EP0311025B1 - Device for shattering or splitting rocks or concrete by using a propellant charge and a liquid placed before said charge - Google Patents

Device for shattering or splitting rocks or concrete by using a propellant charge and a liquid placed before said charge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0311025B1
EP0311025B1 EP88116419A EP88116419A EP0311025B1 EP 0311025 B1 EP0311025 B1 EP 0311025B1 EP 88116419 A EP88116419 A EP 88116419A EP 88116419 A EP88116419 A EP 88116419A EP 0311025 B1 EP0311025 B1 EP 0311025B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
propellant charge
charge
borehole
placed before
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP88116419A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0311025A2 (en
EP0311025A3 (en
Inventor
Günter Mauer
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Friedrich Wilh Heym GmbH and Co KG
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Friedrich Wilh Heym GmbH and Co KG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
    • E21C37/12—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus for splitting or crushing rock, concrete and the like by means of a propellant charge and a liquid upstream thereof, with a housing for receiving the propellant charge with upstream liquid, at one end an ignition device for the propellant charge and at the other At the end of a nozzle is arranged, through which a liquid jet causing the splitting or crushing of the rock emerges after ignition of the propellant charge.
  • Such a device is known from DE-PS 29 07 759 and is mainly used for rust removal, cleaning, loosening or destroying connecting elements, but can also be used for crushing rock.
  • the device is placed on the outside of a rock in the rock to be shredded by hand, so that the nozzle is aligned with the hole. Then one inserted in a housing of the device, with Water-filled propellant cartridge ignited and the water jet "shot" through the nozzle into the borehole in order to split or crush the rock in question.
  • this known device can only be designed up to a certain limited output, since the recoil must be absorbed by the operator when the propellant cartridge is ignited, which naturally places limits.
  • the recoil means that part of the energy generated by the propellant charge is lost for the splitting or comminution process.
  • the device also has a baffle plate or protective hood, which is intended to collect flying stone and / or water.
  • this baffle plate does not reliably prevent the operator from being injured by rock pieces flying off to the side.
  • a cartridge is also known which is introduced into a borehole of the rock to be split or crushed and ignited therein.
  • This cartridge is designed so that after its ignition by the pressure of the combustion gases, the cartridge is clamped and insulated against the wall of the borehole.
  • the measures provided on the cartridge are not readily transferable to a device of the type described at the outset.
  • the disadvantage of this known cartridge is, moreover, that as a result of the use of only one propellant after splitting the rock, there is a splintering effect, which in turn requires greater safety measures.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an easy-to-use and reusable device with practically any performance for splitting or crushing stone, concrete, masonry and the like, which practically excludes a risk of injury to the operator and thus requires minimal safety measures and which above all uses the entire energy of the propellant charge, including the recoil energy, for splitting or crushing purposes.
  • the device When used, the device is inserted with its tube containing the propellant charge with upstream liquid into a borehole of the rock to be crushed and when the propellant charge is ignited in the borehole via the dowel-like Device is locked and locked, which has the advantage that the device no longer has to be held by hand during the ignition of the propellant charge, and can even be ignited by the operator at a certain distance if necessary.
  • the propellant charge inside the tube is ignited with the upstream liquid (contained in a cartridge), the combustion gases propel the incompressible liquid upstream of it, e.g. water, and the liquid emerges as a bundled jet from the nozzle of the device and strikes the rock to split or shred it.
  • the energy of the recoil supports this crushing effect of the liquid jet in that the conical driving surfaces radially expand the dowel-like device, which is thereby pressed against the borehole wall.
  • the above-mentioned insulation and locking of the device in the borehole takes place.
  • the pressure of the combustion gases and the liquid suddenly drop, so that there is no explosive or splintering effect and there is practically no risk of injury to the operator, which is why only minimal safety measures are required.
  • Another advantage of the device according to the invention is that it produces the highest pressures and thus the greatest effects can be achieved since the dowel-like device is the more radially spread and pressed against the borehole wall, the higher the pressure of the combustion gases and the greater the recoil .
  • the dowel-like device thereby contributes significantly to the splitting or crushing of the rock in addition to the liquid jet. Another advantage is that inevitably there is a change in the pressure of the combustion gases increasing holding force in the borehole results from the recoil. From an economic point of view, there is also an advantage in that the device according to the invention is extremely simple and can be used repeatedly in construction and, moreover, wearing parts are easily replaceable.
