EP0302243A1 - Lining arch for tunnels - Google Patents

Lining arch for tunnels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0302243A1
EP0302243A1 EP88110677A EP88110677A EP0302243A1 EP 0302243 A1 EP0302243 A1 EP 0302243A1 EP 88110677 A EP88110677 A EP 88110677A EP 88110677 A EP88110677 A EP 88110677A EP 0302243 A1 EP0302243 A1 EP 0302243A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lattice girders
lattice
gravity
belt
press
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88110677A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Dr.-Ing. Betzle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pantex Stahl AG
Tunnel Ausbau Technik GmbH
Original Assignee
Pantex-Stahl AG
Pantex Stahl AG
Tunnel Ausbau Technik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pantex-Stahl AG, Pantex Stahl AG, Tunnel Ausbau Technik GmbH filed Critical Pantex-Stahl AG
Publication of EP0302243A1 publication Critical patent/EP0302243A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
    • E21D11/186—Pre-stressing or dismantling devices therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an extension arch for tunnel construction from a plurality of arcuate lattice girders.
  • Steel arches made of lattice girders have the following functions in tunnel construction: - immediate securing in the face area on the length of the foremost tee, - teaching when applying the shotcrete and when the next tee is broken, - Part of the reinforcement of the shotcrete shell, and - Support for skewers or pawn plates, which are supposed to secure the next tee in advance.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an extension sheet in which a uniform bias can be introduced into the lattice girder.
  • the invention provides for an extension arch for tunnel construction consisting of a plurality of arch-shaped lattice girders with at least three mutually parallel belt bars which are connected to one another with spatial stiffening elements and are provided with flange-like connecting elements at at least one end for connection to adjacent lattice girders.
  • an anchoring device for a press to be clamped between the lattice girders is arranged such that the force application point for the press is in each case in the space enclosed by the belt bars, and - That the connecting elements of the two adjacent lattice girders accommodate a spreader device which, after the lattice girders have been tensioned by the press, maintains the preload introduced into the lattice girders by preventing a restoring movement, the normal and transverse forces, as well as the bending moments of a lattice girder via the spreader device completely are transferable to the adjacent lattice girder.
  • the expansion arch according to the invention enables pretensioning in the direction of the arch axis of the lattice girder. As a result, the risk of excessive moment loading of the expansion bend is reliably avoided. Transfer the anchoring device and the spreading device the cutting forces between two lattice girders, that is the normal and transverse forces as well as the bending moments, fully in the adjacent lattice girders. When tensioning, the force is introduced into the two adjacent lattice girders. This gives the entire expansion arch a pretension that presses it evenly against the walls of the excavation cross-section. In the event of subsequent settlement, the press can be reinserted between two lattice girders in order to retighten the extension arch. The spreading device serves to maintain the pretension applied with the press even when the press is removed again.
  • the expansion arches according to the invention can be used both as spherical arches and as sole arches.
  • the force application point of the press lies in each case in the center of gravity of the lattice girders.
  • the expansion arch is preloaded exactly in the center of gravity of the lattice girder.
  • the press has oppositely aligned rods for power transmission, which at their ends form removable joints with the anchoring devices, the pivot axes of which cross the axis of gravity and the plane of curvature of the axis of gravity at a right angle.
  • the joints enable the expansion arch to be displaced due to the tension applied, without bending moments being introduced into the lattice girders.
  • the joint consists of an eye located at the end of the rod and a detachable bolt which is adapted to the eye and is mounted in the anchoring device.
  • the press with its two power transmission rods can always be used without adjustment work between two lattice girders in such a way that the force is introduced via the rods in the axis of gravity of the lattice girders. In this way, the press can be installed and removed for spreading the expansion sheets without great assembly effort.
  • the spreading device has a plurality of threaded spindles running parallel to the center of gravity of the lattice girders, which pass through the flange parts of the connecting elements and can be fixed with lock nuts against the flange parts, the center of gravity of the threaded spindle arrangement coinciding with the center of gravity of the lattice girders at the connection point .
  • the threaded spindles With the help of the threaded spindles in connection with the lock nuts, the distance between the flange parts of the respective connecting elements is secured and fixed. The press can then be removed without the voltage introduced in the expansion arch dropping.
  • the connecting elements consist of angle plates, which are fastened with their one leg parallel to the center of gravity to two respectively adjacent belt bars and whose other leg projects as a flange part at a right angle from the lattice girder.
  • the angular plates arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of gravity can be easily welded to the belt rods and completely transmit transverse and normal forces as well as bending moments.
  • the connecting elements are fastened to the belt rods in such a way that the space enclosed by the belt rods is open to the inner boundary of the extension arch. In this way it is possible to insert the press for spreading the lattice girders into the space enclosed by the belt bars and thus in the vicinity of the center of gravity of the lattice girders and to lock them with the anchoring devices.
  • the angle plates serving as connecting elements for stiffening the angle can have a stiffening plate standing vertically on both legs, which supports the right angle of the angle plate. In this way, the higher forces and moments that occur during pretensioning of the expansion arch are transmitted more reliably from one lattice girder to the next.
  • Fig. 1 shows a section of an extension arch, as used for example in the Austrian construction for immediate securing in the face area on the length of the foremost tee and as part of the reinforcement of a shotcrete shell.
  • the expansion arch essentially consists of a plurality of lattice girders 1, 5, which are bent in accordance with an excavation arch and which are assembled in the face area to form an arch adapted to the excavation geometry.
  • the lattice girders 1,5 already have a curvature that corresponds to the excavation geometry.
  • the expansion arch can be completely closed, i.e. a base arch connects to a spherical arch, which closes the extension arch in the tunnel cross-section.
  • FIG. 1 shows an expansion arch in the form of a dome arch, in which one or more lattice girders 1 are supported in the base region of the dome on a lattice girder 5 which has a flared foot with a base plate 40.
  • the support forces of the spherical cap are removed at the foot of the lattice girder 5 into the mountains via the welded-on foot plate 40.
  • the lattice girder 5 connected to the base plate 40 additionally has a base 41 which is protruded into the mountains and protrudes from the outer double belt 18 and is connected to the outer end of the base plate in order to dissipate the bearing forces which occur over a larger area in the mountains.
  • Each lattice girder has three belt bars 15 to 20, which are arranged in the cross section of the lattice girder in a substantially triangular shape and which are connected to one another via spatial stiffening elements 35.
  • the belt bars 15 to 20 and the spatial stiffening elements 35 have a very high strength and a large ability to change shape, and in addition a very good weldability must be ensured.
  • the triangular arrangement of the belt rods is such that the belt rod 15, 18 forming the tip of the triangle is the outer belt rod, while the other two belt rods 16, 17, 19, 20 form the inner boundary of a lattice girder 1.5.
  • the outer belt rod 15, 18 is designed as a double belt rod.
  • flange-like connecting elements 2 which consist of angle plates 13 are arranged at their ends, which consist of angle plates 13 and which make it possible to connect a plurality of lattice girders one behind the other by means of screw connections to form an extension arch.
  • the joints of the lattice girder 1.5 are designed so that the transmission of the full cutting forces (bending moments, normal force and shear force) and easy assembly on site is guaranteed.
  • anchoring devices 3 are arranged in the lattice girders, with which a hydraulic press 4 can be fastened between two lattice girders 1.5.
  • the distance of the anchoring device 3 from the end of a lattice girder or the distance between two anchoring devices 3 on two adjacent lattice girders is from depending on the dimensions of the hydraulic press 4, the distance between two anchoring devices 3 should be chosen as small as possible.
  • the anchoring device 3 consists of two right-angled L-shaped angle plates 30, 31, which are welded to the belt rods 15 to 20 in such a way that two mutually parallel, longer legs point radially outwards and with their radially outer ends, as from Fig.
  • the press 4 has at its two ends oppositely acting force transmission rods 8, each of which ends in an eye 9 for receiving the bolt 7.
  • the central axis of an eye 9 intersects the longitudinal axis of the power transmission rod at right angles.
  • the eye 9 and the bolt 7 are adapted to one another with regard to the cross-sectional shape.
  • This longitudinal axis corresponds to the direction in which force is applied by the press 4.
  • the end of the power transmission rod 8 with the eye can be inserted between the two parallel legs of the angle plates 30,31 in such a way that the bolt 7 passes through the legs and the eye 9 and thereby the press 4 with the Lattice girder 1.5 firmly connects.
  • the distance between the two angle plates 30, 31 essentially corresponds to the width of the double belt 15, 18.
  • the press can be actuated in order to introduce a pretension into the expansion arch by pushing the lattice girders apart.
  • the force application point of the press 4 is located exactly on the center of gravity S of the lattice girders, whereby a force is introduced in the direction of the center of gravity S.
  • the distance between the lattice girders 1.5 is secured with the aid of a total of 4 threaded spindles 10 in connection with lock nuts 12 on the flange parts 11 of the connecting elements 2 with the aid of a spreading device 6, so that the pre-tensioning also after removing the Press 4 is maintained. It is also important that the spreading device also transmits the normal and transverse forces as well as the bending moments unadulterated to the lattice girders. For this purpose, it is provided that the threaded spindles 10 are arranged symmetrically to the center of gravity S such that their center of gravity essentially coincides with the center of gravity S.
  • the spreading device 6 consists of two angle plates 13 of the two connecting elements 2 arranged symmetrically to the center of gravity S, each with a leg 14, as shown in FIG. 4, in cross section Connect the legs of an isosceles triangle to form the outer double belt 15 or 18 with one of the two inner belt rods 16, 17 or 19.20.
  • the flange-like leg 11 projects from the leg 14 at right angles and is supported against the leg 14 by a stiffening plate 21 extending at right angles to both legs 11, 14.
  • the spreading device 6 is mirror-symmetrical in its entirety to an axis running through the center axis S in the radial direction through the center of the double belt rod cross section.
  • the leg 11 serving as a flange part is cut in such a way that it does not protrude beyond the outer double belt rod 15 or 18, or beyond the inner belt rods 16, 17 or 19, 20.
  • the threaded spindles 10 are fixed on one of the flange-like legs 11 of the opposing legs 11 of the adjoining lattice girders 1, 5 with two lock nuts 12, while on the other leg a nut 12 is sufficient to set the distance between the lattice girders 1, 5 to fix.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

