EP0299014A1 - Process and device for trimming grinding wheels - Google Patents

Process and device for trimming grinding wheels

Info

Publication number
EP0299014A1
EP0299014A1 EP88900763A EP88900763A EP0299014A1 EP 0299014 A1 EP0299014 A1 EP 0299014A1 EP 88900763 A EP88900763 A EP 88900763A EP 88900763 A EP88900763 A EP 88900763A EP 0299014 A1 EP0299014 A1 EP 0299014A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axis
grinding
wheel
dressing
workpiece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88900763A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Werner Waelti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Tschudin
Original Assignee
Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Tschudin
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Tschudin filed Critical Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Tschudin
Publication of EP0299014A1 publication Critical patent/EP0299014A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
    • B24B53/04—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of cylindrical or conical surfaces on abrasive tools or wheels
    • B24B53/053—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of cylindrical or conical surfaces on abrasive tools or wheels using a rotary dressing tool

Definitions

  • the present invention relates, on the one hand, to a method for dressing grinding wheels, advantageously by means of a diamond dressing wheel, on grinding machines, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the invention relates to a device for carrying out the method.
  • the grinding process or processes are carried out on a grinding machine, in which the workpiece to be ground is on a rotary table located on the longitudinal slide between the headstock and tailstock is spanned.
  • the longitudinal slide is displaceable on the longitudinal axis (Z-axis) of the grinding machine 'and the rotary table can be additionally compared to the longitudinal slide about a vertical axis (B-axis) machine twist the Schleifma ⁇ , such that the at the at by The headstock and the tailstock-defined axis (C-axis) clamped and rotatable workpiece can be positioned three-dimensionally relative to the grinding wheel which can be rotated about its axis of rotation (A-axis) and displaceable on a further axis (X-axis).
  • the dressing wheel for the grinding wheel is mounted on the turntable in such a way that it can advantageously be rotated about the aforementioned C axis, about which the workpiece to be ground rotates. Since the C-axis can be rotated out of the longitudinal axis (Z-axis) of the grinding machine by rotating the movable slide and thus the C-axis about said B-axis, the grinding line between the grinding wheel and the dressing wheel can be positioned anywhere in the room.
  • the grinding wheel / workpiece cannot be calculated, or at least not directly in every case, and the grinding machine must be reset to zero after each dressing process in order to precisely determine the new position of the grinding wheel / workpiece grinding line.
  • the position of the dressing wheel which usually remains mounted on the rotary slide during the grinding of a workpiece, is changed by each rotation of the rotary slide, or. also twisted by zeroing the C axis with respect to the grinding wheel, which requires a new zeroing of the dressing wheel before each dressing operation.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus by means of which these disadvantages can be eliminated and which allow a more rational grinding of workpieces and dressing of grinding wheels than was previously the case.
  • an increase in grinding precision and quality should also be achieved thanks to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the arrangement of the various components of a conventional grinding machine with workpiece, grinding wheel and dressing wheel, and their relative positional relationships, from above,
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the arrangement of the same components of a grinding machine which is equipped with a device according to the invention, with their relative positional relationships, from above, 3 details of the dressing wheel and its receiving device in partial section and
  • FIG. 1 a longitudinal slide 1 which can be displaced along the longitudinal axis, the so-called Z-axis of the grinding machine, in the direction of the double arrow z and which carries a turntable 2 which, with respect to the longitudinal slide 1, about the vertical axis the grinding machine, the so-called B-axis can be rotated in the direction of the double arrow b.
  • the rotary table 2 is shown laterally offset in relation to the longitudinal slide 1 in the drawing. In fact, the two points through which the B axis passes are located vertically one above the other.
  • a turntable 3 and a tailstock 4 are generally mounted on the turntable 2 and define the so-called C-axis of the grinding machine between their counter tips 5 and 6, around which a workpiece 7 clamped between the counter tips 5 and 6 Direction of the double arrow c can be rotated.
  • a dressing wheel 8 with a drive unit 9 mounted on the turntable 2 can also be seen. The latter serves to rotate a so-called A-axis of the grinding machine in the direction of the double arrow a and on the so-called X-axis in the direction of the Double arrow x sliding grinding wheel 10 at regular intervals during the grinding of the workpiece 7 to guarantee the desired grinding quality over the longest possible time.
  • This dressing of the grinding wheel is of the greatest importance, in particular in the case of profiled grinding wheels, in order to change the profile surface of the grinding wheel as a result of wear and the resulting imprecise grinding shapes of the workpiece avoid.
  • a grinding line SL 1 is defined between the grinding wheel 10 and the workpiece 7 to be ground, on which workpiece 7 and grinding wheel 10 come into contact with one another during the grinding process.
  • it is absolutely necessary to determine the exact spatial position of this grinding line SL 1 with respect to the C-axis and with respect to the A-axis, respectively. to know the grinding wheel starting line 10 '.
  • It is also essential to know the position of the axis of rotation of the workpiece, that is to say the C axis with respect to the longitudinal axis, that is to say the Z axis and with respect to the grinding wheel circumference line 10 f , in order to be able to correctly program the grinding process.
  • the corresponding values can be determined automatically by means of electronic measuring devices and built into the grinding program. It is known that on grinding machines such as the one described above, by moving the turntable 2 or. of the longitudinal slide 1 carrying this, along the double arrow z and simultaneous displacement of the grinding wheel 10 along the double arrow x and optionally by rotating the C axis relative to the Z axis, a large number of workpiece shapes can be ground.
