EP0301929A1 - Gyro-TWT protected against unwanted modes - Google Patents

Gyro-TWT protected against unwanted modes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0301929A1
EP0301929A1 EP88401730A EP88401730A EP0301929A1 EP 0301929 A1 EP0301929 A1 EP 0301929A1 EP 88401730 A EP88401730 A EP 88401730A EP 88401730 A EP88401730 A EP 88401730A EP 0301929 A1 EP0301929 A1 EP 0301929A1
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Prior art keywords
gyrotron
modes
corrugations
wave
mode
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EP88401730A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Georges Mourier
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/025Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators with an electron stream following a helical path

Definitions

  • the traveling wave gyrotrons also called gyro-TOP can produce tens of kilowatts in continuous mode, at 100 GHz and beyond.
  • traveling wave gyrotrons when they operate in TE 01 mode, have their beam which can also interact with TE 21 and TE 11 modes, giving rise to waves propagating in the opposite direction of the beam; it is an operating regime which theoretically allows a high output power but with which, due to the risks of instability due to intersections with the TE 21 and TE 11 modes, it is necessary to limit the amplification.
  • the object of the present invention is to avoid or, at the very least, to limit this drawback.
  • a traveling wave gyrotron operating in TE01 mode and comprising an electron gun, a collector, a waveguide having a first and a second end respectively coupled to the barrel and to the collector and an access located between the two ends of the waveguide and intended to introduce a wave to be amplified in the waveguide, is characterized in that, between the access and the second end, the guide comprises a repetitive, periodic set of transverse corrugations whose dimensions are such that they allow the TE01 mode to pass and modify the propagation of the unwanted modes so as to avoid their action on the electron beam of the gyrotron.
  • FIG. 1 represents the structure of the traveling wave gyrotron which represents the section of a vacuum tube inside a solenoid S which excites a magnetic field.
  • the electron gun 2 of the MIG type (magnetron injection gun in the English literature) comprises a hot cathode 21 brought to a negative potential of - 50 kV, surrounded by an anode 20 brought to a potential of - 40 kV which extracts a tubular electron beam in which the electrons have helical trajectories such as T1, T2, guided by the magnetic field; the beam moves concentrically to a tubular structure in waveguides 1 ′.
  • This beam passes through a narrowed part 10 of the tubular structure 1 ′, then a roughly cylindrical wave guide 11 comprising a attenuated region 7 and ending on a horn 3 followed by a collector 4 closed by a window, 5, vacuum tight and transparent to high frequency waves.
  • a roughly cylindrical wave guide 11 comprising a attenuated region 7 and ending on a horn 3 followed by a collector 4 closed by a window, 5, vacuum tight and transparent to high frequency waves.
  • an excitation circuit 6 allowing the wave to be amplified, conveyed in a wave guide 60, to excite in the guide 11 a wave which will be amplified by the electron beam and will exit through window 5 to a user device such as a radar antenna.
  • the electron beam is characterized by its diameter, its current I, the longitudinal, u, and transverse, v, velocities of its electrons.
  • the electromagnetic wave is characterized by the frequency f, the propagation mode, the phase speed V, which depends on the mode, the frequency and the diameter of the guide.
  • Figure 2 is a Brillouin diagram which illustrates the variation of ⁇ a / c as a function of ⁇ a (where c is the speed of light and where ⁇ a and ⁇ a are reduced variables for ⁇ and ⁇ , i.e. dimensionless variables) for three different modes, the field lines of which are shown diagrammatically on the right in Figure 2.
  • This quantity i is the angular velocity which characterizes the orbits of the electrons in the magnetic field, that is to say the projections on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the helices.
  • the straight line D in FIG. 2 is tangent at A to the curve of the TE01 mode and allows amplification in a frequency band around the frequency corresponding to the point A.
  • Interaction with TE01 mode therefore corresponds to a larger section guide which also allows a higher electronic current than TE11 mode.