The lining arch consists of several lattice girders which are curved in accordance with an excavated arch and have at least three chord members which run parallel to one another, are connected to one another by spatial stiffening elements and are provided at least at one end with flange-like connecting elements for attaching to adjacent lattice girders. In at least two lattice girders (1, 5) of the excavated arch which are adjacent to one another, an anchoring device (3) for a press (4) to be clamped between the lattice girders (1, 5) is in each case arranged at a distance from the connecting elements (2) in such a way that the point of application of force for the press (4) in each case lies on the centroidal axis (S) of the lattice girders (1, 5). The connecting elements (2) of the two lattice girders (1, 5) adjacent to one another accommodate an expanding device (6) which, after the clamping of the lattice girders (1, 5) by the press (4), maintains the pretension introduced into the lattice girders (1, 5) by preventing a restoring movement, in which arrangement the normal and transverse forces as well as the bending moments of a lattice girder (1) can be completely transmitted to the adjoining lattice girder (5) via the expanding device (6). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Ausbaubogen für den Tunnel­bau aus mehreren bogenförmigen Gitterträgern.The invention relates to an extension arch for tunnel construction from a plurality of arcuate lattice girders.

Derartige Ausbaubögen sind aus DE-OS 29 51 874 und DE Gbm 8125375.3 bekannt.Such expansion arches are known from DE-OS 29 51 874 and DE Gbm 8125375.3.

Stählerne Ausbaubögen aus Gitterträgern haben im Tunnelbau folgende Funktionen:

- Sofortsicherung im Ortsbrustbereich auf der Länge des vordersten Abschlages,
- Lehre beim Aufbringen des Spritzbetons und beim Ausbruch des nächsten Abschlages,
- Bestandteil der Bewehrung der Spritzbetonschale, und
- Auflager für Spieße oder Pfändbleche, welche vorauseilend den nächsten Abschlag sichern sollen.Steel arches made of lattice girders have the following functions in tunnel construction:

- immediate securing in the face area on the length of the foremost tee,
- teaching when applying the shotcrete and when the next tee is broken,
- Part of the reinforcement of the shotcrete shell, and
- Support for skewers or pawn plates, which are supposed to secure the next tee in advance.