  • FIG. 2 shows a comparable grinding machine, which differs from that in FIG. 1 in that the dressing wheel 8 is not fastened on the rotary table 2, but is fixedly connected to the longitudinal slide 1 by means of a device according to the invention.
  • the device according to the invention is essentially a drive 11 and a receptacle 13 (FIG. 3) for the dressing wheel 12, which drive 11 defines an axis of rotation C around which the dressing wheel 12 in the direction of the double arrow c ' is rotatable. Furthermore, this drive defines a perpendicular axis B 'parallel to the B axis, about which said C f axis can be pivoted.
  • the circumferential line of the dressing wheel 12 remains defined at any time after a single zeroing thereof, regardless of any displacements of the C axis of the workpiece 7 and the grinding line SL 1 between the workpiece 7 and the grinding wheel 10. Thanks to this arrangement of the dressing wheel 12 and its positioning by means of the drive 11, it is possible at any time during a grinding process to pull the grinding wheel 10 away from the workpiece 7 and, after the longitudinal slide 1 has been displaced along the Z axis, to the known distance from the A-oh se, resp. the peripheral line 10 'of the grinding wheel dressing wheel, respectively. of the circumferential line or the grinding line SL 2 without a calibration process being necessary.
  • the grinding wheel 10 can be carried out after the dressing process also again automatically and without calibration operation to the workpiece 7, respectively.
  • the grinding line SL 1 can be brought up to continue the grinding process.
  • a simple zeroing with respect to the new workpiece is sufficient, since the spatial position of the circumferential line of the dressing wheel 12 remains unchanged due to the clamping of a new workpiece. remained continuously defined.
  • the dressing wheel 12 is mounted on a cone 14 in the context of the invention. Furthermore, one can see the double bearing of the spindle 15 having the cone 14, which is mounted on the one hand in its front part in a first spindle bearing 16 and in its rear part in a second spindle bearing 17.
  • the conical clamping of the dressing wheel 12 on the spindle 15 and the double bearing of the latter mean that, according to the invention, the dressing wheel 12 is guided much more precisely and stably than conventional dressing wheels 8, which increases the precision of dressing the grinding wheel ben enables.
  • the spindle 15 is also driven by a worm gear 18, which can be done in both directions of the double arrow c '(FIG.
  • 4 and 5 illustrate dressing examples which cannot be realized with any conventional dressing method or device, since there is no third, controllably movable and adjustable axis. Due to the motor drive of the B'-axis of the device according to the invention, the dressing wheel 12 can execute NC-controlled pivoting movements about this axis in such a way that a 3-dimensional dressing of grinding wheels 10 is possible. 4 illustrates this on the one hand on a grinding wheel 10 with an outside radius of 180 °, which can be dressed in such a way that the dressing wheel 12 is at any time perpendicular to the grinding wheel surface or circumferential line 10 '.
  • a grinding wheel 10 drawn back on both sides can also be dressed with the device according to the invention, as can be seen from FIG. 5.
  • the present invention has significant advantages over the previous dressing methods for grinding wheels, since the zeroing of the C axis no longer influences the positioning of the dressing wheel.
  • the very precise and stable guidance of the dressing wheel 12 enables the dressing quality to be increased without this affecting the dressing speed.
  • the fact that a new zeroing of the C-axis after each dressing process and a practical determination of the position of the grinding line SL 2 between the dressing wheel and the grinding wheel before each dressing process are superfluous thanks to the invention brings about a considerable acceleration of the work the grinding machine. It is also advantageous that practically every modern NC-controlled grinding machine can be converted and reprogrammed in such a way that the method according to the invention can be used on it.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)

Abstract

Dans le but de supprimer la nécessité de définir préalablement la ligne de meulage (SL 2) entre la roue de taillage (12) et la meule (10) ainsi que de remettre à zéro l'axe des C après chaque opération de taillage, une roue de taillage (12) entraînée séparément (11) est montée directement sur le chariot longitudinal (19) au lieu de la table rotative (2) de la meuleuse. Ladite ligne de meulage n'est ainsi pas déplaçée lors de la remise à zéro de l'axe des C et est maintenue en permanence dans une position définie par rapport à l'axe longitudinal (axe des Z) et à l'axe des B, qui lui est perpendiculaire, de la meuleuse. Afin d'accroître la qualité et la précision du taillage, on utilise une roue de taillage (12) qui se monte, par l'intermédiare d'un siège conique, sur une broche munie de deux paliers.In order to eliminate the need to previously define the grinding line (SL 2) between the cutting wheel (12) and the grinding wheel (10) as well as to reset the C-axis after each cutting operation, a separately driven hob wheel (12) (11) is mounted directly on the longitudinal carriage (19) instead of the rotary table (2) of the grinder. Said grinding line is thus not moved when the C-axis is reset and is permanently maintained in a defined position with respect to the longitudinal axis (Z-axis) and the B-axis. , which is perpendicular to it, of the grinder. In order to increase the quality and precision of the cutting, a cutting wheel (12) is used which is mounted, via a conical seat, on a spindle provided with two bearings.

Description

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUM ABRICHTEN VON SCHLEIFSCHEIBEN METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRESSING GRINDING WHEELS
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einerseits ein Verfahren zum Abrichten von Schlei scheiben, vorteilhafterweise mit¬ tels Diamantabrichtrad, auf Schleifmaschinen, gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1. Andererseits betrifft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfah¬ rens.The present invention relates, on the one hand, to a method for dressing grinding wheels, advantageously by means of a diamond dressing wheel, on grinding machines, according to the preamble of patent claim 1. On the other hand, the invention relates to a device for carrying out the method.
