EP0297401B1 - Hydraulic control device - Google Patents

Hydraulic control device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0297401B1
EP0297401B1 EP88109858A EP88109858A EP0297401B1 EP 0297401 B1 EP0297401 B1 EP 0297401B1 EP 88109858 A EP88109858 A EP 88109858A EP 88109858 A EP88109858 A EP 88109858A EP 0297401 B1 EP0297401 B1 EP 0297401B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control
pressure
conduit
throttle
location
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88109858A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0297401A2 (en
EP0297401A3 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Brunner
Heiner Feichtenbeiner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heilmeier and Weinlein Fabrik fuer Oel Hydraulik GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Heilmeier and Weinlein Fabrik fuer Oel Hydraulik GmbH and Co KG
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Application filed by Heilmeier and Weinlein Fabrik fuer Oel Hydraulik GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Heilmeier and Weinlein Fabrik fuer Oel Hydraulik GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT88109858T priority Critical patent/ATE101899T1/en
Publication of EP0297401A2 publication Critical patent/EP0297401A2/en
Publication of EP0297401A3 publication Critical patent/EP0297401A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0297401B1 publication Critical patent/EP0297401B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/16Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
    • F15B11/161Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load
    • F15B11/165Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load for adjusting the pump output or bypass in response to demand
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66FHOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/075Constructional features or details
    • B66F9/20Means for actuating or controlling masts, platforms, or forks
    • B66F9/22Hydraulic devices or systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205Systems with pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/305Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30505Non-return valves, i.e. check valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/305Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30525Directional control valves, e.g. 4/3-directional control valve
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/31Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element
    • F15B2211/3105Neutral or centre positions
    • F15B2211/3111Neutral or centre positions the pump port being closed in the centre position, e.g. so-called closed centre
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/32Directional control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/321Directional control characterised by the type of actuation mechanically
    • F15B2211/324Directional control characterised by the type of actuation mechanically manually, e.g. by using a lever or pedal
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/35Directional control combined with flow control
    • F15B2211/351Flow control by regulating means in feed line, i.e. meter-in control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/605Load sensing circuits
    • F15B2211/6051Load sensing circuits having valve means between output member and the load sensing circuit
    • F15B2211/6055Load sensing circuits having valve means between output member and the load sensing circuit using pressure relief valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/615Filtering means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051Linear output members
    • F15B2211/7052Single-acting output members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051Linear output members
    • F15B2211/7053Double-acting output members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/71Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders
    • F15B2211/7135Combinations of output members of different types, e.g. single-acting cylinders with rotary motors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydraulic control device of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the pressure increase over the entire working range of the control element of the directional control valve is controlled to the same extent, so that there is essentially the same difference between the pressure in the pump line and the consumer pressure over the entire working range until the maximum delivery rate is reached.
  • the maximum pressure difference is only required to reach the maximum delivery rate in the control position end position of the control element of the directional control valve.
  • In control positions within the stroke of the Control element from the neutral position up to the vicinity of the control position end position is wasted energy due to the then unnecessarily high pressure difference, which can lead to heating and excessive mechanical wear of the pressure medium.
  • This control device also requires shuttle valves in the control line circuit in order to supply the pressure compensator with the highest load pressure from one of the directional valves provided.
  • each directional control valve is assigned its own inflow controller, which throttles depending on the load pressure as soon as the pressure compensator in the pump line sets too high a pressure due to the higher load pressure in another directional control valve. But this is an expensive additional effort.
  • a control pump is used as the pressure source provided that feeds the consumer via a pressure compensation valve upstream of the directional control valve.
  • a control line connected to the control pump and the pressure compensation valve branches off from the working line between the compensation valve and the directional control valve and contains a first throttle.
  • the control line is connected via a second throttle to the working line carrying the load pressure and additionally via a third throttle to the other working line leading to the tank.
  • the first and third throttles are adjustable.
  • the third throttle is throttled in opposite directions when the directional control valve is adjusted in the direction of the end position.
  • the signal pressure in the control line is made up of parts of the load pressure and parts of the compensation pressure prevailing upstream of the directional control valve.
  • the flow rate is not kept constant, but increased with increasing pressure and reduced with decreasing load pressure. This has a damping effect, so that the control device quickly reaches a steady state.
  • the inlet pressures of the second and third throttles By mixing the inlet pressures of the second and third throttles, no strict load dependency is possible. Even at low load pressures, the pressure in the working line upstream of the directional control valve is still a relatively small stroke of the directional control valve is significantly higher than the load pressure and this strong pressure increase is maintained over a relatively large stroke of the directional control valve, although a strong pressure increase only towards the end of the stroke of the directional control valve would be needed in its end position. This results in a waste of energy and an unnecessary mechanical load on the pressure medium.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a hydraulic control device of the type mentioned, which is characterized by improved energy efficiency and gentle treatment of the pressure medium.
  • the second throttling point in the control line circuit acts so that it first controls a certain low pressure increase via the pressure compensator, which ensures that the pump line pressure is above the consumer pressure, but only to the extent that this over an initial stroke with a lower delivery rate for the ensures proper load-independent movement of the consumer.
  • the pressure in the pump line raised in at least one stage to such an extent that the maximum delivery rate or the highest speed of the consumer can be reached without problems. This results in an improved use of energy and the advantage that the pressure medium is mechanically less stressed and is not heated because the pressure medium flows out via the pressure compensator with little flow resistance over the initial region of the stroke of the control element of the directional valve.
  • the second throttle point is divided into two parallel throttles, one of which is deactivated towards the end of the stroke of the control element of the directional control valve, so that there is then a higher flow resistance in the second control line, from which the stage in the pressure increase results.
  • the flow resistance is reduced because of the two throttles of the second throttle point that are then active, and the pressure increase is also lower.
  • the transition between the two stages of pressure increase is not noticeable on the consumer. It would also be conceivable to fork the second control line in more than two parallel lines and to provide a separate throttle in each line in order to achieve more than two stages in the pressure increase over the stroke of the control element.
  • the level of pressure increase can in this way be controlled as desired depending on the intended use of the hydraulic control device. Because the larger throttle of the second throttle point is separated toward the end of the stroke of the control element of the directional control valve, there is a significant increase in the pressure on the spring side of the pressure compensator. The procedure could also be reversed, so that the pressure increase stage is only lower.
  • the idea of the embodiment of claim 6 is also important, because it ensures that the inlet pressure of the first throttle point in the control line circuit on the side opposite the spring side of the pressure compensator becomes effective, that is to say that the pressure medium does not seek the lower-resistance route via the control branch channel can. If necessary, an additional influence on the course of the pressure increase can be exerted by appropriate coordination between the first throttle point and the throttle in the control branch channel or in the connecting channel.
  • a further, expedient embodiment of the subject matter of the invention in which several directional valves are connected in parallel to the pump line and the control line circuit, can be seen from claim 7.
  • the check valve not only prevents the load from dropping due to pressure medium possibly pushed back into the control line circuit, but also ensures that one which is actuated prematurely Directional control valve with a lower load pressure fed into the control line circuit when the directional control valve assigned to the check valve is subsequently switched on, which may control a higher load pressure, no step occurs in the pressure increase due to this higher load pressure, which would be dangerous for the other directional control valves or their consumers.
  • the check valve then uncouples the directional valve with the higher load pressure from the control line circuit and controls the pressure in the control line circuit with the lower, then priority load pressure.
  • This is an extremely important property of the control device, in particular in the case of forklift trucks or forklifts, because there the lifting cylinder usually works with the highest load pressure, while tilting cylinders or other auxiliary cylinders have to work with lower load pressures. There would be a dangerous interaction if the higher load pressure were not intercepted at the check valve.
  • the embodiment according to claim 8 is also expedient, because with this configuration of the check valve, it is assigned a double function by both forming the second throttle point and preventing the backward effect of the possibly disturbing high load pressure in the control line circuit. This is also a measure that is favorable in terms of production technology.
  • the embodiment according to claim 9 has proven to be particularly useful. From approximately 80% of the stroke of the control element of the directional control valve, a high pressure difference between the pump line pressure and the consumer line pressure is only required in practice. Previously, this high pressure differential only meant a waste of energy that is at the expense of the temperature of the pressure medium and increases its mechanical load unnecessarily.
  • a further, simplified embodiment finally emerges from claim 10.
  • This configuration results in a particularly expedient accommodation of the second throttle point, which also makes it possible to control the pressure increase for only one working direction of the consumer. It would also be conceivable to choose the cross-section of the tapping line so small that it functions as a second throttle point in the control line circuit.
  • a check valve 5 is provided in front of each directional valve 2, 3 and 3 '.
  • the directional control valves 2, 3, 3 ' are connected to a common return line 6 to a tank.
  • a pressure compensator 7 of conventional design is provided in the pump line 4, which contains a slide 8 which is infinitely adjustable between a shut-off position (FIG.
  • a control line circuit consists of a first control line 11, a second control line 12, a third control line 34 and a control line circuit part 30 connected to the first control line 11 at 29.
  • the first control line 11 branches off from the pump line 4 and leads to the directional control valve 2 and via it the other directional valves 3 and 3 'to the return.
  • An adjustable control element 17 contains one in each directional control valve Through channel 28, which connects the first control line 11 to the return line 6 in the neutral position.
  • the second control line 12 leads from the spring side of the pressure compensator 7 to a connection point 13 with the first control line 11 and from the connection point 13 to the directional control valve 2.
  • a first throttle point 14 is provided in the first control line 11 between the pump line 4 and the connection point 13.
  • a second throttle point 15 is provided in the second control line 12 between the crossing point 13 and the directional control valve 2.