  • the electron beam corresponding to the straight line D can also interact with the TE21 and TE11 modes (points M and N) in the negative region of ⁇ a, which corresponds to waves propagating in opposite directions to the electron beam.
  • These parasitic interactions correspond to oscillations analogous to those of the well-known backward wave oscillators or carcinotrons.
  • the regime at A ′ is stable and allows high amplification at moderate power.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show such a guide, G, in longitudinal section and in transverse section, respectively.
  • the TEon modes when the width, d, of the circumferential slots is substantially less than half a wavelength at the operating frequency, the TEon modes, the magnetic field of which is parallel to the slots as indicated by an arrow K in Figure 4, do not penetrate far into the region inside the slots, because they are attenuated exponentially as in a waveguide below the cutoff frequency. All the other modes, which have a radial and / or longitudinal component of electric field, penetrate the corrugations.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show respectively in longitudinal section and in cross section, another corrugated waveguide, 1.
  • the guide 1 of FIGS. 5 and 6 is drawn in broken lines so as to better show how an absorbent substance, H, is placed at the bottom of his corrugations.
  • Using a mortiser four longitudinal notches, ninety degrees apart, were made in the outer wall of the guide G and then four elongated plates, H1 to H4, of absorbent substance, H, were arranged in the notches and each notch was then closed by an elongated cover, C1 to C4, of the same material as the rest of the guide G and which is welded to the edges of the notch which it covers.
  • FIG. 7 is a Brillouin diagram of a guide of the type of those of FIGS. 3 to 6 for the curves in solid lines and, as a reminder, of a guide of the smooth type for the curves in broken line; one of these curves, that for the TE01 mode being the same for the two types of guides, has simply been shown in solid lines.
  • This figure shows that the dispersion curves of the modes other than TEom (in fact here only TE01, but it would be the same for n integer greater than 1) are strongly modified by the corrugations with absorbent substance and that this makes it possible to push back into M ′ The parasitic interaction region M and to suppress the interaction N.
  • This modification which comes in addition to the attenuation of the undesired modes, that is to say modes other than TEom, is therefore also favorable to the good operation of the gyrotron.
  • FIG. 8 is a partial view of a traveling wave gyrotron whose tubular structure in waveguides, 1, is of the same type as that, 1 ′, of the gyrotron according to Figure 1 but also comprises assemblies repetitive, periodic corrugations with absorbent substance, such as guides G according to FIGS. 3 to 6; in the example described the substance is magnesium oxide.
  • an electron gun, 2 and the tubular structure, 1, from a narrowed part, 10, which follows the gun 2, to about the middle of a waveguide near cylindrical, 11; the guide 11, as in the case of FIG. 1, is extended by a horn followed by a collector closed by a window, these last three elements have not been shown in FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 8 also shows part of a waveguide 60 intended, like the guide 60 of FIG. 1, to convey the wave to be amplified by the electron beam.
  • the corrugations of the tubular structure 1 range practically from the electron gun 2 up to three quarters of the length of the guide, with an interruption at the level of the portion of the narrowed portion 10 where the guide 60 opens out.
  • Such a distribution of the corrugations has proved to be largely sufficient to achieve the performances which were sought.
  • the corrugations must be present on a larger portion of the tubular structure or may be present only on a smaller portion of this tubular structure.
  • the corrugations of the assembly located between the barrel 2 the access of the guide 60 are greater than those of the assembly situated on the other side of this access; it is that the corrugations must be sufficiently small in the guide 11 to avoid that the mode TE01 can penetrate there and be attenuated; on the other hand, between the barrel and the access of the guide 60, where, in the structure 1, the wave conveyed by the guide 60 does not need to propagate, the TE01 mode can also be attenuated.