Herkömmlicherweise wird in der Mechanik, insbesondere der Präzisionsmechanik, wo massgenaue Werkstücke mit fein ge¬ schliffenen Oberflächen verlangt werden, der oder die Schleifvorgänge auf einer Schleifmaschine vorgenommen, bei der das zu schleifende Werkstück auf einem auf dem Längs¬ schlitten befindlichen Drehtisch zwischen Spindelstock und Reitstock aufgespannt ist. Der Längsschlitten ist auf der Längsachse (Z-Achse) der Schleifmaschine verschiebbar' und der Drehtisch lässt sich zusätzlich gegenüber dem Längs¬ schlitten um eine senkrechte Achse (B-Achse) der Schleifma¬ schine verdrehen, derart, dass das sich auf der durch den Spindelstock und den Reitstock definierten Achse (C-Achse) eingespannte und drehbare Werkstück gegenüber der um ihre Drehachse (A-Achse) drehbaren und auf einer weiteren Achse (X-Achse) verschiebbaren Schleifscheibe dreidimensional po¬ sitionierbar ist. Herkömmlicherweise wird auf einer solchen Schleifmaschine, die vorteilhafterweise NC-gesteuert ist, das Abrichtrad für die Schleifscheibe auf den Drehtisch mon¬ tiert, derart, dass es vorteilhafterweise um die vorerwähnte C-Achse, um die das zu schleifende Werkstück dreht, gedreht werden kann. Da die C-Achse durch eine Verdrehung des beweg¬ lichen Schlittens und somit der C-Achse um die besagte B- Achse aus der Längsachse (Z-Achse) der Schleifmaschine her¬ aus verdrehbar ist, kann die Schleiflinie zwischen Schleif¬ scheibe und Abrichtrad im Raum beliebig positioniert werden. Dies kann vorteilhaft sein, beinhaltet aber den Nachteil, dass die relative Lagebeziehung zwischen der vorerwähnten Schleiflinie Schleifscheibe/Abrichtrad und der Schleiflinie Schleifscheibe/Werkstück nicht oder zumindest nicht in jedem Fall direkt berechenbar ist und nach jedem Abrichtvorgang die Schleifmaschine neu auf Null gesetzt werden muss, um die neue Lage der Schleifline Schleifscheibe/Werkstück genau zu ermitteln. Zudem wird die Lage des Abrichtrades, das übli¬ cherweise während dem Schleifen eines Werkstückes auf dem Drehschlitten montiert bleibt, durch jedes Verdrehen des Drehschlittens, resp. auch durch das Nullen der C-Achse, be¬ züglich der Schleifscheibe verdreht, was vor jedem Abricht¬ vorgang ein neuerliches Nullen des Abrichtrades bedingt.Conventionally, in mechanics, in particular precision mechanics, where dimensionally precise workpieces with finely ground surfaces are required, the grinding process or processes are carried out on a grinding machine, in which the workpiece to be ground is on a rotary table located on the longitudinal slide between the headstock and tailstock is spanned. The longitudinal slide is displaceable on the longitudinal axis (Z-axis) of the grinding machine 'and the rotary table can be additionally compared to the longitudinal slide about a vertical axis (B-axis) machine twist the Schleifma¬, such that the at the at by The headstock and the tailstock-defined axis (C-axis) clamped and rotatable workpiece can be positioned three-dimensionally relative to the grinding wheel which can be rotated about its axis of rotation (A-axis) and displaceable on a further axis (X-axis). Conventionally, on such a grinding machine, which is advantageously NC-controlled, the dressing wheel for the grinding wheel is mounted on the turntable in such a way that it can advantageously be rotated about the aforementioned C axis, about which the workpiece to be ground rotates. Since the C-axis can be rotated out of the longitudinal axis (Z-axis) of the grinding machine by rotating the movable slide and thus the C-axis about said B-axis, the grinding line between the grinding wheel and the dressing wheel can be positioned anywhere in the room. This can be advantageous, but includes the disadvantage that the relative positional relationship between the grinding wheel / dressing wheel mentioned above and the grinding line The grinding wheel / workpiece cannot be calculated, or at least not directly in every case, and the grinding machine must be reset to zero after each dressing process in order to precisely determine the new position of the grinding wheel / workpiece grinding line. In addition, the position of the dressing wheel, which usually remains mounted on the rotary slide during the grinding of a workpiece, is changed by each rotation of the rotary slide, or. also twisted by zeroing the C axis with respect to the grinding wheel, which requires a new zeroing of the dressing wheel before each dressing operation.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, mittels welchen diese Nachteile eliminiert werden können und die ein ratio¬ nelleres Schleifen von Werkstücken und Abrichten von Schlei scheiben ermöglichen als bisher üblich. Zudem soll dank der Erfindung auch eine Erhöung der SchleifPräzision und -qualität erreicht werden.The present invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus by means of which these disadvantages can be eliminated and which allow a more rational grinding of workpieces and dressing of grinding wheels than was previously the case. In addition, an increase in grinding precision and quality should also be achieved thanks to the invention.