  • the splitting or crushing effect of the dowel-like device is further increased if the dowel-like device has an expansion sleeve consisting of several sections, each of which contains an inner cone at its two end regions, one of which has an outer cone on the tube and the other with an outer cone cooperates on the nozzle, which is arranged in the tube when the propellant charge is displaceable to the outside.
  • the recoil energy is transferred to the dowel-like device via the outer cone on the tube and an additional spreading force is generated via the outer cone on the nozzle, in that the liquid, which is under high pressure when the propellant charge is ignited, hits the nozzle and this in the tube to the outside drives or shifts.
  • the rock is split and the device is sealed and fastened in the borehole by the following forces:
  • the radial force on the expansion sleeve caused by the forward or. Outward movement of the nozzle over its outer cone, the force of the bundled jet of liquid emerging from the nozzle and the radial force on the expansion sleeve, caused by the recoil movement of the device after ignition of the propellant charge via the outer cone on the tube.
  • an additional force that supports the splitting of the rock and the fastening and damming of the device in the borehole can be generated in that the expansion sleeve can be radially expanded by a nut via a spacer sleeve that is displaceably arranged on the pipe a threaded section of the tube is screwed on. This force is therefore generated by prestressing the expansion sleeve by hand after the device has been introduced into a borehole.
  • a further embodiment of the invention which leads to a structural simplification of the device, is characterized in that a closure head for the propellant charge with upstream liquid is screwed onto the threaded section of the tube and carries the ignition device consisting of a mechanical or electrical design.
  • the device for splitting or crushing rock or the like contains a tube 16 with a threaded section 17, a closure head 5 which is screwed onto the threaded section 17 of the tube 16, and an ignition device 18 which is screwed into a threaded bore of the closure head 5.
  • the ignition device 18 in the exemplary embodiment consists of a mechanical design, but an electrical one can also be used. It comprises an impact piece 20 which can be driven by a spring 19 and which is displaceably mounted in a bore 21 of the housing 22 of the ignition device 18. 23 with a trigger pin is designated, which can be operated directly by hand or via a rope 24 or the like.
  • a spacer sleeve 13 and an expansion sleeve 3 are arranged on the tube 16.
  • the expansion sleeve 3 consists of three sections 3a (FIG. 2) which are held together by elastically flexible O-rings 14.
  • the expansion sleeve 3 has an inner cone 1 a (FIG. 3) at one end and an inner cone 2 a at its other end.
  • the inner cone 1 a cooperates with an outer cone 1 on a nozzle 4 which is axially displaceably mounted in the tube 16.
  • the inner cone 2a of the expansion sleeve 3 works together with an outer cone 2 on the tube 16.
  • 25 denotes a borehole in a piece of rock 26 to be split or crushed.
  • a cartridge 7 is inserted, which is held by the closure head 5 and contains a propellant charge 8, a sealing washer 9 and a liquid 10, for example water.
  • a nut 11 which is screwed onto the threaded section 17 and has a disk 12 in front thereof, is tightened, as a result of which the tube 16 is shifted slightly to the left according to FIG. 1.
  • the nut 11 presses via the washer 12 and the spacer sleeve 13 onto the multi-part expansion sleeve 3, which expands radially due to the interaction of the outer cone 2 on the tube 16 with the inner cone 2a on the expansion sleeve 3 and is pressed against the wall of the borehole 25.
  • the device is fastened in borehole 25 and has already been dammed to a certain extent so that the ignition can take place.
  • Figure 3 shows the device after ignition, which is caused by the fact that the trigger pin 23 is removed from the striker 20 so that the spring 19 can drive the latter against the firing pin 27, which is mounted in the locking head 5 and the ignition of the cartridge 7 causes.
  • the combustion gases of the propellant charge 8 press the liquid 10 in the direction of the nozzle 4 via the sealing disk 9, which is displaced to the right in accordance with FIG. 3.
  • the outer cone 1 on the nozzle 4 in cooperation with the inner cone 1a on the expansion sleeve 3, causes its further radial expansion.
  • the liquid jet 15 bundled by the nozzle 4 hits the upstream bore 28.
  • the recoil that occurs brings about a slight movement of the tube 16 according to FIG.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Pinball Game Machines (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Gerät zum Spalten oder Zerkleinern von Gestein, Beton und ähnlichem mittels einer Treibladung und einer dieser vorgelagerten Flüssigkeit, mit einem Gehäuse zur Aufnahme der Treibladung mit vorgelagerter Flüssigkeit, an dessen einen Ende eine Zündvorrichtung für die Treibladung und an dessen anderen Ende eine Düse angeordnet ist, durch welche nach Zündung der Treibladung ein die Spaltung oder Zerkleinerung des Gesteins bewirkender Flüssigkeitsstrahl austritt.The invention relates to an apparatus for splitting or crushing rock, concrete and the like by means of a propellant charge and a liquid upstream thereof, with a housing for receiving the propellant charge with upstream liquid, at one end an ignition device for the propellant charge and at the other At the end of a nozzle is arranged, through which a liquid jet causing the splitting or crushing of the rock emerges after ignition of the propellant charge.