Bei nachbrüchigem Gebirge, bei nicht standfestem Locker­gestein, bei Setzungen und bei Vereisungen des Gebirges ist es häufig notwendig, den Ausbaubogen im Einbauzu­stand vorzuspannen bzw. nachzuspannen.In the case of fragile mountains, non-stable loose rock, settlement and icing of the mountains, it is often necessary to pre-tension or re-tension the expansion arch when installed.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Ausbau­bogen zu schaffen, bei dem eine gleichmäßige Vorspannung in die Gitterträger eingebracht werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide an extension sheet in which a uniform bias can be introduced into the lattice girder.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist bei einem Ausbaubogen fur den Tunnelbau aus mehreren bogenförmigen Gitterträgern mit mindestens drei parallel zueinander verlaufenden Gurtstäben, die mit räumlichen Aussteifungselementen untereinander verbunden sind und an mindestens einem Ende mit flanschartigen Verbindungselementen zum An­schluß an angrenzende Gitterträger versehen sind, erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen,
- daß in zwei aneinander angrenzenden Gitterträgern im Abstand von den Verbindungselementen jeweils eine Verankerungsvorrichtung für eine zwischen den Gitterträgern einzuspannende Presse derart angeord­net ist, daß der Kraftangriffspunkt für die Presse jeweils in dem von den Gurtstäben umschlossenen Raum liegt, und
- daß die Verbindungselemente der zwei aneinander angrenzenden Gitterträger eine Spreizvorrichtung aufnehmen, die nach dem Spannen der Gitterträger durch die Presse die in die Gitterträger eingelei­tete Vorspannung durch Verhindern einer Rückstell­bewegung aufrechterhält, wobei die Normal- und Querkräfte, sowie die Biegemomente eines Gitter­trägers über die Spreizvorrichtung vollständig auf den angrenzenden Gitterträger übertragbar sind.To achieve this object, the invention provides for an extension arch for tunnel construction consisting of a plurality of arch-shaped lattice girders with at least three mutually parallel belt bars which are connected to one another with spatial stiffening elements and are provided with flange-like connecting elements at at least one end for connection to adjacent lattice girders.
- That in two adjacent lattice girders at a distance from the connecting elements, an anchoring device for a press to be clamped between the lattice girders is arranged such that the force application point for the press is in each case in the space enclosed by the belt bars, and
- That the connecting elements of the two adjacent lattice girders accommodate a spreader device which, after the lattice girders have been tensioned by the press, maintains the preload introduced into the lattice girders by preventing a restoring movement, the normal and transverse forces, as well as the bending moments of a lattice girder via the spreader device completely are transferable to the adjacent lattice girder.

Der erfindungsgemäße Ausbaubogen ermöglicht eine Vor­spannung in Richtung der Bogenachse des Gitterträgers. Dadurch ist die Gefahr einer zu hohen Momentenbelastung des Ausbaubogens zuverlässig vermieden. Die Veranke­rungsvorrichtung und die Spreizvorrichtung übertragen die Schnittkräfte zwischen zwei Gitterträgern, das sind die Normal- und Querkräfte sowie die Biegemomente, voll in den angrenzenden Gitterträger. Beim Spannen erfolgt die Krafteinleitung in die beiden angrenzenden Gitter­träger. Dadurch erhält der gesamte Ausbaubogen eine Vor­spannung, die ihn gleichmäßig gegen die Wandungen des Ausbruchquerschnittes drückt. Bei nachträglich auftre­tenden Setzungen kann die Presse erneut zwischen zwei Gitterträgern eingesetzt werden, um den Ausbaubogen nachzuspannen. Die Spreizeinrichtung dient dazu, die mit Hilfe der Presse aufgebrachte Vorspannung auch dann aufrecht zu erhalten, wenn die Presse wieder ausgebaut wird. Die erfindungsgemäßen Ausbaubögen sind sowohl als Kalottenbögen als auch als Sohlbögen zu verwenden.The expansion arch according to the invention enables pretensioning in the direction of the arch axis of the lattice girder. As a result, the risk of excessive moment loading of the expansion bend is reliably avoided. Transfer the anchoring device and the spreading device the cutting forces between two lattice girders, that is the normal and transverse forces as well as the bending moments, fully in the adjacent lattice girders. When tensioning, the force is introduced into the two adjacent lattice girders. This gives the entire expansion arch a pretension that presses it evenly against the walls of the excavation cross-section. In the event of subsequent settlement, the press can be reinserted between two lattice girders in order to retighten the extension arch. The spreading device serves to maintain the pretension applied with the press even when the press is removed again. The expansion arches according to the invention can be used both as spherical arches and as sole arches.

Vorzugsweise ist vorgesehen, daß der Kraftangriffspunkt der Presse jeweils in der Schwerachse der Gitterträger liegt. Dadurch erfolgt eine zentrische Vorspannung des Ausbaubogens exakt in der Schwerachse der Gitterträger. Die Presse weist entgegengesetzt ausgerichtete Stangen für die Kraftübertragung auf, die an ihren Enden mit den Verankerungsvorrichtungen demontierbare Gelenke bilden, deren Schwenkachsen die Schwerachse und die Krümmungs­ebene der Schwerachse unter einem rechten Winkel kreu­zen.It is preferably provided that the force application point of the press lies in each case in the center of gravity of the lattice girders. As a result, the expansion arch is preloaded exactly in the center of gravity of the lattice girder. The press has oppositely aligned rods for power transmission, which at their ends form removable joints with the anchoring devices, the pivot axes of which cross the axis of gravity and the plane of curvature of the axis of gravity at a right angle.

Die Gelenke ermöglichen, daß der Ausbaubogen sich auf­grund der aufgebrachten Spannung verlagern kann, ohne daß Biegemomente in die Gitterträger eingebracht werden.The joints enable the expansion arch to be displaced due to the tension applied, without bending moments being introduced into the lattice girders.