Erfindungsge äss wird diese Aufgabe einerseits durch ein Verfahren erreicht, wie es im Patentanspruch 1 definiert ist. Andererseits durch eine Vorrichtung gemäss dem Patent¬ anspruch 3 -This task is achieved on the one hand by a method as defined in claim 1. On the other hand, by a device according to claim 3 -
Im Folgenden wird sowohl das erf ndungsgemässe Verfahren als auch die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung anhand der Zeichnung näher beschrieben. In letzterer zeigtBoth the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the drawing. In the latter shows
Fig. 1 schematisch die Anordnung der diversen Komponenten einer herkömmlichen Schleifmaschine mit Werkstück, Schleif¬ scheibe und Abrichtrad, sowie deren relative Lagebeziehun¬ gen, von oben,1 schematically shows the arrangement of the various components of a conventional grinding machine with workpiece, grinding wheel and dressing wheel, and their relative positional relationships, from above,
Fig. 2 schematisch die Anordnung der gleichen Komponenten einer Schleifmaschine die mit einer erfindungsgemässen Vor¬ richtung bestückt ist, mit ihren relativen Lagebeziehungen, von oben, Fig. 3 Details des Abrichtrades und seiner Aufnahmevorrich¬ tung im teilweisen Schnitt und2 schematically shows the arrangement of the same components of a grinding machine which is equipped with a device according to the invention, with their relative positional relationships, from above, 3 details of the dressing wheel and its receiving device in partial section and
Fig. 4 und 5 Schleifrad-Abrichtbeispiele, wie sie mit her¬ kömmlichen Vorrichtungen nicht, dank der Erfindung aber pro¬ blemlos realisierbar sind.4 and 5 grinding wheel dressing examples, as they are not possible with conventional devices, but can be implemented without problems thanks to the invention.
Der Fachmann erkennt in Fig. 1 einen Längsschlitten 1, der entlang der Längsachse, der sogenannten Z-Achse der Schleif¬ maschine, in Richtung des Doppelpfeiles z verschiebbar ist und einen Drehtisch 2 trägt, der bezüglich des Längsschlit¬ tens 1 um die senkrechte Achse der Schleifmaschine, die so¬ genannte B-Achse in Richtung des Doppelpfeiles b verdrehbar ist. Aus Uebersichtlichkeitsgründen und um die einzelnen Achsen der Schleifmaschine einzeln darstellen zu können, ist in der Zeichnung der Drehtisch 2 gegenüber dem Längsschlit¬ ten 1 seitlich versetzt dargestellt. In Tat und Wahrheit be¬ finden sich die beiden Punkte, durch die die B-Achse hin¬ durchtritt, senkrecht übereinander. Auf dem Drehtisch 2 sind in der Regel ein Spindelstock 3 und ein Reitstock 4 mon¬ tiert, die zwischen ihren Gegenspitzen 5 und 6 die sogenann¬ te C-Achse der Schleifmaschine definieren, um welche ein zwischen den Gegenspitzen 5 und 6 aufgespanntes Werkstück 7 in Richtung des Doppelpfeiles c gedreht werden kann. Weiter erkennt man ein auf dem Drehtisch 2 montiertes Abrichtrad 8 mit Antriebseinheit 9- Letzteres dient dazu, eine um die so¬ genannte A-Achse der Schleifmaschine in Richtung des Doppel¬ pfeiles a drehbare und auf der sogenannten X-Achse in Rich¬ tung des Doppelpfeiles x verschiebbare Schleifscheibe 10 in regelmässigen Abständen während dem Schleifen des Werkstüc¬ kes 7 abzuziehen, um die gewünschte Schleifqualität über möglichst lange Zeit zu garantieren. Dieses Abrichten der Schleifscheibe ist insbesondere bei profilierten Schleif¬ scheiben von grösster Wichtigkeit um eine Veränderung durch Abnützung veränderte Profiloberfläche der Schleifscheibe und dadurch bedingte unpräzise Schleifformen des Werkstückes zu vermeiden.The person skilled in the art recognizes in FIG. 1 a longitudinal slide 1 which can be displaced along the longitudinal axis, the so-called Z-axis of the grinding machine, in the direction of the double arrow z and which carries a turntable 2 which, with respect to the longitudinal slide 1, about the vertical axis the grinding machine, the so-called B-axis can be rotated in the direction of the double arrow b. For reasons of clarity and in order to be able to represent the individual axes of the grinding machine individually, the rotary table 2 is shown laterally offset in relation to the longitudinal slide 1 in the drawing. In fact, the two points through which the B axis passes are located vertically one above the other. A turntable 3 and a tailstock 4 are generally mounted on the turntable 2 and define the so-called C-axis of the grinding machine between their counter tips 5 and 6, around which a workpiece 7 clamped between the counter tips 5 and 6 Direction of the double arrow c can be rotated. A dressing wheel 8 with a drive unit 9 mounted on the turntable 2 can also be seen. The latter serves to rotate a so-called A-axis of the grinding machine in the direction of the double arrow a and on the so-called X-axis in the direction of the Double arrow x sliding grinding wheel 10 at regular intervals during the grinding of the workpiece 7 to guarantee the desired grinding quality over the longest possible time. This dressing of the grinding wheel is of the greatest importance, in particular in the case of profiled grinding wheels, in order to change the profile surface of the grinding wheel as a result of wear and the resulting imprecise grinding shapes of the workpiece avoid.