  • the input pressure of the first throttle point 14 is transmitted by means of the third control line 34 to the side of the slide 8 of the pressure compensator 7 opposite the spring side.
  • the input pressure of the second throttle point 15 is effective via the second control line 12 on the spring side of the pressure compensator 7.
  • a check valve 16 is provided in the second control line 12 between the connection point 13 and the second throttle point 15 and is open in the direction of flow to the directional control valve 2.
  • the second control line 12 is forked behind the check valve 16 into two parallel branches 12a and 12b, each of which contains a throttle 15a and 15b forming part of the throttle point 15.
  • the two parallel branches 12a and 12b are connected to separate load pressure tapping connections 20, 21 in the directional control valve 2.
  • the throttle cross section of the first throttle point 14 is larger than the sum of the throttle cross sections of the throttles 15a and 15b.
  • the throttle 15b has a larger throttle cross section than the throttle 15a.
  • control member 17 is in conventionally adjustable from the neutral position in two control position end positions, with an intermediate position of the control member 17 is indicated in dashed lines in Fig. 1, in which this has performed less than, for example, 80% of the stroke in the direction of the first control position end position.
  • the directional control valve 2 is used to control a consumer, e.g. a single-acting cylinder 35, which in the present case can be the lifting cylinder of a forklift.
  • a consumer line 3c leads from the directional valve 2 to the cylinder 35.
  • a tap line 18 branches off to a load pressure tap connection 19 of the directional valve 2.
  • a connecting channel 22 is provided which bifurcates into two branches 24, 25 which are connected together to a channel part 23.
  • the fork load 24 or the connection to the connection 20 is shut off (indicated at 24a).
  • a connection channel 26 is provided with an adjustable throttle point 27, which leads the pressure medium from the pump line 4 into the consumer line 3c.
  • the channel 28 of the control member 17 is set to pass through the first control line 11 in the neutral position, and also in the second control line b, in which the pressure medium can flow out of the consumer line 3c directly into the return line 6.
  • An auxiliary control line 32 leads from line part 30 to a pilot-controlled pressure relief valve 33, with which the system pressure in the control line circuit is limited and that is connected to line 10 to return line 6.
  • a cylinder 36 Connected to the next directional control valve 3 as a consumer is a cylinder 36 which can be acted on on both sides and which has consumer lines 3a and 3b which can be acted upon alternately from the pump line 4.
  • throttles 31 are arranged in the directional control valve 3 in the consumer lines 3a and 3b, which limit the maximum delivery quantity, so that the cylinder 36 can only be moved at a limited speed.
  • a second throttle point 15' is also provided in the second control line 12 '.
  • the directional control valve 3 ' which corresponds to the directional control valve 3 except for the throttles 31, is of conventional design and is used to control a double-sided cylinder 37.
  • the second throttle point 15' is again provided in the second control line 12' to the directional control valve 3 '.
  • the throttle 15b and the throttle points 15 ' have, e.g. in this embodiment, the same throttle cross section.
  • the control device 1A works as follows: In the neutral position shown, all directional valves 2, 3 and 3 ', the pump line 4 is shut off. The pressure medium flowing into the first control line 11 reaches the return line 6 directly via the channels 28. The second control line 12 is thus relieved, so that the inlet pressure at the first throttle point 14 presses the slide 8 of the pressure compensator 7 into the open position via the third control line 34, as a result of which the pressure medium flows from the pump line 4 via the line 10 directly into the return line.
  • the pump essentially only needs to overcome the flow resistance generated by the weak spring 9.
  • the control element 17 of the directional control valve 2 is adjusted from the neutral position into an intermediate position (indicated by the broken line in FIG. 1) in the direction of the first control position end position, the passage of the first control line 11 open to the return line 6 is interrupted.
  • the connecting channel 22 connects the connections 19, 20 and 21.
  • the channel 26 of the control element 17 connects the pump line 4 to the consumer line 3c.
  • the load pressure in the consumer line 3c holds the check valve 16 in the blocking position.
  • a pressure builds up in the second control line 12, which moves the slide 8 of the pressure compensator in the direction of the shut-off position.
  • the input pressure of the second throttle point 15 is effective on the spring side of the pressure compensator 7, during the Input pressure of the first throttle point 14 acts on the opposite side of the slide 8.
  • the pressure compensator 7 regulates the speed of the cylinder 35 set with the control member 17 independently of the load pressure.
  • the input pressure of the second throttle point 15 results from the flow resistance of the two parallel throttles 15a and 15b, so that one of the pressure difference between the two input pressures and the spring 9 certain pressure increase results.
  • the fork load 24a of the connecting channel 22 is blocked.
  • the throttle 15b of the second throttle point 15 is thus effective.
  • the pressure medium in the second control line 12 only flows through the throttle 15a, so that the flow resistance increases and with it also the input pressure effective on the spring side of the pressure compensator 7.
  • the pressure in the pump line 4 is gradually increased in relation to the consumer pressure, so that the desired maximum delivery rate is finally reached up to the end position of the control member 17.
  • the throttle 27 in the control member 17 acts as a measuring throttle, while the pressure compensator 7 works as an adjusting throttle which controls the set speed of the consumer 35 independently of the load pressure.
  • the connecting channel 22 forms with the one throttle 15 a or with the two parallel throttles 15a and 15b a pressure stage D with which a step-like pressure increase is achieved.
  • the pressure compensator 7 operates depending on the input pressures of the first throttle point 14 and the second throttle point 15 'in the second control line 12' to the directional control valve 3.
  • the pressure increase remains approximately the same over the entire working range of the directional valve 3.
  • the maximum flow rate to cylinder 36 is limited in each working direction by throttles 31, e.g. to 30 l / min.
  • the lowest load pressure has priority over the higher load pressures. That is, leads, for example, the consumer line 3a of the directional control valve 3 the lowest load pressure, so the pressure compensator 7 works depending on the input pressure at the first throttle point 14 and the input pressure at the second throttle point 15 'of the directional control valve 3. Even if the load pressure at the check valve 16 would be higher or the load pressure at the directional control valve 3 ', this higher load pressure cannot affect the working of the pressure compensator 7, since it is reduced via the second throttle point 15 'at the directional control valve 3 relative to the level of the load pressure prevailing there.
  • the directional control valve 3 controls the tilt cylinder, the movement of which is to be maintained at a low speed, even when a large load is present on the lifting cylinder (directional control valve 2). Since the pressure prevailing in the pump line 4 then depends on the load pressure on the directional control valve 3, the cylinder 35 cannot move a high load and the speed of the cylinder 36 cannot be increased even via the high load pressure on the directional control valve 2, even if the user of the Forklift tries to outwit the hydraulic control device by operating the directional valve 2. Of course, the principle of gradually increasing the pressure, possibly even for every consumer direction, could be applied to all the directional valves provided.
  • the hydraulic control device 1B according to FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 by a modification of the pressure stage D for the input pressure of the second throttle point 15 or the spring side of the pressure compensator 7.
  • the other elements of the hydraulic control device 1B largely correspond to those described above that this will not be discussed any further.
  • the second control line 12 leads in Fig. 2 from the second throttle point 15, which is formed by a single throttle, the throttle cross section is smaller than that of the first throttle point 14, directly to the single load pressure tap connection 20 of the directional control valve 2 '. This is adjacent to the load pressure tap connection 19 of the tap line 18.
  • the control panel 17 ' is the Connection channel 22 'only from the branch 24 and the connection 23.
  • a continuous connection channel 40 is also provided in the control member 17', in the directional control valve 2 'on the side of the pump line 4, a control channel inlet connection 38 and opposite this a control channel outlet connection 39 are assigned so that the connections 38 and 39 are only connected at a predetermined stroke of the control member 17 'in the direction of the first control position end position, for example from 80% of the total stroke. In the stroke of the control member 17 'between the neutral position and this predetermined stroke (indicated by dashed lines), the connections 38 and 39 are separated.
  • a control branch channel 41 branches off from the pump line 4 upstream of the check valve 5 to the connection 38, and from the opposite connection 39 a connection channel 43 to an intersection 44 with the first control line 11.
  • the connection channel 43 could also be connected to another point in the control line circuit.
  • a throttle 42 is arranged in the control branch duct 41, the throttle cross section of which is equal to the throttle cross section of the first throttle point 14.
  • the tap line 18 is connected to the second control line 12 via the connecting channel 22'.
  • the input pressure of the first throttle point 14 acts on one side of the slide 8, while the input pressure of the second throttle point 15 acts on the spring side of the slide 8.
  • the pressure increase is effective as a function of the inlet pressures of the throttle points 14, 15, so that the pressure in the pump line 4 exceeds the pressure in the consumer line 3c by a predetermined amount.
  • the channel 40 connects the connections 38 and 39.
  • pressure medium is additionally guided into the control line circuit via the then open flow path 41, 42, 38, 40, 39, 43, 11.
  • the flow resistance at the first throttle point 15 increases, which on the spring side of the slide 8 of the pressure compensator 7 ensures that there is a greater restriction in the flow path from the pump line 4 to the line 10. This results in a growing pressure difference between the pressure in the pump line 4 and the consumer line 3c, which ensures that the maximum delivery rate in the consumer line 3c is reached.
  • the inlet pressure present at the first throttle point 14, which acts on the slide 8 against the spring 9, is not influenced by the pressure medium flowing into the control line circuit in the additional flow connection, because the throttle 42 has the same throttle cross section as the first throttle point 14.
  • connection 38 and 39 are separated again as soon as the control member 17' under e.g. 80% of the stroke travel. Then the lower pressure increase is activated until the neutral position is reached.
  • a preload check valve 45 is arranged in the second control line 12, which contains the second throttle point 15 on the one hand and the check valve 16 of the embodiment from FIG. 2 on the other hand united.
  • the connecting channel 22 'in the control element of the directional control valve corresponds to the connecting channel 22, which was explained with reference to FIG. 2, and which connects the tap line 18 both in an intermediate position of the control element and in the control position end position with the second control line 12.
  • a pressure stage is not shown in this embodiment.
  • Fig. 3A illustrates a detail variant in which a bias check valve 45 'is housed in the bleed line 18 from the consumer line 3c to the control member 17 of the directional valve. This is a structural simplification because the second control line 12 does not have to contain any organs responsible for the pressure increase.
  • a certain pressure drop can be set via the preload valve, for example 15 bar. If the bias valve 45, 45 'is designed so that the spring preload can be changed, the input pressure can be adapted to different conditions.
  • the effect of pressure stage D can be seen from the diagram in FIG. 4.
  • the stroke of the control member 17, 17 'of the directional control valve 2.2' is plotted in percent.
  • the delivery rate Q is indicated on the horizontal axis.
  • the lower solid curve P (3) indicates the pressure in the consumer line 3c, while the upper, solid curve P (4) shows the pressure in the pump line 4.
  • the dash-dotted curve T shows the course of the pressure in the pump line 4 of a conventional control device.
  • the hatched area F represents the energy saving due to the effect of pressure stage D.
  • the pressure P (3) in the consumer line initially increases when the delivery rate is initially small and then runs approximately linearly until the maximum delivery rate Q max is reached.
  • the pressure P (4) in the pump line 4 initially also increases when the delivery rate is small, in order to then run essentially constant with a higher value than the pressure in the consumer line 3c (first stage of the pressure increase).
  • the pressure stage becomes effective, whereupon the pressure P (4) in the pump line 4 and thus the pressure difference to the pressure P (3) in the consumer line 3c increases to a maximum value which before the maximum flow Q max is reached (second stage of pressure increase).