Es ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, daß das Gelenk aus einem an dem Ende der Stange befindlichen Auge und einem dem Auge angepaßten, in der Verankerungsvorrichtung gelager­ten lösbaren Bolzen besteht.It is preferably provided that the joint consists of an eye located at the end of the rod and a detachable bolt which is adapted to the eye and is mounted in the anchoring device.

Mit Hilfe des lösbaren Bolzens der Verankerungseinrich­tung läßt sich die Presse mit ihren beiden Kraftüber­tragungsstangen ohne Justierarbeit zwischen zwei Gitter­trägern stets so einsetzen, daß die Krafteinleitung über die Stangen in der Schwerachse der Gitterträger erfolgt. Auf diese Weise kann die Presse zum Spreizen der Aus­baubogen ohne großen Montageaufwand ein- und ausgebaut werden.With the help of the releasable bolt of the anchoring device, the press with its two power transmission rods can always be used without adjustment work between two lattice girders in such a way that the force is introduced via the rods in the axis of gravity of the lattice girders. In this way, the press can be installed and removed for spreading the expansion sheets without great assembly effort.

Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß die Spreizeinrichtung mehrere parallel zur Schwerachse der Gitterträger verlaufende Gewindespindeln aufweist, die durch die Flanschteile der Verbindungselemente hindurch­treten und mit Kontermuttern gegen die Flanschteile fixierbar sind, wobei die Schwerachse der Gewindespin­delanordnung mit der Schwerachse der Gitterträger an der Verbindungsstelle zusammenfällt. Mit Hilfe der Gewinde­spindeln in Verbindung mit den Kontermuttern wird der Abstand zwischen den Flanschteilen der jeweiligen Ver­bindungselemente abgesichert und fixiert. Danach kann die Presse entnommen werden, ohne daß die in dem Aus­baubogen eingeleitete Spannung abfällt.A further development of the invention provides that the spreading device has a plurality of threaded spindles running parallel to the center of gravity of the lattice girders, which pass through the flange parts of the connecting elements and can be fixed with lock nuts against the flange parts, the center of gravity of the threaded spindle arrangement coinciding with the center of gravity of the lattice girders at the connection point . With the help of the threaded spindles in connection with the lock nuts, the distance between the flange parts of the respective connecting elements is secured and fixed. The press can then be removed without the voltage introduced in the expansion arch dropping.

Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung bestehen die Verbindungselemente aus Winkelblechen, die mit ihrem einen zur Schwerachse parallelen Schenkel an zwei jeweils benachbarten Gurtstäben befestigt sind und deren anderer Schenkel als Flanschteil unter einem rechten Winkel von dem Gitterträger absteht. Die in bezug auf die Schwerachse symmetrisch angeordneten Winkelbleche lassen sich leicht an die Gurtstäbe an­schweißen und übertragen vollständig Quer- und Normal­kräfte sowie Biegemomente.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the connecting elements consist of angle plates, which are fastened with their one leg parallel to the center of gravity to two respectively adjacent belt bars and whose other leg projects as a flange part at a right angle from the lattice girder. The angular plates arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of gravity can be easily welded to the belt rods and completely transmit transverse and normal forces as well as bending moments.

Bei dem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist weiterhin vorgesehen, daß die Verbindungselemente derart an den Gurtstäben befestigt sind, daß der von den Gurtstäben umschlossene Raum zur bogeninneren Begrenzung des Aus­baubogens offen ist. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, die Presse zum Spreizen der Gitterträger in den von den Gurtstäben umschlossenen Raum und damit in die Nähe der Schwerachse der Gitterträger einzufügen und mit den Verankerungsvorrichtungen zu verriegeln.In the preferred embodiment, it is further provided that the connecting elements are fastened to the belt rods in such a way that the space enclosed by the belt rods is open to the inner boundary of the extension arch. In this way it is possible to insert the press for spreading the lattice girders into the space enclosed by the belt bars and thus in the vicinity of the center of gravity of the lattice girders and to lock them with the anchoring devices.

Die als Verbindungselemente dienenden Winkelbleche zur Versteifung des Winkels können ein senkrecht auf beiden Schenkel stehendes Aussteifungsblech aufweisen, das den rechten Winkel des Winkelblechs abstützt. Auf diese Weise werden die bei einer Vorspannung des Ausbaubogens auftretenden höheren Kräfte und Momente zuverlässiger von einem Gitterträger auf den nächsten übertragen.The angle plates serving as connecting elements for stiffening the angle can have a stiffening plate standing vertically on both legs, which supports the right angle of the angle plate. In this way, the higher forces and moments that occur during pretensioning of the expansion arch are transmitted more reliably from one lattice girder to the next.