Zwischen der Schleifscheibe 10 und dem zu schleifenden Werkstück 7 wird eine Schleiflinie SL 1 definiert, auf wel¬ cher Werkstück 7 und Schleifscheibe 10 während des Schelif- vorganges miteinander in Kontakt kommen. Um ein präzise auf Mass geschliffenes Werkstück 7 garantieren zu können, ist es absolut notwendig, die genaue räumliche Lage dieser Schleif¬ line SL 1 bezüglich der C-Achse und bezüglich der A-Achse, resp. der Schleifscheibenu fangslinie 10' zu kennen. Ebenso ist es umumgänglich, die Lage der Drehachse des Werkstückes, also der C-Achse bezüglich der Längsachse, also der Z-Achse und bezüglich der Schleifscheibenumfangslinie 10f zu kennen, um den Schleifvorgang richtig programmieren zu können. Auf NC-gesteuerten Schleifmaschinen können die entsprechenden -Werte automatisch mittels elektronischen Messgeräten ermit¬ telt und in das Schleif rogramm eingebaut werden. Es ist be¬ kannt, dass auf Schleifmaschinen wie der hiervor beschriebe¬ nen mittels Verschiebung des Drehtisches 2, resp. des diesen tragenden Längsschlittens 1, entlang des Doppelpfeiles z und gleichzeitiger Verschiebung der Schleifscheibe 10 entlang des Doppelpfeiles x und gegebenenfalls durch Verdrehen der C-Achse gegenüber der Z-Achse eine Vielzahl von Werkstück¬ formen geschliffen werden können.A grinding line SL 1 is defined between the grinding wheel 10 and the workpiece 7 to be ground, on which workpiece 7 and grinding wheel 10 come into contact with one another during the grinding process. In order to be able to guarantee a precisely ground workpiece 7, it is absolutely necessary to determine the exact spatial position of this grinding line SL 1 with respect to the C-axis and with respect to the A-axis, respectively. to know the grinding wheel starting line 10 '. It is also essential to know the position of the axis of rotation of the workpiece, that is to say the C axis with respect to the longitudinal axis, that is to say the Z axis and with respect to the grinding wheel circumference line 10 f , in order to be able to correctly program the grinding process. On NC-controlled grinding machines, the corresponding values can be determined automatically by means of electronic measuring devices and built into the grinding program. It is known that on grinding machines such as the one described above, by moving the turntable 2 or. of the longitudinal slide 1 carrying this, along the double arrow z and simultaneous displacement of the grinding wheel 10 along the double arrow x and optionally by rotating the C axis relative to the Z axis, a large number of workpiece shapes can be ground.
Insbesondere in Fällen, wo die Drehachse des Werkstückes 7, also die C-Achse gegenüber der Längsachse des Längsschlit¬ tens 1, also gegenüber der Z-Achse verdreht ist, entstehen Schwierigkeiten beim Abrichten der Schleifscheibe 10 mittels des Abrichtrades 8 da die durch dessen Umfangslinie defi¬ nierte Schleiflinie SL 2 sich bezüglich der Umfangslinie 10 der Schleifscheibe 10 je nach Lage des Drehtisches 2 ver¬ schiebt. Dies führt in der Regel dazu, dass selbst bei NC- gesteuerten Schleifmaschinen vor und nach jedem Abrichtvor¬ gang die Schleifmaschine neu genullt werden muss, um sicher¬ zustellen, dass die genauen räumlichen Lagen der beiden Schleiflinien SL 1 und SL 2 bekannt sind." Dieses zweimalige Nullen der Schleifmaschine ist umständlich und zeitaufwendig und kann sich zudem auf die Qualität und Präzision des Schleifvorganges als solchem negativ auswirken.Particularly in cases where the axis of rotation of the workpiece 7, that is to say the C axis, is rotated with respect to the longitudinal axis of the longitudinal slide 1, that is to say with respect to the Z axis, difficulties arise in dressing the grinding wheel 10 by means of the dressing wheel 8 because of the circumferential line thereof Defi ¬ ned grinding line SL 2 moves with respect to the circumferential line 10 of the grinding wheel 10 depending on the position of the turntable 2. As a rule, this means that even with NC-controlled grinding machines, the grinding machine has to be reset to zero before and after each dressing operation in order to ensure that the exact spatial positions of the two grinding lines SL 1 and SL 2 are known. " This two time Zeroing the grinding machine is cumbersome and time-consuming and can also have a negative impact on the quality and precision of the grinding process as such.