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Abstract

Travelling-wave gyrotron protected against the TEmn modes, where m and n are integers greater than zero. The desired aim is to attenuate all the TEmn modes, but to not attenuate the TE0n modes, and most particularly the TE01 mode, since these latter permit optimal operation of the gyrotron. For this purpose the waveguide (1) which couples the electron gun (2) to the collector (4) comprises, at least in part of the zone situated between the pathway for the wave to be amplified and the collector, a repetitive, periodic assembly of corrugations. A material able to absorb electromagnetic waves can be placed in these corrugations. Application to high-power gyrotrons. <IMAGE>

Description

Les gyrotrons à ondes progressives aussi appelés gyro-TOP peuvent produire des dizaines de kilowatts en régime continu, à 100 GHz et au-delà.The traveling wave gyrotrons also called gyro-TOP can produce tens of kilowatts in continuous mode, at 100 GHz and beyond.

Dans la suite de la description chaque fois qu'il sera question d'un gyrotron, sans autre précision, il faudra entendre gyrotron à ondes progressives.In the following description, each time there is a question of a gyrotron, without further details, it will be necessary to hear gyrotron with traveling waves.

Ces gyrotrons à ondes progressives, de type connu, lorsqu'ils fonctionnent sur le mode TE 01, ont leur faisceau qui peut égale­ment interagir avec les modes TE 21 et TE 11, donnant lieu à des ondes se propageant dans le sens inverse du faisceau ; c'est un régime de fonctionnement qui permet théoriquement une puis­sance de sortie élevée mais avec lequel, du fait des risques d'instabi­lité dus aux intersections avec les modes TE 21 et TE 11, il est nécessaire de limiter l'amplification.These traveling wave gyrotrons, of known type, when they operate in TE 01 mode, have their beam which can also interact with TE 21 and TE 11 modes, giving rise to waves propagating in the opposite direction of the beam; it is an operating regime which theoretically allows a high output power but with which, due to the risks of instability due to intersections with the TE 21 and TE 11 modes, it is necessary to limit the amplification.

La présente invention a pour but d'éviter ou, pour le moins, de limiter cet inconvénient.The object of the present invention is to avoid or, at the very least, to limit this drawback.

Ceci est obtenu, en particulier, en atténuant la propagation des modes indésirés.This is achieved, in particular, by mitigating the spread of unwanted modes.

Selon l'invention, un gyrotron à ondes progressives fonction­nant en mode TE01 et comportant un canon à électrons, un collec­teur, un guide d'ondes ayant une première et une seconde extrémité couplées respectivement au canon et au collecteur et un accès situé entre les deux extrémités du guide d'ondes et destiné à introduire une onde à amplifier dans le guide d'ondes, est caractérisé en ce que, entre l'accès et la seconde extrémité, le guide comporte un ensemble répétitif, périodique de corrugations transversales dont les dimensions sont telles qu'elles laissent passer le mode TE01 et modifient la propagation des modes indésirés de manière à éviter leur action sur le faisceau électronique du gyrotron.According to the invention, a traveling wave gyrotron operating in TE01 mode and comprising an electron gun, a collector, a waveguide having a first and a second end respectively coupled to the barrel and to the collector and an access located between the two ends of the waveguide and intended to introduce a wave to be amplified in the waveguide, is characterized in that, between the access and the second end, the guide comprises a repetitive, periodic set of transverse corrugations whose dimensions are such that they allow the TE01 mode to pass and modify the propagation of the unwanted modes so as to avoid their action on the electron beam of the gyrotron.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres carac­ téristiques apparaîtront à l'aide de la description ci-après et des figures s'y rapportant qui représentent :

  • - la figure 1, un schéma d'un gyrotron à ondes progressives de type connu ;
  • - la figure 2, un diagramme relatif au gyrotron selon la figure 1 ;
  • - les figures 3, 4, 5 et 6, des coupes de guides d'ondes destinés à des gyrotrons selon l'invention ;
  • - la figure 7, un diagramme relatif à un gyrotron selon l'inven­tion ;
  • - la figure 8, une vue partielle d'un gyrotron selon l'invention.
The present invention will be better understood and other charac teristics will appear with the aid of the description below and of the figures relating thereto which represent:
  • - Figure 1, a diagram of a traveling wave gyrotron of known type;
  • - Figure 2, a diagram relating to the gyrotron according to Figure 1;
  • - Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6, sections of waveguides intended for gyrotrons according to the invention;
  • - Figure 7, a diagram relating to a gyrotron according to the invention;
  • - Figure 8, a partial view of a gyrotron according to the invention.

Sur les différentes figures les éléments correspondants sont désignés par les mêmes repères.In the various figures, the corresponding elements are designated by the same references.

La structure du gyrotron à ondes progressives est illustrée sur la figure 1 qui représente la coupe d'un tube à vide à l'intérieur d'un solénoïde S qui excite un champ magnétique.The structure of the traveling wave gyrotron is illustrated in FIG. 1 which represents the section of a vacuum tube inside a solenoid S which excites a magnetic field.