Im folgenden wird unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Abschnitt eines Ausbaubogens, bei dem am Fuß des Gitterträgers die Auflagerkräfte über eine angeschweißte Fußplatte in das Gebirge abgetragen werden,
  • Fig. 2 eine Seitenansicht einer Verbindungsstelle zwischen zwei Gitterträgern des Ausbaubogens,
  • Fig. 3 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie III-III in Fig. 2,
  • Fig. 4 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 2 und
  • Fig. 5 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie V-V in Fig. 4.
In the following an embodiment of the invention will be explained with reference to the drawings. Show it:
  • 1 shows a section of an extension arch, in which the support forces are dissipated into the mountains via a welded footplate at the base of the lattice girder,
  • 2 is a side view of a connection point between two lattice girders of the extension arch,
  • 3 shows a section along the line III-III in FIG. 2,
  • Fig. 4 is a section along the line IV-IV in Fig. 2 and
  • 5 shows a section along the line VV in FIG. 4.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Abschnitt eines Ausbaubogens, wie er beispielsweise bei der österreichischen Bauweise zur Sofortsicherung im Ortsbrustbereich auf der Länge des vordersten Abschlages und als Bestandteil der Bewehrung einer Spritzbetonschale verwendet wird. Der Ausbaubogen besteht im wesentlichen aus mehreren entsprechend einem Ausbruchbogen gebogenen Gitterträgern 1,5, die im Orts­brustbereich zu einem der Ausbruchgeometrie angepaßten Bogen zusammengesetzt werden. Dabei weisen die Gitter­träger 1,5 bereits eine Krümmung auf, die der Ausbruch­geometrie entspricht. Bei druckhaftem Gebirge kann der Ausbaubogen rundum geschlossen sein, d.h. an einen Kalottenbogen schließt sich ein Sohlbogen an, der den Ausbaubogen im Tunnelquerschnitt schließt.Fig. 1 shows a section of an extension arch, as used for example in the Austrian construction for immediate securing in the face area on the length of the foremost tee and as part of the reinforcement of a shotcrete shell. The expansion arch essentially consists of a plurality of lattice girders 1, 5, which are bent in accordance with an excavation arch and which are assembled in the face area to form an arch adapted to the excavation geometry. The lattice girders 1,5 already have a curvature that corresponds to the excavation geometry. In the case of pressurized mountains, the expansion arch can be completely closed, i.e. a base arch connects to a spherical arch, which closes the extension arch in the tunnel cross-section.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Ausbaubogen in Form eines Kalotten­bogens dargestellt, bei dem sich ein oder mehrere Gitterträger 1 im Fußbereich der Kalotte auf einen Gitterträger 5 abstützen, der einen ausgestellten Fuß mit Fußplatte 40 aufweist. Die Auflagerkräfte des Kalottenbogens werden am Fuß des Gitterträgers 5 über die angeschweißte Fußplatte 40 in das Gebirge abgetra­gen. Der mit der Fußplatte 40 verbundene Gitterträger 5 weist zusätzlich einen ins Gebirge ausgestellten Fuß 41 auf, der von dem äußeren Doppelgurt 18 absteht und mit dem bogenäußeren Ende der Fußplatte verbunden ist, um die auftretenden Auflagerkräfte auf einer größeren Fläche in das Gebirge abzutragen.1 shows an expansion arch in the form of a dome arch, in which one or more lattice girders 1 are supported in the base region of the dome on a lattice girder 5 which has a flared foot with a base plate 40. The support forces of the spherical cap are removed at the foot of the lattice girder 5 into the mountains via the welded-on foot plate 40. The lattice girder 5 connected to the base plate 40 additionally has a base 41 which is protruded into the mountains and protrudes from the outer double belt 18 and is connected to the outer end of the base plate in order to dissipate the bearing forces which occur over a larger area in the mountains.

Jeder Gitterträger weist drei Gurtstäbe 15 bis 20, die im Querschnitt des Gitterträgers im wesentlichen drei­eckförmig angeordnet sind und die über räumliche Auf­steifungselemente 35 untereinander verbunden sind. Die Gurtstäbe 15 bis 20 und die räumlichen Aussteifungs­elemente 35 weisen eine sehr hohe Festigkeit und ein großes Formänderungsvermögen auf, wobei zusätzlich eine sehr gute Schweißeignung gewährleistet sein muß. Die dreieckförmige Anordnung der Gurtstäbe ist derart, daß der die Spitze des Dreiecks bildende Gurtstab 15,18 der bogenäußere Gurtstab ist, während die beiden anderen Gurtstäbe 16,17;19,20 die bogeninnere Begrenzung eines Gitterträgers 1,5 bilden. Der äußere Gurtstab 15,18 ist dabei als Doppelgurtstab ausgebildet.Each lattice girder has three belt bars 15 to 20, which are arranged in the cross section of the lattice girder in a substantially triangular shape and which are connected to one another via spatial stiffening elements 35. The belt bars 15 to 20 and the spatial stiffening elements 35 have a very high strength and a large ability to change shape, and in addition a very good weldability must be ensured. The triangular arrangement of the belt rods is such that the belt rod 15, 18 forming the tip of the triangle is the outer belt rod, while the other two belt rods 16, 17, 19, 20 form the inner boundary of a lattice girder 1.5. The outer belt rod 15, 18 is designed as a double belt rod.

An den Stoßstellen zwischen zwei Gitterträgern 1,5 sind an deren Ende jeweils flanschartige an die Gurtstäbe angeschweißte Verbindungselemente 2 angeordnet, die aus Winkelblechen 13 bestehen, und die es ermöglichen, mehrere Gitterträger hintereinander über Verschraubungen zu einem Ausbaubogen zu verbinden. Die Stoßstellen der Gitterträger 1,5 sind so ausgebildet, daß die Übertragung der vollen Schnittkräfte (Biegemomente, Normalkraft und Querkraft) und eine leichte Montage vor Ort gewährleistet ist.At the joints between two lattice girders 1, 5, flange-like connecting elements 2, which consist of angle plates 13, are arranged at their ends, which consist of angle plates 13 and which make it possible to connect a plurality of lattice girders one behind the other by means of screw connections to form an extension arch. The joints of the lattice girder 1.5 are designed so that the transmission of the full cutting forces (bending moments, normal force and shear force) and easy assembly on site is guaranteed.

