puisqu'il forme en même temps le guide d'ondes de sortie.The device of the invention can be used for all electronic power tubes such as klystrons, traveling wave tubes, etc. It is however particularly well suited to the gyrotron because, in this case, the electron beam fills a tube which, on the one hand, has a thin thickness and, on the other hand, cannot be modified at will since at the same time forms the output waveguide.

De toute façon, les caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront mieux à la lumière de la description qui va suivre. Cette description se rapporte à des exemples de réalisation donnés à titre explicatif et non limitatif. Elle se réfère à des dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • - la figure 1, déjà décrite, représente un gyrotron selon l'art antérieur,
  • - la figure 2, représente, en coupe, un collecteur selon l'invention, dans une variante adaptée au gyrotron,
  • - la figure 3 montre les variations du courant d'alimentation d'un enroulement,
  • - la figure 4 montre un collecteur selon l'invention, dans une variante adaptée à un klystron à faisceau non modulé,
  • - la figure 5 montre un collecteur selon l'invention, dans une variante adaptée à un klystron à faisceau modulé,
  • - la figure 6 illustre une variante à deux bobines,
  • - la figure 7 est un exemple de circuit d'alimentation d'un dispositif à plusieurs bobines.
In any case, the characteristics of the invention will appear better in the light of the description which follows. This description relates to exemplary embodiments given by way of explanation and without limitation. It refers to attached drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1, already described, represents a gyrotron according to the prior art,
  • FIG. 2 represents, in section, a collector according to the invention, in a variant adapted to the gyrotron,
  • FIG. 3 shows the variations in the supply current of a winding,
  • FIG. 4 shows a collector according to the invention, in a variant adapted to a klystron with an unmodulated beam,
  • FIG. 5 shows a collector according to the invention, in a variant adapted to a modulated beam klystron,
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a variant with two coils,
  • - Figure 7 is an example of a supply circuit of a device with several coils.

Le collecteur représenté sur la figure 2 est disposé à l'extrémité d'un gyrotron dont on ne voit que l'enroulement principal 32. Le collecteur comprend une paroi conductrice 34, de forme légèrement évasée. Le guide ainsi constitué est fermé par une fenêtre 35 transparente à l'onde engendrée. Selon l'invention, cette paroi est disposée dans une bobine 36 qui, dans l'exemple illustré, est unique et présente la forme d'un tronc de cône. Cette bobine crée un champ magnétique légèrement décroissant lorsqu'on s'éloigne du tube (c'est-à-dire vers la droite sur la figure 2). Les lignes d'induction 37 sont donc légèrement divergentes vers la droite. Vers le gauche, elles se raccordent aux lignes d'induction de l'enroulement principal 32.The collector shown in Figure 2 is disposed at the end of a gyrotron of which only the main winding 32 is seen. The collector comprises a conductive wall 34, of slightly flared shape. The guide thus formed is closed by a window 35 transparent to the generated wave. According to the invention, this wall is arranged in a coil 36 which, in the example illustrated, is unique and has the shape of a truncated cone. This coil creates a slightly decreasing magnetic field when moving away from the tube (i.e. to the right in Figure 2). The induction lines 37 are therefore slightly divergent to the right. To the left, they connect to the induction lines of the main winding 32.

Dans ces conditions, les électrons du faisceau 38 vont s'enrouler autour de ces lignes ; le faisceau va s'évaser faiblement et venir frapper la paroi 23 de manière quasi tangentielle. La zone d'impact 40 se trouve alors allongée et la densité de puissance dissipée diminuée.Under these conditions, the electrons of the beam 38 will wind around these lines; the beam will flare weakly and strike the wall 23 almost tangentially. The impact zone 40 is then extended and the power density dissipated reduced.

Si le courant I circulant dans l'enroulement 36 présente une composante continue Io et une composante variable périodique I1, comme représenté sur la figure 3, on obtiendra, en outre, un balayage de la zone d'impact, au rythme de la composante périodique. Ainsi, une grande partie (voire la totalité) de la face intérieure da la paroi 23 collectera les électrons, ce qui réduit encore la densité moyenne de puissance dissipée.If the current I circulating in the winding 36 has a continuous component Io and a periodic variable component I1, as shown in FIG. 3, we will also obtain a scan of the impact zone, at the rate of the periodic component . Thus, a large part (or even all) of the inner face of the wall 23 will collect the electrons, which further reduces the average density of dissipated power.