Le canon à électrons 2 du type MIG (magnétron injection gun dans la littérature anglo-saxonne) comprend une cathode chaude 21 portée à un potentiel négatif de - 50 kV, entourée d'une anode 20 portée à un potentiel de - 40 kV qui extrait un faisceau électronique tubulaire dans lequel les électrons possèdent des trajectoires hélicoïdales telles que T1, T2, guidées par le champ magnétique ; le faisceau se déplace concentriquement à une structure tubulaire en guides d'ondes 1′.The electron gun 2 of the MIG type (magnetron injection gun in the English literature) comprises a hot cathode 21 brought to a negative potential of - 50 kV, surrounded by an anode 20 brought to a potential of - 40 kV which extracts a tubular electron beam in which the electrons have helical trajectories such as T1, T2, guided by the magnetic field; the beam moves concentrically to a tubular structure in waveguides 1 ′.

Ce faisceau traverse une partie rétrécie, 10, de la structure tubulaire 1′, puis un guide d'ondes à peu près cylindrique 11 compor­tant une région atténuée 7 et se terminant sur un cornet 3 suivi d'un collecteur 4 fermé par une fenêtre, 5, étanche au vide et transparente aux ondes de haute fréquence. Le long de la structure tubulaire, entre la partie rétrécie 10 et le guide 11, se trouve un circuit d'excitation 6 permettant à l'onde à amplifier, acheminée dans un guide d'ondes 60, d'exciter dans le guide 11 une onde qui sera amplifiée par le faisceau électronique et sortira par la fenêtre 5 vers un organe d'utilisation tel qu'une antenne de radar.This beam passes through a narrowed part 10 of the tubular structure 1 ′, then a roughly cylindrical wave guide 11 comprising a attenuated region 7 and ending on a horn 3 followed by a collector 4 closed by a window, 5, vacuum tight and transparent to high frequency waves. Along the tubular structure, between the narrowed part 10 and the guide 11, there is an excitation circuit 6 allowing the wave to be amplified, conveyed in a wave guide 60, to excite in the guide 11 a wave which will be amplified by the electron beam and will exit through window 5 to a user device such as a radar antenna.

Le faisceau électronique est caractérisé par son diamètre, son courant I, les vitesses longitudinale, u, et transversale, v, de ses électrons.The electron beam is characterized by its diameter, its current I, the longitudinal, u, and transverse, v, velocities of its electrons.

L'onde électromagnétique est caractérisée par la fréquence f, le mode de propagation, la vitesse de phase V, qui dépend du mode, de la fréquence et du diamètre du guide. Le nombre d'onde β = 2 f/V =ω/V est souvent utilisé de préférence à V.The electromagnetic wave is characterized by the frequency f, the propagation mode, the phase speed V, which depends on the mode, the frequency and the diameter of the guide. The wave number β = 2 f / V = ω / V is often used in preference to V.

La figure 2 est un diagramme de Brillouin qui illustre la variation de ω a/c en fonction de βa (où c est la vitesse de la lumière et où βa et ωa sont variables réduites pour β et ω, c'est-à-dire des variables sans dimensions) pour trois modes différents dont les lignes de champ sont schématisées à droite de la figure 2.Figure 2 is a Brillouin diagram which illustrates the variation of ω a / c as a function of βa (where c is the speed of light and where βa and ωa are reduced variables for β and ω, i.e. dimensionless variables) for three different modes, the field lines of which are shown diagrammatically on the right in Figure 2.

Le comportement du faisceau d'électrons est caractérisé par la fréquence de résonance cyclotonique fi, ou par ωi = 2πfi ; il est à noter que la fréquence de résonance cyclotonique est d'habitude indiquée fc mais, pour ne pas confondre avec la vitesse de la lumière, c, l'indice i a été préféré. Cette grandeur i est la vitesse angulaire qui caractérise les orbites des électrons dans le champ magnétique, c'est-à-dire les projections sur un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe des hélices.The behavior of the electron beam is characterized by the cyclotonic resonance frequency f i , or by ω i = 2πf i ; it should be noted that the cyclotonic resonance frequency is usually indicated fc but, so as not to be confused with the speed of light, c, the index i has been preferred. This quantity i is the angular velocity which characterizes the orbits of the electrons in the magnetic field, that is to say the projections on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the helices.

Elle est donnée par l'équation :

Figure imgb0001
où B est la valeur du champ magnétique, e la charge de l'electron, m la masse au repos de l'électron, le facteur relativiste égal numériquement à
Figure imgb0002
où c est la vitesse de la lumière, u la vitesse longitudinale des électrons et v la vitesse transversale des électrons.It is given by the equation:
Figure imgb0001
where B is the value of the magnetic field, e the charge of the electron, m the mass at rest of the electron, the relativistic factor numerically equal to
Figure imgb0002
where c is the speed of light, u the longitudinal speed of the electrons and v the transverse speed of the electrons.

