EP0323607B1 - Longitudinal forging machine for forging round or sharp-edged bars - Google Patents

Longitudinal forging machine for forging round or sharp-edged bars Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0323607B1
EP0323607B1 EP88121360A EP88121360A EP0323607B1 EP 0323607 B1 EP0323607 B1 EP 0323607B1 EP 88121360 A EP88121360 A EP 88121360A EP 88121360 A EP88121360 A EP 88121360A EP 0323607 B1 EP0323607 B1 EP 0323607B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
forging
rams
tools
tool
machine
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EP88121360A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0323607A3 (en
EP0323607A2 (en
Inventor
Hans-Joachim Pahnke
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Pahnke Engineering & Co KG GmbH
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Pahnke Engineering & Co KG GmbH
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Priority to AT88121360T priority Critical patent/ATE73368T1/en
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Publication of EP0323607A3 publication Critical patent/EP0323607A3/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00Forging presses
    • B21J9/02Special design or construction
    • B21J9/06Swaging presses; Upsetting presses
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J7/00Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
    • B21J7/02Special design or construction
    • B21J7/14Forging machines working with several hammers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a long forging machine for forging round or sharp-edged rods with four star-shaped drive units arranged in a plane running transversely to the forging axis according to the preamble of patent claim 1. Both the synchronized mechanical drive and the hydraulic drive via working cylinders are known as drive units.
  • the tool width is dimensioned in such a way that with a high reduction under rotation of the workpiece can be roughly forged until the tools meet at a workpiece cross section, which in the known design forces the tool to be changed in order to forge the finished cross section.
  • the other design of a purely radial forging machine is designed to move the tools in the same direction across the forging axis, and the more so, the smaller the finished cross section.
  • the tool change takes time, whereas the motorized movement of the tools requires an elaborate mechanism (German utility model 86 23 759).
  • the invention is based on a third type of long forging machine according to the preamble of patent claim 1 or DE-PS 21 59 461, recognizing that this type of construction is a kind of "forge-roll" because of the possible inclined guidance of the tools that deviates from the radial. Process "allowed in the forging process, through which an optimal forging through of the center of the workpiece is guaranteed with the greatest reduction.
  • the optional operation of the forging machine with a straight or curved movement of the tools relative to the center makes it possible to forge both sharp-edged workpieces with square or rectangular cross sections and round bars.
  • the tappets provided with tools are fixed relative to the straight guides of handlebar levers, which force the tools to perform a similar and same-directional pivoting movement in a vertical plane and thus produce a "forging roll movement".
  • the swiveling movement of the tools in the manner of an iris diaphragm it is related that only one tool set is required for the entire working range of the forging machine for round forging (FIGS. 1 and 2). If square or rectangular cross-sections are to be forged in pure radial operation with fixed handlebar levers, tools of this type must also be changed or moved transversely to the forging axis in order to forge small finished cross-sections.
  • the invention has for its object to further develop a radial forging machine of the type described above in such a way that when forging with a straight radial movement of the tools neither a cross-section-dependent tool change nor a shifting of tools across the forging axis is required in order to avoid the collision of synchronously moving tools with small workpiece dimensions to avoid.
  • each handlebar lever can be optionally selected by means of a bolt system which is adjustable transversely to the pivoting direction in aligned bores with a plunger or - with the outer stroke end position of the plunger - lockable with the machine frame.
  • a bolt system which is adjustable transversely to the pivoting direction in aligned bores with a plunger or - with the outer stroke end position of the plunger - lockable with the machine frame.
  • the invention comprises yet another solution to the object, which is that the tools are connected to their plungers via a displacement device and can be displaced by half a tool width in each direction from the symmetrical central position to the direction of force of the drive unit in both directions of the forging axis.
  • This also results in two open-die forging presses working in adjacent vertical planes if the universal process is to be used without changing tools.
  • the tools remain in the central position symmetrical to the direction of force when the roll-forge process is used. Details of the shifting devices are given in claim 6 and explained in more detail in the drawing.
  • the invention provides that the synchronization of a pair of opposing working cylinders can be switched off and the plungers of opposite working cylinders can be adjusted individually or in pairs up to the system of their tools on the forging are. This makes it possible to use an inactivated pair of tools to guide the forging without great effort, while the other pair of tools is working with a fast stroke rate. If opposing working cylinders are placed individually and in opposite directions, their tools can take over a guiding function for parts of the forging located outside the forging axis.
  • Fig. 1 the four tools 1 to 4 of a radial forging machine are shown schematically, which are supported by steering levers, not shown, and carry out pivoting movements during forging, which are represented by arrows.
  • the round material 5 to be forged undergoes a rotary movement, as a result of which surface defects are avoided and optimum forging through of the center of the workpiece is ensured.
  • the round material 5 can be forged with the same tools 1 to 4, for example, up to a small cross section 5 'according to FIG. 2, because the four tools cannot touch each other due to the continued pivoting movement with increasing component in the tangential direction.
  • the forging machine has a frame 6, the front cover 6a of which is cut open in FIG. 3 in order to show two drive units.
  • the forging machine has four drive units arranged in a star shape in a plane running transversely to the forging axis M, each of which consists of a hydraulic working cylinder 7, an articulated connection 8 and a plunger 9. All plungers 9 are guided in straight guides 18a by handlebar levers 18, which are mounted in the cover-side frame parts 6a of the frame 6 via pivot shafts 18b.
  • the top view of the frame cover 6a contained on the left in FIG. 3 shows two bearing caps 18c for further pivot shafts 18b.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 One of the two task solutions according to the invention is clear from FIGS. 4 and 5. While it is state of the art that the plunger 9 carries tools 10 and 11 (and according to FIG. 3 further tools 12, 13), the handlebar levers 18 and their straight guides 18a each have an additional tool 14 and 15 (and 16 and 17 according to Fig. 3). Each additional tool 14, 15, 16, 17 forms, with a ram-side tool 10, 11, 12, 13, two tool halves lying next to one another parallel to the forging axis M in two vertical planes, which together represent the width, for example, of tools 1 to 4 in FIGS. 1 and 2 the state of the art. These tools are quasi divided into two halves, so that in FIG. 3 tool halves lying side by side are arranged one behind the other. The reference numerals 14, 11, 16 and 13 given in brackets belong to tool halves which are hidden by the tool halves 10, 15, 12 and 17.
  • the plunger 9 and the tool halves 10 and 11 carried by the plungers on the one hand and the handlebar levers provided with the other tool halves 14 and 15 on the other hand are separated from one another by the vertical plane running in the direction of force of the associated drive unit 7 .
  • the plungers 9 receive the remote configuration shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, so that the same forces are always exerted on the tool halves regardless of the forging direction.
  • each plunger 9 can be locked in a form-fitting manner with the associated control arm 18 or with the machine frame 6 or 6a.
  • the cover-side frame parts 6a, the handlebar levers 18 and the plunger 9 are provided with bores to accommodate two cross pin systems.
  • One cross bolt system consists of a locking bolt 19 and two adjusting cylinders 22, 23 provided with adjusting pistons in the cover-side frame parts 6a for alternately transverse displacement of the locking bolt 19 within the plunger 9 and the steering lever 18.
  • the other cross bolt system comprises two coaxial locking bolts 20, 21, each can be moved by actuating pistons 24, 25 of actuating cylinders 26, 27 within the cover-side frame parts 6a and the control arm 18 (see also FIG. 8).
  • the mode of operation of the locking device and thus of the forging machine according to FIG. 3 is as follows:
  • the locking bolt 19 is in the inner locking position in which a plunger 9 is positively locked with a handlebar lever 18 in the region of the straight guide 18 a.
  • the handlebar lever 18 is freely movable since the two locking bolts 20, 21 are in the retracted unlocking position.
  • the forging force applied by the working cylinders 7 is applied to both tool halves, e.g. B. 10 and 14 transmitted, which thus act as a single tool. Since the handlebar levers 18 are free to move, the tools do not perform a linear but a circular pivoting movement.
  • the forging machine is set for forging round material 5 in the roll-forging process (FIG. 6). With this process, rod material is also forged, which should ultimately have a square or rectangular, sharp-edged cross section.
  • the actuating cylinders 22 are acted upon in the sense of extending their piston rod, as a result of which the locking bolts 19 are moved into the stop position shown in FIG. 5.
  • both actuating cylinders 26, 27 are actuated in order to advance the locking bolts 20, 21 into the locking position, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the handlebar levers 18 are thus positively locked with the cover-side frame parts 6a, whereas the plungers 9 are unlocked.
  • the forging force exerted by the working cylinders 7 acts exclusively on the straight slide and only one half of the tool, e.g. B. Tool half 11 in Fig. 5 and 10 in Fig. 4.
  • the forging machine can be provided with a hydraulic control, by means of which the synchronization of a pair of opposing working cylinders 7 can be switched off in order to employ straight-guided rams 9 until the tools rest on the forging.
  • a hydraulic control by means of which the synchronization of a pair of opposing working cylinders 7 can be switched off in order to employ straight-guided rams 9 until the tools rest on the forging.
  • the actuating cylinders 23, 24 and 25 are actuated, as a result of which the locking bolts 19 are returned to their locking position and the locking bolts 20, 21 to their unlocking position according to FIG. 4. It is understood that in this process, the plunger 9 are controlled to their outer stroke end position so that all holes in parts 6a, 18 and 9 are aligned. This plunger position must also be set if the forging machine is to be switched from one locking position according to FIG. 4 to the other locking position according to FIG. 5.
  • the forging machine in turn has four drive units arranged in a star shape in a plane transverse to the forging axis M with hydraulic working cylinders 7, articulated connections 8, Tappets 29 and handlebar levers 30. All tappets 29 carry one-piece tools 31 which are connected to their tappets via a displacement device.
  • a displacement device consists of an actuating cylinder 32 with alternately extendable piston rods 33, 34, the cylinders 32 being fastened to the plungers 29 and the ends of the piston rods being connected to cross arms 35 (FIG. 9) of a support plate 36 for the tool 31.
  • the actuating cylinders 32 are fastened to the plungers 29 and transmit the forging force exerted by the working cylinders 7 to the support plates 36 together with tools 31. If the tools 31 according to FIG. 8 are set symmetrically to the direction of force F of the working cylinders 7, the forging machine is set to that Roll-forge method, in which the plunger 29 are locked with the freely movable handlebar levers 30 (corresponding to FIG. 4) via locking bolts 37. These locking bolts 37 can be acted on from the inside in order to unlock the plunger 29. In order to lock the control arm 30 with the frame parts 6a on the cover side, the locking bolts 20, 21 are pilot-controlled as in FIG. 5.
  • the plungers 29 perform linear movements in order to use the universal method.
  • opposing tools 31 are displaced in pairs by means of the displacement device 32 to 36 parallel to the forging axis M by half a tool width, as can be seen from FIGS. 9 and 10.
  • the transverse displacement shown in FIG. 9 applies to the opposing tools 10 and 12, which form one of two free-form forging presses, whereas the tools 31 displaced in the opposite direction according to FIG. 10 apply to the tools 11 and 13 of a rear vertical plane correspond and thus form a second freeform forging press.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