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Abstract

In a hydraulic control device having at least one distributing valve (2m, 2') connected upstream of a consuming point (35), a more effective energy utilization is achieved by means of a pressure step (D) provided for the input pressure of a second throttling point (15), which can be switched in stroke-dependent fashion by means of a control element (17, 17') of the distributing valve (2, 2') so that the maximum difference in pressure between the pump line pressure P(4) and the consumer pressure P(3) is only controlled shortly before the need of a high conveying amount. Before this the difference in pressure is kept smaller.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine hydraulische Steuervorrichtung der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Art.The invention relates to a hydraulic control device of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Bei einer aus der US-A 3 971 216 bekannten hydraulischen Steuervorrichtung dieser Art wird der Eingangsdruck der zweiten Drosselstelle über den Lastdruck angehoben, indem das zum Wegeventil strömende Druckmittel in der zweiten Steuerleitung die Kraft eines Vorspannventils überwinden muß. Dieser angehobene Steuerdruck wird auf die Federseite der Druckwaage gebracht, um den Pumpendruck entsprechend anzuheben. Es ist zwar bei einer Ausführungsform dieser hydraulischen Steuervorrichtung vorgesehen, zusätzlich zu dem durch die Feder vorgespannten Vorspannventil noch eine zweite Drosselstelle in Reihe dahinter zu schalten, um für eine Arbeitsrichtung des beidseitig beaufschlagbaren Zylinders eine höhere Druckanhebung als für die andere Arbeitsrichtung zu erreichen. Jedoch wird die Druckanhebung über den gesamten Arbeitsbereich des Steuerglieds des Wegeventils in gleichem Maße eingesteuert, so daß im wesentlichen über den gesamten Arbeitsbereich bis zum Erreichen der maximalen Fördermenge die gleiche Differenz zwischen dem Druck in der Pumpenleitung und dem Verbraucherdruck vorliegt. An sich wird aber die maximale Druckdifferenz nur zum Erreichen der maximalen Fördermenge in der Steuerstellungs-Endlage des Steuerglieds des Wegeventils benötigt. In Steuerstellungen innerhalb des Hubes des Steuerglieds aus der Neutralstellung bis in die Nähe der Steuerstellungs-Endlage wird aufgrund der dann unnötig hohen Druckdifferenz Energie vergeudet, die zu einer Erhitzung und zu starkem mechanischen Verschleiß des Druckmittels führen kann. Diese Steuervorrichtung benötigt außerdem Wechselventile im Steuerleitungskreis, um der Druckwaage jeweils den höchsten Lastdruck von einem der vorgesehenen Wegeventile zuzuführen. Daraus resultiert der Nachteil, daß bei gleichzeitiger Betätigung mehrerer Wegeventile auch die für Verbraucher mit geringeren Fördermengen vorgesehenen Wegeventile mit zu großer Druckmittelmenge versorgt werden, was gegebenenfalls zu Beschädigungen oder Gefährdungen führt. Deshalb ist jedem Wegesteuerventil noch ein eigener Zulaufregler zugeordnet, der lastdruckabhängig abdrosselt, sobald aufgrund des höheren Lastdrucks bei einem anderen Wegeventil die Druckwaage in der Pumpenleitung einen zu hohen Druck einsteuert. Dies ist aber ein teurer Zusatzaufwand.In a hydraulic control device of this type known from US Pat. No. 3,971,216, the inlet pressure of the second throttle point is raised above the load pressure by the pressure medium flowing to the directional control valve in the second control line having to overcome the force of a preload valve. This increased control pressure is applied to the spring side of the pressure compensator in order to raise the pump pressure accordingly. In one embodiment of this hydraulic control device, it is provided, in addition to the preload valve preloaded by the spring, to connect a second throttle point in series in order to achieve a higher pressure increase for one working direction of the cylinder which can be acted upon on both sides than for the other working direction. However, the pressure increase over the entire working range of the control element of the directional control valve is controlled to the same extent, so that there is essentially the same difference between the pressure in the pump line and the consumer pressure over the entire working range until the maximum delivery rate is reached. As such, however, the maximum pressure difference is only required to reach the maximum delivery rate in the control position end position of the control element of the directional control valve. In control positions within the stroke of the Control element from the neutral position up to the vicinity of the control position end position is wasted energy due to the then unnecessarily high pressure difference, which can lead to heating and excessive mechanical wear of the pressure medium. This control device also requires shuttle valves in the control line circuit in order to supply the pressure compensator with the highest load pressure from one of the directional valves provided. This results in the disadvantage that, when several directional control valves are actuated at the same time, the directional control valves intended for consumers with lower delivery quantities are supplied with an excessive quantity of pressure medium, which may lead to damage or hazards. For this reason, each directional control valve is assigned its own inflow controller, which throttles depending on the load pressure as soon as the pressure compensator in the pump line sets too high a pressure due to the higher load pressure in another directional control valve. But this is an expensive additional effort.