La résonance ω′, c'est-à-dire l'amplification des mouvements transversaux des électrons sous l'effet du champ électrique de l'onde, se produit lorsque ωi/2π est égal à une fréquence voisine de la fréquence de l'onde vue par les électrons, c'est-à-dire, à cause de leur vitesse longitudinale u :
    ω′ = ω-βu
soit, avec ω′ = ωi
    ω =βu+ωi
The resonance ω ′, that is to say the amplification of the transverse movements of the electrons under the effect of the electric field of the wave, occurs when ω i / 2π is equal to a neighboring frequency the frequency of the wave seen by the electrons, that is to say, because of their longitudinal speed u:
ω ′ = ω-βu
either, with ω ′ = ωi
ω = βu + ωi

Sur le diagramme de la figure 2, les points qui correspondent à cette équation sont sur une droite, D, passant par l'axe vertical à l'ordonnée ωia/c et de pente u/c.On the diagram of figure 2, the points which correspond to this equation are on a straight line, D, passing by the vertical axis to the ordinate ω i a / c and of slope u / c.

Lorsque cette droite D coupe la courbe caractéristique d'un mode de propagation, il en résulte que le mécanisme de réso nance des électrons peut se produire avec l'onde correspondante et il en résulte la possibilité d'oscillations ou d'amplification autour du point d'intersection dans un système tel que celui de la figure 1.When this straight line D intersects the characteristic curve of a mode of propagation, it follows that the mechanism of resonance of the electrons can occur with the corresponding wave and this results in the possibility of oscillations or amplification around the point. intersection in a system like the one in figure 1.

Les modes possèdent différentes propriétés en ce qui concerne l'interaction. La droite D de la figure 2 est tangente en A à la courbe du mode TE01 et permet l'amplification dans une bande de fréquences autour de la fréquence correspondante au point A.Modes have different properties for interaction. The straight line D in FIG. 2 is tangent at A to the curve of the TE01 mode and allows amplification in a frequency band around the frequency corresponding to the point A.

Sur la figure 2 est représenté, en traits interrompus, une droite D′ ; cette droite D′, qui est tangente en A′ à la courbe du mode TE11, permet l'interaction avec la mode TE11 à une fréquence de résonance plus basse dans le même guide (fA/fA′≃2,08, rapport des "nombres propres" des modes) où à la même fréquence dans un guide 2,08 fois plus petit.In Figure 2 is shown in broken lines, a line D ′; this straight line D ′, which is tangent at A ′ to the curve of TE11 mode, allows interaction with TE11 mode at a lower resonant frequency in the same guide (fA / fA′≃2.08, ratio of " eigen numbers "of the modes) where at the same frequency in a guide 2.08 times smaller.

L'interaction avec le mode TE01 correspond donc à un guide de plus grande section qui permet aussi un courant électronique plus élevé que le mode TE11.Interaction with TE01 mode therefore corresponds to a larger section guide which also allows a higher electronic current than TE11 mode.

Il est à remarquer que le faisceau électronique correspondant à la droite D peut également interagir avec les modes TE21 et TE11 (points M et N) dans la région négative de βa, qui correspond à des ondes se propageant en sens inverse du faisceau électronique. Ces interactions parasites correspondent à des oscillations analogues à celles des carcinotrons ou "backward wave oscillators" bien connus.It should be noted that the electron beam corresponding to the straight line D can also interact with the TE21 and TE11 modes (points M and N) in the negative region of βa, which corresponds to waves propagating in opposite directions to the electron beam. These parasitic interactions correspond to oscillations analogous to those of the well-known backward wave oscillators or carcinotrons.

Le régime en A′ est stable et permet une amplification élevée à une puissance modérée.The regime at A ′ is stable and allows high amplification at moderate power.

Le régime en A permet une puissance élevée mais il est potentiellement instable ; l'amplification des tubes fonctionnant sur ce régime doit donc être limitée.The regime in A allows a high power but it is potentially unstable; the amplification of the tubes operating on this regime must therefore be limited.