In order to be able to forge round and sharp-edged bars down to very small dimensions without a tool change on a longitudinal forging machine, pivotable guide levers 18 for guiding rams 9 bearing tools 10 to 13 are provided with additional tools 14 to 17 which can be actuated in common with the tools 10 to 13 on the rams when the guide levers 18 are freely movable and the rams 9 are positively locked within the guide levers. When the guide levers 18 are fixed on the machine frame 6 and the rams 9 are guided in a straight line, previously round rough-forged material can be given sharp edges in a finish-forging operation, the mutually opposite pairs of tools 10, 12 and 11, 13 on the rams acting like two hammer-forging presses arranged in different vertical planes. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Langschmiedemaschine zum Schmieden von runden oder scharfkantigen Stangen mit vier sternförmig in einer quer zur Schmiedeachse verlaufenden Ebene angeordneten Antriebseinheiten nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentspruches 1. Als Antriebseinheiten ist sowohl der synchronisierte mechanische Antrieb als auch der hydraulische Antrieb über Arbeitszylinder bekannt.The invention relates to a long forging machine for forging round or sharp-edged rods with four star-shaped drive units arranged in a plane running transversely to the forging axis according to the preamble of patent claim 1. Both the synchronized mechanical drive and the hydraulic drive via working cylinders are known as drive units.

