EP0307805B1 - Grinding machine - Google Patents

Grinding machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0307805B1
EP0307805B1 EP88114723A EP88114723A EP0307805B1 EP 0307805 B1 EP0307805 B1 EP 0307805B1 EP 88114723 A EP88114723 A EP 88114723A EP 88114723 A EP88114723 A EP 88114723A EP 0307805 B1 EP0307805 B1 EP 0307805B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grinding
point
hinge
swivel plate
vertical axis
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP88114723A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0307805A2 (en
EP0307805A3 (en
Inventor
Herbert Setzer
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Fortuna Werke Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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Fortuna Werke Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/01—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor for combined grinding of surfaces of revolution and of adjacent plane surfaces on work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a grinding machine with a grinding spindle which can be moved in a horizontal plane relative to a workpiece, the grinding spindle driving a grinding wheel which can be rotated about a horizontal axis and is arranged on a swivel plate which is relative to a base plate is rotatable about a vertical axis, a measuring device for detecting the relative rotational position of the swivel plate and base plate being provided, which has a first sensor element rigidly connected to the base plate and a second sensor element rotatable with the swivel plate.
  • a grinding machine of the type mentioned above is known from document EP-A-131 366.
  • the known grinding machine is numerically controlled and has a swiveling grinding slide.
  • a rotation sensor is provided, the rotor of which is connected to the pivot shaft of the grinding slide and can be rotated together with it, while its stator is fixedly connected to the machine bed and is arranged close to, but spaced from, the rotor .
  • the known grinding machine is a commercially available rotary sensor which is connected directly to the rotating elements.
  • the integration of the rotation sensor in the swiveling grinding slide requires considerable design measures.
  • the rotation sensor in this known machine is difficult to access, so that not only a complicated structure, but also lengthy work is required to maintain and possibly replace the pivoting device and the measuring device in the known grinding machine.
  • a dividing device with a turntable is known.
  • the turntable can be swiveled around a vertical axis.
  • the turntable has a circumferential ring gear on its underside, which is connected to a drive motor via several, partially angled gear sets.
  • the drive motor is flanged to the side of a housing of the dividing head.
  • the drive pinion connected to the output shaft of the drive motor thus meshes with the ring gear of the rotary table on the one hand via several gear sets, but on the other hand the drive pinion is also connected via further gear sets to a rotary encoder, which is located next to the drive motor in a drive housing that is laterally connected to the housing of the Partial apparatus is flanged.
  • the multiple ratios in both power flows from the drive motor to the turntable on the one hand and to the rotary encoder on the other hand are chosen so that the rotary encoder rotates synchronously with the rotary table and gives a pulse-shaped output signal for each degree of rotation of the rotary table.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of developing a grinding machine of the type mentioned at the outset such that a simple and robust structure is created for the measuring device and that the measuring device allows the rotational position of the grinding spindle to be detected with the precision of rotary angle sensors which is possible today.
  • the sensor elements are arranged outside the swivel plate in a manner known per se and in that the second sensor element is connected to the swivel plate via a gear and in that the gear is a joint parallelogram.
  • the object on which the invention is based is completely achieved in this way because the measuring device, which is now arranged far outside the swivel plate, is almost freely accessible with the two sensor elements, so that it can not only be electrically wired in a simple manner but also for occasional maintenance and Repair work is easily accessible.
  • the gear mechanism between the swivel plate and the second sensor element can be designed to be mechanically highly precise, so that the second sensor element, be it angularly synchronous or via a translation, follows the rotary movement of the swivel plate without noticeable measurement errors.
  • the measure of providing an articulated parallelogram has the essential advantage that a gearbox is used that has only parts that can be rotated relative to one another, which has the advantage that the very high precision of rotary bearings that can be used today can be exploited without taking into account, for example, hysteresis errors must be, as they occur when converting rotary movements into linear movements via gears or the like.
  • the articulated parallelogram has the advantage that the rotary bearings arranged at the corner points of the parallelogram pivot by the same angle when the parallelogram is pivoted, so that an angularly synchronous rotation of the second sensor element in this case is possible through the exclusive use of rotary movements.
  • a first corner point of the joint parallelogram lies on the vertical axis and a second point adjacent to the first corner point lies at the location of the second sensor element.
  • This measure has the advantage that the location of the vertical axis, i.e. the pivot point of the grinding spindle is "mirrored" at the point of the second sensor element, so that the second sensor element follows the rotational movement of the grinding spindle in the form of the rotational movement about the vertical axis directly and in synchronism with the angle.
  • a practical embodiment of this variant is characterized in that a first articulation point for a first articulated rod is provided at a point on the swivel plate spaced from the vertical axis, the free end of which is pivotally connected to a second articulated rod at an articulation point, the other end of which is in turn a second articulation point carries the second sensor element, which is the length of the first articulated rod equal to the length of the connecting line between the second articulation point and the vertical axis and the length of the second articulated rod equal to the length of the connecting line between the first articulation point and the vertical axis.
  • This measure has the advantage that the desired joint parallelogram with reflection of the rotary movement of the grinding spindle into a point outside the swivel plate by using only two joint rods with three joint points is possible. In this way, a particularly compact, robust arrangement, which can also be used under the harsh operating conditions of machine tools, is produced, in which the measuring device can be arranged easily accessible outside the range of movement of the swivel plate.
  • a variant of this exemplary embodiment is preferred, in which a pivot bearing acting in the first articulation point is axially clamped, while a pivot bearing acting in the articulation point is axially displaceable.
  • This measure has the advantage that a lifting and lowering movement of the swivel plate in the direction of the vertical axis is possible without this interfering with the function of the measuring device.
  • Such a lifting and lowering movement of the swivel plate can advantageously be used to lift it off the base plate on an air cushion when swiveling the swivel plate, so that only low torques are required when swiveling the swivel plate with the units arranged thereon.
  • 10 designates an external cylindrical grinding machine as a whole.
  • a rotationally symmetrical workpiece 13 is clamped between a workpiece spindle 11 and a tailstock 12 and extends along a first axis 14, which is usually referred to as the z-axis.
  • the workpiece is rotated about the z-axis in defined angular steps and one then speaks of a so-called c-axis.
  • the grinding machine 10 is only shown and explained for reasons of clarity as an external cylindrical grinding machine, but the invention is by no means limited to this application, because the following explanation also applies to internal cylindrical grinding machines or to grinding machines for non-rotationally symmetrical ones Can obtain workpieces.