Comme il va être vu, à l'aide des figures 3 à 8, il est possible d'augmenter la stabilité de gyrotrons fonctionnant sur le mode TE01, ou plus généralement sur un mode TEon.As will be seen, with the aid of FIGS. 3 to 8, it is possible to increase the stability of gyrotrons operating in the TE01 mode, or more generally in a TEon mode.

Pour cela il est proposé, en particulier, d'utiliser des guides dont la paroi interne est creusée d'ensembles répétitifs, périodiques de rainures ou fentes circonférentielles appelées corrugations ; ces corrugations seront principalement utiles dans la zone située entre l'accès du guide 60 et le collecteur 4. Les figures 3 et 4 montrent un tel guide, G, respectivement en coupe longitudinale et en coupe transversale. Dans un guide de ce type, lorsque la largeur, d, des fentes circonférentielles est sensiblement inférieure à une demi longueur d'onde à la fréquence de fonctionnement, les modes TEon, dont le champ magnétique est parallèle aux fentes comme indiqué par une flèche K sur la figure 4, ne pénètrent pas loin dans la région intérieure aux fentes, car ils sont atténués exponentiellement comme dans un guide d'ondes en-dessous de la fréquence de coupure. Tous les autres modes, qui possèdent une composante radiale et/ou longitudinale de champ électrique, pénètrent dans les corrugations.For this it is proposed, in particular, to use guides whose internal wall is hollowed out with repetitive, periodic sets of circumferential grooves or slots called corrugations; these corrugations will be mainly useful in the zone located between the access of the guide 60 and the collector 4. FIGS. 3 and 4 show such a guide, G, in longitudinal section and in transverse section, respectively. In a guide of this type, when the width, d, of the circumferential slots is substantially less than half a wavelength at the operating frequency, the TEon modes, the magnetic field of which is parallel to the slots as indicated by an arrow K in Figure 4, do not penetrate far into the region inside the slots, because they are attenuated exponentially as in a waveguide below the cutoff frequency. All the other modes, which have a radial and / or longitudinal component of electric field, penetrate the corrugations.

En disposant au fond des corrugations une substance absor­bante H, il y a donc possibilité d'atténuer très fortement la propaga­tion de tous les modes à l'exception des modes TEon dont la propa­gation dépend uniquement, en première approximation, du rayon intérieur, r, des corrugations. Mais les corrugations seules peuvent suffire dans certaines applications car elles assurent déjà une forte atténuation des modes indésirés.By having an absorbent substance H at the bottom of the corrugations, there is therefore the possibility of very greatly attenuating the propagation of all the modes except for the TEon modes whose propagation depends only, as a first approximation, on the internal radius, r, corrugations. However, corrugations alone may suffice in certain applications because they already ensure a strong attenuation of the undesired modes.

Les figures 5 et 6 montrent respectivement en coupe longitu­dinale et en coupe transversale, un autre guide d'ondes corrugé, 1. Le guide 1 des figures 5 et 6 est dessiné en traits interrompus de manière à mieux faire voir comment une substance absorbante, H, est placée au fond de ses corrugations. A l'aide d'une mortaiseuse quatre entailles longitudinales, à quatre vingt dix degrés l'une de l'autre, ont été effectuées dans la paroi externe du guide G puis quatre plaques allongées, H1 à H4, de substance absorbante, H, ont été disposées dans les entailles et chaque entaille a alors été refermée par un capot allongé, C1 à C4, de même matière que le reste du guide G et qui est soudé aux bords de l'entaille qu'il recouvre.FIGS. 5 and 6 show respectively in longitudinal section and in cross section, another corrugated waveguide, 1. The guide 1 of FIGS. 5 and 6 is drawn in broken lines so as to better show how an absorbent substance, H, is placed at the bottom of his corrugations. Using a mortiser four longitudinal notches, ninety degrees apart, were made in the outer wall of the guide G and then four elongated plates, H1 to H4, of absorbent substance, H, were arranged in the notches and each notch was then closed by an elongated cover, C1 to C4, of the same material as the rest of the guide G and which is welded to the edges of the notch which it covers.