Der Nachteil einer gleichbleibenden Druckanhebung über den gesamten Hubweg des Steuerglieds des Wegeventils ist auch bei hydraulischen Steuervorrichtungen gegeben, wie sie bekannt sind aus US-A-3 815 477, DE-A-3 61 12 44, FR-A-2 416 366, FR-A-2 338 404, EP-A-01 70 815 und EP-A-01 67 818. Die Anhebung des Versorgungsdrucks über den Lastdruck bleibt deshalb über den vollen Hub des Steuerventils nahezu gleich, weil die jeweils zweite Drosselstelle für die Druckanhebung verantwortlich und schon am Beginn des Hubs des Steuerventils wirksam ist.The disadvantage of a constant pressure increase over the entire stroke of the control element of the directional control valve is also given in hydraulic control devices, as are known from US-A-3 815 477, DE-A-3 61 12 44, FR-A-2 416 366, FR-A-2 338 404, EP-A-01 70 815 and EP-A-01 67 818. The increase in the supply pressure above the load pressure therefore remains almost the same over the full stroke of the control valve because the second throttle point for the pressure increase responsible and effective from the beginning of the stroke of the control valve.

Bei einer aus FR-A-2 571 102 bekannten hydraulischen Steuereinrichtung einer anderen Art und für einen einzigen Verbraucher ist als Druckquelle eine Regelpumpe vorgesehen, die den Verbraucher über ein dem Wegeventil vorgeschaltetes Druck-Kompensations-Ventil speist. Eine an die Regelpumpe und das Druck-Kompensations-Ventil angeschlossene Steuerleitung zweigt von der Arbeitsleitung zwischen dem Kompensations-Ventil und dem Wegeventil ab und enthält eine erste Drossel. Ferner ist die Steuerleitung über eine zweite Drossel an die den Lastdruck führende Arbeitsleitung und zusätzlich über eine dritte Drossel an die zum Tank führende, andere Arbeitsleitung angeschlossen. Die ersten und dritten Drosseln sind verstellbar. Die dritte Drossel wird bei der Verstellung des Wegesteuerventils in Richtung auf die Endstellung gegensinnig abgedrosselt. Der Signaldruck in der Steuerleitung setzt sich aus Teilen des Lastdrucks und Teilen des stromauf des Wegesteuerventils herrschenden Kompensationsdrucks zusammen. Bei Änderungen des Lastdrucks wird die Durchflußmenge nicht konstant gehalten, sondern mit steigendem Druck angehoben und mit sinkendem Lastdruck verringert. Dies hat eine dämpfende Wirkung, so daß die Steuereinrichtung rasch einen eingeschwungenen Zustand erreicht. Durch das Vermischen der Eingangsdrücke der zweiten und dritten Drosseln ist keine strikte Lastabhängigkeit möglich. Auch ist gerade bei niedrigen Lastdrücken der Druck in der Arbeitsleitung stromauf des Wegesteuerventils noch relativ kleinem Hub des Wegesteuerventils deutlich höher als der Lastdruck und wird diese starke Druckanhebung über einen relativ großen Hub des Wegesteuerventils aufrechterhalten, obwohl eine starke Druckanhebung erst gegen Ende des Hubs des Wegesteuerventils in seine Endstellung gebraucht würde. Daraus ergeben sich eine Energievergeudung und eine unnötige mechanische Belastung für das Druckmittel.In a hydraulic control device of another type known from FR-A-2 571 102 and for a single consumer, a control pump is used as the pressure source provided that feeds the consumer via a pressure compensation valve upstream of the directional control valve. A control line connected to the control pump and the pressure compensation valve branches off from the working line between the compensation valve and the directional control valve and contains a first throttle. Furthermore, the control line is connected via a second throttle to the working line carrying the load pressure and additionally via a third throttle to the other working line leading to the tank. The first and third throttles are adjustable. The third throttle is throttled in opposite directions when the directional control valve is adjusted in the direction of the end position. The signal pressure in the control line is made up of parts of the load pressure and parts of the compensation pressure prevailing upstream of the directional control valve. When the load pressure changes, the flow rate is not kept constant, but increased with increasing pressure and reduced with decreasing load pressure. This has a damping effect, so that the control device quickly reaches a steady state. By mixing the inlet pressures of the second and third throttles, no strict load dependency is possible. Even at low load pressures, the pressure in the working line upstream of the directional control valve is still a relatively small stroke of the directional control valve is significantly higher than the load pressure and this strong pressure increase is maintained over a relatively large stroke of the directional control valve, although a strong pressure increase only towards the end of the stroke of the directional control valve would be needed in its end position. This results in a waste of energy and an unnecessary mechanical load on the pressure medium.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine hydraulische Steuervorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, die sich durch eine verbesserte Energieausnutzung und eine schonende Behandlung des Druckmittels auszeichnet.The invention has for its object to provide a hydraulic control device of the type mentioned, which is characterized by improved energy efficiency and gentle treatment of the pressure medium.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.The object is achieved according to the invention by the features specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Bei dieser Ausbildung wird eine stufenweise Druckanhebung erreicht, die in Abhängigkeit von der Hubbewegung des Steuerglieds des Wegeventils gesteuert wird. Die zweite Drosselstelle im Steuerleitungskreis wirkt so, daß sie zunächst eine bestimmte niedrige Druckanhebung über die Druckwaage einsteuert, bei der sichergestellt ist, daß zwar der Pumpenleitungsdruck über dem Verbraucherdruck liegt, jedoch nur so weit, daß dieser über einen anfänglichen Hub bei geringerer Fördermenge für die ordnungsgemäße lastunabhängige Bewegung des Verbrauchers sorgt. Erst gegen Ende des Hubweges des Steuerglieds des Wegeventils wird der Druck in der Pumpenleitung in mindestens einer Stufe soweit angehoben, daß die maximale Fördermenge bzw. die größte Geschwindigkeit des Verbrauchers problemlos erreicht werden. Daraus resultiert eine verbesserte Energieausnutzung und der Vorteil, daß das Druckmittel mechanisch geringer belastet und nicht so erhitzt wird, weil über den Anfangsbereich des Hubweges des Steuergliedes des Wegeventils das Druckmittel über die Druckwaage mit wenig Durchflußwiderstand abströmt.With this design, a gradual pressure increase is achieved, which is controlled as a function of the stroke movement of the control element of the directional valve. The second throttling point in the control line circuit acts so that it first controls a certain low pressure increase via the pressure compensator, which ensures that the pump line pressure is above the consumer pressure, but only to the extent that this over an initial stroke with a lower delivery rate for the ensures proper load-independent movement of the consumer. Only towards the end of the stroke of the control element of the directional control valve is the pressure in the pump line raised in at least one stage to such an extent that the maximum delivery rate or the highest speed of the consumer can be reached without problems. This results in an improved use of energy and the advantage that the pressure medium is mechanically less stressed and is not heated because the pressure medium flows out via the pressure compensator with little flow resistance over the initial region of the stroke of the control element of the directional valve.