  • a grinding carriage 20 is slidably arranged in a second axis 21, which is usually referred to as the x-axis.
  • the second axis 21 is set to the first axis 14 by an angle ⁇ 1 which e.g. Can be 55 °.
  • the grinding carriage 20 carries a grinding spindle 22, which drives a grinding wheel 23, the grinding wheel 23 being rotatable about a grinding wheel axis 24, which is usually perpendicular to the second axis 21.
  • the grinding spindle 22 can be rotated with the grinding carriage 20 overall about a third axis 25, which runs perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 1 as the vertical axis.
  • This rotation of the grinding spindle 22 about the vertical axis 25 can be used, for example, to grind the outside of the workpiece shown enlarged in FIG. 1a, the outer contour of which has a first, thicker cylindrical section 26, a subsequent conical section 27 and then a second cylindrical section 28 has a smaller diameter.
  • the grinding wheel 23 is first pivoted into a position in which its front grinding surface runs parallel to the lateral surface of the cylindrical section 26.
  • the grinding spindle 22 is rotated about the vertical axis 25 until the front grinding surface of the grinding wheel 23 now runs parallel to the conical outer surface of the conical section 27, without the workpiece having to be reclamped or the grinding wheel 23 resharpened .
  • the second cylindrical section 28 can then also be ground after resetting the angular position of the grinding wheel 23.
  • a linear drive 30 serves to pivot the grinding carriage 20 arranged on a swivel plate 50 with the grinding spindle 22.
  • the linear drive 30 can be pivoted with its housing in a first swivel bearing 31 on the base plate 16 about a vertical axis parallel to the vertical axis 25.
  • a second pivot bearing 32 on the pivot plate 50 which also has a vertical pivot axis, an actuating rod 34 is articulated, which can be moved linearly in the housing of the linear drive 30. In this way, a crank drive is created for pivoting the sliding carriage 20 about the vertical axis 25.
  • an articulated triangle 40 is provided.
  • the articulated triangle 40 has a first rod 41, which is hinged at one end to a first articulation point 42 on the swivel plate 50.
  • a second rod 43 of the articulated triangle 40 is connected to a second one Articulation point 44 is pivotally attached to the base plate 19.
  • the free ends of the rods 41, 43 are connected at a pivot point 45.
  • the articulated triangle 40 defined by the corner points 42, 44 and 45, is pivoted when the linear drive 30 is actuated to pivot the grinding carriage 20.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first extreme rotational position of the grinding carriage 20, in which it is pivoted relative to the z-axis 14 by an angle ⁇ 1 in the order of 55 °.
  • the actuating rod 34 of the linear drive 30 is completely retracted and the articulated triangle 40 assumes the first extreme position shown in FIG. 1.
  • the second articulation point 44 has pivoted during this pivoting movement by pivoting the second rod 43 by a certain angular amount, which corresponds exactly to the angular amount of the pivoting of the grinding carriage 20 about the vertical axis 25, because points 25, 42, 44 and 45 lie on the corner points of a parallelogram.
  • a rotation angle sensor is therefore attached, which is actuated by the second rod 43 relative to the base plate 19 and reproduces the rotational position of the grinding spindle 22 in an angle-synchronous manner.
  • the grinding spindle 22 with the swivel plate 50 measures an angle ⁇ between the two swivel positions in which the x-axis moves from 21 to 21.
  • the first articulation point 42 moves in the direction of an arrow 62 into a position 42 'and the articulation point 45 in the direction of an arrow 63 in a position 45'.
  • the points in the third, vertical axis 25 and in the second articulation point 44 do not change because they are fixed in space.
  • the second rod 43 is pivoted by the same angle ⁇ as the imaginary connecting line 60 to 60 'and this pivoting angle ⁇ corresponds exactly to the pivoting angle of the x-axis from 21 to 21'.
  • a measuring device for detecting the rotational movement of the grinding spindle 22 can therefore be arranged in the second articulation point 44, a sensor element of the measuring device being rigidly connected to the base plate 19, while a second sensor element is rotated by the second rod 43 in an angle-synchronized manner with respect to the grinding spindle 22.
  • FIG. 4 A practical embodiment of the articulated triangle 40 is shown in FIG. 4.
  • a pin 70 is fastened to the swivel plate 50 in a rotationally rigid manner by means of a screw connection 71.
  • the pin 70 runs in a pivot bearing 72 which is axially braced relative to a sleeve 73.
  • the rod 41 rigidly attached to the sleeve 73 can therefore rotate in the pivot bearing 72 about an axis 74, but cannot move axially along the latter.
  • the first rod 41 is rigidly connected at the articulation point 45 to a sleeve 80, which can be rotated about an axis 84 relative to a pin 82 via an axially non-tensioned rotary bearing 81 and can also be displaced along this axis 84.
  • the pin 82 is rigidly seated in a further sleeve 83, which in turn is rigidly connected to the second rod 43.
  • the arrangement described above makes it possible for the swivel plate 50 to carry out a lifting and lowering movement in the direction of an arrow 85, although the height of the second rod 43 cannot be adjusted.
  • the swivel plate 50 moves together with the entire articulation point 42 and the first rod 41 together with the sleeve 80, which runs axially via the pivot bearing 81 which is not braced axially on the pin 82.
  • This arrangement thus represents a compensation option for the lifting and lowering movement of the swivel plate 50, which is required to swivel the swivel plate 50 between two angular positions ⁇ .
  • the second rod 43 is rigidly connected to a sleeve 90, in which a pin 91 sits in a rotationally rigid manner.
  • the pin 91 is held axially clamped in a lower pivot bearing 92, but can rotate about an axis 100.
  • a holding part 93 which is rigidly connected to the base plate 19, receives the lower pivot bearing 92 and an upper pivot bearing 94, in which the pin 91 runs with its upper end.
  • An end 95 of the pin 91 projecting beyond the upper pivot bearing 94 is provided with markings 96. Near the end 95 there is a sensor element 97 which interacts with the markings 96. Measuring signals can be removed from the sensor element 97 via a connection 98.
  • the arrangement of the sensor element 97 and the end 95 with markings 96 is encapsulated by means of a housing 99.
  • the sensor element 97 and the markings 96 are only representative of a large number of possible sensor technologies, such as are used for detecting the angle of rotation. Examples are optical, magnetic or resistive Techniques called as they are known per se in the technology of the rotation angle sensors and need not be explained again here.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Units (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schleifmaschine mit einer Schleifspindel, die relativ zu einem Werkstück in einer Horizontalebene verfahrbar ist, wobei die Schleifspindel eine um eine horizontale Achse drehbare Schleifscheibe antreibt und auf einer Schwenkplatte angeordnet ist, die relativ zu einer Grundplatte um eine vertikale Achse verdrehbar ist, wobei eine Meßeinrichtung zum Erfassen der relativen Drehlage von Schwenkplatte und Grundplatte vorgesehen ist, die ein starr mit der Grundplatte verbundenes erstes Sensorelement sowie ein mit der Schwenkplatte verdrehbares zweites Sensorelement aufweist.The invention relates to a grinding machine with a grinding spindle which can be moved in a horizontal plane relative to a workpiece, the grinding spindle driving a grinding wheel which can be rotated about a horizontal axis and is arranged on a swivel plate which is relative to a base plate is rotatable about a vertical axis, a measuring device for detecting the relative rotational position of the swivel plate and base plate being provided, which has a first sensor element rigidly connected to the base plate and a second sensor element rotatable with the swivel plate.