Sur la figure 3, la composante I1 présente la forme d'un signal triangulaire de période T. Mais d'autres formes sont naturellement possibles (en dents de scie ou en sinusoïde).In FIG. 3, the component I1 has the shape of a triangular signal of period T. But other shapes are naturally possible (sawtooth or sinusoid).

Le temps de pénétration ou de sortie du champ magnétique dans un collecteur d'épaisseur d est de l'ordre de 1/140 √d secondes ou d est exprimé en cm. De même, pour la chaleur, le temps de traversée est de l'ordre de √d secondes.The penetration or exit time of the magnetic field in a collector of thickness d is of the order of 1/140 √d seconds or d is expressed in cm. Likewise, for heat, the crossing time is around √d seconds.

Pour un collecteur de 1 cm d'épaisseur, on pourra prendre T=0,1 seconde, ce qui correspond à une fréquence de balayage de 10 Hz. Pendant cette durée T, le champ magnétique pourra entrer et sortir du collecteur, tandis que la paroi sera refroidie de manière à peu près constante dans le temps.For a collector 1 cm thick, we can take T = 0.1 seconds, which corresponds to a scanning frequency of 10 Hz. During this period T, the magnetic field can enter and leave the collector, while the wall will be more or less constant over time.

Dans le collecteur d'un tube du genre klystron, le faisceau diverge plus brutalement que dans un gyrotron. Mais le problème reste le même, en ce sens qu'à certains endroits, les densités de puissance peuvent être très importantes et dépasser 1 kW/cm² en continu ou en moyenne. Cette situation risque de limiter la durée de vie du tube (grossissement des cristaux, dégazages, fusion, ...) en supposant un refroidissement raisonnablement efficace (eau avec une vitesse de plusieurs mètres par seconde, hypervapotron avec une vitesse de l'ordre du mètre par seconde, etc.).In the collector of a tube of the kind klystron, the beam diverges more brutally than in a gyrotron. But the problem remains the same, in that in certain places, the power densities can be very high and exceed 1 kW / cm² continuously or on average. This situation risks limiting the life of the tube (magnification of the crystals, degassing, fusion, ...) assuming a reasonably effective cooling (water with a speed of several meters per second, hypervapotron with a speed of the order of meter per second, etc.).

Sur beaucoup de tubes hyperfréquences, cette densité et, donc, ce risque, sont réduits par l'accroissement du diamètre du collecteur. Mais, bien entendu, sur des klystrons de grande dimension on se heurte vite à des contraintes d'encombrement.On many microwave tubes, this density and, therefore, this risk, are reduced by increasing the diameter of the collector. But, of course, on large klystrons we quickly come up against space constraints.

L'invention permet, par l'adjonction de l'enroulement, d'étaler le faisceau sur une plus grande surface de collecteur et donc de réduire la densité de puissance ou de chaleur. C'est ce qui est représenté sur les figures 4 et 5.The invention makes it possible, by adding the winding, to spread the beam over a larger collector surface and therefore to reduce the power or heat density. This is what is shown in Figures 4 and 5.

La figure 4 représente, de manière schématique, un collecteur 34 adapté à un klystron (partie a) avec des faisceaux d'électrons référencés F1, F2 et la densité de puissance dissipée P, exprimée par exemple en kW/cm², le long du collecteur (partie b).FIG. 4 schematically represents a collector 34 adapted to a klystron (part a ) with electron beams referenced F1, F2 and the power density dissipated P, expressed for example in kW / cm², along the collector (part b ).

Les pointes Z1 et Z2 qui apparaissent sur la courbe en trait pointillé de la partie b correspondent à l'art antérieur. Elles disparaissent ou sont fortement estompées dans l'invention pour laisser place à des zones Z′1 et Z′2 représentées en trait continu.The points Z1 and Z2 which appear on the curve in dotted lines in part b correspond to the prior art. They disappear or are greatly reduced in the invention to make room for zones Z′1 and Z′2 shown in solid lines.