Eine besonders zweckmäßige Ausführungsform des Erfindungsgegenstandes geht aus Anspruch 2 hervor. Bei dieser Ausbildung wird die zweite Drosselstelle in zwei parallele Drosseln aufgeteilt, von denen die eine gegen Ende des Hubweges des Steuerglieds des Wegeventils außer Funktion gesetzt wird, so daß sich dann ein höherer Durchströmwiderstand in der zweiten Steuerleitung ergibt, aus dem die Stufe in der Druckanhebung resultiert. Bei geringerer Fördermenge zum Verbraucher ist hingegen der Durchströmwiderstand wegen der beiden dann aktiven Drosseln der zweiten Drosselstelle reduziert und auch die Druckanhebung geringer. Der Übergang zwischen den beiden Stufen der Druckanhebung ist am Verbraucher nicht spürbar. Es wäre auch denkbar, die zweite Steuerleitung in mehr als zwei Parallelleitungen aufzugabeln und in jeder Leitung eine eigene Drossel vorzugesehen, um über den Hubweg des Steuergliedes mehr als zwei Stufen bei der Druckanhebung zu erreichen.A particularly expedient embodiment of the subject matter of the invention can be found in claim 2. In this design, the second throttle point is divided into two parallel throttles, one of which is deactivated towards the end of the stroke of the control element of the directional control valve, so that there is then a higher flow resistance in the second control line, from which the stage in the pressure increase results. With a lower flow rate to the consumer, however, the flow resistance is reduced because of the two throttles of the second throttle point that are then active, and the pressure increase is also lower. The The transition between the two stages of pressure increase is not noticeable on the consumer. It would also be conceivable to fork the second control line in more than two parallel lines and to provide a separate throttle in each line in order to achieve more than two stages in the pressure increase over the stroke of the control element.

Eine alternative, ebenfalls zweckmäßige Ausführungsform geht aus Anspruch 3 hervor. Bei dieser Ausbildung ist in konventioneller Weise in der zweiten Steuerleitung nur eine Drossel als zweite Drosselstelle vorgesehen. Gleichzeitig wird aber dafür Sorge getragen, daß gegen Ende der Hubbewegung des Steuergliedes in die Steuerstellungs-Endlage ein weiterer Strömungsweg geöffnet wird, aus dem Druckmittel aus der Pumpenleitung direkt in den Steuerleitungsgreis strömt. Dieses zusätzliche Druckmittel erhöht die Druckmittelmenge, die im Steuerleitungskreis über die zweite Drosselstelle strömen soll, so daß auf diese Weise der Eingangsdruck der zweiten Drosselstelle angehoben und die Kraft an der Federseite der Druckwaage verstärkt werden.An alternative, also expedient embodiment emerges from claim 3. In this configuration, only one throttle is provided as the second throttle point in the second control line in a conventional manner. At the same time, however, care is taken that a further flow path is opened towards the end of the stroke movement of the control member into the control position end position, from which pressure medium flows directly from the pump line into the control line circuit. This additional pressure medium increases the quantity of pressure medium that is to flow in the control line circuit via the second throttle point, so that in this way the inlet pressure of the second throttle point is raised and the force on the spring side of the pressure compensator is increased.

Eine weitere, zweckmäßige Ausführungsform geht aus Anspruch 4 hervor. Die Stufe der Druckanhebung kann auf diese Weise in Abhängigkeit vom Einsatzzweck der hydraulischen Steuervorrichtung praktisch beliebig gesteuert werden. Dadurch, daß die größere Drossel der zweiten Drosselstelle gegen Ende des Hubweges des Steuergliedes des Wegeventils abgetrennt wird, ergibt sich ein deutlicher Anstieg des Drucks an der Federseite der Druckwaage. Es könnte aber auch umgekehrt vorgegangen werden, so daß die Stufe der Druckanhebung nur geringer ausfällt.Another useful embodiment is set out in claim 4. The level of pressure increase can in this way be controlled as desired depending on the intended use of the hydraulic control device. Because the larger throttle of the second throttle point is separated toward the end of the stroke of the control element of the directional control valve, there is a significant increase in the pressure on the spring side of the pressure compensator. The procedure could also be reversed, so that the pressure increase stage is only lower.

In der Praxis hat sich eine Ausführungsform besonders bewährt, bei der die Maßgaben von Anspruch 5 verwirklicht waren. Mit dieser Auslegung für eine maximale Fördermenge von annähernd 80 l/min wurde über den gesamten Arbeitsbereich des Wegeventils stets die gewünschte und vorherbestimmte Fördermenge erreicht. Trotzdem war das Druckmittel aufgrund der gemessenen, relativ geringen Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Pumpenleitungsdruck und dem Verbraucherdruck in der Anfangsphase des Hubes des Wegeventils über eine Testreihe kühler als das Druckmittel bei konventioneller Steuerung der Druckanhebung.In practice, an embodiment in which the requirements of claim 5 were realized has proven particularly useful. With this design for a maximum delivery rate of approximately 80 l / min, the desired and predetermined delivery rate was always achieved over the entire working range of the directional valve. Nevertheless, due to the measured, relatively small pressure difference between the pump line pressure and the consumer pressure in the initial phase of the stroke of the directional control valve, the pressure medium was cooler than the pressure medium with conventional control of the pressure increase.

Wichtig ist ferner der Gedanke der Ausführungsform von Anspruch 6, weil dadurch sichergestellt wird, daß der Eingangsdruck der ersten Drosselstelle im Steuerleitungskreis an der der Federseite der Druckwaage gegenüberliegenden Seite ordnungsgemäß wirksam wird, d.h., daß sich das Druckmittel nicht den widerstandsärmeren Weg über den Steuerzweigkanal suchen kann. Gegebenenfalls kann durch eine zweckmäßige Abstimmung zwischen der ersten Drosselstelle und der Drossel im Steuerzweigkanal oder im Verbindungskanal zusätzlicher Einfluß auf den Stufenverlauf der Druckanhebung genommen werden.The idea of the embodiment of claim 6 is also important, because it ensures that the inlet pressure of the first throttle point in the control line circuit on the side opposite the spring side of the pressure compensator becomes effective, that is to say that the pressure medium does not seek the lower-resistance route via the control branch channel can. If necessary, an additional influence on the course of the pressure increase can be exerted by appropriate coordination between the first throttle point and the throttle in the control branch channel or in the connecting channel.

Eine weitere, zweckmäßige Ausführungsform des Erfindungsgegenstandes, bei dem mehrere Wegeventile parallel an die Pumpenleitung und den Steuerleitungskreis angeschlossen sind, geht aus Anspruch 7 hervor. Bei dieser Ausbildung verhindert das Rückschlagventil nicht nur das Absinken der Last durch gegebenenfalls in den Steuerleitungskreis zurückgedrücktes Druckmittel, sondern stellt auch sicher, daß bei einem voreilend betätigten anderen Wegeventil mit geringerem, in den Steuerleitungskreis eingespeistem Lastdruck bei nacheilendem Zuschalten des dem Rückschlagventil zugeordneten Wegeventils, das gegebenenfalls einen höheren Lastdruck ansteuert, keine Stufe in der Druckanhebung aufgrund dieses höheren Lastdruckes auftritt, was für die anderen Wegeventile bzw. deren Verbraucher gefährlich wäre. Es wird vielmehr dann durch das Rückschlagventil das Wegeventil mit dem höheren Lastdruck vom Steuerleitungskreis abgekuppelt und der Druck im Steuerleitungskreis mit dem niedrigeren, dann Vorrang habenden Lastdruck gesteuert. Insbesondere bei Hub- oder Gabelstaplern ist dies eine außerordentlich wichtige Eigenschaft der Steuervorrichtung, weil dort üblicherweise der Hebezylinder mit dem höchsten Lastdruck arbeitet, während Neige- oder andere Hilfszylinder mit geringeren Lastdrücken arbeiten müssen. Es käme zu einer gefährlichen Wechselwirkung, wenn der höhere Lastdruck nicht am Rückschlagventil abgefangen würde.A further, expedient embodiment of the subject matter of the invention, in which several directional valves are connected in parallel to the pump line and the control line circuit, can be seen from claim 7. With this design, the check valve not only prevents the load from dropping due to pressure medium possibly pushed back into the control line circuit, but also ensures that one which is actuated prematurely Directional control valve with a lower load pressure fed into the control line circuit when the directional control valve assigned to the check valve is subsequently switched on, which may control a higher load pressure, no step occurs in the pressure increase due to this higher load pressure, which would be dangerous for the other directional control valves or their consumers. Rather, the check valve then uncouples the directional valve with the higher load pressure from the control line circuit and controls the pressure in the control line circuit with the lower, then priority load pressure. This is an extremely important property of the control device, in particular in the case of forklift trucks or forklifts, because there the lifting cylinder usually works with the highest load pressure, while tilting cylinders or other auxiliary cylinders have to work with lower load pressures. There would be a dangerous interaction if the higher load pressure were not intercepted at the check valve.