Im Abstand von den Verbindungselementen 2 sind in den Gitterträgern 1,5 Verankerungsvorrichtungen 3 angeord­net, mit denen zwischen zwei Gitterträgern 1,5 eine hydraulische Presse 4 befestigt werden kann. Der Abstand der Verankerungsvorrichtung 3 von dem Ende eines Gitter­trägers bzw. der Abstand zwischen zwei Verankerungsvor­richtungen 3 an zwei angrenzenden Gitterträgern ist von den Dimensionen der hydraulischen Presse 4 abhängig, wobei der Abstand zwischen zwei Verankerungsvorrich­tungen 3 möglichst gering gewählt werden sollte. Die Verankerungsvorrichtung 3 besteht aus zwei rechtwink­ligen L-förmigen Winkelblechen 30,31, die derart mit den Gurtstäben 15 bis 20 verschweißt werden, daß jeweils zwei, zueinander mit Abstand parallele, längere Schenkel radial nach außen weisen und mit ihren radial äußeren Enden, wie aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich, seitlich an dem Doppelgurt 15,18 angeschweißt sind, während die von ihnen rechtwinklig abstehenden im wesentlichen zum Aus­bruchbogen parallelen kürzeren Schenkel auf den bogen­inneren Gurtstäben 16,17 bzw. 19,20 aufliegen und dort verschweißt sind. In den beiden mit Abstand parallel zueinander verlaufenden radial ausgerichteten Schenkeln 36 ist jeweils eine Bohrung für einen Bolzen 7 vorgese­hen, dessen Mittelachse die Schwerachse S des Gitter­trägers 1,5 rechtwinklig schneidet. Die Mittelachse steht darüberhinaus senkrecht auf dem Krümmungsradius des Ausbaubogens.At a distance from the connecting elements 2, 1.5 anchoring devices 3 are arranged in the lattice girders, with which a hydraulic press 4 can be fastened between two lattice girders 1.5. The distance of the anchoring device 3 from the end of a lattice girder or the distance between two anchoring devices 3 on two adjacent lattice girders is from depending on the dimensions of the hydraulic press 4, the distance between two anchoring devices 3 should be chosen as small as possible. The anchoring device 3 consists of two right-angled L-shaped angle plates 30, 31, which are welded to the belt rods 15 to 20 in such a way that two mutually parallel, longer legs point radially outwards and with their radially outer ends, as from Fig. 3 can be seen, welded to the side of the double belt 15, 18, while the shorter legs projecting at right angles from them, essentially parallel to the breakout arch, rest on the inner belt rods 16, 17 and 19, 20 and are welded there. In each of the two radially aligned legs 36, which run parallel to one another at a distance, a bore is provided for a bolt 7, the central axis of which intersects the center axis S of the lattice girder 1.5 at right angles. The central axis is also perpendicular to the radius of curvature of the extension bend.

Die Presse 4 weist an ihren beiden Enden entgegengesetzt wirkende Kraftübertragungsstangen 8 auf, die jeweils in einem Auge 9 zur Aufnahme des Bolzens 7 enden. Die Mittelachse eines Auges 9 schneidet die Längsachse der Kraftübertragungsstange rechtwinklig. Das Auge 9 und der Bolzen 7 sind hinsichtlich der Querschnittsform einander angepaßt. Diese Längsachse stimmt mit der Richtung der Krafteinleitung durch die Presse 4 überein. Das Ende der Kraftübertragungsstange 8 mit dem Auge kann zwischen die beiden parallelen Schenkel der Winkelbleche 30,31 derart eingefügt werden, daß der Bolzen 7 durch die Schenkel und das Auge 9 tritt und dadurch die Presse 4 mit dem Gitterträger 1,5 fest verbindet. Der Abstand zwischen den beiden Winkelblechen 30,31 entspricht im wesentli­chen der Breite des Doppelgurtes 15,18.The press 4 has at its two ends oppositely acting force transmission rods 8, each of which ends in an eye 9 for receiving the bolt 7. The central axis of an eye 9 intersects the longitudinal axis of the power transmission rod at right angles. The eye 9 and the bolt 7 are adapted to one another with regard to the cross-sectional shape. This longitudinal axis corresponds to the direction in which force is applied by the press 4. The end of the power transmission rod 8 with the eye can be inserted between the two parallel legs of the angle plates 30,31 in such a way that the bolt 7 passes through the legs and the eye 9 and thereby the press 4 with the Lattice girder 1.5 firmly connects. The distance between the two angle plates 30, 31 essentially corresponds to the width of the double belt 15, 18.

Wenn die Presse jeweils mit Hilfe der in den Veranke­rungsvorrichtungen 6 gelagerten Bolzen 7 mit den Git­terträgern 1,5 verriegelt ist, kann die Presse betätigt werden, um in den Ausbaubogen eine Vorspannung einzu­bringen, indem die Gitterträger auseinandergedrückt werden. Dabei befindet sich der Kraftangriffspunkt der Presse 4 genau auf der Schwerachse S der Gitterträger, wodurch eine Krafteinleitung in Richtung der Schwerachse S erfolgt.If the press is locked to the lattice girders 1, 5 by means of the bolts 7 stored in the anchoring devices 6, the press can be actuated in order to introduce a pretension into the expansion arch by pushing the lattice girders apart. The force application point of the press 4 is located exactly on the center of gravity S of the lattice girders, whereby a force is introduced in the direction of the center of gravity S.

Nachdem der Ausbaubogen ausreichend vorgespannt ist, wird mit Hilfe einer Spreizvorrichtung 6 der Abstand zwischen den Gitterträgern 1,5 mit Hilfe von insgesamt 4 Gewindespindeln 10 in Verbindung mit Kontermuttern 12 an den Flanschteilen 11 der Verbindungselemente 2 gesi­chert, damit die Vorspannung auch nach dem Entfernen der Presse 4 aufrechterhalten bleibt. Hierbei kommt es auch darauf an, daß die Spreizvorrichtung ebenfalls die Normal- und Querkräfte sowie die Biegemomente unver­fälscht auf die Gitterträger überträgt. Hierzu ist vor­gesehen, daß die Gewindespindeln 10 derart symmetrisch zu der Schwerachse S angeordnet sind, daß deren Schwer­achse im wesentlichen mit der Schwerachse S zusammen­fällt.After the expansion arch is sufficiently pre-tensioned, the distance between the lattice girders 1.5 is secured with the aid of a total of 4 threaded spindles 10 in connection with lock nuts 12 on the flange parts 11 of the connecting elements 2 with the aid of a spreading device 6, so that the pre-tensioning also after removing the Press 4 is maintained. It is also important that the spreading device also transmits the normal and transverse forces as well as the bending moments unadulterated to the lattice girders. For this purpose, it is provided that the threaded spindles 10 are arranged symmetrically to the center of gravity S such that their center of gravity essentially coincides with the center of gravity S.