Eine Schleifmaschine der vorstehend genannten Art ist aus dem Dokument EP-A-131 366 bekannt.A grinding machine of the type mentioned above is known from document EP-A-131 366.

Die bekannte Schleifmaschine ist numerisch gesteuert und verfügt über einen verschwenkbaren Schleifschlitten. Um die jeweilige Verschwenkposition des Schleifschlittens zu erfassen, ist ein Drehsensor vorgesehen, dessen Rotor mit der Schwenkwelle des Schleifschlittens verbunden und mit diesem zusammen verdrehbar ist, während sein Stator fest mit dem Maschinenbett verbunden ist und nahe am Rotor, aber von diesem beabstandet, angeordnet ist. Insoweit handelt es sich bei der bekannten Schleifmaschine um einen handelsüblichen Drehsensor, der unmittelbar an die sich drehenden Elemente angeschlossen ist. Die Integration des Drehsensors in den verschwenkbaren Schleifschlitten erfordert erhebliche konstruktive Maßnahmen. Darüber hinaus ist der Drehsensor bei dieser bekannten Maschine schwer zugänglich, so daß nicht nur ein komplizierter Aufbau, sondern auch langwierige Arbeiten erforderlich sind, um bei der bekannten Schleifmaschine die Verschwenkeinrichtung und die Meßeinrichtung zu warten und ggf. austauschen zu können.The known grinding machine is numerically controlled and has a swiveling grinding slide. In order to detect the respective pivoting position of the grinding slide, a rotation sensor is provided, the rotor of which is connected to the pivot shaft of the grinding slide and can be rotated together with it, while its stator is fixedly connected to the machine bed and is arranged close to, but spaced from, the rotor . To this extent, the known grinding machine is a commercially available rotary sensor which is connected directly to the rotating elements. The integration of the rotation sensor in the swiveling grinding slide requires considerable design measures. In addition, the rotation sensor in this known machine is difficult to access, so that not only a complicated structure, but also lengthy work is required to maintain and possibly replace the pivoting device and the measuring device in the known grinding machine.

Weitere Schleifmaschinen mit verschwenkbarem Schleifschlitten sind aus den Dokumenten DE-A-35 23 012, DE-A-21 22 539, DE-A-20 11 090 sowie DE-A-16 52 021 bekannt. Bei diesen weiteren bekannten Schleifmaschinen werden jedoch keine Drehregelungen, sondern lediglich Drehsteuerungen verwendet, beispielsweise über einen Schrittmotor als Antriebselement für den Verschwenkmechanismus der Schleifspindel, oder es werden zum Erreichen bestimmter Endstellungen Anschläge vorgesehen.Further grinding machines with a pivotable grinding slide are known from documents DE-A-35 23 012, DE-A-21 22 539, DE-A-20 11 090 and DE-A-16 52 021. In these other known grinding machines, however, no rotary controls, but only used rotary controls, for example via a stepper motor as a drive element for the pivoting mechanism of the grinding spindle, or stops are provided to reach certain end positions.

Aus dem Dokument US-A-4 189 963 ist ein Teilapparat mit einem Drehtisch bekannt. Der Drehtisch ist um eine vertikale Achse verschwenkbar. Hierzu weist der Drehtisch auf seiner Unterseite einen umlaufenden Zahnkranz auf, der über mehrere, teilweise abgewinkelte Zahnradsätze mit einem Antriebsmotor verbunden ist. Der Antriebsmotor ist seitlich an ein Gehäuse des Teilapparates angeflanscht. Das mit der Ausgangswelle des Antriebsmotors verbundene Antriebsritzel kämmt somit einerseits über mehrere Zahnradsätze mit dem Zahnkranz des Drehtisches, andererseits ist das Antriebsritzel aber auch über weitere Zahnradsätze mit einem Drehgeber verbunden, der sich neben dem Antriebsmotor in einem Antriebsgehäuse befindet, das seitlich an das Gehäuse des Teilapparates angeflanscht ist. Die mehreren Übersetzungen in beiden Kraftflüssen vom Antriebsmotor zum Drehtisch einerseits und zum Drehgeber andererseits sind dabei so gewählt, daß sich der Drehgeber synchron mit dem Drehtisch dreht und jeweils ein impulsförmiges Ausgangssignal pro ein Grad Drehung des Drehtisches gibt.From the document US-A-4 189 963 a dividing device with a turntable is known. The turntable can be swiveled around a vertical axis. For this purpose, the turntable has a circumferential ring gear on its underside, which is connected to a drive motor via several, partially angled gear sets. The drive motor is flanged to the side of a housing of the dividing head. The drive pinion connected to the output shaft of the drive motor thus meshes with the ring gear of the rotary table on the one hand via several gear sets, but on the other hand the drive pinion is also connected via further gear sets to a rotary encoder, which is located next to the drive motor in a drive housing that is laterally connected to the housing of the Partial apparatus is flanged. The multiple ratios in both power flows from the drive motor to the turntable on the one hand and to the rotary encoder on the other hand are chosen so that the rotary encoder rotates synchronously with the rotary table and gives a pulse-shaped output signal for each degree of rotation of the rotary table.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Schleifmaschine der eingangs genannten Art dahingehend weiterzubilden, daß ein einfacher und robuster Aufbau für die Meßeinrichtung entsteht und daß die Meßeinrichtung mit der heutzutage möglichen Präzision von Drehwinkelsensoren die Verdrehlage der Schleifspindel zu erfassen gestattet.The invention is therefore based on the object of developing a grinding machine of the type mentioned at the outset such that a simple and robust structure is created for the measuring device and that the measuring device allows the rotational position of the grinding spindle to be detected with the precision of rotary angle sensors which is possible today.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß in an sich bekannter Weise die Sensorelemente außerhalb der Schwenkplatte angeordnet sind und daß das zweite Sensorelement über ein Getriebe mit der Schwenkplatte verbunden ist und daß das Getriebe ein Gelenkparallelogramm ist.This object is achieved in that the sensor elements are arranged outside the swivel plate in a manner known per se and in that the second sensor element is connected to the swivel plate via a gear and in that the gear is a joint parallelogram.

Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird auf diese Weise vollkommen gelöst, weil die nunmehr weit außerhalb der Schwenkplatte angeordnete Meßeinrichtung mit den beiden Sensorelementen nahezu beliebig frei zugänglich ist, so daß sie nicht nur in einfacher Weise elektrisch verkabelt werden kann sondern auch für gelegentliche Wartungs- und Reparaturarbeiten ohne großen Aufwand zugänglich ist. Das Getriebe zwischen Schwenkplatte und zweitem Sensorelement kann mechanisch hochpräzise ausgebildet werden, so daß das zweite Sensorelement, sei es winkelsynchron oder über eine Übersetzung der Drehbewegung der Schwenkplatte ohne merkbaren Meßfehler folgt.The object on which the invention is based is completely achieved in this way because the measuring device, which is now arranged far outside the swivel plate, is almost freely accessible with the two sensor elements, so that it can not only be electrically wired in a simple manner but also for occasional maintenance and Repair work is easily accessible. The gear mechanism between the swivel plate and the second sensor element can be designed to be mechanically highly precise, so that the second sensor element, be it angularly synchronous or via a translation, follows the rotary movement of the swivel plate without noticeable measurement errors.

Die Maßnahme, ein Gelenkparallelogramm vorzusehen, hat den wesentlichen Vorteil, daß ein Getriebe verwendet wird, das ausschließlich zueinander drehbare Teile aufweist, was den Vorteil mit sich bringt, daß die heutzutage mögliche sehr hohe Präzision von Drehlagern ausgenutzt werden kann, ohne daß z.B. Hysteresefehler berücksichtigt werden müssen, wie sie bei einer Umwandlung von Drehbewegungen in Linearbewegungen über Verzahnungen oder dgl. auftreten. Außerdem hat das Gelenkparallelogramm den Vorteil, daß die an den Eckpunkten des Parallelogramms angeordneten Drehlager sich beim Verschwenken des Parallelogramms um denselben Winkel verschwenken, so daß eine winkelsynchrone Drehung des zweiten Sensorelementes in diesem Falle durch ausschließliche Ausnutzung von Drehbewegungen möglich ist.The measure of providing an articulated parallelogram has the essential advantage that a gearbox is used that has only parts that can be rotated relative to one another, which has the advantage that the very high precision of rotary bearings that can be used today can be exploited without taking into account, for example, hysteresis errors must be, as they occur when converting rotary movements into linear movements via gears or the like. In addition, the articulated parallelogram has the advantage that the rotary bearings arranged at the corner points of the parallelogram pivot by the same angle when the parallelogram is pivoted, so that an angularly synchronous rotation of the second sensor element in this case is possible through the exclusive use of rotary movements.

Bei einer besonders bevorzugten Weiterbildung dieser Variante liegt ein erster Eckpunkt des Gelenkparallelogramms auf der vertikalen Achse und ein dem ersten Eckpunkt benachbarter zweiter Punkt am Orte des zweiten Sensorelementes.In a particularly preferred development of this variant, a first corner point of the joint parallelogram lies on the vertical axis and a second point adjacent to the first corner point lies at the location of the second sensor element.

Diese Maßnahme hat den Vorteil, daß der Ort der vertikalen Achse, d.h. der Drehpunkt der Schleifspindel auf den Punkt des zweiten Sensorelementes "gespiegelt" wird, so daß das zweite Sensorelement der Drehbewegung der Schleifspindel in Gestalt der Drehbewegung um die vertikale Achse unmittelbar und winkelsynchron folgt.This measure has the advantage that the location of the vertical axis, i.e. the pivot point of the grinding spindle is "mirrored" at the point of the second sensor element, so that the second sensor element follows the rotational movement of the grinding spindle in the form of the rotational movement about the vertical axis directly and in synchronism with the angle.

Eine praktische Ausführungsform dieser Variante zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß an einem von der vertikalen Achse beabstandeten Punkt der Schwenkplatte ein erster Anlenkpunkt für einen ersten Gelenkstab vorgesehen ist, dessen freies Ende in einem Gelenkpunkt mit einem zweiten Gelenkstab schwenkbar verbunden ist, dessen anderes Ende wiederum in einen zweiten Anlenkpunkt das zweite Sensorelement trägt, das die Länge des ersten Gelenkstabes gleich der Länge der Verbindungslinie zwischen zweitem Anlenkpunkt und der vertikalen Achse und die Länge des zweiten Gelenkstabes gleich der Länge der Verbindungslinie zwischen erstem Anlenkpunkt und der vertikalen Achse ist.A practical embodiment of this variant is characterized in that a first articulation point for a first articulated rod is provided at a point on the swivel plate spaced from the vertical axis, the free end of which is pivotally connected to a second articulated rod at an articulation point, the other end of which is in turn a second articulation point carries the second sensor element, which is the length of the first articulated rod equal to the length of the connecting line between the second articulation point and the vertical axis and the length of the second articulated rod equal to the length of the connecting line between the first articulation point and the vertical axis.

Diese Maßnahme hat den Vorteil, daß das gewünschte Gelenkparallelogramm mit Spiegelung der Drehbewegung der Schleifspindel in einen Punkt außerhalb der Schwenkplatte durch Verwendung von lediglich zwei Gelenkstäben mit drei Gelenkpunkten möglich ist. Auf diese Weise entsteht eine besonders kompakte, robuste und auch unter den rauhen Einsatzbedingungen von Werkzeugmaschinen verwendbare Anordnung, bei der die Meßeinrichtung außerhalb des Bewegungsbereichs der Schwenkplatte leicht zugänglich angeordnet werden kann.This measure has the advantage that the desired joint parallelogram with reflection of the rotary movement of the grinding spindle into a point outside the swivel plate by using only two joint rods with three joint points is possible. In this way, a particularly compact, robust arrangement, which can also be used under the harsh operating conditions of machine tools, is produced, in which the measuring device can be arranged easily accessible outside the range of movement of the swivel plate.

Schließlich ist noch eine Variante dieses Ausführungsbeispiels bevorzugt, bei der ein im ersten Anlenkpunkt wirkendes Drehlager axial verspannt ist, während ein im Gelenkpunkt wirkendes Drehlager axial verschieblich ist.Finally, a variant of this exemplary embodiment is preferred, in which a pivot bearing acting in the first articulation point is axially clamped, while a pivot bearing acting in the articulation point is axially displaceable.

Diese Maßnahme hat den Vorteil, daß eine Hub- und Senkbewegung der Schwenkplatte in Richtung der vertikalen Achse möglich ist, ohne daß dies die Funktion der Meßeinrichtung stört. Eine derartige Hub- und Senkbewegung der Schwenkplatte kann in vorteilhafter Weise dazu dienen, um beim Verschwenken der Schwenkplatte diese auf einem Luftkissen von der Grundplatte abzuheben, so daß nur geringe Drehmomente beim Verschwenken der Schwenkplatte mit den darauf angeordneten Aggregaten erforderlich ist.This measure has the advantage that a lifting and lowering movement of the swivel plate in the direction of the vertical axis is possible without this interfering with the function of the measuring device. Such a lifting and lowering movement of the swivel plate can advantageously be used to lift it off the base plate on an air cushion when swiveling the swivel plate, so that only low torques are required when swiveling the swivel plate with the units arranged thereon.

Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und der beigefügten Zeichnung.Further advantages result from the description and the attached drawing.

Es versteht sich, daß die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch erläuterten Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It goes without saying that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the respectively specified combination but also in other combinations or on their own without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
Eine schematisierte Draufsicht auf ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Schleifmaschine in einer ersten Dreh-Endstellung;
Fig. 2
eine Darstellung, ähnlich Fig. 1, jedoch für eine zweite Dreh-Endstellung der Schleifmaschine;
Fig. 3
eine vergrößerte Darstellung eines Gelenkparallelogramms, wie es bei der Schleifmaschine der Fig. 1 und 2 zur Erfassung der Drehlage der Schleifspindel verwendet wird;
Fig. 4
eine seitliche Ansicht, teilweise im Schnitt, eines Gelenkdreiecks, wie es bei einer praktischen Ausführungsform Teil des Gelenkparallelogramms der Fig. 3 ist.
Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail in the following description. Show it:
Fig. 1
A schematic plan view of an embodiment of a grinding machine according to the invention in a first rotary end position;
Fig. 2
a representation, similar to Figure 1, but for a second rotational end position of the grinding machine.
Fig. 3
an enlarged view of a joint parallelogram, as used in the grinding machine of Figures 1 and 2 for detecting the rotational position of the grinding spindle.
Fig. 4
a side view, partially in section, of an articulated triangle, as it is part of the articulated parallelogram of FIG. 3 in a practical embodiment.

In Fig. 1 und 2 bezeichnet 10 insgesamt eine Außenrund-Schleifmaschine. Zwischen einer Werkstückspindel 11 und einem Reitstock 12 ist ein rotationssymmetrisches Werkstück 13 eingespannt, das sich entlang einer ersten Achse 14 erstreckt, die üblicherweise als z-Achse bezeichnet wird. Bei nicht-rotationssymmetrischen Werkstücken wird das Werkstück um die z-Achse in definierten Winkelschritten gedreht und man spricht dann von einer sogenannten c-Achse.1 and 2, 10 designates an external cylindrical grinding machine as a whole. A rotationally symmetrical workpiece 13 is clamped between a workpiece spindle 11 and a tailstock 12 and extends along a first axis 14, which is usually referred to as the z-axis. In the case of non-rotationally symmetrical workpieces, the workpiece is rotated about the z-axis in defined angular steps and one then speaks of a so-called c-axis.

Es versteht sich, daß die Schleifmaschine 10 nur aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit lediglich als Außenrund-Schleifmaschine dargestellt und erläutert ist, die Erfindung ist jedoch keineswegs auf diesen Anwendungsfall beschränkt, weil sich die nachstehende Erläuterung auch auf Innenrund-Schleifmaschinen oder auf Schleifmaschinen für nicht-rotationssymmetrische Werkstücke beziehen kann.It is understood that the grinding machine 10 is only shown and explained for reasons of clarity as an external cylindrical grinding machine, but the invention is by no means limited to this application, because the following explanation also applies to internal cylindrical grinding machines or to grinding machines for non-rotationally symmetrical ones Can obtain workpieces.

Auf einer Grundplatte 19 der Schleifmaschine 10 ist ein Schleifschlitten 20 in einer zweiten Achse 21 verschiebbar angeordnet, die üblicherweise als x-Achse bezeichnet wird. Die zweite Achse 21 ist zur ersten Achse 14 um einen Winkel α₁ angestellt, der z.B. 55° betragen kann.On a base plate 19 of the grinding machine 10, a grinding carriage 20 is slidably arranged in a second axis 21, which is usually referred to as the x-axis. The second axis 21 is set to the first axis 14 by an angle α₁ which e.g. Can be 55 °.

Der Schleifschlitten 20 trägt eine Schleifspindel 22, die eine Schleifscheibe 23 antreibt, wobei die Schleifscheibe 23 um eine Schleifscheibenachse 24 drehbar ist, die üblicherweise rechtwinklig zur zweiten Achse 21 verläuft.The grinding carriage 20 carries a grinding spindle 22, which drives a grinding wheel 23, the grinding wheel 23 being rotatable about a grinding wheel axis 24, which is usually perpendicular to the second axis 21.

Die Schleifspindel 22 ist mit dem Schleifschlitten 20 gesamthaft um eine dritte Achse 25 drehbar, die senkrecht zur Zeichenebene der Fig. 1 als Vertikalachse verläuft.The grinding spindle 22 can be rotated with the grinding carriage 20 overall about a third axis 25, which runs perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 1 as the vertical axis.

Diese Verdrehung der Schleifspindel 22 um die Vertikalachse 25 kann eingesetzt werden, um beispielsweise das in Fig. 1a vergrößert dargestellte Werkstück außen rund zu schleifen, dessen Außenkontur einen ersten, dickeren zylindrischen Abschnitt 26, einen anschließenden konischen Abschnitt 27 und daran anschließend einen zweiten zylindrischen Abschnitt 28 geringeren Durchmessers aufweist.This rotation of the grinding spindle 22 about the vertical axis 25 can be used, for example, to grind the outside of the workpiece shown enlarged in FIG. 1a, the outer contour of which has a first, thicker cylindrical section 26, a subsequent conical section 27 and then a second cylindrical section 28 has a smaller diameter.

Zum Außenrundschleifen eines derartigen Werkstücks wird zunächst die Schleifscheibe 23 in eine Position verschwenkt, in der ihre vordere Schleiffläche parallel zur Mantelfläche des zylindrischen Abschnitts 26 verläuft. Nach dem Fertigschleifen des ersten zylindrischen Abschnitts 26 wird die Schleifspindel 22 um die Vertikalachse 25 verdreht, bis die vordere Schleiffläche der Schleifscheibe 23 nun parallel zur konischen Mantelfläche des konischen Abschnitts 27 verläuft, ohne daß ein Umspannen des Werkstücks oder ein Nachschärfen der Schleifscheibe 23 erforderlich ist. Auch der zweite zylindrische Abschnitt 28 kann dann nach Rückstellen der Winkelstellung der Schleifscheibe 23 geschliffen werden.For external cylindrical grinding of such a workpiece, the grinding wheel 23 is first pivoted into a position in which its front grinding surface runs parallel to the lateral surface of the cylindrical section 26. After the first cylindrical section 26 has been finished, the grinding spindle 22 is rotated about the vertical axis 25 until the front grinding surface of the grinding wheel 23 now runs parallel to the conical outer surface of the conical section 27, without the workpiece having to be reclamped or the grinding wheel 23 resharpened . The second cylindrical section 28 can then also be ground after resetting the angular position of the grinding wheel 23.