La figure 4 correspond au cas où le faisceau n'est pas modulé par la haute fréquence ; en d'autres termes le klystron fonctionne en "diode", cavité d'entrée non excitée. Ce peut être le cas lors de la mise en route d'une installation, à certains moments du cycle d'une machine scientifique (synchrotron, plasma, ...), d'un émetteur de télécommunications travaillant à faible régime (faible nombre des communications...). Si, au contraire, le faisceau d'électrons est modulé, la zone d'impact balaye déjà au rythme de la fréquence de modulation, une surface plus ou moins importante du collecteur. L'invention permet d'aller encore plus loin, comme illustré sur la figure 5 et d'étaler encore les zones Z1 et Z2 (en pointillé), en zones larges Z′1 et Z′2 (en train continu). Il est alors possible de réaliser des tubes très puissants, en évitant les problèmes évoqués plus haut ou de réaliser des tubes de puissance plus modeste mais avec des collecteurs de faibles dimensions.FIG. 4 corresponds to the case where the beam is not modulated by the high frequency; in other words, the klystron functions as a "diode", an unexcited input cavity. This may be the case during the start-up of an installation, at certain times in the cycle of a scientific machine (synchrotron, plasma, ...), of a telecommunications transmitter working at low speed (low number of communications ...). If, on the contrary, the electron beam is modulated, the impact zone already scans at the rate of the modulation frequency, a more or less large area of the collector. The invention makes it possible to go even further, as illustrated in FIG. 5 and to further spread the zones Z1 and Z2 (in dotted lines), in wide zones Z′1 and Z′2 (in continuous train). It is then possible to produce very powerful tubes, avoiding the problems mentioned above or to produce tubes of more modest power but with small collectors.

La figure 6 illustre un exemple de réalisation d'un collecteur selon l'invention, dans le cas d'un klystron. Ce dernier comprend une cavité de sortie 50 avec deux tubes de glissement 52, 54, un iris de sortie 56 et un guide d'onde de sortie 58. Le collecteur 60 est séparé du klystron par une plaque 61. Il comprend une paroi conductrice 62 entourée de deux bobines 66 et 68 dont la forme est apte à créer un champ divergent. Ces bobines sont alimentées en phase ou de manière déphasée. Des moyens de refroidissement comprennent une entrée de liquide réfrigérant 72, de l'eau par exemple, une enceinte étanche 73 en forme de chicane, et une sortie 74.FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a collector according to the invention, in the case of a klystron. The latter comprises an outlet cavity 50 with two sliding tubes 52, 54, an outlet iris 56 and an outlet wave guide 58. The collector 60 is separated from the klystron by a plate 61. It comprises a conductive wall 62 surrounded by two coils 66 and 68 whose shape is capable of creating a divergent field. These coils are supplied in phase or out of phase. Cooling means include an inlet for coolant 72, water for example, a sealed enclosure 73 in the form of a baffle, and an outlet 74.

Un circuit d'alimentation électrique possible pour alimenter un dispositif à plusieurs bobines est représenté sur la figure 7. Un secteur mono- ou triphasé 80 alimente un redresseur 82 et un générateur de synchronisation et de commande 84. Des ondulateurs monophasés 86-1, 86-2, ..., 86-n reçoivent une tension continue d'alimentation provenant du redresseur 82 et un signal de synchronisation provenant du générateur 84. Ils délivrent des tensions V1, V2, ..., Vn comprenant une composante alternative déphasée d'un ondulateur au suivant. Ces tensions sont appliquées aux n bobines d'un collecteur selon l'invention.A possible electrical supply circuit for supplying a device with several coils is shown in FIG. 7. A single or three-phase sector 80 supplies a rectifier 82 and a synchronization and control generator 84. Single-phase inverters 86-1, 86 -2, ..., 86-n receive a DC supply voltage from rectifier 82 and a synchronization signal from the generator 84. They deliver voltages V1, V2, ..., Vn comprising an AC component phase shifted from one inverter to the next. These voltages are applied to the n coils of a collector according to the invention.