Ein derartiges Gerät ist durch die DE-PS 29 07 759 bekannt und wird vorwiegend zum Entrosten, Reinigen, Lösen oder Zerstören von Verbindungselementen eingesetzt, kann aber auch zum Zerkleinern von Gestein verwendet werden. In dem zuletzt genannten Fall wird das Gerät über einem Bohrloch in dem zu zerkleinernden Gestein außen auf dieses von Hand aufgesetzt, so daß die Düse mit dem Bohrloch fluchtet. Dann wird eine in einem Gehäuse des Geräts eingebrachte, mit Wasser gefüllte Treibkartusche gezündet und der Wasserstrahl durch die Düse gebündelt in das Bohrloch "geschossen", um das betreffende Gestein zu spalten bzw. zu zerkleinern. Dieses bekannte Gerät kann jedoch nur bis zu einer gewissen begrenzten Leistung ausgelegt werden, da der Rückstoß beim Zünden der Treibkartusche vom Bediener aufgefangen werden muß, wodurch natürlicherweise Grenzen gesetzt sind. Ein weiterer Mangel dieses Geräts besteht darin, daß durch den Rückstoß ein Teil der durch die Treibladung erzeugten Energie für den Spalt- bzw. Zerkleinerungsvorgang verloren geht. Aus Sicherheitsgründen besitzt das Gerät ferner eine Prallscheibe bzw. Schutzhaube, die zurückfliegendes Gestein und/oder Wasser auffangen soll. Diese Prallscheibe verhindert jedoch nicht sicher, daß der Bediener durch seitlich wegfliegende Gesteinsstücke verletzt wird.Such a device is known from DE-PS 29 07 759 and is mainly used for rust removal, cleaning, loosening or destroying connecting elements, but can also be used for crushing rock. In the latter case, the device is placed on the outside of a rock in the rock to be shredded by hand, so that the nozzle is aligned with the hole. Then one inserted in a housing of the device, with Water-filled propellant cartridge ignited and the water jet "shot" through the nozzle into the borehole in order to split or crush the rock in question. However, this known device can only be designed up to a certain limited output, since the recoil must be absorbed by the operator when the propellant cartridge is ignited, which naturally places limits. Another deficiency of this device is that the recoil means that part of the energy generated by the propellant charge is lost for the splitting or comminution process. For safety reasons, the device also has a baffle plate or protective hood, which is intended to collect flying stone and / or water. However, this baffle plate does not reliably prevent the operator from being injured by rock pieces flying off to the side.

Im Bergbau, in der Steinindustrie und beim Abraum von Gestein und Erde kommt es laufend vor, daß größere Gesteinsstücke den Arbeitsablauf behindern. Die Folgen sind meist Stillstand von Förderbändern, Anlagen und Maschinen, bis die Zerkleinerung und Entfernung der größeren Gesteinsstücke erfolgt ist. Die für diese Zwecke bekannten, mit Druckluft arbeitenden Geräte sind jedoch schwierig zu bedienen, stellen einen großen maschinellen Aufwand dar und unterliegen durch die hohen Beanspruchungen einem starken Verschleiß.In mining, the stone industry and in the clearing of rock and earth, it is constantly the case that larger pieces of rock hinder the workflow. The consequences are usually downtime of conveyor belts, plants and machines until the larger pieces of rock have been crushed and removed. Known for this purpose, working with compressed air devices are difficult to use, represent a great deal of mechanical effort and are subject to heavy wear due to the high loads.

Durch die DE-OS 3 321 357 ist weiterhin eine Kartusche bekannt, die in ein Bohrloch des zu spaltenden bzw. zu zerkleinernden Gesteins eingebracht und darin gezündet wird. Diese Kartusche ist so ausgebildet, daß nach ihrer Zündung durch den Druck der Verbrennungsgase die Kartusche an der Bohrlochwandung festgeklemmt und verdämmt wird. Die für diese Zwecke an der Kartusche vorgesehenen Maßnahmen sind jedoch nicht ohne weiteres auf ein Gerät der eingangs bezeichneten Bauart übertragbar. Der Nachteil dieser bekannten Kartusche besteht im übrigen darin, daß infolge der Verwendung von nur einem Treibmittel nach der Spaltung des Gesteins eine Splitterwirkung vorherrscht, die wiederum größere Sicherheitsmaßnahmen erforderlich macht.From DE-OS 3 321 357 a cartridge is also known which is introduced into a borehole of the rock to be split or crushed and ignited therein. This cartridge is designed so that after its ignition by the pressure of the combustion gases, the cartridge is clamped and insulated against the wall of the borehole. The for however, the measures provided on the cartridge are not readily transferable to a device of the type described at the outset. The disadvantage of this known cartridge is, moreover, that as a result of the use of only one propellant after splitting the rock, there is a splintering effect, which in turn requires greater safety measures.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein einfach zu handhabendes und wiederverwendbares Gerät mit praktisch beliebiger Leistungsfähigkeit zum Spalten oder Zerkleinern von Gestein, Beton, Mauerwerk und dergleichen zu schaffen, welches eine Verletzungsgefahr der Bedienungsperson praktisch ausschließt und somit geringste Sicherheitsmaßnahmen erfordert und welches vor allem die gesamte Energie der Treibladung, einschließlich der Rückstoßenergie für die Spalt- oder Zerkleinerungszwecke nutzt.The invention has for its object to provide an easy-to-use and reusable device with practically any performance for splitting or crushing stone, concrete, masonry and the like, which practically excludes a risk of injury to the operator and thus requires minimal safety measures and which above all uses the entire energy of the propellant charge, including the recoil energy, for splitting or crushing purposes.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß

  • a) das Gerät als Gehäuse zur Aufnahme der Treibladung mit vorgelagerter Flüssigkeit ein in ein Bohrloch des zu spaltenden oder zu zerkleinernden Objekts einsteckbares Rohr aufweist und
  • b) das Gerät mit konischen Treibflächen versehen ist, die bei Zündung der Treibladung eine auf dem Rohr angeordnete dübelartige Vorrichtung radial spreizen, um das Rohr im Bohrloch zu verdämmen und zu befestigen.
This object is achieved in that
  • a) the device has, as a housing for receiving the propellant charge with upstream liquid, a tube which can be inserted into a borehole of the object to be split or crushed, and
  • b) the device is provided with conical blowing surfaces which, when the propellant charge is ignited, radially spread a dowel-like device arranged on the pipe in order to seal and fasten the pipe in the borehole.

Das Gerät wird beim Einsatz mit seinem die Treibladung mit vorgelagerter Flüssigkeit enthaltenden Rohr in ein Bohrloch des zu zerkleinernden Gesteins eingebracht und bei Zündung der Treibladung indem Bohrloch über die dübelartige Vorrichtung verdämmt und arretiert, was den Vorteil bringt, daß das Gerät während der Zündung der Treibladung nicht mehr von Hand gehalten werden muß, ja sogar im Bedarfsfall in einer gewissen Distanz eine Zündung durch den Bediener erfolgen kann. Wenn die im Innern des Rohres befindliche Treibladung mit vorgelagerter Flüssigkeit (in einer Kartusche enthalten) gezündet wird, treiben die Verbrennungsgase die ihr vorgelagerte nicht komprimierbare Flüssigkeit, z.B. Wasser nach vorne und die Flüssigkeit tritt als gebündelter Strahl aus der Düse des Geräts aus und trifft auf das Gestein, um dieses zu spalten oder zu zerkleinern. Die Energie des Rückstoßes unterstützt diese Zerkleinerungswirkung des Flüssigkeitsstrahls dadurch, daß die konischen Treibflächen die dübelartige Vorrichtung radial spreizen, welche dadurch gegen die Bohrlochwandung gepreßt wird. Hierbei erfolgt gleichzeitig die schon erwähnte Verdämmung und Arretierung des Geräts im Bohrloch. Nach erfolgter Spaltung bzw. Zerkleinerung des Gesteins fällt der Druck der Verbrennungsgase sowie der Flüssigkeit schlagartig ab, so daß keine Spreng- oder Splitterwirkung entsteht und eine Verletzungsgefahr der Bedienungsperson praktisch ausgeschlossen ist, weshalb nur noch geringste Sicherheitsmaßnahmen erforderlich sind. Ein weiterer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Geräts liegt darin, daß hiermit höchste Drücke erzeugt und somit größte Wirkungen erzielt werden können, da die dübelartige Vorrichtung um so mehr radial gespreizt und gegen die Bohrlochwandung gedrückt wird, je höher der Druck der Verbrennungsgase und zwangsläufig größer der Rückstoß ist. Die dübelartige Vorrichtung trägt dadurch neben dem Flüssigkeitsstrahl wesentlich zur Spaltung bzw. Zerkleinerung des Gesteins bei. Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, daß sich bei erhöhenden Drücken der Verbrennungsgase zwangsläufig eine sich erhöhende Haltekraft im Bohrloch durch den Rückstoß ergibt. In wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht ergibt sich noch ein Vorteil dadurch, daß das erfindungsgemäße Gerät im Aufbau äußerst einfach und wiederholt verwendbar ist und außerdem Verschleißteile einfach austauschbar sind.When used, the device is inserted with its tube containing the propellant charge with upstream liquid into a borehole of the rock to be crushed and when the propellant charge is ignited in the borehole via the dowel-like Device is locked and locked, which has the advantage that the device no longer has to be held by hand during the ignition of the propellant charge, and can even be ignited by the operator at a certain distance if necessary. When the propellant charge inside the tube is ignited with the upstream liquid (contained in a cartridge), the combustion gases propel the incompressible liquid upstream of it, e.g. water, and the liquid emerges as a bundled jet from the nozzle of the device and strikes the rock to split or shred it. The energy of the recoil supports this crushing effect of the liquid jet in that the conical driving surfaces radially expand the dowel-like device, which is thereby pressed against the borehole wall. At the same time, the above-mentioned insulation and locking of the device in the borehole takes place. After the rock has been split or crushed, the pressure of the combustion gases and the liquid suddenly drop, so that there is no explosive or splintering effect and there is practically no risk of injury to the operator, which is why only minimal safety measures are required. Another advantage of the device according to the invention is that it produces the highest pressures and thus the greatest effects can be achieved since the dowel-like device is the more radially spread and pressed against the borehole wall, the higher the pressure of the combustion gases and the greater the recoil . The dowel-like device thereby contributes significantly to the splitting or crushing of the rock in addition to the liquid jet. Another advantage is that inevitably there is a change in the pressure of the combustion gases increasing holding force in the borehole results from the recoil. From an economic point of view, there is also an advantage in that the device according to the invention is extremely simple and can be used repeatedly in construction and, moreover, wearing parts are easily replaceable.

Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor. So wird die Spalt- oder Zerkleinerungswirkung der dübelartigen Vorrichtung weiter erhöht, wenn die dübelartige Vorrichtung eine aus mehreren Teilstücken bestehende Spreizhülse aufweist, die an ihren beiden Endbereichen je einen Innenkonus enthält, von welchen der eine mit einem Außenkonus am Rohr und der andere mit einem Außenkonus an der Düse zusammenarbeitet, die in dem Rohr bei Zündung der Treibladung nach außen verschieblich angeordnet ist. Über den Außenkonus am Rohr wird die Rückstoßenergie auf die dübelartige Vorrichtung übertragen und über den Außenkonus an der Düse wird eine zusätzliche Spreizkraft erzeugt, dadurch, daß die bei Zündung der Treibladung unter hohem Druck stehende Flüssigkeit auf die Düse auftrifft und diese in dem Rohr nach außen treibt bzw. verschiebt. Bei dieser Ausführungsform der Erfindung erfolgt also die Spaltung des Gesteins sowie die Verdämmung und Befestigung des Geräts in dem Bohrloch durch folgende Kräfte:
Die radiale Kraft auf die Spreizhülse, hervorgerufen durch die Vorwärts-bzw. Auswärtsbewegung der Düse über ihren Außenkonus,
die Kraft des gebündelten Flüssigkeitsstrahls, der aus der Düse austritt und
die radiale Kraft auf die Spreizhülse, hervorgerufen durch die Rückstoßbewegung des Geräts nach Zündung der Treibladung über den Außenkonus am Rohr.Embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims. Thus, the splitting or crushing effect of the dowel-like device is further increased if the dowel-like device has an expansion sleeve consisting of several sections, each of which contains an inner cone at its two end regions, one of which has an outer cone on the tube and the other with an outer cone cooperates on the nozzle, which is arranged in the tube when the propellant charge is displaceable to the outside. The recoil energy is transferred to the dowel-like device via the outer cone on the tube and an additional spreading force is generated via the outer cone on the nozzle, in that the liquid, which is under high pressure when the propellant charge is ignited, hits the nozzle and this in the tube to the outside drives or shifts. In this embodiment of the invention, the rock is split and the device is sealed and fastened in the borehole by the following forces:
The radial force on the expansion sleeve, caused by the forward or. Outward movement of the nozzle over its outer cone,
the force of the bundled jet of liquid emerging from the nozzle and
the radial force on the expansion sleeve, caused by the recoil movement of the device after ignition of the propellant charge via the outer cone on the tube.

Bei noch einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann eine zusätzliche, die Spaltung des Gesteins sowie die Befestigung und Verdämmung des Geräts im Bohrloch unterstützende Kraft dadurch erzeugt werden, daß die Spreizhülse über eine auf dem Rohr verschieblich angeordnete Distanzhülse durch eine Mutter radial aufweitbar ist, die auf einem Gewindeabschnitt des Rohres aufgeschraubt ist. Diese Kraft wird also durch Vorspannung der Spreizhülse nach erfolgter Einbringung des Geräts in ein Bohrloch von Hand erzeugt.In yet another embodiment of the invention, an additional force that supports the splitting of the rock and the fastening and damming of the device in the borehole can be generated in that the expansion sleeve can be radially expanded by a nut via a spacer sleeve that is displaceably arranged on the pipe a threaded section of the tube is screwed on. This force is therefore generated by prestressing the expansion sleeve by hand after the device has been introduced into a borehole.

Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung, die zu einer baulichen Vereinfachung des Geräts führt, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf dem Gewindeabschnitt des Rohres ein Verschlußkopf für die Treibladung mit vorgelagerter Flüssigkeit aufgeschraubt ist, der die aus einer mechanischen oder elektrischen Ausführung bestehende Zündvorrichtung trägt.A further embodiment of the invention, which leads to a structural simplification of the device, is characterized in that a closure head for the propellant charge with upstream liquid is screwed onto the threaded section of the tube and carries the ignition device consisting of a mechanical or electrical design.

Die Erfindung wird anschließend anhand der Zeichnungen eines Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
einen Längsschnitt des in ein Bohrloch eingebrachten Geräts im geladenen und gespannten Zustand;
Figur 2
eine Schnittansicht entlang der Linie A - B in Fig. 1 und
Figur 3
eine der Fig. 1 ähnliche Schnittansicht, jedoch nach erfolgter Zündung der Treibladung.
The invention is subsequently explained with reference to the drawings of an exemplary embodiment. Show it:
Figure 1
a longitudinal section of the device placed in a borehole in the loaded and tensioned state;
Figure 2
a sectional view taken along the line A - B in Fig. 1 and
Figure 3
one of FIG. 1 similar sectional view, but after the propellant charge has ignited.

Das Gerät zum Spalten oder Zerkleinern von Gestein oder dergleichen enthält ein Rohr 16 mit einem Gewindeabschnitt 17, einen Verschlußkopf 5, der auf den Gewindeabschnitt 17 des Rohres 16 aufgeschraubt ist, sowie eine Zündvorrichtung 18, die in eine Gewindebohrung des Verschlußkopfes 5 eingeschraubt ist. Die Zündvorrichtung 18 besteht beim Ausführungsbeispiel aus einer mechanischen Ausführung, aber auch eine elektrische ist verwendbar. Sie umfaßt ein durch eine Feder 19 antreibbares Schlagstück 20, das in einer Bohrung 21 des Gehäuses 22 der Zündvorrichtung 18 verschieblich gelagert ist. Mit 23 ist ein Auslösestift bezeichnet, der unmittelbar von Hand oder auch über ein Seil 24 oder dergleichen fernbedient werden kann.The device for splitting or crushing rock or the like contains a tube 16 with a threaded section 17, a closure head 5 which is screwed onto the threaded section 17 of the tube 16, and an ignition device 18 which is screwed into a threaded bore of the closure head 5. The ignition device 18 in the exemplary embodiment consists of a mechanical design, but an electrical one can also be used. It comprises an impact piece 20 which can be driven by a spring 19 and which is displaceably mounted in a bore 21 of the housing 22 of the ignition device 18. 23 with a trigger pin is designated, which can be operated directly by hand or via a rope 24 or the like.

Auf dem Rohr 16 sind eine Distanzhülse 13 und eine Spreizhülse 3 angeordnet. Die Spreizhülse 3 besteht beim Ausführungsbeispiel aus drei Teilstücken 3a (Fig. 2), die durch elastisch nachgiebige O-Ringe 14 zusammengehalten sind. Die Spreizhülse 3 weist an ihrem einen Ende einen Innenkonus 1a (Fig. 3) und an ihrem anderen Ende einen Innenkonus 2a auf. Der Innenkonus 1a wirkt mit einem Außenkonus 1 an einer Düse 4 zusammen, die im Rohr 16 axial verschieblich gelagert ist. Der Innenkonus 2a der Spreizhülse 3 arbeitet mit einem Außenkonus 2 am Rohr 16 zusammen. Mit 25 ist ein Bohrloch in einem zu spaltenden oder zu zerkleinernden Gesteinsstück 26 bezeichnet.A spacer sleeve 13 and an expansion sleeve 3 are arranged on the tube 16. In the exemplary embodiment, the expansion sleeve 3 consists of three sections 3a (FIG. 2) which are held together by elastically flexible O-rings 14. The expansion sleeve 3 has an inner cone 1 a (FIG. 3) at one end and an inner cone 2 a at its other end. The inner cone 1 a cooperates with an outer cone 1 on a nozzle 4 which is axially displaceably mounted in the tube 16. The inner cone 2a of the expansion sleeve 3 works together with an outer cone 2 on the tube 16. 25 denotes a borehole in a piece of rock 26 to be split or crushed.

In das linke Ende des Rohres 16 (gemäß Fig.1 und 3) ist eine Kartusche 7 eingesetzt, die vom Verschlußkopf 5 gehalten wird und eine Treibladung 8, eine Dichtungsscheibe 9 sowie eine Flüssigkeit 10, z.B. Wasser enthält.In the left end of the tube 16 (according to FIGS. 1 and 3), a cartridge 7 is inserted, which is held by the closure head 5 and contains a propellant charge 8, a sealing washer 9 and a liquid 10, for example water.