Die Spreizvorrichtung 6 besteht aus zwei symmetrisch zur Schwerachse S angeordneten Winkelblechen 13 der beiden Verbindungselemente 2, die jeweils mit einem Schenkel 14, wie aus Fig. 4 ersichtlich, im Querschnitt einen Schenkel eines gleichschenkligen Dreiecks bildend den bogenäußeren Doppelgurt 15 bzw.18 mit einem der beiden bogeninneren Gurtstäbe 16,17 bzw. 19,20 verbinden. Von dem Schenkel 14 steht jeweils rechtwinklig der flansch­artige Schenkel 11 ab, der mit einem rechtwinklig zu beiden Schenkeln 11,14 verlaufenden Aussteifungsblech 21 gegen den Schenkel 14 abgestützt ist. Die Spreizvorrich­tung 6 ist in ihrer Gesamtheit zu einer durch die Schwer­achse S in Radialrichtung durch die Mitte des Doppel­gurtstabquerschnittes verlaufende Achse spiegelsymme­trisch. Der als Flanschteil dienende Schenkel 11 ist dabei derart zugeschnitten, daß er weder über den bogenäußeren Doppelgurtstab 15 bzw.18 noch über die bogeninneren Gurtstäbe 16,17 bzw. 19,20 übersteht.The spreading device 6 consists of two angle plates 13 of the two connecting elements 2 arranged symmetrically to the center of gravity S, each with a leg 14, as shown in FIG. 4, in cross section Connect the legs of an isosceles triangle to form the outer double belt 15 or 18 with one of the two inner belt rods 16, 17 or 19.20. The flange-like leg 11 projects from the leg 14 at right angles and is supported against the leg 14 by a stiffening plate 21 extending at right angles to both legs 11, 14. The spreading device 6 is mirror-symmetrical in its entirety to an axis running through the center axis S in the radial direction through the center of the double belt rod cross section. The leg 11 serving as a flange part is cut in such a way that it does not protrude beyond the outer double belt rod 15 or 18, or beyond the inner belt rods 16, 17 or 19, 20.

Die Gewindespindeln 10 sind an einem der flanschartigen Schenkel 11 der sich gegenüberstehenden Schenkel 11 der aneinander angrenzenden Gitterträger 1,5 mit zwei Kon­termuttern 12 fixiert, während an dem anderen Schenkel eine Mutter 12 ausreicht, um zwischen den Schenkeln 11 den Abstand zwischen den Gitterträgern 1,5 zu fixieren.The threaded spindles 10 are fixed on one of the flange-like legs 11 of the opposing legs 11 of the adjoining lattice girders 1, 5 with two lock nuts 12, while on the other leg a nut 12 is sufficient to set the distance between the lattice girders 1, 5 to fix.

Claims (10)

1. Ausbaubogen für den Tunnelbau aus mehreren bogen­förmigen Gitterträgern mit mindestens drei parallel zueinander verlaufenden Gurtstäben, die mit räum­lichen Aussteifungselementen untereinander verbun­den sind und an mindestens einem Ende mit flansch­artigen Verbindungselementen zum Anschluß an an­grenzende Gitterträger versehen sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
- daß in zwei aneinander angrenzenden Gitter­trägern (1,5) im Abstand von den Verbindungs­elementen (2) jeweils eine Verankerungsvor­richtung (3) für eine zwischen den Gitter­trägern (1,5) einzuspannende Presse (4) derart angeordnet ist, daß der Kraftangriffspunkt für die Presse (4) jeweils in dem von den Gurt­stäben (15 bis 20) umschlossenen Raum liegt, und
- daß die Verbindungselemente (2) der zwei an­einander angrenzenden Gitterträger (1,5) eine Spreizvorrichtung (6) aufnehmen, die nach dem Spannen der Gitterträger (1,5) durch die Presse (4) die in die Gitterträger (1,5) ein­geleitete Vorspannung durch Verhindern einer Rückstellbewegung aufrechterhält, wobei die Normal- und Querkrafte, sowie die Biegemomente eines Gitterträgers (1) über die Spreiz­vorrichtung (6) vollständig auf den angrenzenden Gitterträger (5) übertragbar sind.1. Extension arch for tunnel construction from a plurality of arch-shaped lattice girders with at least three belt bars running parallel to one another, which are connected to one another with spatial stiffening elements and are provided at at least one end with flange-like connecting elements for connection to adjacent lattice girders,
characterized,
- That in two adjacent lattice girders (1,5) at a distance from the connecting elements (2) each an anchoring device (3) for a between the lattice girders (1,5) to be clamped press (4) is arranged such that the force application point for the Press (4) lies in the space enclosed by the belt rods (15 to 20), and
- That the connecting elements (2) of the two adjacent lattice girders (1.5) accommodate a spreading device (6) which, after tensioning the lattice girders (1.5) by the press (4) into the lattice girders (1.5) initiated preload is maintained by preventing a restoring movement, the normal and transverse forces, as well as the bending moments of a lattice girder (1) being completely transferable to the adjacent lattice girder (5) via the spreading device (6). 2. Ausbaubogen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß der Kraftangriffspunkt für die Presse (4) jeweils in der Schwerachse (S) der Gitterträger (1,5) liegt.2. Extension sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that the force application point for the press (4) is in each case in the center of gravity (S) of the lattice girder (1,5). 3. Ausbaubogen nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß die Presse (4) entgegengesetzt ausgerich­tete Stangen (8) für die Kraftübertragung aufweist, die an ihren Enden mit den Verankerungsvorrich­tungen (3) demontierbare Gelenke (9,7) bilden, deren Schwenkachsen die Schwerachse (S) und die Krümmungsebene der Schwerachse (S) unter einem rechten Winkel kreuzen.3. Extension sheet according to claim 2, characterized in that the press (4) has oppositely aligned rods (8) for power transmission, the ends of which form removable joints (9, 7) with the anchoring devices (3), the pivot axes of which are the center of gravity (S) and the plane of curvature of the axis of gravity (S) cross at a right angle. 4. Ausbaubogen nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß das Gelenk (9,7) aus einem an dem Ende der Stange (8) befindlichen Auge (9) und einem dem Auge (9) angepaßten, in der Verankerungsvorrichtung (3) gelagerten lösbaren Bolzen (7) besteht.4. Extension arch according to claim 3, characterized in that the joint (9,7) from an at the end of the rod (8) located eye (9) and an eye (9) adapted in the anchoring device (3) mounted detachable Bolt (7) exists. 5. Ausbaubogen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spreizeinrichtung (6) mehrere parallel zur Schwerachse (S) der Git­terträger (1,5) verlaufende Gewindespindeln (10) aufweist, die durch die Flanschteile (11) der Ver­bindungselemente (2) hindurchtreten und mit Konter­muttern (12) gegen die Flanschteile fixierbar sind, wobei die Schwerachse der Gewindespindelanordnung mit der Schwerachse (S) der Gitterträger (1,5) an der Verbindungsstelle zusammenfällt.5. Extension sheet according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the spreading device (6) has a plurality of parallel to the center of gravity (S) of the lattice girder (1,5) threaded spindles (10) through the flange parts (11) of the connecting elements (2) pass through and can be fixed with lock nuts (12) against the flange parts, the center of gravity of the threaded spindle arrangement coinciding with the center of gravity (S) of the lattice girders (1,5) at the connection point. 6. Ausbaubogen nach einem der Anspruche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungselemente (2) aus Winkelblechen (13) bestehen, die mit ihrem einen zur Schwerachse (S) parallelen Schenkel (14) an zwei benachbarten Gurtstäben (15,16;15,17;18,19; 18,20) befestigt sind und deren anderer Schenkel als Flanschteil (11) unter einem rechten Winkel zur Schwerachse (S) von den Gitterträgern (1,5) ab­steht.6. Extension sheet according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the connecting elements (2) consist of angle plates (13) which with their one parallel to the axis of gravity (S) leg (14) on two adjacent belt bars (15, 16; 15, 17; 18, 19; 18, 20) are fastened and the other leg of which, as a flange part (11), projects from the lattice girders (1,5) at a right angle to the center of gravity (S). 7. Ausbaubogen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens zwei Gurt­stäbe (16,17,19,20) die bogeninnere Begrenzung des Gitterträgers (1,5) bilden und mindestens ein Gurtstab (15,18) die bogenäußere Begrenzung bildet.7. Extension bow according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least two belt rods (16,17,19,20) form the inner boundary of the lattice girder (1,5) and at least one belt rod (15,18) the outer boundary forms. 8. Ausbaubogen nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß die Verbindungselemente (2) derart an den Gurtstäben (15 bis 20) befestigt sind, daß der von den Gurtstäben (15 bis 20) umschlossene Raum zur bogeninneren Begrenzung offen ist.8. Extension bow according to claim 7, characterized in that the connecting elements (2) are fastened to the belt rods (15 to 20) in such a way that the space enclosed by the belt rods (15 to 20) is open to the inner boundary. 9. Ausbaubogen nach einem der Anspruche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der die bogenäußere Begrenzung bildende Gurtstab (15,18) ein Doppel­gurtstab ist.9. Extension bow according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the belt rod forming the outer boundary of the belt rod (15, 18) is a double belt rod. 10. Ausbaubogen nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Winkelbleche (13) ein Aussteifungsblech (21) zur Abstützung des rechten Winkels aufweisen, das senkrecht zu beiden Schenkeln (11,14) befestigt ist.10. Extension sheet according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the angle plates (13) have a stiffening plate (21) for supporting the right angle, which is fixed perpendicular to both legs (11, 14).
EP88110677A 1987-07-09 1988-07-05 Lining arch for tunnels Withdrawn EP0302243A1 (en)