La figure 7 est un diagramme de Brillouin d'un guide du type de ceux des figures 3 à 6 pour les courbes en traits pleins et, à titre de rappel, d'un guide du type lisse pour les courbes en trait discontinu ; l'une de ces courbes, celle pour le mode TE01 étant la même pour les deux types de guides a simplement été représentée en traits pleins. Cette figure montre que les courbes de dispersion des modes autres que TEom (en fait ici seulement TE01, mais ce serait la même chose pour n entier supérieur à 1) sont fortement modifiées par les corrugations avec substance absorbante et que ceci permet de repousser en M′ la région d'interac tion parasite M et de supprimer l'interaction N. Cette modification qui vient en plus de l'atténuation des modes indésirés, c'est-à-­dire des modes autres que TEom, est donc également favorable au bon fonctionnement du gyrotron.FIG. 7 is a Brillouin diagram of a guide of the type of those of FIGS. 3 to 6 for the curves in solid lines and, as a reminder, of a guide of the smooth type for the curves in broken line; one of these curves, that for the TE01 mode being the same for the two types of guides, has simply been shown in solid lines. This figure shows that the dispersion curves of the modes other than TEom (in fact here only TE01, but it would be the same for n integer greater than 1) are strongly modified by the corrugations with absorbent substance and that this makes it possible to push back into M ′ The parasitic interaction region M and to suppress the interaction N. This modification which comes in addition to the attenuation of the undesired modes, that is to say modes other than TEom, is therefore also favorable to the good operation of the gyrotron.

La figure 8 est une vue partielle d'un gyrotron à ondes progres­sives dont la structure tubulaire en guides d'ondes, 1, est du même type que celle, 1′, du gyrotron selon la figure 1 mais comporte, en plus, des ensembles répétitifs, périodiques de corrugations avec substance absorbante, comme les guides G selon les figures 3 à 6 ; dans l'exemple décrit la substance est de l'oxyde de magné­sium. Sur cette figure ont été représentés : un canon à électrons, 2, et la structure tubulaire, 1, depuis une partie rétrécie, 10, qui fait suite au canon 2, jusqu'à environ le milieu d'un guide d'ondes à peu près cylindrique, 11 ; le guide 11, comme dans le cas de la figure 1, est prolongé par un cornet suivi d'un collecteur fermée par une fenêtre, ces trois derniers éléments n'ont pas été représentés sur la figure 8. La figure 8 montre également une partie d'un guide d'ondes 60 destiné, comme le guide 60 de la figure 1, à acheminer l'onde à amplifier par le faisceau électroni­que.Figure 8 is a partial view of a traveling wave gyrotron whose tubular structure in waveguides, 1, is of the same type as that, 1 ′, of the gyrotron according to Figure 1 but also comprises assemblies repetitive, periodic corrugations with absorbent substance, such as guides G according to FIGS. 3 to 6; in the example described the substance is magnesium oxide. In this figure have been represented: an electron gun, 2, and the tubular structure, 1, from a narrowed part, 10, which follows the gun 2, to about the middle of a waveguide near cylindrical, 11; the guide 11, as in the case of FIG. 1, is extended by a horn followed by a collector closed by a window, these last three elements have not been shown in FIG. 8. FIG. 8 also shows part of a waveguide 60 intended, like the guide 60 of FIG. 1, to convey the wave to be amplified by the electron beam.

Il est à noter que, dans le gyrotron partiellement représenté sur la figure 8, les corrugations de la structure tubulaire 1 vont pratiquement du canon à électrons 2 jusqu'aux trois quarts de la longueur du guide, avec une interruption au niveau de la portion de la partie rétrécie 10 où débouche le guide 60. Une telle réparti­tion des corrugations s'est avérée largement suffisante pour atteindre les performances qui étaient recherchées. Il est entendu que, dans d'autres applications, en fonction des performances recher­chées, les corruguations devront être présentes sur une plus grande portion de la structure tubulaire ou pourront n'être présentes que sur une plus petite portion de cette structure tubulaire.It should be noted that, in the gyrotron partially represented in FIG. 8, the corrugations of the tubular structure 1 range practically from the electron gun 2 up to three quarters of the length of the guide, with an interruption at the level of the portion of the narrowed portion 10 where the guide 60 opens out. Such a distribution of the corrugations has proved to be largely sufficient to achieve the performances which were sought. It is understood that, in other applications, depending on the desired performance, the corrugations must be present on a larger portion of the tubular structure or may be present only on a smaller portion of this tubular structure.