Claims (7)

1. Collecteur d'électrons pour tube électronique, ce collecteur comprenant une paroi conductrice (23) destinée à recevoir sur sa face intérieure en faisceau d'électrons (22) issu du tube (10, 12, 14) sur une zone d'impact en forme de secteur annulaire (24), ce collecteur étant caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend en outre, autour de la paroi (23), au moins un enroulement (36) coaxial à la paroi et parcouru par un courant, cet enroulement étant apte à créer un champ magnétique (37) faiblement divergent dans le sons de déplacement du faisceau d'électrons.1. Electron collector for electronic tube, this collector comprising a conductive wall (23) intended to receive on its inner face in an electron beam (22) coming from the tube (10, 12, 14) on an impact zone in the form of an annular sector (24), this collector being characterized in that it further comprises, around the wall (23), at least one winding (36) coaxial with the wall and traversed by a current, this winding being able to create a slightly divergent magnetic field (37) in the sounds of movement of the electron beam. 2. Collecteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'enroulement (36) comprend un nombre de tours par unité de longueur qui décroît le long du collecteur dans le sens de déplacement des électrons.2. Collector according to claim 1, characterized in that the winding (36) comprises a number of turns per unit of length which decreases along the collector in the direction of movement of the electrons. 3. Collecteur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'enroulement (36) est de forme tronconique.3. Collector according to claim 2, characterized in that the winding (36) is of frustoconical shape. 4. Collecteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la courant parcourant l'enroulement (36) comprend une composante continue (Io) et une composante variable périodique (I1).4. Collector according to claim 1, characterized in that the current flowing through the winding (36) comprises a continuous component (Io) and a periodic variable component (I1). 5. Collecteur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que la composante variable (I1) a la forme d'un signal triangulaire.5. Collector according to claim 4, characterized in that the variable component (I1) has the form of a triangular signal. 6. Collecteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'enroulement est constitué par un jeu de plusieurs bobines (66, 68) juxtaposées.6. Collector according to claim 1, characterized in that the winding is constituted by a set of several coils (66, 68) juxtaposed. 7. Collecteur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que les bobines sont alimentées par un courant ayant une composante continue superposée à une composante alternative, cette dernière étant déphasée d'une bobine à la suivante.7. Collector according to claim 6, characterized in that the coils are supplied by a current having a DC component superimposed on an AC component, the latter being phase shifted from one coil to the next.
EP89400031A 1988-01-13 1989-01-05 Electron collector for an electron tube Expired - Lifetime EP0324667B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8800299A FR2625836B1 (en) 1988-01-13 1988-01-13 ELECTRON COLLECTOR FOR ELECTRONIC TUBE
FR8800299 1988-01-13

Publications (2)

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EP0324667A1 true EP0324667A1 (en) 1989-07-19
EP0324667B1 EP0324667B1 (en) 1994-09-21

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EP89400031A Expired - Lifetime EP0324667B1 (en) 1988-01-13 1989-01-05 Electron collector for an electron tube

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US (1) US4933594A (en)
EP (1) EP0324667B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2895083B2 (en)
DE (2) DE68918295T4 (en)
FR (1) FR2625836B1 (en)

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FR2659492A1 (en) * 1990-03-08 1991-09-13 Eev Ltd HIGH FREQUENCY AMPLIFIER APPARATUS.
WO2008135064A1 (en) * 2007-05-04 2008-11-13 MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. Method and apparatus for collector sweeping control of an electron beam