Zum Verschwenken des auf einer Schwenkplatte 50 angeordneten Schleifschlittens 20 mit der Schleifspindel 22 dient ein Linearantrieb 30. Der Linearantrieb 30 ist mit seinem Gehäuse in einem ersten Schwenklager 31 an der Grundplatte 16 um eine zur Vertikalachse 25 parallele vertikale Achse schwenkbar. An einem zweiten Schwenklager 32 an der Schwenkplatte 50, das ebenfalls eine vertikale Schwenkachse aufweist, ist eine Betätigungsstange 34 angelenkt, die im Gehäuse des Linearantriebes 30 linear verfahrbar ist. Auf diese Weise entsteht ein Kurbelantrieb für die Verschwenkung des Schleifschlittens 20 um die Vertikalachse 25.A linear drive 30 serves to pivot the grinding carriage 20 arranged on a swivel plate 50 with the grinding spindle 22. The linear drive 30 can be pivoted with its housing in a first swivel bearing 31 on the base plate 16 about a vertical axis parallel to the vertical axis 25. On a second pivot bearing 32 on the pivot plate 50, which also has a vertical pivot axis, an actuating rod 34 is articulated, which can be moved linearly in the housing of the linear drive 30. In this way, a crank drive is created for pivoting the sliding carriage 20 about the vertical axis 25.

Um die exakte Drehposition des Schleifschlittens 20 beim Verschwenken mittels des Linearantriebes 30 zu erfassen, ist ein Gelenkdreieck 40 vorgesehen. Das Gelenkdreieck 40 weist einen ersten Stab 41 auf, der mit einem Ende an einem ersten Anlenkpunkt 42 an der Schwenkplatte 50 angelenkt ist. Ein zweiter Stab 43 des Gelenkdreiecks 40 ist an einen zweiten Anlenkpunkt 44 an der Grundplatte 19 schwenkbar befestigt. Die Stäbe 41, 43 sind mit ihren freien Enden in einem Gelenkpunkt 45 verbunden. Das Gelenkdreieck 40, definiert durch die Eckpunkte 42, 44 und 45, wird verschwenkt, wenn der Linearantrieb 30 zum Verschwenken des Schleifschlittens 20 betätigt wird.In order to detect the exact rotational position of the grinding carriage 20 when pivoting by means of the linear drive 30, an articulated triangle 40 is provided. The articulated triangle 40 has a first rod 41, which is hinged at one end to a first articulation point 42 on the swivel plate 50. A second rod 43 of the articulated triangle 40 is connected to a second one Articulation point 44 is pivotally attached to the base plate 19. The free ends of the rods 41, 43 are connected at a pivot point 45. The articulated triangle 40, defined by the corner points 42, 44 and 45, is pivoted when the linear drive 30 is actuated to pivot the grinding carriage 20.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine erste Extrem-Drehlage des Schleifschlittens 20, bei dem dieser gegenüber der z-Achse 14 um einen Winkel α₁ in der Größenordnung von 55° verschwenkt ist. In dieser Extremlage ist die Betätigungsstange 34 des Linearantriebs 30 vollständig eingezogen und das Gelenkdreieck 40 nimmt die aus Fig. 1 ersichtliche erste Extremstellung ein.Fig. 1 shows a first extreme rotational position of the grinding carriage 20, in which it is pivoted relative to the z-axis 14 by an angle α₁ in the order of 55 °. In this extreme position, the actuating rod 34 of the linear drive 30 is completely retracted and the articulated triangle 40 assumes the first extreme position shown in FIG. 1.

Wird nun der Linearantrieb 30 durch Ausfahren der Betätigungsstange 34 in die andere Extremlage gefahren, verschwenkt sich der Schleifschlitten 20 in die in Fig. 2 erkennbare zweite Extremlage, bei der die x-Achse 21 zur z-Achse 14 einen Winkel α₂ von etwa 100° einschließt.If the linear drive 30 is now moved into the other extreme position by extending the actuating rod 34, the grinding slide 20 pivots into the second extreme position shown in FIG. 2, in which the x-axis 21 to the z-axis 14 has an angle α₂ of approximately 100 ° includes.

Wie man durch Vergleich der Fig. 1 und 2 feststellen kann, hat sich während dieser Schwenkbewegung der zweite Anlenkpunkt 44 durch Verschwenken des zweiten Stabes 43 um einen bestimmten Winkelbetrag verschwenkt, der exakt dem Winkelbetrag der Verschwenkung des Schleifschlittens 20 um die Vertikalachse 25 entspricht, weil die Punkte 25, 42, 44 und 45 auf den Eckpunkten eines Parallelogrammes liegen. Am Ort des zweiten Anlenkpunktes 44 ist daher ein Drehwinkelsensor angebracht, der vom zweiten Stab 43 relativ zur Grundplatte 19 betätigt wird und winkelsynchron die Drehlage der Schleifspindel 22 wiedergibt.As can be seen by comparing FIGS. 1 and 2, the second articulation point 44 has pivoted during this pivoting movement by pivoting the second rod 43 by a certain angular amount, which corresponds exactly to the angular amount of the pivoting of the grinding carriage 20 about the vertical axis 25, because points 25, 42, 44 and 45 lie on the corner points of a parallelogram. At the location of the second articulation point 44, a rotation angle sensor is therefore attached, which is actuated by the second rod 43 relative to the base plate 19 and reproduces the rotational position of the grinding spindle 22 in an angle-synchronous manner.

In Fig. 3, in der die einzelnen Positionen der Schwenkstellung gemäß Fig. 2 wiederum mit einem Apostroph gekennzeichnet sind, ist das Getriebe in beiden Schwenklagen der Fig. 1 und 2 noch einmal dargestellt.3, in which the individual positions of the pivot position according to FIG. 2 are again identified by an apostrophe, the gear is shown again in both pivot positions of FIGS. 1 and 2.

Man erkennt, daß die Schleifspindel 22 mit der Schwenkplatte 50 zwischen den beiden Schwenkstellungen einen Winkel α durchmißt, in dem die x-Achse von 21 nach 21 wandert.It can be seen that the grinding spindle 22 with the swivel plate 50 measures an angle α between the two swivel positions in which the x-axis moves from 21 to 21.