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DE19873722609 DE3722609C1 (en) 1987-07-09 1987-07-09 Extension arch for tunnel construction

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DE19835557B4 (en) * 1998-08-06 2008-05-29 Bochumer Eisenhütte Heintzmann GmbH & Co. KG Stackable lattice girder removal frame and stiffeners for this frame
US20100005751A1 (en) * 2006-08-02 2010-01-14 Guenther Troester Substructure for a construction that is self-supporting without the substructure and use of the substructure
JP2016132961A (en) * 2015-01-22 2016-07-25 清水建設株式会社 Structure of tunnel steel timbering
CN117145546A (en) * 2023-10-30 2023-12-01 保利长大工程有限公司 Tunnel lock foot anchor pipe fixing device and method

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DE202006017048U1 (en) 2006-11-08 2007-01-04 Tunnel-Ausbau-Technik Gmbh Device for connecting ends of at least two grid supports used in tunnel construction has plates fixed between each pair of belt rods and bridged by a tie strap that fixes two grid supports together
IT202200001559A1 (en) * 2022-01-31 2023-07-31 Officine Maccaferri Italia S R L Support rib for an excavation, with control of the thrust exerted by the walls of the excavation

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GB946460A (en) * 1959-11-24 1964-01-15 Charles Terence Mulvaney Improvements in structural members for buildings
DE1608527B1 (en) * 1964-10-13 1970-05-21 Aug Kloenne Fa Underground expansion
DE2556087A1 (en) * 1975-12-12 1977-06-16 Julius Georg Stefan Dip Keller Concrete slab reinforcing three-dimensional lattice girder - has auxiliary paired vertical struts joining lower chords to upper chord and lying in plane across girder axis
DE2708719A1 (en) * 1977-03-01 1978-09-07 Bochumer Eisen Heintzmann Mine support with overlapping channel clamp - has hydraulic cylinder between two brackets, one with locating finger
EP0073733A1 (en) * 1981-09-01 1983-03-09 Pantex-Stahl AG Grid-like girder for the support of underground galleries and shafts

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19835557B4 (en) * 1998-08-06 2008-05-29 Bochumer Eisenhütte Heintzmann GmbH & Co. KG Stackable lattice girder removal frame and stiffeners for this frame
US20100005751A1 (en) * 2006-08-02 2010-01-14 Guenther Troester Substructure for a construction that is self-supporting without the substructure and use of the substructure
JP2016132961A (en) * 2015-01-22 2016-07-25 清水建設株式会社 Structure of tunnel steel timbering
CN117145546A (en) * 2023-10-30 2023-12-01 保利长大工程有限公司 Tunnel lock foot anchor pipe fixing device and method
CN117145546B (en) * 2023-10-30 2023-12-29 保利长大工程有限公司 Tunnel lock foot anchor pipe fixing device and method

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