Um den Hintergrund der Erfindung darzustellen, wird auf die in der Praxis gebräuchlichen Langschmiedemaschinen wie folgt eingegangen:In order to illustrate the background of the invention, the long-forging machines that are used in practice are dealt with as follows:

Zwei Bauarten von Langschmiedemaschinen sind reine Radial-Schmiedemaschinen mit geradlinig radial geführten Stößeln bzw. Werkzeugen. Da die Werkzeuge in einer gemeinsamen Vertikalebene synchron bewegt werden, ist es eine Frage der Werkzeugbreite, bei welcher Hub-Endlage die Werkzeuge aneinanderstoßen. Die Werkzeugbreite kann jedoch nicht beliebig klein gewählt werden, um in einem einzigen Prozeß bis zu kleinsten Werkstück-Querschnitten schmieden zu können. Eine relativ kleine Werkzeugbreite würde nämlich die Reduktion pro Schmiedehub beschränken. Da gerade zu Beginn eines Schmiedeprozesses aus schmiedetechnischen Gründen eine hohe Reduktion erwünscht ist, wird die Werkzeugbreite so bemessen, daß mit hoher Reduktion unter Drehung des Werkstückes rund vorgeschmiedet werden kann, bis die Werkzeuge bei einem Werkstück-Querschnitt aneinanderstoßen, der bei der einen bekannten Bauart zum Werkzeugwechsel zwingt, um den Fertigquerschnitt auszuschmieden. Die andere Bauart einer reinen Radial-Schmiedemaschine ist darauf eingerichtet, die Werkzeuge quer zur Schmiedeachse gleichsinnig zu verschieben, und zwar um so mehr, je kleiner der Fertigquerschnitt ist. Der Werkzeugwechsel erfordert Zeit, wohingegen das motorische Verschieben der Werkzeuge einen aufwendigen Mechanismus erfordert (Deutsche Gebrauchsmusterschrift 86 23 759).Two types of long forging machines are purely radial forging machines with straight radial rams or tools. Since the tools are moved synchronously in a common vertical plane, it is a question of the tool width at which stroke end position the tools meet. However, the tool width cannot be chosen to be as small as possible in order to be able to forge down to the smallest workpiece cross sections in a single process. A relatively small tool width would limit the reduction per forging stroke. Since a high reduction is desired at the beginning of a forging process for forging reasons, the tool width is dimensioned in such a way that with a high reduction under rotation of the workpiece can be roughly forged until the tools meet at a workpiece cross section, which in the known design forces the tool to be changed in order to forge the finished cross section. The other design of a purely radial forging machine is designed to move the tools in the same direction across the forging axis, and the more so, the smaller the finished cross section. The tool change takes time, whereas the motorized movement of the tools requires an elaborate mechanism (German utility model 86 23 759).

Die Erfindung geht von einer dritten Bauart von Langschmiedemaschinen nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 bzw. der DE-PS 21 59 461 aus in der Erkenntnis, daß diese Bauart wegen der möglichen, von der Radialen abweichenden Schrägführung der Werkzeuge eine Art "Schmiede-Roll-Verfahren" beim Vorschmieden erlaubt, durch das bei größter Reduktion eine optimale Durchschmiedung des Zentrums des Werkstückes gewährleistet ist. Durch den wahlweisen Betrieb der Schmiedemaschine mit geradliniger oder gekrümmter Bewegung der Werkzeuge relativ zum Zentrum ist es möglich, sowohl scharfkantige Werkstücke mit quadratischen oder rechteckigen Querschnitten als auch Rundstangen zu schmieden. Zum Schmieden von Rundstangen werden die mit Werkzeugen versehenen Stößel relativ zu den Geradführungen von Lenkerhebeln festgelegt, die den Werkzeugen eine gleichartige und gleichsinnige Schwenkbewegung in einer Vertikalebene aufzwingen und damit eine "Schmiede-Roll-Bewegung" erzeugen. Mit der Schwenkbewegung der Werkzeuge in der Art einer Irisblende hängt es zusammen, daß für den gesamten Arbeitsbereich der Schmiedemaschine zum Rundschmieden nur ein Werkzeugsatz benötigt wird (Fig. 1 und 2). Sollten im reinen Radialbetrieb mit festgelegten Lenkerhebeln quadratische oder rechteckige Querschnitte geschmiedet werden, sind auch bei dieser Bauart Werkzeuge zu wechseln oder quer zur Schmiedeachse zu verschieben, um kleine Fertigquerschnitte auszuschmieden.The invention is based on a third type of long forging machine according to the preamble of patent claim 1 or DE-PS 21 59 461, recognizing that this type of construction is a kind of "forge-roll" because of the possible inclined guidance of the tools that deviates from the radial. Process "allowed in the forging process, through which an optimal forging through of the center of the workpiece is guaranteed with the greatest reduction. The optional operation of the forging machine with a straight or curved movement of the tools relative to the center makes it possible to forge both sharp-edged workpieces with square or rectangular cross sections and round bars. For forging round bars, the tappets provided with tools are fixed relative to the straight guides of handlebar levers, which force the tools to perform a similar and same-directional pivoting movement in a vertical plane and thus produce a "forging roll movement". With the swiveling movement of the tools in the manner of an iris diaphragm it is related that only one tool set is required for the entire working range of the forging machine for round forging (FIGS. 1 and 2). If square or rectangular cross-sections are to be forged in pure radial operation with fixed handlebar levers, tools of this type must also be changed or moved transversely to the forging axis in order to forge small finished cross-sections.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Radial-Schmiedemaschine der eingangs beschriebenen Art dahingehend weiterzuentwickeln, daß beim Schmieden mit geradliniger Radialbewegung der Werkzeuge weder ein querschnittsabhängiger Werkzeugwechsel noch ein Verschieben von Werkzeugen quer zur Schmiedeachse erforderlich ist, um das Aneinanderstoßen von synchronbewegten Werkzeugen bei kleinen Werkstückabmessungen zu vermeiden.The invention has for its object to further develop a radial forging machine of the type described above in such a way that when forging with a straight radial movement of the tools neither a cross-section-dependent tool change nor a shifting of tools across the forging axis is required in order to avoid the collision of synchronously moving tools with small workpiece dimensions to avoid.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe besteht aus den im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen und führt dazu, daß durch eine Unterteilung der Werkzeuge in zwei parallel zur Schmiedeachse nebeneinanderliegende Werkzeughälften diese Werkzeughälften wahlweise als Ganzes für das Schmiede-Roll-Verfahren eingesetzt werden können, und daß durch einfaches Arretieren der lenkerseitigen Werkzeughälften die anderen Werkzeughälften für das reine Radialschmieden eingesetzt werden, und zwar paarweise in zwei geringfügig verschiedenen Vertikalebenen, so daß praktisch zwei um 90° versetzt angeordnete Freiform-Schmiedepressen entstehen, deren Werkzeuge nicht aneinanderstoßen können. Bei diesem Universal-Schmiedeverfahren wird zwar nicht breitungsfrei geschmiedet, jedoch überwiegt der Vorteil der Schmiedemaschine gemäß der Erfindung hinsichtlich des Umstandes, daß das metallurgisch günstige Vorschmieden über Rundquerschnitt in einem einzigen Prozeß und ohne Zeitaufwand für Werkzeugwechsel mit dem Universal-Verfahren zur Herstellung von scharfkantigen Werkstücken kombiniert werden kann.The solution to this problem consists of the features specified in claim 1 and leads to the fact that by dividing the tools into two tool halves lying next to each other parallel to the forging axis, these tool halves can optionally be used as a whole for the forge-roll process, and that by simple locking of the handlebar-side tool halves, the other tool halves are used for pure radial forging, in pairs in two slightly different vertical planes, so that practically two free-form forging presses offset by 90 ° are created, the tools of which cannot collide. In this universal forging process, forging is not free of width, but the advantage of the forging machine according to the invention outweighs the fact that the metallurgically favorable pre-forging over a circular cross-section in a single process and without time for tool change using the universal process for producing sharp-edged workpieces can be combined.