Bezeichnet man Verbindungslinien von der dritten, vertikalen Achse 25 zum ersten Anlenkpunkt 42 mit 60 und zum zweiten Anlenkpunkt 44 mit 61, so wird aus Fig. 3 deutlich, daß ein Gelenkparallelogramm vorliegt, bei dem die Länge des ersten Stabes 41 gleich der Länge der Verbindungslinie 61 und die Länge des zweiten Stabes 41 gleich der Länge der Verbindungslinie 60 ist.If one designates connecting lines from the third, vertical axis 25 to the first articulation point 42 with 60 and to the second articulation point 44 with 61, it is clear from FIG. 3 that there is a joint parallelogram in which the length of the first rod 41 is equal to the length of the connecting line 61 and the length of the second rod 41 is equal to the length of the connecting line 60.

Wird nun durch Betätigen des Linearantriebes 30 die Schwenkplatte 50 verschwenkt, so wandert der erste Anlenkpunkt 42 in Richtung eines Pfeiles 62 in eine Position 42' und der Gelenkpunkt 45 in Richtung eines Pfeiles 63 in eine Position 45'. Die Punkte in der dritten, vertikalen Achse 25 und im zweiten Anlenkpunkt 44 verändern sich nicht, weil sie raumfest sind.If the pivot plate 50 is now pivoted by actuating the linear drive 30, the first articulation point 42 moves in the direction of an arrow 62 into a position 42 'and the articulation point 45 in the direction of an arrow 63 in a position 45'. The points in the third, vertical axis 25 and in the second articulation point 44 do not change because they are fixed in space.

Aufgrund dieser Schwenkbewegung des Gelenkparallelogramms wird der zweite Stab 43 um denselben Winkel α verschwenkt wie die gedachte Verbindungslinie 60 nach 60' und dieser Verschwenkwinkel α entspricht exakt dem Verschwenkwinkel der x-Achse von 21 nach 21'.Because of this pivoting movement of the joint parallelogram, the second rod 43 is pivoted by the same angle α as the imaginary connecting line 60 to 60 'and this pivoting angle α corresponds exactly to the pivoting angle of the x-axis from 21 to 21'.

Dies bedeutet, daß die Drehbewegung des Punktes auf der dritten, vertikalen Achse 25 in die Drehbewegung des zweiten Anlenkpunktes 44 gespiegelt wurde, weil dieser in seiner Drehbewegung winkelsynchron der Drehung um die dritte, vertikale Achse 25 folgt.This means that the rotational movement of the point on the third, vertical axis 25 was mirrored in the rotational movement of the second articulation point 44, because this follows the rotation about the third, vertical axis 25 in its rotational movement in an angularly synchronous manner.

Eine Meßeinrichtung zur Erfassung der Drehbewegung der Schleifspindel 22 kann daher im zweiten Anlenkpunkt 44 angeordnet werden, wobei ein Sensorelement der Meßeinrichtung starr mit der Grundplatte 19 verbunden ist, während ein zweites Sensorelement vom zweiten Stab 43 winkelsynchron zur Schleifspindel 22 verdreht wird.A measuring device for detecting the rotational movement of the grinding spindle 22 can therefore be arranged in the second articulation point 44, a sensor element of the measuring device being rigidly connected to the base plate 19, while a second sensor element is rotated by the second rod 43 in an angle-synchronized manner with respect to the grinding spindle 22.

Eine praktische Ausführungsform des Gelenkdreiecks 40 ist in Fig. 4 dargestellt.A practical embodiment of the articulated triangle 40 is shown in FIG. 4.

Im ersten Anlenkpunkt 42 ist ein Zapfen 70 mittels einer Verschraubung 71 drehstarr an der Schwenkplatte 50 befestigt. Der Zapfen 70 läuft in einem Drehlager 72, das gegenüber einer Hülse 73 axial verspannt ist. Der an der Hülse 73 starr befestigte Stab 41 vermag sich daher im Drehlager 72 um eine Achse 74 zu drehen, nicht jedoch entlang dieser axial zu bewegen.In the first articulation point 42, a pin 70 is fastened to the swivel plate 50 in a rotationally rigid manner by means of a screw connection 71. The pin 70 runs in a pivot bearing 72 which is axially braced relative to a sleeve 73. The rod 41 rigidly attached to the sleeve 73 can therefore rotate in the pivot bearing 72 about an axis 74, but cannot move axially along the latter.

Der erste Stab 41 ist im Gelenkpunkt 45 starr mit einer Hülse 80 verbunden, die über ein axial nicht verspanntes Drehlager 81 gegenüber einem Zapfen 82 um eine Achse 84 verdrehbar und entlang dieser Achse 84 auch verschiebbar ist. Der Zapfen 82 sitzt drehstarr in einer weiteren Hülse 83, die ihrerseits starr mit dem zweiten Stab 43 verbunden ist.The first rod 41 is rigidly connected at the articulation point 45 to a sleeve 80, which can be rotated about an axis 84 relative to a pin 82 via an axially non-tensioned rotary bearing 81 and can also be displaced along this axis 84. The pin 82 is rigidly seated in a further sleeve 83, which in turn is rigidly connected to the second rod 43.

Durch die vorstehend beschriebene Anordnung ist es möglich, daß die Schwenkplatte 50 eine Hub- und Senkbewegung in Richtung eines Pfeiles 85 durchführt, obwohl der zweite Stab 43 in der Höhe nicht verstellbar ist. In diesem Falle bewegt sich die Schwenkplatte 50 zusammen mit dem gesamten Anlenkpunkt 42 und dem ersten Stab 41 samt Hülse 80, die axial über das axial nicht verspannte Drehlager 81 auf dem Zapfen 82 läuft. Diese Anordnung stellt somit eine Ausgleichsmöglichkeit für die Hub- und Senkbewegung der Schwenkplatte 50 dar, die erforderlich ist, um die Schwenkplatte 50 zwischen zwei Winkelstellungen α zu verschwenken.The arrangement described above makes it possible for the swivel plate 50 to carry out a lifting and lowering movement in the direction of an arrow 85, although the height of the second rod 43 cannot be adjusted. In this case, the swivel plate 50 moves together with the entire articulation point 42 and the first rod 41 together with the sleeve 80, which runs axially via the pivot bearing 81 which is not braced axially on the pin 82. This arrangement thus represents a compensation option for the lifting and lowering movement of the swivel plate 50, which is required to swivel the swivel plate 50 between two angular positions α.