Nach erfolgter Einführung des Geräts in das Bohrloch 25 wird eine auf den Gewindeabschnitt 17 aufgedrehte Mutter 11, der eine Scheibe 12 vorgelagert ist, angezogen, wodurch das Rohr 16 geringfügig gemäß Fig. 1 nach links verschoben wird. Dabei drückt die Mutter 11 über die Scheibe 12 und die Distanzhülse 13 auf die mehrteilige Spreizhülse 3, die sich durch das Zusammenwirken des Aüßenkonus 2 am Rohr 16 mit dem Innenkonus 2a an der Spreizhülse 3 radial aufweitet und gegen die Wandung des Bohrloches 25 gedrückt wird. In diesem Zustand ist das Gerät im Bohrloch 25 befestigt und bereits in einem gewissen Ausmaß verdämmt, so daß die Zündung erfolgen kann.After the device has been inserted into the borehole 25, a nut 11, which is screwed onto the threaded section 17 and has a disk 12 in front thereof, is tightened, as a result of which the tube 16 is shifted slightly to the left according to FIG. 1. The nut 11 presses via the washer 12 and the spacer sleeve 13 onto the multi-part expansion sleeve 3, which expands radially due to the interaction of the outer cone 2 on the tube 16 with the inner cone 2a on the expansion sleeve 3 and is pressed against the wall of the borehole 25. In this state, the device is fastened in borehole 25 and has already been dammed to a certain extent so that the ignition can take place.

Die Figur 3 zeigt das Gerät nach erfolgter Zündung, die dadurch bewirkt wird, daß der Auslösestift 23 von dem Schlagstück 20 entfernt wird, so daß die Feder 19 letzteres gegen den Schlagbolzen 27 treiben kann, der im Verschlußkopf 5 gelagert ist und die Zündung der Kartusche 7 bewirkt. Die Verbrennungsgase der Treibladung 8 drücken über die Dichtungsscheibe 9 die Flüssigkeit 10 in Richtung Düse 4, die dabei gemäß Fig. 3 nach rechts verschoben wird. Der Außenkonus 1 an der Düse 4 bewirkt in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Innenkonus 1a an der Spreizhülse 3 deren weitere radiale Aufweitung. Zugleich trifft der durch die Düse 4 gebündelte Flüssigkeitsstrahl 15 in die vorgelagerte Bohrung 28. Der dabei auftretende Rückstoß bewirkt eine geringfügige Bewegung des Rohres 16 gemäß Fig. 3 nach links, die über den Außenkonus 2 am Rohr 16 und Innenkonus 2a an der Spreizhülse 3 ein zusätzliches Aufweiten der Spreizhülse 3 zur Folge hat. Der dadurch von der Spreizhülse 3 auf die Wandung des Bohrloches 25 ausgeübte Druck unterstützt die Spaltungswirkung des Flüssigkeitsstrahls 15. Dabei ist zu beachten, daß bei höheren Drücken der entsprechend stärker werdende Rückstoß und die zunehmende Spreizkraft durch die Düse 4 eine zunehmende radiale Aufweitung der Spreizhülse 3 bewirken. Auch die ursprüngliche Vorspannung des Geräts im Bohrloch 25 durch die Mutter 11 über die Distanzhülse 13 trägt zur Spaltung oder Zerkleinerung des Gesteinsstücks 26 bei.Figure 3 shows the device after ignition, which is caused by the fact that the trigger pin 23 is removed from the striker 20 so that the spring 19 can drive the latter against the firing pin 27, which is mounted in the locking head 5 and the ignition of the cartridge 7 causes. The combustion gases of the propellant charge 8 press the liquid 10 in the direction of the nozzle 4 via the sealing disk 9, which is displaced to the right in accordance with FIG. 3. The outer cone 1 on the nozzle 4, in cooperation with the inner cone 1a on the expansion sleeve 3, causes its further radial expansion. At the same time, the liquid jet 15 bundled by the nozzle 4 hits the upstream bore 28. The recoil that occurs brings about a slight movement of the tube 16 according to FIG. 3 to the left, which occurs via the outer cone 2 on the tube 16 and the inner cone 2a on the expansion sleeve 3 additional expansion of the expansion sleeve 3 results. The pressure exerted thereby by the expansion sleeve 3 on the wall of the borehole 25 supports the splitting effect of the liquid jet 15. It should be noted that at higher pressures the corresponding stronger recoil and the increasing spreading force through the nozzle 4 cause an increasing radial expansion of the expansion sleeve 3. The initial pretensioning of the device in the borehole 25 by the nut 11 via the spacer sleeve 13 also contributes to the splitting or crushing of the piece of rock 26.