Um sicherzustellen, daß beim Universal-Verfahren die in zwei Vertikalebenen arbeitenden Paare von stößelseitigen Werkzeughälften unabhängig von der Schmiedevorrichtung gleichgroße Kräfte auf die Antriebseinheiten ausüben, wird empfohlen, daß die Stößel und die von den Stösseln getragenen Werkzeughälften einerseites und die mit den anderen Werkzeughälften versehenen Lenkerhebel andererseits durch die in Kraftrichtung der zugehörigen Antriebseinheit verlaufenden Vertikalebene voneinander getrennt sind.In order to ensure that, in the universal method, the pairs of ram-side tool halves working in two vertical planes exert equally large forces on the drive units regardless of the forging device, it is recommended that the ram and the tool halves carried by the rams have one side and the handlebar levers provided with the other tool halves on the other hand, are separated from one another by the vertical plane running in the direction of force of the associated drive unit.

Im Gegensatz zu der Konstruktion, die in der DE-PS 21 59 461 für das wahlweise Festlegen oder Freigeben der Lenkerhebel gegenüber dem Maschinenrahmen offenbart ist, wird gemäß der weiteren Erfindung vorgeschlagen, daß jeder Lenkerhebel durch ein quer zur Schwenkrichtung in fluchtenden Bohrungen verstellbares Bolzensystem wahlweise mit einem Stößel oder - bei äußerer Hub-Endlage der Stößel - mit dem Maschinenrahmen formschlüssig verriegelbar ist. Hierdurch werden besondere Rückzugszylinder und rahmenseitige Anschläge vermieden, jedoch sind die Stößel mit den Antriebseinheiten z. B. hydraulischen Arbeitszylindern, über Gelenkverbindungen zug- und druckfest zu verbinden.In contrast to the construction, which is disclosed in DE-PS 21 59 461 for optionally setting or releasing the handlebar levers relative to the machine frame, it is proposed according to the further invention that each handlebar lever can be optionally selected by means of a bolt system which is adjustable transversely to the pivoting direction in aligned bores with a plunger or - with the outer stroke end position of the plunger - lockable with the machine frame. This avoids special retraction cylinders and frame-side stops, but the plungers with the drive units are, for. B. hydraulic working cylinders, to connect tensile and pressure resistant via articulated connections.

Weitere konstruktive Einzelheiten des Bolzensystems zum schnellen, motorischen Ver- und Entriegeln mittels des Bolzensystems sind in dem Patentanspruch 4 angegeben und werden in der Zeichnung erläutert.Further structural details of the bolt system for fast, motorized locking and unlocking by means of the bolt system are specified in claim 4 and are explained in the drawing.

Die Erfindung umfaßt noch eine weitere Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe, die darin besteht, daß die Werkzeuge über eine Verschiebevorrichtung mit ihren Stößeln verbunden und aus der zur Kraftrichtung der Antriebseinheit symmetrischen mittleren Lage in beiden Richtungen der Schmiedeachse um je eine halbe Werkzeugbreite verschiebbar sind. Auch hierdurch erhält man zwei in nebeneinanderliegenden Vertikalebenen arbeitende Freiformschmiedepressen, wenn ohne Werkzeugwechsel das Universal-Verfahren angewendet werden soll. In der zur Kraftrichtung symmetrischen mittleren Lage verbleiben die Werkzeuge, wenn das Roll-Schmiede-Verfahren angewendet wird. Einzelheiten der Verschiebevorrichtungen sind im Patentanspruch 6 angegeben und in der Zeichnung näher erläutert.The invention comprises yet another solution to the object, which is that the tools are connected to their plungers via a displacement device and can be displaced by half a tool width in each direction from the symmetrical central position to the direction of force of the drive unit in both directions of the forging axis. This also results in two open-die forging presses working in adjacent vertical planes if the universal process is to be used without changing tools. The tools remain in the central position symmetrical to the direction of force when the roll-forge process is used. Details of the shifting devices are given in claim 6 and explained in more detail in the drawing.

Wenn die Stößel im Rahmen der beiden Aufgabenlösungen von hydraulischen Arbeitszylindern angetrieben sind, sieht die Erfindung vor, daß die Synchronisierung eines Paares von gegenüberliegenden Arbeitszylindern ausschaltbar ist und die Stößel von gegenüberliegenden Arbeitszylindern einzeln oder paarweise bis zur Anlage deren Werkzeuge an dem Schmiedestück anstellbar sind. Hierdurch besteht die Möglichkeit, ohne großen Aufwand ein inaktiviertes Werkzeugpaar zur Führung des Schmiedestückes heranzuziehen, während das andere Werkzeugpaar mit schneller Hubfolge arbeitet. Wenn gegenüberliegende Arbeitszylinder einzeln und gegenläufig angestellt werden, können deren Werkzeuge eine Führungsfunktion für außerhalb der Schmiedeachse liegende Teile des Schmiedestückes übernehmen.If the plungers are driven by hydraulic working cylinders in the context of the two task solutions, the invention provides that the synchronization of a pair of opposing working cylinders can be switched off and the plungers of opposite working cylinders can be adjusted individually or in pairs up to the system of their tools on the forging are. This makes it possible to use an inactivated pair of tools to guide the forging without great effort, while the other pair of tools is working with a fast stroke rate. If opposing working cylinders are placed individually and in opposite directions, their tools can take over a guiding function for parts of the forging located outside the forging axis.