In Fig. 2 ist eine vergleichbare Schleifmaschine darge¬ stellt, die sich dadurch von jener in Fig. 1 unterscheidet, dass das Abrichtrad 8 nicht auf dem Drehtisch 2 befestigt ist, sondern mittels einer erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung fest mit dem Längsschlitten 1 verbunden ist. Bei der erfin- dungsgemässen Vorrichtung handelt es sich im wesentlichen um einen Antrieb 11 und eine Aufnahme 13 (Fig. 3) für des Ab^ richtrad 12, welcher Antrieb 11 eine Drehachse C definiert, um welche das Abrichtrad 12 in Richtung des Doppelpfeiles c' drehbar ist. Ferner definiert dieser Antrieb eine zur B-Ach¬ se parallele senkrecht Ache B', um welche die besagte Cf- Achse schwenkbar ist. Wenn in einer definierten Drehlage der Achse B' die Schleiflinie SL 2 zwischen Abrichtrad 12 und Schleifscheibe 10, resp. die räumliche Orientierung der Um¬ fangslinie des Abrichtrades 12 bezüglich der Z-Achse vor ei¬ nem SchleifVorgang definiert worden ist, bleibt sie unabhän¬ gig von der Verschwenkung der C-Achse oder der Verschiebung des Drehtisches 2 bezüglich dem Längsschlitten 1 unverändert und verschiebt sich lediglich parallel zum Längsschlitten 1 und der Z-Achse. Zudem ist es einfach, ihre neue Lage zu be¬ rechnen, wenn die C-Achse um die B'-Achse verdreht wird, da die Lage der B'-Achse bezüglich der B-Achse immer identisch bleibt und bekannt ist. Dies bedeutet, dass die Lage der Schleiflinie SL 2, resp. der Umfangslinie des Abrichtrades 12 jederzeit nach einem einmaligen Nullen derselben unabhän¬ gig von beliebigen Verschiebungen der C-Achse des Werkstüc¬ kes 7 und der Schleiflinie SL 1 zwischen Werkstück 7 und Schleifscheibe 10 definiert bleibt. Dank dieser Anordnung des Abrichtrades 12 und dessen Positionierung mittels des Antriebes 11 ist es jederzeit während eines SchleifVorganges möglich, die Schleifscheibe 10 vom Werkstück 7 zurückzuzie¬ hen und nach einem Verschieben des Längsschlittens 1 entlang der Z-Achse an das sich in bekanntem Abstand von der A-Ach- se, resp. der Umfangslinie 10' der Schleifscheibe befindli¬ che Abrichtrad, resp. des Umfangslinie oder die Schleiflinie SL 2 heranzufahren, ohne dass dazu ein Eichvorgang notwendig wäre. Da die durch das Abrichten entstehende neue Umfangsli¬ nie 10' der Schlei scheibe 10 auf einer NC-gesteuerten Schleifmaschine in Abhängigkeit des Schleifscheibenvorschu¬ bes entlang der X-Achse während dem Abrichtvorgang automa¬ tisch berechnet werden kann, kann die Schleifscheibe 10 nach dem Abrichtvorgang auch wieder automatisch und ohne Eichvor¬ gang wieder an das Werkstück 7, resp. die Schleiflinie SL 1, herangefahren werden, um den SchleifVorgang fortzusetzen. . Auch nach dem Aufspannen eines neuen Werkstückes zwischen die Gegenspitzen 5 und 6 genügt ein einziger Nullungsvorgang der Schleifmaschine, um die Arbeit fortzusetzen. Es reicht nämlich ein einfaches Nullsetzen bezüglich dem neuen Werks¬ tück, ist doch die räumliche Lage der Umfangslinie des Ab¬ richtrades 12 durch das Aufspannen eines neuen Werkstückes unverändert, resp. ununterbrochen definiert geblieben.FIG. 2 shows a comparable grinding machine, which differs from that in FIG. 1 in that the dressing wheel 8 is not fastened on the rotary table 2, but is fixedly connected to the longitudinal slide 1 by means of a device according to the invention. The device according to the invention is essentially a drive 11 and a receptacle 13 (FIG. 3) for the dressing wheel 12, which drive 11 defines an axis of rotation C around which the dressing wheel 12 in the direction of the double arrow c ' is rotatable. Furthermore, this drive defines a perpendicular axis B 'parallel to the B axis, about which said C f axis can be pivoted. If, in a defined rotational position of the axis B ', the grinding line SL 2 between dressing wheel 12 and grinding wheel 10, respectively. The spatial orientation of the circumferential line of the dressing wheel 12 with respect to the Z-axis has been defined before a grinding process, it remains unchanged regardless of the pivoting of the C-axis or the displacement of the turntable 2 with respect to the longitudinal slide 1 and shifts only parallel to the longitudinal slide 1 and the Z axis. In addition, it is easy to calculate its new position when the C axis is rotated about the B 'axis, since the position of the B' axis with respect to the B axis always remains identical and is known. This means that the location of the SL 2, resp. the circumferential line of the dressing wheel 12 remains defined at any time after a single zeroing thereof, regardless of any displacements of the C axis of the workpiece 7 and the grinding line SL 1 between the workpiece 7 and the grinding wheel 10. Thanks to this arrangement of the dressing wheel 12 and its positioning by means of the drive 11, it is possible at any time during a grinding process to pull the grinding wheel 10 away from the workpiece 7 and, after the longitudinal slide 1 has been displaced along the Z axis, to the known distance from the A-oh se, resp. the peripheral line 10 'of the grinding wheel dressing wheel, respectively. of the circumferential line or the grinding line SL 2 without a calibration process being necessary. Since the new circumferential line 10 ′ of the grinding wheel 10 resulting from the dressing can be calculated automatically on an NC-controlled grinding machine as a function of the grinding wheel feed along the X axis during the dressing process, the grinding wheel 10 can be carried out after the dressing process also again automatically and without calibration operation to the workpiece 7, respectively. the grinding line SL 1 can be brought up to continue the grinding process. , Even after a new workpiece has been clamped between the counter tips 5 and 6, a single zeroing operation of the grinding machine is sufficient to continue the work. A simple zeroing with respect to the new workpiece is sufficient, since the spatial position of the circumferential line of the dressing wheel 12 remains unchanged due to the clamping of a new workpiece. remained continuously defined.