Zweckmäßig ist ferner die Ausführungsform gemäß Anspruch 8, weil mit dieser Ausbildung des Rückschlagventils diesem eine Doppelfunktion zugewiesen wird, indem es sowohl die zweite Drosselstelle bildet als auch das Zurückwirken des unter Umständen störenden hohen Lastdrucks in den Steuerleitungskreis unterbindet. Dies ist auch eine herstellungstechnisch günstige Maßnahme.The embodiment according to claim 8 is also expedient, because with this configuration of the check valve, it is assigned a double function by both forming the second throttle point and preventing the backward effect of the possibly disturbing high load pressure in the control line circuit. This is also a measure that is favorable in terms of production technology.

In der Praxis, insbesondere für Hub- und Gabelstapler, hat sich die Ausführungsform gemäß Anspruch 9 als besonders zweckmäßig erwiesen. Ab ca. 80% des Hubweges des Steuergliedes des Wegeventils wird nämlich in der Praxis erst eine hohe Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Pumpenleitungsdruck und dem Verbraucherleitungsdruck benötigt. Zuvor bedeutete diese hohe Druckdifferenz nur eine Energievergeudung, die zu Lasten der Temperatur des Druckmittels geht und dessen mechanische Belastung überflüssigerweise erhöht.In practice, in particular for lift trucks and forklifts, the embodiment according to claim 9 has proven to be particularly useful. From approximately 80% of the stroke of the control element of the directional control valve, a high pressure difference between the pump line pressure and the consumer line pressure is only required in practice. Previously, this high pressure differential only meant a waste of energy that is at the expense of the temperature of the pressure medium and increases its mechanical load unnecessarily.

Eine weitere, vereinfachte Ausführungsform geht schließlich aus Anspruch 10 hervor. Bei dieser Ausbildung ergibt sich eine besonders zweckmäßige Unterbringung der zweiten Drosselstelle, die es auch ermöglicht, für nur eine Arbeitsrichtung des Verbrauchers die Druckanhebung zu steuern. Denkbar wäre es ferner, den Querschnitt der Anzapfungs-Leitung so klein zu wählen, daß diese als zweite Drosselstelle im Steuerleitungskreis fungiert.A further, simplified embodiment finally emerges from claim 10. This configuration results in a particularly expedient accommodation of the second throttle point, which also makes it possible to control the pressure increase for only one working direction of the consumer. It would also be conceivable to choose the cross-section of the tapping line so small that it functions as a second throttle point in the control line circuit.

Anhand der Zeichnung werden nachstehend Ausführungsformen des Erfindungsgegenstandes erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Schaltbild einer ersten Ausführungsform einer hyraulischen Steuervorrichtung,
Fig. 2
ein Schaltbild einer zweiten Ausführungsform einer hydraulischen Steuervorrichtung,
Fig. 3
einen Teil einer weiteren Ausführungsform in einem Schaltbild und in vereinfachter Darstellung,
Fig. 3a
ein Detail einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante und
Fig. 4
ein Diagramm zur Verdeutlichung der Arbeitsweise der Steuervorrichtungen gemäß den vorhergehenden Figuren.
Embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are explained below with the aid of the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
1 shows a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of a hydraulic control device,
Fig. 2
1 shows a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of a hydraulic control device,
Fig. 3
part of a further embodiment in a circuit diagram and in a simplified representation,
Fig. 3a
a detail of a further embodiment variant and
Fig. 4
a diagram illustrating the operation of the control devices according to the preceding figures.

Eine hydraulische Steuervorrichtung 1A gemäß Fig. 1, die beispiels für einen Hub- oder Gabelstapler bestimmt ist, enthält drei Wegeventile 2, 3 und 3′, die zueinander parallel an eine Pumpenleitung 4 angeschlossen und aus einer Druckquelle, z.B. einer Konstantpumpe, mit Druckmittel versorgt werden. In der Pumpenleitung 4 ist vor jedem Wegeventil 2, 3 und 3′ ein Rückschlagventil 5 vorgesehen. Die Wegeventile 2, 3, 3′ sind an eine gemeinsame Rücklaufleitung 6 zu einem Tank angeschlossen. In der Pumpenleitung 4 ist eine Druckwaage 7 üblicher Bauart vorgesehen, die einen Schieber 8 enthält, der zwischen einer Absperrstellung (Fig. 1) und einer Durchgangsstellung stufenlos verstellbar ist und über eine Leitung 10 eine direkte, mehr oder weniger gedrosselte Verbindung von der Pumpenleitung 4 zur Rücklaufleitung 6 herstellen kann. Der Schieber 8 der Druckwaage 7 wird von einer Feder 9 in Richtung auf seine Sperrstellung belastet, die sehr schwach ist (möglichst geringer Umlaufdruck).A hydraulic control device 1A according to Fig. 1, which is intended for example for a forklift or forklift truck, contains three directional control valves 2, 3 and 3 ', which are connected in parallel to one another to a pump line 4 and from a pressure source, e.g. a constant pump, are supplied with pressure medium. In the pump line 4, a check valve 5 is provided in front of each directional valve 2, 3 and 3 '. The directional control valves 2, 3, 3 'are connected to a common return line 6 to a tank. A pressure compensator 7 of conventional design is provided in the pump line 4, which contains a slide 8 which is infinitely adjustable between a shut-off position (FIG. 1) and a passage position and a direct, more or less throttled connection from the pump line 4 via a line 10 to the return line 6 can produce. The slide 8 of the pressure compensator 7 is loaded by a spring 9 in the direction of its blocking position, which is very weak (circulation pressure as low as possible).

Ein Steuerleitungskreis besteht aus einer ersten Steuerleitung 11, einer zweiten Steuerleitung 12, einer dritten Steuerleitung 34 und einem an die erste Steuerleitung 11 bei 29 angeschlossenen Steuerleitungskreisteil 30. Die erste Steuerleitung 11 zweigt von der Pumpenleitung 4 ab und führt zum Wegeventil 2 und über dieses über die weiteren Wegeventile 3 und 3′ zum Rücklauf. In jedem Wegeventil enthält eine verstellbares Steuerglied 17 einen Durchgangskanal 28, der in der Neutralstellung die erste Steuerleitung 11 mit der Rücklaufleitung 6 verbindet. Die zweite Steuerleitung 12 führt von der Federseite der Druckwaage 7 zunächst zu einer Verbindungsstelle 13 mit der ersten Steuerleitung 11 und von der Verbindungsstelle 13 zum Wegeventil 2. In der ersten Steuerleitung 11 ist zwischen der Pumpenleitung 4 und der Verbindungsstelle 13 eine erste Drosselstelle 14 vorgesehen. In der zweiten Steuerleitung 12 ist zwischen der Kreuzungsstelle 13 und dem Wegeventil 2 eine zweite Drosselstelle 15 vorgesehen. Der Eingangsdruck der ersten Drosselstelle 14 wird mittels der dritten Steuerleitung 34 an die der Federseite gegenüberliegende Seite des Schiebers 8 der Druckwaage 7 übertragen. Der Eingangsdruck der zweiten Drosselstelle 15 ist über die zweite Steuerleitung 12 an der Federseite der Druckwaage 7 wirksam. Zwischen der Verbindungsstelle 13 und der zweiten Drosselstelle 15 ist in der zweiten Steuerleitung 12 ein Rückschlagventil 16 vorgesehen, das in Strömungsrichtung zum Wegeventil 2 offen ist. Die zweite Steuerleitung 12 ist hinter dem Rückschlagventil 16 in zwei Parallelzweige 12a und 12b aufgegabelt, deren jeder eine einen Teil der Drosselstelle 15 bildende Drossel 15a und 15b enthält. Die beiden Parallelzweige 12a und 12b sind an getrennte Lastdruck-Anzapf-Anschlüsse 20, 21 im Wegeventil 2 angeschlossen.A control line circuit consists of a first control line 11, a second control line 12, a third control line 34 and a control line circuit part 30 connected to the first control line 11 at 29. The first control line 11 branches off from the pump line 4 and leads to the directional control valve 2 and via it the other directional valves 3 and 3 'to the return. An adjustable control element 17 contains one in each directional control valve Through channel 28, which connects the first control line 11 to the return line 6 in the neutral position. The second control line 12 leads from the spring side of the pressure compensator 7 to a connection point 13 with the first control line 11 and from the connection point 13 to the directional control valve 2. A first throttle point 14 is provided in the first control line 11 between the pump line 4 and the connection point 13. A second throttle point 15 is provided in the second control line 12 between the crossing point 13 and the directional control valve 2. The input pressure of the first throttle point 14 is transmitted by means of the third control line 34 to the side of the slide 8 of the pressure compensator 7 opposite the spring side. The input pressure of the second throttle point 15 is effective via the second control line 12 on the spring side of the pressure compensator 7. A check valve 16 is provided in the second control line 12 between the connection point 13 and the second throttle point 15 and is open in the direction of flow to the directional control valve 2. The second control line 12 is forked behind the check valve 16 into two parallel branches 12a and 12b, each of which contains a throttle 15a and 15b forming part of the throttle point 15. The two parallel branches 12a and 12b are connected to separate load pressure tapping connections 20, 21 in the directional control valve 2.