In der Zeichnung sind zwei Ausführungsbeispiele einer Schmiedemaschine gemäß der Erfindung dargestellt, und zwar zeigen

  • Fig. 1 und 2 Schemata zur Darstellung des Roll-Schmiede-Verfahrens,
  • Fig. 3 eine Schmiedemaschine in Vorderansicht, teilweise geschnitten,
  • Fig. 4 einen Schnitt nach der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 3,
  • Fig. 5 einen Schnitt nach der Linie V-V in Fig. 3,
  • Fig. 6 und 7 Schemata zur Darstellung von Schmiedevorgängen,
  • Fig. 8 einen Schnitt durch eine von vier Schmiedeeinheiten ähnlich Fig. 4 und 5, jedoch in anderer Bauart, und
  • Fig. 9 und 10 Einzelheiten zu Fig. 8.
In the drawing, two embodiments of a forging machine according to the invention are shown, namely show
  • 1 and 2 schemes to illustrate the roll-forge process,
  • 3 shows a forging machine in front view, partly in section,
  • 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3,
  • 5 shows a section along the line VV in Fig. 3,
  • 6 and 7 schemes for illustrating forging processes,
  • Fig. 8 shows a section through one of four forging units similar to Fig. 4 and 5, but in a different design, and
  • 9 and 10 details of Fig. 8th

In Fig. 1 sind schematisch die vier Werkzeuge 1 bis 4 einer Radialschmiedemaschine dargestellt, die von nicht dargestellten Lenkhebeln getragen sind und beim Schmieden Schwenkbewegungen ausführen, die durch Pfeile dargestellt sind. Das auszuschmiedende Rundmaterial 5 erfährt hierdurch eine Drehbewegung, wodurch Oberflächenfehler vermieden und eine optimale Durchschmiedung des Zentrum des Werkstückes gewährleistet ist.In Fig. 1, the four tools 1 to 4 of a radial forging machine are shown schematically, which are supported by steering levers, not shown, and carry out pivoting movements during forging, which are represented by arrows. As a result, the round material 5 to be forged undergoes a rotary movement, as a result of which surface defects are avoided and optimum forging through of the center of the workpiece is ensured.

Das Rundmaterial 5 kann mit denselben Werkzeugen 1 bis 4 beispielsweise bis zu einem kleinen Querschnitt 5′ nach Fig. 2 abgeschmiedet werden, weil die vier Werkzeuge sich wegen der fortgesetzten Schwenkbewegung mit zunehmender Komponente in Tangentialrichtung nicht gegenseitig berühren können.The round material 5 can be forged with the same tools 1 to 4, for example, up to a small cross section 5 'according to FIG. 2, because the four tools cannot touch each other due to the continued pivoting movement with increasing component in the tangential direction.

Dies vorausgeschickt, wird nachstehend die Schmiedemaschine in Einzelheiten, entsprechend der Lösung nach Fig. 3 bis 5, erläutert. Die Schmiedemaschine hat einen Rahmen 6, dessen Vorderdeckel 6a in Fig. 3 aufgeschnitten ist, um zwei Antriebseinheiten zu zeigen. Die Schmiedemaschine hat vier sternförmig in einer quer zur Schmiedeachse M verlaufenden Ebene angeordnete Antriebseinheiten, die jeweils aus einem hydraulischen Arbeitszylinder 7, einer Gelenkverbindung 8 und einem Stößel 9 bestehen. Alle Stößel 9 sind in Geradführungen 18a von Lenkerhebeln 18 geradgeführt, die über Schwenkwellen 18b in den deckelseitigen Rahmenteilen 6a des Rahmens 6 gelagert sind. Die in Fig. 3 links enthaltene Draufsicht auf die Rahmendeckel 6a zeigen zwei Lagerhauben 18c für weitere Schwenkwellen 18b.That said, the forging machine is explained in detail below, corresponding to the solution according to FIGS. 3 to 5. The forging machine has a frame 6, the front cover 6a of which is cut open in FIG. 3 in order to show two drive units. The forging machine has four drive units arranged in a star shape in a plane running transversely to the forging axis M, each of which consists of a hydraulic working cylinder 7, an articulated connection 8 and a plunger 9. All plungers 9 are guided in straight guides 18a by handlebar levers 18, which are mounted in the cover-side frame parts 6a of the frame 6 via pivot shafts 18b. The top view of the frame cover 6a contained on the left in FIG. 3 shows two bearing caps 18c for further pivot shafts 18b.

Eine der beiden Aufgabenlösungen gemäß der Erfindung wird aus Fig. 4 und 5 deutlich. Während es Stand der Technik ist, daß die Stößel 9 Werkzeuge 10 bzw. 11 (und nach Fig. 3 weitere Werkzeuge 12, 13) tragen, sind die Lenkerhebel 18 bzw. deren Geradführungen 18a mit je einem zusätzlichen Werkzeug 14 bzw. 15 (und 16 sowie 17 nach Fig. 3) versehen. Jedes zusätzliche Werkzeug 14, 15, 16, 17 bildet mit einem stößelseitigen Werkzeug 10, 11, 12, 13 zwei parallel zur Schmiedeachse M in zwei Vertikalebenen nebeneinanderliegende Werkzeughälften, die gemeinsam die Breite beispielsweise der Werkzeuge 1 bis 4 in Fig. 1 und 2 gemäß dem Stand der Technik haben. Diese Werkzeuge sind quasi in zwei Hälften aufgeteilt, so daß in Fig. 3 nebeneinanderliegende Werkzeughälften hintereinander angeordnet sind. Die in Klammern angegebenen Bezugszeichen 14, 11, 16 und 13 gehören zu Werkzeughälften, die durch die Werkzeughälften 10, 15, 12 und 17 verdeckt sind.One of the two task solutions according to the invention is clear from FIGS. 4 and 5. While it is state of the art that the plunger 9 carries tools 10 and 11 (and according to FIG. 3 further tools 12, 13), the handlebar levers 18 and their straight guides 18a each have an additional tool 14 and 15 (and 16 and 17 according to Fig. 3). Each additional tool 14, 15, 16, 17 forms, with a ram-side tool 10, 11, 12, 13, two tool halves lying next to one another parallel to the forging axis M in two vertical planes, which together represent the width, for example, of tools 1 to 4 in FIGS. 1 and 2 the state of the art. These tools are quasi divided into two halves, so that in FIG. 3 tool halves lying side by side are arranged one behind the other. The reference numerals 14, 11, 16 and 13 given in brackets belong to tool halves which are hidden by the tool halves 10, 15, 12 and 17.