In Fig. 3 ist dargestellt, dass das Abrichtrad 12 im Rahmen der Erfindung auf einen Konus 14 aufgezogen ist. Weiter er¬ sieht man die doppelte Lagerung der den Konus 14 aufweisen¬ den Spindel 15, die einerseits in ihrem vorderen Teil in ei¬ nem ersten Spindellager 16 und in ihrem hinteren Teil in ei¬ nem zweiten Spindellager 17 gelagert Ist. Die konische Auf¬ spannung des Abrichtrades 12 auf der Spindel 15 sowie die doppelte Lagerung der letzteren führen dazu, dass erfin- dungsgemäss das Abrichtrad 12 gegenüber herkömmlichen Ab¬ richträdern 8 wesentlich präziser und stabiler geführt ist, was eine erhöhte Präzision des Abrichtens der Schleifschei¬ ben ermöglicht. Vorteilhafterweise wird die Spindel 15 zudem über ein Schneckengetriebe 18 angetrieben, wobei dies in beiden Richtungen des Doppelpfeiles c' (Fig. 2) geschehen kann, derart, dass die Wirkrautiefe des Abrichtvorganges nach Belieben einstellbar ist. Dadurch, dass die Aufnahme- vorrichtung für das Abrichtrad 12 gemäss Fig. 3 um die Achse B' (Fig. 2) schwenkbar ist, können auch profilierte Schleif- Scheiben abgerichtet werden, wobei dies bei Bedarf unter gleichzeitiger Verschiebung der Schleifscheiben (10) auf der X-Achse geschehen kann.3 shows that the dressing wheel 12 is mounted on a cone 14 in the context of the invention. Furthermore, one can see the double bearing of the spindle 15 having the cone 14, which is mounted on the one hand in its front part in a first spindle bearing 16 and in its rear part in a second spindle bearing 17. The conical clamping of the dressing wheel 12 on the spindle 15 and the double bearing of the latter mean that, according to the invention, the dressing wheel 12 is guided much more precisely and stably than conventional dressing wheels 8, which increases the precision of dressing the grinding wheel ben enables. Advantageously, the spindle 15 is also driven by a worm gear 18, which can be done in both directions of the double arrow c '(FIG. 2) in such a way that the effective roughness of the dressing process can be adjusted as desired. Because the receiving device for the dressing wheel 12 can be pivoted about the axis B '(FIG. 2) according to FIG. 3, profiled grinding Wheels are dressed, which can be done if necessary while simultaneously moving the grinding wheels (10) on the X axis.
Die Fig. 4 und 5 veranschaulichen Abrichtbeispiele, die mit keinem herkömmlichen Abricht-Verfahren und keiner herkömmli¬ chen Vorrichtung realisiert werden können, da dazu eine dritte kontrolliert bewegliche und einstellbare Achse fehlt. Durch den motorischen Antrieb der B'-Achse der erfindungsge- mässen Vorrichtung, kann das Abrichtrad 12 NC-gesteuerte Schwenkbewegungen um diese Achse ausführen, derart, dass ein 3-dimensionales Abrichten von Schleifscheiben 10 möglich wird. Fig. 4 illustriert dies einerseits an einer Schleif¬ scheibe 10 mit 180° Aussenradius, das derart abgerichtet werden kann, dass das Abrichtrad 12 jederzeit rechtwinklig zur Schleifscheiben-Oberfläche oder -Umfangslinie 10' steht.4 and 5 illustrate dressing examples which cannot be realized with any conventional dressing method or device, since there is no third, controllably movable and adjustable axis. Due to the motor drive of the B'-axis of the device according to the invention, the dressing wheel 12 can execute NC-controlled pivoting movements about this axis in such a way that a 3-dimensional dressing of grinding wheels 10 is possible. 4 illustrates this on the one hand on a grinding wheel 10 with an outside radius of 180 °, which can be dressed in such a way that the dressing wheel 12 is at any time perpendicular to the grinding wheel surface or circumferential line 10 '.
Auch eine beidseitig hinterzogene Schleifscheibe 10 kann mit der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung problemlos abgerichtet werden, wie dies aus Fig. 5 ersichtlich ist.A grinding wheel 10 drawn back on both sides can also be dressed with the device according to the invention, as can be seen from FIG. 5.