Der Drosselquerschnitt der ersten Drosselstelle 14 ist bei dieser Ausführung größer als die Summe der Drosselquerschnitte der Drosseln 15a und 15b. Die Drossel 15b hat einen größeren Drosselquerschnitt als die Drossel 15a.In this embodiment, the throttle cross section of the first throttle point 14 is larger than the sum of the throttle cross sections of the throttles 15a and 15b. The throttle 15b has a larger throttle cross section than the throttle 15a.

Im Wegeventil 2 ist das Steuerglied 17 in konventioneller Weise aus der Neutralstellung in zwei Steuerstellungs-Endlagen verstellbar, wobei in Fig. 1 strichliert eine Zwischenstellung des Steuergliedes 17 angedeutet ist, in der dieses noch weniger als, z.B., 80% des Hubes in Richtung auf die erste Steuerstellungs-Endlage ausgeführt hat.In the directional control valve 2, the control member 17 is in conventionally adjustable from the neutral position in two control position end positions, with an intermediate position of the control member 17 is indicated in dashed lines in Fig. 1, in which this has performed less than, for example, 80% of the stroke in the direction of the first control position end position.

Das Wegeventil 2 dient zur Steuerung eines Verbrauchers, z.B. eines einfach wirkenden Zylinders 35, der im vorliegenden Fall der Hubzylinder einer Hubstaplers sein kann. Vom Wegeventil 2 führt eine Verbraucherleitung 3c zum Zylinder 35. Von der Verbraucherleitung 3 zweigt eine Anzapfungsleitung 18 zu einem Lastdruck-Anzapf-Anschluß 19 des Wegeventils 2 ab.The directional control valve 2 is used to control a consumer, e.g. a single-acting cylinder 35, which in the present case can be the lifting cylinder of a forklift. A consumer line 3c leads from the directional valve 2 to the cylinder 35. From the consumer line 3, a tap line 18 branches off to a load pressure tap connection 19 of the directional valve 2.

Im Steuerglied 17 ist ein Verbindungskanal 22 vorgesehen, der sich in zwei Äste 24, 25 gabelt, die gemeinsam mit einem Kanalteil 23 verbunden sind. Sobald das Steuerglied 17 über, z.B., 80% seines Hubes in Richtung auf die Endlage verfahren ist, wird der Gabelast 24 bzw. die Verbindung zum Anschluß 20 abgesperrt (bei 24a angedeutet). Es besteht dann nur noch die Verbindung zwischen dem Kanalteil 23 und dem Gabelast 25. Ferner ist im Steuerglied 17, wie üblich, ein Verbindungskanal 26 mit einer verstellbaren Drosselstelle 27 vorgesehen, der das Druckmittel von der Pumpenleitung 4 in die Verbraucherleitung 3c führt.In the control member 17, a connecting channel 22 is provided which bifurcates into two branches 24, 25 which are connected together to a channel part 23. As soon as the control member 17 has moved towards, for example, 80% of its stroke in the direction of the end position, the fork load 24 or the connection to the connection 20 is shut off (indicated at 24a). There is then only the connection between the channel part 23 and the fork load 25. Furthermore, in the control member 17, as usual, a connection channel 26 is provided with an adjustable throttle point 27, which leads the pressure medium from the pump line 4 into the consumer line 3c.

Der Kanal 28 des Steuergliedes 17 ist in der Neutralstellung auf Durchgang der ersten Steuerleitung 11 gestellt, und auch in der zweiten Steuerleitung b, in der das Druckmittel aus der Verbraucherleitung 3c direkt in die Rücklaufleitung 6 abströmen kann. Vom Leitungsteil 30 führt eine Hilfssteuerleitung 32 zu einem vorgesteuerten Druckbegrenzungsventil 33, mit dem der Systemdruck im Steuerleitungskreis begrenzt wird und das an die Leitung 10 zur Rücklaufleitung 6 angeschlossen ist.The channel 28 of the control member 17 is set to pass through the first control line 11 in the neutral position, and also in the second control line b, in which the pressure medium can flow out of the consumer line 3c directly into the return line 6. An auxiliary control line 32 leads from line part 30 to a pilot-controlled pressure relief valve 33, with which the system pressure in the control line circuit is limited and that is connected to line 10 to return line 6.

An das nächste Wegeventil 3 ist als ein Verbraucher ein doppelseitig beaufschlagbarer Zylinder 36 mit Verbraucherleitungen 3a und 3b angeschlossen, die aus der Pumpenleitung 4 wechselseitig beaufschlagbar sind. Die zweite Steuerleitung 12′ zum Wegeventil 3, die vom Leitungsteil 30 abzweigt, gabelt sich und führt zu jeweils einer Lastdruckanzapfung einer Verbraucherleitung 3a, 3b. Hervorzuheben ist hierbei, daß beim Wegeventil 3 in den Verbraucherleitungen 3a und 3b Drosseln 31 angeordnet sind, die die maximale Fördermenge begrenzen, so daß der Zylinder 36 nur mit einer beschränkten Geschwindigkeit bewegt werden kann. In der zweiten Steuerleitung 12′ ist ferner eine zweite Drosselstelle 15′ vorgesehen.Connected to the next directional control valve 3 as a consumer is a cylinder 36 which can be acted on on both sides and which has consumer lines 3a and 3b which can be acted upon alternately from the pump line 4. The second control line 12 'to the directional control valve 3, which branches off from the line part 30, bifurcates and leads to a load pressure tap of a consumer line 3a, 3b. It should be emphasized here that throttles 31 are arranged in the directional control valve 3 in the consumer lines 3a and 3b, which limit the maximum delivery quantity, so that the cylinder 36 can only be moved at a limited speed. In the second control line 12 ', a second throttle point 15' is also provided.

Das Wegeventil 3′, das bis auf die Drosseln 31 dem Wegeventil 3 entspricht, ist konventioneller Bauart und dient zur Steuerung eines doppelseitigen Zylinders 37. In der zweiten Steuerleitung 12′ zum Wegeventil 3′ ist wiederum die zweite Drosselstelle 15′ vorgesehen. Die Drossel 15b sowie die Drosselstellen 15′ haben, z.B. in dieser Ausführungsform, den gleichen Drosselquerschnitt.The directional control valve 3 ', which corresponds to the directional control valve 3 except for the throttles 31, is of conventional design and is used to control a double-sided cylinder 37. In the second control line 12' to the directional control valve 3 ', the second throttle point 15' is again provided. The throttle 15b and the throttle points 15 'have, e.g. in this embodiment, the same throttle cross section.