Hiermit ist bereits angedeutet, daß die die gegenüberliegenden Werkzeughälften tragenden beiden Paare von Stößel 9 und Lenkerhebeln 18 eine - in Richtung der Schmiedeachse M gesehen - umgekehrte Aufeinanderfolge von stößelseitigen und lenkerhebelseitigen Werkzeughälften 10 bis 13 bzw. 14 bis 17 aufweisen. Die Bedeutung dieser umgekehrten Aufeinanderfolge von Werkzeughälften wird aus der Beschreibung der Wirkungsweise der Schmiedemaschine deutlich.This already indicates that the two pairs of plunger 9 and handlebar levers 18 bearing the opposite tool halves have, as seen in the direction of the forging axis M, the reverse sequence of tool halves 10 and 13 and 14 to 17 on the handlebar lever side. The importance of this reverse sequence of tool halves is clear from the description of the operation of the forging machine.

Wie aus Fig. 4 und 5 hervorgeht, sind die Stößel 9 und die von den Stößeln getragenen Werkzeughälften 10 bzw. 11 einerseits und die mit den anderen Werkzeughälften 14 bzw. 15 versehenen Lenkerhebel andererseits durch die in Kraftrichtung der zugehörigen Antriebseinheit 7 verlaufenden Vertikalebene voneinander getrennt. Hierdurch erhalten die Stößel 9 die aus Fig. 4 und 5 ersichtliche abgesetzte Konfiguration, so daß auf die Werkzeughälften unabhängig von der Schmiederichtung stets gleiche Kräfte ausgeübt werden.4 and 5, the plunger 9 and the tool halves 10 and 11 carried by the plungers on the one hand and the handlebar levers provided with the other tool halves 14 and 15 on the other hand are separated from one another by the vertical plane running in the direction of force of the associated drive unit 7 . As a result, the plungers 9 receive the remote configuration shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, so that the same forces are always exerted on the tool halves regardless of the forging direction.

Es wird nun die Verriegelungsvorrichtung beschrieben, durch die wahlweise ein jeder Stößel 9 mit dem zugehörigen Lenkerhebel 18 oder mit dem Maschinenrahmen 6 bzw. 6a formschlüssig verriegelt werden kann. Die deckelseitigen Rahmenteile 6a, die Lenkerhebel 18 sowie die Stößel 9 sind mit Bohrungen versehen, um zwei Querbolzensysteme aufzunehmen. Das eine Querbolzensystem besteht aus einem Riegelbolzen 19 und zwei mit Stellkolben versehenen Stellzylindern 22, 23 in den deckelseitigen Rahmenteilen 6a zum wechselweisen Querverschieben des Riegelbolzens 19 innerhalb der Stößel 9 und der Lenkhebel 18. Das andere Querbolzensystem umfaßt zwei koaxiale Riegelbolzen 20, 21, die jeweils durch Stellkolben 24, 25 von Stellzylindern 26, 27 innerhalb der deckelseitigen Rahmenteile 6a und der Lenkerhebel 18 bewegbar sind (siehe auch Fig. 8).The locking device will now be described, by means of which each plunger 9 can be locked in a form-fitting manner with the associated control arm 18 or with the machine frame 6 or 6a. The cover-side frame parts 6a, the handlebar levers 18 and the plunger 9 are provided with bores to accommodate two cross pin systems. One cross bolt system consists of a locking bolt 19 and two adjusting cylinders 22, 23 provided with adjusting pistons in the cover-side frame parts 6a for alternately transverse displacement of the locking bolt 19 within the plunger 9 and the steering lever 18. The other cross bolt system comprises two coaxial locking bolts 20, 21, each can be moved by actuating pistons 24, 25 of actuating cylinders 26, 27 within the cover-side frame parts 6a and the control arm 18 (see also FIG. 8).

Die Wirkungsweise der Verriegelungsvorrichtung und damit der Schmiedemaschine nach Fig. 3 ist folgende:The mode of operation of the locking device and thus of the forging machine according to FIG. 3 is as follows:

Nach Fig. 4 ist der Riegelbolzen 19 in innerer Verriegelungslage, in der ein Stößel 9 mit einem Lenkerhebel 18 im Bereich der Geradführung 18 a formschlüssig verriegelt ist. Hingegen ist der Lenkerhebel 18 freibeweglich, da die zwei Riegelbolzen 20, 21 in zurückgezogener Entriegelungsstellung sind. Die von den Arbeitszylindern 7 aufgebrachte Schmiedekraft wird auf beide Werkzeughälften, z. B. 10 und 14 übertragen, die somit als einheitliches Werkzeug wirken. Da die Lenkerhebel 18 freibeweglich sind, führen die Werkzeuge keine geradlinige, sondern eine kreisförmige Schwenkbewegung aus. Die Schmiedemaschine ist auf das Schmieden von Rundmaterial 5 im Roll-Schmiede-Verfahren eingestellt (Fig. 6). Mit diesen Verfahren wird auch Stangenmaterial vorgeschmiedet, das letztlich einen quadratischen oder recheckigen, scharfkantigen Querschnitt erhalten soll.4, the locking bolt 19 is in the inner locking position in which a plunger 9 is positively locked with a handlebar lever 18 in the region of the straight guide 18 a. On the other hand, the handlebar lever 18 is freely movable since the two locking bolts 20, 21 are in the retracted unlocking position. The forging force applied by the working cylinders 7 is applied to both tool halves, e.g. B. 10 and 14 transmitted, which thus act as a single tool. Since the handlebar levers 18 are free to move, the tools do not perform a linear but a circular pivoting movement. The forging machine is set for forging round material 5 in the roll-forging process (FIG. 6). With this process, rod material is also forged, which should ultimately have a square or rectangular, sharp-edged cross section.