Der Fachmann erkennt leicht, dass die vorliegende Erfindung wesentliche Vorteile gegenüber den bisherigen Abrichtverfah¬ ren für Schleifscheiben bringt, beeinflusst doch das Nullen der C-Achse die Positionierung des Abrichtrades nicht mehr. Zudem ermöglicht die sehr präziser und stabile Führung des Abrichtrades 12 eine Erhöhung der Abrichtqualität, ohne dass dies zu Lasten der Abrichtgeschwindigkeit geht. Im Gegenteil bringt die Tatsache, dass ein neuerliches Nullen der C-Achse nach jedem Abrichtvorgang und ein praktisches Ermitteln der Lage der Schleiflinie SL 2 zwischen Abrichtrad und Schleif¬ scheibe vor jedem Abrichtvorgang dank der Erfindung über¬ flüssig sind, eine wesentliche Beschleunigung der Arbeit auf der Schleifmaschine. Vorteilhaft ist ferner, dass praktisch jede moderne NC-gesteuerte Schleifmaschine derart umgebaut und umprogrammiert werden kann, dass das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren darauf einsetzbar wird. The person skilled in the art can easily see that the present invention has significant advantages over the previous dressing methods for grinding wheels, since the zeroing of the C axis no longer influences the positioning of the dressing wheel. In addition, the very precise and stable guidance of the dressing wheel 12 enables the dressing quality to be increased without this affecting the dressing speed. On the contrary, the fact that a new zeroing of the C-axis after each dressing process and a practical determination of the position of the grinding line SL 2 between the dressing wheel and the grinding wheel before each dressing process are superfluous thanks to the invention brings about a considerable acceleration of the work the grinding machine. It is also advantageous that practically every modern NC-controlled grinding machine can be converted and reprogrammed in such a way that the method according to the invention can be used on it.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜECHE PATENT CLAIMS
1. Verfahren zum Abrichten von Schleifscheiben mittels eines Abrichtrades, insbesondere auf NC-gesteuerten Schleifmaschi¬ nen mit einem in der horizontalen Z-Achse verschiebbaren Längsschlitten (1) und darauf befindlichem, um die senkrech¬ te B-Achse verschwenkbarem Drehtisch (2) zur Aufnahme der zu schleifenden Werkstücke (7) in der horizontalen C-Achse, so¬ wie einer um die A-Achse drehenden und in der X-Achse ver¬ schiebbaren Schleifscheibe (10), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein direkt auf dem Längsschlitten (1) um eine weitere horizontale Achse (C-Achse) drehbares und um eine zusätzli¬ che senkrechte Achse (Bf-Achse) verschwenkbares Abrichtrad (12) verwendet wird, das über einen separaten Antrieb (11) verfügt.1. Method for dressing grinding wheels by means of a dressing wheel, in particular on NC-controlled grinding machines with a longitudinal slide (1) which can be displaced in the horizontal Z-axis and a rotary table (2) thereon which can be pivoted about the vertical B-axis Holding the workpieces (7) to be ground in the horizontal C-axis, as well as a grinding wheel (10) rotating about the A-axis and displaceable in the X-axis, characterized in that a directly on the longitudinal slide (1 ) a dressing wheel (12) which can be rotated about a further horizontal axis (C axis) and can be pivoted about an additional vertical axis (B f axis) and which has a separate drive (11) is used.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Abrichtrad (12) mit konischer Aufnahme (14) verwendet wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a dressing wheel (12) with a conical receptacle (14) is used.
3. Vorrichtung zum Abrichten von Schleifscheiben auf einer NC-gesteuerten Schleifmaschinen mit einem in der horizonta¬ len Z-Achse verschiebbaren Längsschlitten (1) und darauf be¬ findlichem, um die senkrechte B-Achse verschwenkbarem Dreh¬ tisch (2) zur Aufnahme der zu schleifenden Werkstücke (7) in der horizontalen C-Achse, sowie einer um die A-Achse drehen¬ den und in der X-Achse verschiebbaren Schleifscheibe (10), gemäss dem Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Spindel (15) mit einem Konus (14) zur Aufnahme ei¬ nes Abrichtrades (12) mit konischer 'Zentralbohrung aufweist, welche Spindel (15) doppelt gelagert (16; 17) ist und über ein Schneckengetriebe (18) angetrieben wird und um eine sen¬ krecht zu ihr stehende Achse (B'-Achse) verschwenkbar ist. 3. Device for dressing grinding wheels on an NC-controlled grinding machine with a longitudinal slide (1) which can be displaced in the horizontal Z-axis and a rotary table (2) thereon which can be pivoted about the vertical B-axis to accommodate the Workpieces (7) to be ground in the horizontal C-axis, and a grinding wheel (10) rotating about the A-axis and displaceable in the X-axis, according to claim 1, characterized in that they have a spindle (15) with a cone (14) for receiving ei¬ nes dressing wheel (12) with a conical 'central bore, stored which spindle (15), double (16; 17) and is driven via a worm gear (18) and Krecht a sen ¬ to its standing axis (B'-axis) is pivotable.
EP88900763A 1987-01-25 1988-01-20 Process and device for trimming grinding wheels Withdrawn EP0299014A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH241/87 1987-01-25
CH241/87A CH671912A5 (en) 1987-01-25 1987-01-25

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US (1) US4936051A (en)
EP (1) EP0299014A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH01502500A (en)
CH (1) CH671912A5 (en)
WO (1) WO1988005367A1 (en)

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US5622526A (en) * 1994-03-28 1997-04-22 J. D. Phillips Corporation Apparatus for trueing CBN abrasive belts and grinding wheels
DE10059067A1 (en) * 2000-11-28 2002-06-06 Peter Baeumler Method and device for manufacturing toothed belt molds and gear wheels
CN101341003A (en) * 2005-12-22 2009-01-07 株式会社捷太格特 Wheel truing device
JP5018058B2 (en) * 2005-12-28 2012-09-05 株式会社ジェイテクト Truing device and truing method for grinding wheel
JP5464427B2 (en) * 2010-01-22 2014-04-09 豊和工業株式会社 Grinding tool shaping method
JP5703761B2 (en) * 2011-01-11 2015-04-22 株式会社ジェイテクト Truing method for grinding machine and grinding wheel
JP6127657B2 (en) * 2013-03-29 2017-05-17 株式会社ジェイテクト Truing method for rotating wheel and grinding machine for carrying out the truing method
CN103722456A (en) * 2013-12-23 2014-04-16 佛山泰冈数控精密机床有限公司 Tool grinding machine

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WO1988005367A1 (en) 1988-07-28
JPH01502500A (en) 1989-08-31
US4936051A (en) 1990-06-26
CH671912A5 (en) 1989-10-13

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