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FR2672730B1 (en) * 1991-02-12 1993-04-23 Thomson Tubes Electroniques MODEL CONVERTER DEVICE AND POWER DIVIDER FOR MICROWAVE TUBE AND MICROWAVE TUBE COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE.
US5420478A (en) * 1993-02-12 1995-05-30 Litton Systems, Inc. Depressed collector for sorting radial energy level of a gyrating electron beam
FR2737340B1 (en) * 1995-07-28 1997-08-22 Thomson Tubes Electroniques MULTI-BEAM ELECTRONIC TUBE WITH IMPROVED CAVITY / BEAM COUPLING
US5780970A (en) * 1996-10-28 1998-07-14 University Of Maryland Multi-stage depressed collector for small orbit gyrotrons
FR2756970B1 (en) * 1996-12-10 2003-03-07 Thomson Tubes Electroniques LONGITUDINAL INTERACTION MICROWAVE TUBE WITH OUTPUT BEYOND THE COLLECTOR
FR2764730B1 (en) * 1997-06-13 1999-09-17 Thomson Tubes Electroniques ELECTRONIC CANON FOR MULTI-BEAM ELECTRONIC TUBE AND MULTI-BEAM ELECTRONIC TUBE EQUIPPED WITH THIS CANON
FR2780809B1 (en) 1998-07-03 2003-11-07 Thomson Tubes Electroniques MULTI-BEAM ELECTRONIC TUBE WITH MAGNETIC FIELD OF CORRECTION OF BEAM TRAJECTORY
FR2803454B1 (en) * 1999-12-30 2003-05-16 Thomson Tubes Electroniques MICROWAVE PULSE GENERATOR WITH INTEGRATED PULSE COMPRESSOR
JP3590039B2 (en) * 2002-07-24 2004-11-17 沖電気工業株式会社 Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof
FR2877139B1 (en) * 2004-10-27 2007-01-26 Thales Sa HIGH-POWER HYPERFREQUENCY TUBE WITH BEAM STACK IN THE COLLECTOR
US7368874B2 (en) 2005-02-18 2008-05-06 Communications and Power Industries, Inc., Satcom Division Dynamic depressed collector
RU2576391C1 (en) * 2014-11-18 2016-03-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт прикладной физики Российской академии наук (ИПФ РАН) Electronic microwave gadget
RU2630251C1 (en) * 2016-04-05 2017-09-06 Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт прикладной физики Российской академии наук" (ИПФ РАН) Electronic microwave instrument

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GB819682A (en) * 1957-01-29 1959-09-09 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to electron beam receiving electrodes
FR1404711A (en) * 1964-06-13 1965-07-02 Varian Associates High power electronic discharge device
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FR2568057A1 (en) * 1984-07-17 1986-01-24 Varian Associates HYPERFREQUENCY TUBE
US4668894A (en) * 1981-04-27 1987-05-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Waveguide coupler using three or more wave modes

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FR991127A (en) * 1944-03-31 1951-10-01 Csf Improvements to vacuum tubes using intense electron beams
FR56298E (en) * 1944-03-31 1952-09-22 Csf Improvements to vacuum tubes using intense electron beams
FR1105382A (en) * 1953-07-23 1955-11-30 Magnetic flux variator device
US2869018A (en) * 1955-05-02 1959-01-13 Hughes Aircraft Co Traveling wave tube
GB819682A (en) * 1957-01-29 1959-09-09 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to electron beam receiving electrodes
FR1404711A (en) * 1964-06-13 1965-07-02 Varian Associates High power electronic discharge device
US3538366A (en) * 1967-11-28 1970-11-03 Siemens Ag Fluid cooled electromagnetic structure for traveling wave tubes
US4668894A (en) * 1981-04-27 1987-05-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Waveguide coupler using three or more wave modes
FR2568057A1 (en) * 1984-07-17 1986-01-24 Varian Associates HYPERFREQUENCY TUBE

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2659492A1 (en) * 1990-03-08 1991-09-13 Eev Ltd HIGH FREQUENCY AMPLIFIER APPARATUS.
WO2008135064A1 (en) * 2007-05-04 2008-11-13 MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. Method and apparatus for collector sweeping control of an electron beam
US8004197B2 (en) 2007-05-04 2011-08-23 MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. Method and apparatus for collector sweeping control of an electron beam

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2895083B2 (en) 1999-05-24
DE68918295D1 (en) 1994-10-27
FR2625836A1 (en) 1989-07-13
JPH01294330A (en) 1989-11-28
EP0324667B1 (en) 1994-09-21
US4933594A (en) 1990-06-12
DE68918295T2 (en) 1995-02-02
FR2625836B1 (en) 1996-01-26
DE68918295T4 (en) 1995-10-19

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