Der zweite Stab 43 ist starr mit einer Hülse 90 verbunden, in der drehstarr ein Zapfen 91 sitzt. Der Zapfen 91 ist in einem unteren Drehlager 92 axial verspannt gehalten, kann sich jedoch um eine Achse 100 drehen. Ein Halteteil 93, das starr mit der Grundplatte 19 verbunden ist, nimmt das untere Drehlager 92 sowie ein oberes Drehlager 94 auf, in dem der Zapfen 91 mit seinem oberen Ende läuft. Ein über das obere Drehlager 94 überstehendes Ende 95 des Zapfens 91 ist mit Markierungen 96 versehen. In der Nähe des Endes 95 befindet sich ein Sensorelement 97, das mit den Markierungen 96 in Wechselwirkung steht. Über einen Anschluß 98 sind Meßsignale vom Sensorelement 97 abnehmbar. die Anordnung des Sensorelementes 97 und des Endes 95 mit Markierungen 96 ist mittels eines Gehäuses 99 gekapselt.The second rod 43 is rigidly connected to a sleeve 90, in which a pin 91 sits in a rotationally rigid manner. The pin 91 is held axially clamped in a lower pivot bearing 92, but can rotate about an axis 100. A holding part 93, which is rigidly connected to the base plate 19, receives the lower pivot bearing 92 and an upper pivot bearing 94, in which the pin 91 runs with its upper end. An end 95 of the pin 91 projecting beyond the upper pivot bearing 94 is provided with markings 96. Near the end 95 there is a sensor element 97 which interacts with the markings 96. Measuring signals can be removed from the sensor element 97 via a connection 98. the arrangement of the sensor element 97 and the end 95 with markings 96 is encapsulated by means of a housing 99.

Es versteht sich, daß das Sensorelement 97 und die Markierungen 96 nur stellvertretend für eine Vielzahl möglicher Sensortechniken stehen, wie sie zur Drehwinkelerfassung eingesetzt werden. Nur beispielsweise seien optische, magnetische oder resistive Techniken genannt, wie sie an sich in der Technik der Drehwinkelsensoren bekannt sind und hier nicht nochmals erläutert zu werden brauchen.It goes without saying that the sensor element 97 and the markings 96 are only representative of a large number of possible sensor technologies, such as are used for detecting the angle of rotation. Examples are optical, magnetic or resistive Techniques called as they are known per se in the technology of the rotation angle sensors and need not be explained again here.

Aus Fig. 4 wird insgesamt deutlich, daß eine Verschwenkung des ersten Anlenkpunktes 42 auf der Schwenkplatte 50 unmittelbar eine Verdrehung des Zapfens 91 im zweiten Anlenkpunkt 44 und damit ein Vorbeiwandern der Markierungen 96 am Sensorelement 97 bewirkt. Da aus den vorstehend zu Fig. 3 erläuterten Gründen sich der Zapfen 91 winkelsynchron mit der Schleifspindel 22 um die parallelen Achsen 100 bzw. 25 dreht, ist das Ausgangssignal des Sensorelements 97 unmittelbar ein Maß für die Drehbewegung der Schleifspindel 22.From Fig. 4 it is clear overall that a pivoting of the first articulation point 42 on the swivel plate 50 immediately causes a rotation of the pin 91 in the second articulation point 44 and thus causes the markings 96 to move past the sensor element 97. Since, for the reasons explained above in relation to FIG. 3, the pin 91 rotates in an angle-synchronized manner with the grinding spindle 22 about the parallel axes 100 and 25, the output signal of the sensor element 97 is a direct measure of the rotational movement of the grinding spindle 22.

Es versteht sich, daß zahlreiche Abwandlungen der vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele möglich sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It goes without saying that numerous modifications of the exemplary embodiments described above are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention.

So können beispielsweise statt eines Gelenkparallelogrammes auch andere Gelenkvielecke, Kurbeltriebe und dgl. verwendet werden, um die Drehbewegung der Schleifspindel in eine Drehbewegung eines Sensors umzusetzen. Auch hinsichtlich der Ausbildung und Funktionsweise der Drehlager sind zahlreiche Variante möglich, wie dies auch für die Verwendung bestimmter Sensortypen gilt, wie bereits angedeutet wurde.For example, instead of an articulated parallelogram, other articulated polygons, crank drives and the like can also be used to convert the rotary movement of the grinding spindle into a rotary movement of a sensor. Numerous variants are also possible with regard to the design and functioning of the pivot bearings, as is also the case for the use of certain sensor types, as has already been indicated.

Claims (4)

  1. A grinding machine comprising a grinding spindle (22) being displaceable relative to a workpiece (13) in a horizontal plane (x, z), the grinding spindle (22) driving a grinding wheel (23) being rotatable about a horizontal axis (24) and being arranged on a swivel plate (50) which, in turn, may be swivelled about a vertical axis relative to a base plate (19), a measuring apparatus for measuring the relative angular position of the swivel plate (50) relative to the base plate (19) being provided, the apparatus comprising a first sensor element (97) being rigidly connected with the base plate (19) and comprising, further, a second sensor element (96) which may be swivelled together with the swivel plate, characterized in that the sensor elements (96, 97), as known per se, are arranged outside the swivel plate (50) and the second sensor element (96) is connected with the swivel plate (50) via a transmission (40-45), and that the transmission (40-45) is a hinge parallelogram.
  2. The grinding machine of claim 1, characterized in that a first hinge parallelogram corner point lies on the vertical axis (25) and that another corner point, adjacent the first corner point, lies at the location of the second sensor element (96).
  3. The grinding machine of claim 2, characterized in that a first pivot point (42) for a first hinge rod (41) is provided at a swivel plate (50) point distant from the vertical axis, the free end of the first hinge rod (41) being pivotably connected with a second hinge rod (43) in a hinge point (45), the second end of the second hinge rod (43), in turn, carrying the second sensor element (96) in a second hinge point (44), and that the length of the first hinge rod (41) is equal to the length of the connection line (61) between the second hinge point (44) and the vertical axis (25) and that the length of the second hinge rod (43) is equal to the length of the connection line (60) between the first hinge point (42) and the vertical axis (25).
  4. The grinding machine of claim 3, characterized in that a pivot bearing (72) acting at the first hinge point ((42) is axially biassed, whereas a pivot bearing (81) being active in the pivot (45) is axially displaceable.
EP88114723A 1987-09-16 1988-09-09 Grinding machine Expired - Lifetime EP0307805B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3731006 1987-09-16
DE19873731006 DE3731006A1 (en) 1987-09-16 1987-09-16 GRINDING MACHINE

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EP0307805A2 EP0307805A2 (en) 1989-03-22
EP0307805A3 EP0307805A3 (en) 1990-02-28
EP0307805B1 true EP0307805B1 (en) 1992-03-04

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EP (1) EP0307805B1 (en)
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DE (2) DE3731006A1 (en)

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DE3868805D1 (en) 1992-04-09
JPH0197565A (en) 1989-04-17
EP0307805A2 (en) 1989-03-22
DE3731006A1 (en) 1989-03-30
EP0307805A3 (en) 1990-02-28
US4934106A (en) 1990-06-19

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