Zum Umstellen der Schmiedemaschine auf das Universal-Schmiedeverfahren werden die Stellzylinder 22 im Sinne des Ausfahrens ihrer Kolbenstange beaufschlagt, wodurch die Riegelbolzen 19 bis in aus Fig. 5 ersichtliche Anschlaglage bewegt werden. Gleichzeitig werden beide Stellzylinder 26, 27 betätigt, um die Riegelbolzen 20, 21 in Verriegelungsstellung vorzuschieben, wie Fig. 5 zeigt. Damit werden die Lenkerhebel 18 mit den deckelseitigen Rahmenteilen 6a formschlüssig verriegelt, wohingegen die Stößel 9 entriegelt sind. Die von den Arbeitszylindern 7 aufgebrachte Schmiedekraft wirkt ausschließlich auf die geradgeführten Stößel und jeweils nur eine Werkzeughälfte, z. B. Werkzeughälfte 11 in Fig. 5 bzw. 10 in Fig. 4. Da diese Werkzeughälften - wie bereits ausgeführt - in zwei verschiedenen Vertikalebenen liegen, arbeiten paarweise gegenüberliegende Werkzeughälften quasi wie zwei um 90° zueinander versetzte Freiform-Schmiedepressen, was aus dem Schema nach Fig. 7 hervorgeht. Die stößelseitigen Werkzeughälften 10 und 12 stellen die eine Freiform-Schmiedepresse dar, hinter der die um 90° versetzte zweite Freiform-Schmiedepresse mit den Werkzeugen 11 und 13 angeordnet ist. Da alle Arbeitszylinder 7 synchron betätigt werden, kann das Schmiede-Roll-Verfahren zum Vorschmieden der Rundstange 5 nach Fig. 6 durch einfache Betätigung der Verriegelungsvorrichtung mit den Bolzensystemen 19, 20 und 21 ohne Zeitverlust umgestellt werden auf das Universal-Verfahren zum Ausschmieden eines scharfkantigen Querschnittes 28 nach Fig. 7.To change the forging machine to the universal forging method, the actuating cylinders 22 are acted upon in the sense of extending their piston rod, as a result of which the locking bolts 19 are moved into the stop position shown in FIG. 5. At the same time, both actuating cylinders 26, 27 are actuated in order to advance the locking bolts 20, 21 into the locking position, as shown in FIG. 5. The handlebar levers 18 are thus positively locked with the cover-side frame parts 6a, whereas the plungers 9 are unlocked. The forging force exerted by the working cylinders 7 acts exclusively on the straight slide and only one half of the tool, e.g. B. Tool half 11 in Fig. 5 and 10 in Fig. 4. Since these tool halves - as already stated - lie in two different vertical planes, opposing tool halves work in quasi like two free-form forging presses offset by 90 ° to one another, which from the diagram 7 emerges. The ram-side tool halves 10 and 12 represent a free-form forging press behind which is arranged the second free-form forging press offset by 90 ° with the tools 11 and 13. Since all working cylinders 7 are actuated synchronously, the forging-roll method for pre-forging the round rod 5 according to FIG. 6 can be converted to the universal method for forging a sharp-edged one by simply actuating the locking device with the bolt systems 19, 20 and 21 without loss of time Cross section 28 according to FIG. 7.

Die Schmiedemaschine kann mit einer hydraulischen Steuerung versehen werden, durch die die Synchronisierung eines Paares von gegenüberliegenden Arbeitszylindern 7 ausschaltbar ist, um geradegeführte Stößel 9 bis zur Anlage der Werkzeuge an dem Schmiedestück anzustellen. Bezogen auf Fig. 7 wäre es damit möglich, die Werkzeuge 10 und 12 lediglich zur Führung des Rechteckquerschnittes 28 zu benutzen, um ausschließlich mit den Werkzeugen 11 und 13 weiterzuschmieden.The forging machine can be provided with a hydraulic control, by means of which the synchronization of a pair of opposing working cylinders 7 can be switched off in order to employ straight-guided rams 9 until the tools rest on the forging. With reference to FIG. 7, it would thus be possible to use the tools 10 and 12 only for guiding the rectangular cross section 28 in order to continue forging exclusively with the tools 11 and 13.

Um die Maschine wieder auf das Roll-Schmiede-Verfahren umzustellen, werden die sTellzylinder 23, 24 und 25 betätigt, wodurch die Riegelbolzen 19 in ihre Verriegelungslage und die Riegelbolzen 20, 21 in ihre Entriegelungsstellung nach Fig. 4 zurückgestellt werden. Es versteht sich, daß bei diesem Vorgang die Stößel 9 auf ihre außere Hub-Endlage gesteuert sind, damit alle Bohrungen in den Teilen 6a, 18 und 9 fluchten. Diese Stößellage muß auch eingestellt werden, wenn die Schmiedemaschine von der einen Verriegelungslage nach Fig. 4 in die andere Verriegelungslage nach Fig. 5 umgestellt werden soll.In order to switch the machine back to the roll-forge process, the actuating cylinders 23, 24 and 25 are actuated, as a result of which the locking bolts 19 are returned to their locking position and the locking bolts 20, 21 to their unlocking position according to FIG. 4. It is understood that in this process, the plunger 9 are controlled to their outer stroke end position so that all holes in parts 6a, 18 and 9 are aligned. This plunger position must also be set if the forging machine is to be switched from one locking position according to FIG. 4 to the other locking position according to FIG. 5.