Claims (4)

  1. A device for shattering or splitting rocks, concrete and the like by using a propellant charge and a liquid placed before said charge, with a casing receiving the propellant charge with liquid placed before it, and on one end of which there is located a detonator for the propellant charge, and on whose other end there is disposed a nozzle through which a jet of liquid effecting the splitting or shattering of the rock emerges after detonation of the propellant charge, characterised in that:
    a) the device has, as a casing for receiving the propellant charge with liquid placed before it (7-10), a tube (16) which is insertable into a borehole (25) in the object (26) to be split or shattered, and
    b) the device is provided with conical propellant surfaces (1, 1a, 2, 2a) which, upon detonation of the propellant charge (8), radially expand a plug-like device (3, 14) disposed on the tube (16), in order to block and secure the tube (16) in the borehole (25).
  2. A device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the plug-like device has an expansion sleeve comprising several parts (3a), and which has on each of its ends an internal cone (1a, 2a), one of which (2a) cooperates with an external cone (2) on the tube, and the other (1a) with an external cone (1) on the nozzle (4), which is disposed in the tube (16) so as to be movable outwards upon detonation of the propellant charge (8).
  3. A device according to Claim 2, characterised in that the expansion sleeve (3) is radially expandable via a spacer sleeve (13) disposed movably on the tube (16) by means of a nut (11) which is screwed on to a threaded portion (17) of the tube (16).
  4. A device according to Claim 3, characterised in that a closure (5) for the propellant charge with liquid placed before it (7-10) is screwed on to the threaded portion (17) of the tube (16), said closure carrying the detonator (18-24) comprising a mechanical or electrical means.
EP88116419A 1987-10-07 1988-10-05 Device for shattering or splitting rocks or concrete by using a propellant charge and a liquid placed before said charge Expired - Lifetime EP0311025B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3733819A DE3733819C1 (en) 1987-10-07 1987-10-07 Device for splitting or crushing stone, concrete and the like by means of a propellant charge and one of the upstream liquids
DE3733819 1987-10-07

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0311025A2 EP0311025A2 (en) 1989-04-12
EP0311025A3 EP0311025A3 (en) 1989-11-23
EP0311025B1 true EP0311025B1 (en) 1992-01-02

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EP88116419A Expired - Lifetime EP0311025B1 (en) 1987-10-07 1988-10-05 Device for shattering or splitting rocks or concrete by using a propellant charge and a liquid placed before said charge

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EP (1) EP0311025B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3733819C1 (en)
NO (1) NO168326C (en)
ZA (1) ZA887499B (en)

Cited By (1)

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US6708619B2 (en) 2000-02-29 2004-03-23 Rocktek Limited Cartridge shell and cartridge for blast holes and method of use

Families Citing this family (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4136096C1 (en) * 1991-11-02 1992-12-17 Edwin Deutgen Kunststofftechnik Gmbh, 3102 Hermannsburg, De Device for placing explosive charge on bottom of vertical borehole, etc. - includes casing with bottom end connected to blasting cartridge with outer dia. smaller than bore of drill pipe, etc.
GB9219818D0 (en) * 1992-09-18 1992-10-28 Explosive Dev Ltd Improvements in or relating to target deforming means
US6347837B1 (en) 1999-03-11 2002-02-19 Becktek Limited Slide assembly having retractable gas-generator apparatus
US6321655B1 (en) 1999-03-11 2001-11-27 Rocktek Limited Method and apparatus for flyrock control in small charge blasting
US6339992B1 (en) 1999-03-11 2002-01-22 Rocktek Limited Small charge blasting apparatus including device for sealing pressurized fluids in holes
CN111765824B (en) * 2020-07-01 2023-10-03 中国水利水电第十六工程局有限公司 Method for removing old dam

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DE2907759C2 (en) * 1979-02-28 1982-06-16 Bergwerksverband Gmbh, 4300 Essen Device for derusting, cleaning and loosening or destroying connecting elements
DE3321357A1 (en) * 1983-06-14 1984-12-20 Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf Industrial cartridge
JPH0213597Y2 (en) * 1984-10-23 1990-04-13
EP0225415A1 (en) * 1985-12-10 1987-06-16 Okumura Machinery Corporation Rock breaking or crushing device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6708619B2 (en) 2000-02-29 2004-03-23 Rocktek Limited Cartridge shell and cartridge for blast holes and method of use

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO883907D0 (en) 1988-09-01
NO883907L (en) 1989-04-10
DE3733819C1 (en) 1988-08-18
EP0311025A2 (en) 1989-04-12
NO168326B (en) 1991-10-28
EP0311025A3 (en) 1989-11-23
ZA887499B (en) 1989-10-25
NO168326C (en) 1992-02-05

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