Il est à remarquer, sur la figure 8, que les corrugations de l'ensemble situé entre le canon 2 l'accès du guide 60 sont plus grandes que celles de l'ensemble situé de l'autre côté de cet accès ; c'est que les corrugations doivent être suffisamment petites dans le guide 11 pour éviter que le mode TE01 puisse y pénétrer et être atténué ; par contre, entre le canon et l'accès du guide 60, là où, dans la structure 1, l'onde acheminée par le guide 60 n'a pas lieu de se propager, le mode TE01 peut lui aussi être atténué.It should be noted, in FIG. 8, that the corrugations of the assembly located between the barrel 2 the access of the guide 60 are greater than those of the assembly situated on the other side of this access; it is that the corrugations must be sufficiently small in the guide 11 to avoid that the mode TE01 can penetrate there and be attenuated; on the other hand, between the barrel and the access of the guide 60, where, in the structure 1, the wave conveyed by the guide 60 does not need to propagate, the TE01 mode can also be attenuated.

Claims (2)

1. Gyrotron à ondes progressives fonctionnant en mode TE01 et comportant un canon à l'électrons (2), un collecteur (4), un guide d'ondes (1) ayant une première et une seconde extrémité couplées respectivement au canon et au collecteur et un accès situé entre les deux extrémités du guide d'ondes et destiné à introduire une onde à amplifier dans le guide d'ondes, caractérisé en ce que, entre l'accès et la seconde extrémité, le guide comporte un ensemble répétitif, périodique de corrugations transversales dont les dimensions sont telles qu'elles laissent passer le mode TE01 et modifient la propagation des modes indésirés (Fig.7) de manière à éviter leur action sur le faisceau électronique du gyrotron.1. Traveling wave gyrotron operating in TE01 mode and comprising an electron gun (2), a collector (4), a waveguide (1) having a first and a second end coupled respectively to the gun and to the collector and an access located between the two ends of the waveguide and intended to introduce a wave to be amplified in the waveguide, characterized in that, between the access and the second end, the guide comprises a repetitive, periodic assembly transverse corrugations whose dimensions are such that they allow the TE01 mode to pass and modify the propagation of the unwanted modes (Fig. 7) so as to avoid their action on the electron beam of the gyrotron. 2. Gyrotron selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'une substance absorbante (H ; H1-H4) est placée dans les corruga­tions.2. Gyrotron according to claim 1, characterized in that an absorbent substance (H; H1-H4) is placed in the corrugations.
EP88401730A 1987-07-17 1988-07-04 Gyro-TWT protected against unwanted modes Withdrawn EP0301929A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8710126 1987-07-17
FR8710126A FR2618252A1 (en) 1987-07-17 1987-07-17 GYROTRON WITH PROGRESSIVE WAVES PROTECTS AGAINST INDESOR MODES.

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0438738A1 (en) * 1990-01-15 1991-07-31 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Quasi optical component for microwave radiation
EP0627757A2 (en) * 1993-06-01 1994-12-07 Communications & Power Industries, Inc. High frequency vacuum tube with closely spaced cathode and non-emissive grid

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2092832A (en) * 1981-02-05 1982-08-18 Varian Associates Mode suppression means for gyrotron cavities
US4494039A (en) * 1982-10-19 1985-01-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Gyrotron traveling-wave device including quarter wavelength anti-reflective dielectric layer to enhance microwave absorption

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2092832A (en) * 1981-02-05 1982-08-18 Varian Associates Mode suppression means for gyrotron cavities
US4494039A (en) * 1982-10-19 1985-01-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Gyrotron traveling-wave device including quarter wavelength anti-reflective dielectric layer to enhance microwave absorption

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING, Washington, DC, 7-9 décembre 1981, pages 182-185, IEEE, New York, US; H.R. JORY: "Gyro-device developments and applications" *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0438738A1 (en) * 1990-01-15 1991-07-31 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Quasi optical component for microwave radiation
US5187408A (en) * 1990-01-15 1993-02-16 Asea Brown Boveri Ltd. Quasi-optical component and gyrotron having undesired microwave radiation absorbing means
EP0627757A2 (en) * 1993-06-01 1994-12-07 Communications & Power Industries, Inc. High frequency vacuum tube with closely spaced cathode and non-emissive grid
EP0627757A3 (en) * 1993-06-01 1995-02-01 Varian Associates High frequency vacuum tube with closely spaced cathode and non-emissive grid.

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