In Fig. 8 bis 10 ist eine andere Möglichkeit zur Lösung der Aufgabe angedeutet, ohne Werkzeugwechsel und Zeitverlust eine Schmiedemaschine wahlweise auf das Schmiede-Roll-Verfahren oder das Universal-Verfahren einzurichten. Die Schmiedemaschine hat wiederum vier sternförmig in einer Ebene quer zur Schmiedeachse M angeordnete Antriebseinheiten mit hydraulischen Arbeitszylindern 7, Gelenkverbindungen 8, Stößeln 29 und Lenkerhebeln 30. Alle Stößel 29 tragen einteilige Werkzeuge 31, die über eine Verschiebeeinrichtung mit ihren Stößeln verbunden sind. Eine Verschiebeeinrichtung besteht aus einem Stellzylinder 32 mit wechselweise ausfahrbaren Kolbenstangen 33, 34, wobei die Zylinder 32 an den Stößeln 29 befestigt sind und die Kolbenstangen-Enden mit Querarmen 35 (Fig. 9) einer Tragplatte 36 für das Werkzeug 31 verbunden sind. Die Stellzylinder 32 sind an den Stößeln 29 befestigt und übertragen die von den Arbeitszylindern 7 ausgeübte Schmiedekraft auf die Tragplatten 36 nebst Werkzeugen 31. Wenn die Werkzeuge 31 nach Fig. 8 symmetrisch zur Kraftrichtung F der Arbeitszylinder 7 eingestellt sind, ist die Schmiedemaschine eingestellt auf das Roll-Schmiede-Verfahren, bei dem die Stößel 29 mit den freibeweglichen Lenkerhebeln 30 (entsprechend Fig. 4) über Riegelbolzen 37 verriegelt sind. Diese Riegelbolzen 37 sind von innen beaufschlagbar, um die Stößel 29 zu entriegeln. Um die Lenkerhebel 30 mit den deckelseitigen Rahmenteilen 6a zu verriegeln, werden die Riegelbolzen 20, 21 wie in Fig. 5 vorgesteuert. Bei dieser Verriegelungslage führen die Stößel 29 geradlinige Bewegungen aus, um das Universal-Verfahren anzuwenden. Hierzu werden paarweise gegenüberliegende Werkzeuge 31 mittels der Verschiebevorrichtung 32 bis 36 parallel zur Schmiedeachse M entgegengesetzt um eine halbe Werkzeugbreite verschoben, wie aus Fig. 9 und 10 ersichtlich ist. Mit Blick auf Fig. 7 gilt die aus Fig. 9 ersichtliche Querverschiebung für die gegenüberliegenden Werkzeuge 10 und 12, die die eine von zwei Freiform-Schmiedepressen bilden, wogegen die nach Fig. 10 entgegengesetzt verschobenen Werkzeuge 31 den WErkzeugen 11 und 13 einer hinteren Vertikalebene entsprechen und damit eine zweite Freiform-Schmiedepresse bilden.8 to 10 indicate another possibility for solving the problem of setting up a forging machine either with the forge-roll method or the universal method without changing tools and without losing time. The forging machine in turn has four drive units arranged in a star shape in a plane transverse to the forging axis M with hydraulic working cylinders 7, articulated connections 8, Tappets 29 and handlebar levers 30. All tappets 29 carry one-piece tools 31 which are connected to their tappets via a displacement device. A displacement device consists of an actuating cylinder 32 with alternately extendable piston rods 33, 34, the cylinders 32 being fastened to the plungers 29 and the ends of the piston rods being connected to cross arms 35 (FIG. 9) of a support plate 36 for the tool 31. The actuating cylinders 32 are fastened to the plungers 29 and transmit the forging force exerted by the working cylinders 7 to the support plates 36 together with tools 31. If the tools 31 according to FIG. 8 are set symmetrically to the direction of force F of the working cylinders 7, the forging machine is set to that Roll-forge method, in which the plunger 29 are locked with the freely movable handlebar levers 30 (corresponding to FIG. 4) via locking bolts 37. These locking bolts 37 can be acted on from the inside in order to unlock the plunger 29. In order to lock the control arm 30 with the frame parts 6a on the cover side, the locking bolts 20, 21 are pilot-controlled as in FIG. 5. In this locking position, the plungers 29 perform linear movements in order to use the universal method. For this purpose, opposing tools 31 are displaced in pairs by means of the displacement device 32 to 36 parallel to the forging axis M by half a tool width, as can be seen from FIGS. 9 and 10. With regard to FIG. 7, the transverse displacement shown in FIG. 9 applies to the opposing tools 10 and 12, which form one of two free-form forging presses, whereas the tools 31 displaced in the opposite direction according to FIG. 10 apply to the tools 11 and 13 of a rear vertical plane correspond and thus form a second freeform forging press.

Claims (7)

1. A forging machine for forging round or sharp-edged bars (5, 28) comprising four drive units arranged radially in a plane transverse to the forging axis (M) and having synchronously driven rams (9) carrying tools (10-13) arranged opposite one another in pairs, the rams being guided in sliding guides (18a) by steering arms (18) that can, as desired, either be fixed in position relative to the frame (6) of the machine or swivel in the vertical plane together with the rams, which are fixed in position relative to the sliding guides,
characterised in that each steering arm (18) carries an additional tool (14-17) forming, with the ram-side tool (10-13) two half-tools which, parallel to the forging axis (M), lie side by side in two vertical planes, and that the two pairs of rams (9) and steering arms (18) that carry the opposed pairs of half-tools exhibit when viewed in the direction of the forging axis (M) reverse orders of ram-side and steerin-garm-side half-tools (10-13 and 14-17 respectively).
2. A forging machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the rams (9) and the half-tools (10-13) carried by the rams on the one hand and the steering arms (18) with the other half-tools on the other hand are separated from one another by the vertical plane in the direction of the force exerted by the associated drive unit (7).
3. A forging machine according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that each steering arm (18) can, as desired, be positively locked by a system of bolts (19, 20, 21) adjustable in aligned bores transverse to the direction of swivelling either to the rams (9) or - with the rams in the outer end position - to the frame (6) of the machine.
4. A forging machine according to claim 3, characterised in that a locking bolt (19) is movable within the ram (9) and the swivel arm (18) by the control pistons of two control cylinders (22, 23), and that two further coaxial locking bolts (20, 21) are movable by respective control pistons (24, 25) of two control cylinders (26, 27) within the cover part (6a) of the frame and the steering arm (18).
5. A forging machine for forging round or sharp-edged bars (5, 28) comprising four drive units arranged radially in a plane transverse to the forging axis (M) and having synchronously driven rams (9) carrying tools (10-13) arranged opposite one another in pairs, the rams being guided in sliding guides (18a) by steering arms (18) that can, as desired, either be fixed in position relative to the frame (6) of the machine or swivel in the vertical plane together with the rams, which are fixed in position relative to the sliding guides,
characterised in that the tools (31) are connected by displacement means to their rams (29) and can be displaced in each direction of the forging axis (M) from the middle position symmetrical to the direction (F) of the force exerted by the drive unit (7) by half the width of the tool.
6. A forging machine according to claim 5, characterised in that the displacement means each consist of a control cylinder (32) with piston rods (33, 34) that can be advanced reciprocally, the cylinder being fixed to the ram (29) and the ends of the piston rods being connected by cross-arms (35) of a carrier plate (36) for the tool (31).
7. A forging machine according to claim 1 or claim 5, having rams driven by hydraulic working cylinders, characterised in that the synchronisation of one pair of opposite working cylinders (7) can be disabled and the rams (9, 29) of opposite working cylinders adjusted, individually or in pairs, until their tools (10, 12 or 11, 13 respectively) bear against the forging workpiece.
EP88121360A 1988-01-07 1988-12-21 Longitudinal forging machine for forging round or sharp-edged bars Expired - Lifetime EP0323607B1 (en)

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AT88121360T ATE73368T1 (en) 1988-01-07 1988-12-21 LONG FORGING MACHINE FOR FORGING ROUND OR SHARP BAR.

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DE3800220A DE3800220C1 (en) 1988-01-07 1988-01-07
DE3800220 1988-01-07

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EP (1) EP0323607B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0824986B2 (en)
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AT (1) ATE73368T1 (en)
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ATE73368T1 (en) 1992-03-15
ES2030149T3 (en) 1992-10-16
JPH0824986B2 (en) 1996-03-13
EP0323607A3 (en) 1989-11-29
US4905495A (en) 1990-03-06
DE3800220C1 (en) 1989-02-02
KR890011641A (en) 1989-08-21
EP0323607A2 (en) 1989-07-12
JPH01233036A (en) 1989-09-18
KR910009860B1 (en) 1991-12-03
US5000026A (en) 1991-03-19

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