Die Steuervorrichtung 1A gemäß Fig. 1 arbeitet wie folgt:
In der dargestellten Neutralstellung aller Wegeventile 2, 3 und 3′ ist die Pumpenleitung 4 abgesperrt. Das in die erste Steuerleitung 11 einströmende Druckmittel gelangt über die Kanäle 28 direkt zur Rücklaufleitung 6. Die zweite Steuerleitung 12 ist somit entlastet, so daß der Eingangsdruck an der ersten Drosselstelle 14 über die dritte Steuerleitung 34 den Schieber 8 der Druckwaage 7 in die Durchgangsstellung drückt, wodurch das Druckmittel aus der Pumpenleitung 4 über die Leitung 10 unmittelbar in den Rücklauf strömt. Die Pumpe braucht im wesentlichen nur den durch die schwache Feder 9 erzeugten Strömungswiderstand zu überwinden.
The control device 1A according to FIG. 1 works as follows:
In the neutral position shown, all directional valves 2, 3 and 3 ', the pump line 4 is shut off. The pressure medium flowing into the first control line 11 reaches the return line 6 directly via the channels 28. The second control line 12 is thus relieved, so that the inlet pressure at the first throttle point 14 presses the slide 8 of the pressure compensator 7 into the open position via the third control line 34, as a result of which the pressure medium flows from the pump line 4 via the line 10 directly into the return line. The pump essentially only needs to overcome the flow resistance generated by the weak spring 9.

Sobald das Steuerglied 17 des Wegeventils 2 aus der Neutralstellung in eine Zwischenstellung (In Fig. 1 strichliert angedeutet) in Richtung auf die erste Steuerstellungs-Endlage verstellt wird, wird der zur Rücklaufleitung 6 offene Durchgang der ersten Steuerleitung 11 unterbrochen. Gleichzeitig verbindet der Verbindungskanal 22 die Anschlüsse 19, 20 und 21. Der Kanal 26 des Steuergliedes 17 verbindet die Pumpenleitung 4 mit der Verbraucherleitung 3c. Der Lastdruck in der Verbraucherleitung 3c hält das Rückschlagventil 16 in der Sperrstellung. In der zweiten Steuerleitung 12 baut sich ein Druck auf, der den Schieber 8 der Druckwaage in Richtung auf die Absperrstellung verschiebt. Daraufhin steigt der Druck in der ersten und auch in der zweiten Steuerleitung 11, 12 an, bis Rückschlagventil 16 öffnet und Druckmittel über die zweite Drosselstelle 15 und die Anzapfungsleitung 18 in die Verbraucherleitung 3c strömt. Aufgrund der Wirkung der ersten und zweiten Drosselstellen 14 und 15 steigt der Druck in der zweiten Steuerleitung 12 über den Lastdruck. Auch in der Pumpenleitung 4 wird der von der Druckwaage 7 eingestellte Druck höher als der Druck in der Verbraucherleitung 3c.As soon as the control element 17 of the directional control valve 2 is adjusted from the neutral position into an intermediate position (indicated by the broken line in FIG. 1) in the direction of the first control position end position, the passage of the first control line 11 open to the return line 6 is interrupted. At the same time, the connecting channel 22 connects the connections 19, 20 and 21. The channel 26 of the control element 17 connects the pump line 4 to the consumer line 3c. The load pressure in the consumer line 3c holds the check valve 16 in the blocking position. A pressure builds up in the second control line 12, which moves the slide 8 of the pressure compensator in the direction of the shut-off position. Thereupon the pressure in the first and also in the second control line 11, 12 rises until check valve 16 opens and pressure medium flows into the consumer line 3c via the second throttle point 15 and the tap line 18. Due to the action of the first and second throttle points 14 and 15, the pressure in the second control line 12 rises above the load pressure. In the pump line 4 too, the pressure set by the pressure compensator 7 becomes higher than the pressure in the consumer line 3c.

Der Eingangsdruck der zweiten Drosselstelle 15 ist an der Federseite der Druckwaage 7 wirksam, während der Eingangsdruck der ersten Drosselstelle 14 an der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Schiebers 8 wirkt. Die Druckwaage 7 regelt auf diese Weise lastdruckunabhängig die mit dem Steuerglied 17 eingestellte Geschwindigkeit des Zylinders 35. Der Eingangsdruck der zweiten Drosselstelle 15 resultiert aus dem Strömungswiderstand der beiden parallelen Drosseln 15a und 15b, so daß sich eine von der Druckdifferenz der beiden Eingangsdrücke und der Feder 9 bestimmte Druckanhebung ergibt.The input pressure of the second throttle point 15 is effective on the spring side of the pressure compensator 7, during the Input pressure of the first throttle point 14 acts on the opposite side of the slide 8. The pressure compensator 7 regulates the speed of the cylinder 35 set with the control member 17 independently of the load pressure. The input pressure of the second throttle point 15 results from the flow resistance of the two parallel throttles 15a and 15b, so that one of the pressure difference between the two input pressures and the spring 9 certain pressure increase results.

Sobald das Steuerglied 17 über, z.B., 80% seines Hubweges in Richtung auf die Steuerstellungs-Endlage hinausbewegt ist, wird der Gabelast 24a des Verbindungskanals 22 abgesperrt. Die Drossel 15b der zweiten Drosselstelle 15 ist damit umwirksam. Das Druckmittel in der zweiten Steuerleitung 12 strömt nur mehr durch die Drossel 15a, so daß der Strömungswiderstand ansteigt und mit ihm auch der an der Federseite der Druckwaage 7 wirksame Eingangssdruck. Der Druck in der Pumpenleitung 4 wird gegenüber dem Verbraucherdruck stufenartig weiter angehoben, damit schließlich bis zur Endlage des Steuergliedes 17 die gewünschte maximale Fördermenge erreicht wird. Die Drossel 27 im Steuerglied 17 fungiert dabei als Meßdrossel, während die Druckwaage 7 als Stelldrossel arbeitet, die die eingestellte Geschwindigkeit des Verbrauchers 35 lastdruckunabhängig steuert.As soon as the control member 17 has moved beyond, for example, 80% of its stroke in the direction of the control position end position, the fork load 24a of the connecting channel 22 is blocked. The throttle 15b of the second throttle point 15 is thus effective. The pressure medium in the second control line 12 only flows through the throttle 15a, so that the flow resistance increases and with it also the input pressure effective on the spring side of the pressure compensator 7. The pressure in the pump line 4 is gradually increased in relation to the consumer pressure, so that the desired maximum delivery rate is finally reached up to the end position of the control member 17. The throttle 27 in the control member 17 acts as a measuring throttle, while the pressure compensator 7 works as an adjusting throttle which controls the set speed of the consumer 35 independently of the load pressure.

Dabei bildet der Verbindungskanal 22 mit der einen Drossel 15 a bzw. mit den beiden parallelen Drosseln 15a und 15b eine Druckstufe D mit der eine stufenartige Druckanhebung erreicht wird.The connecting channel 22 forms with the one throttle 15 a or with the two parallel throttles 15a and 15b a pressure stage D with which a step-like pressure increase is achieved.

Wird das Wegeventil 2 in die andere Steuerstellung umgesteuert, so bleibt der Steuerleitungskreis drucklos und die Pumpenleitung 4 wird über die Druckwaage 7 unmittelbar mit dem Rücklauf verbunden. Das Druckmittel aus dem Zylinder 35 strömt in den Rücklaufkanal 6 ab.If the directional control valve 2 is reversed into the other control position, the control line circuit remains depressurized and the pump line 4 is connected directly to the return via the pressure compensator 7. The pressure medium from the cylinder 35 flows out into the return channel 6.

Wird bei in Neutralstellung belassenem Wegeventil 2 das Wegeventil 3 in eine seiner beiden Steuerstellungen verstellt, so arbeitet die Druckwaage 7 in Abhängigkeit von den Eingangsdrücken der ersten Drosselstelle 14 und der zweiten Drosselstelle 15′ in der zweiten Steuerleitung 12′ zum Wegeventil 3. Die Druckanhebung bleibt über den gesamten Arbeitsbereich des Wegeventils 3 annähernd gleich. Die maximale Fördermenge zum Zylinder 36 wird in jeder Arbeitsrichtung durch die Drosseln 31 begrenzt, z.B. auf 30 l/min.If the directional control valve 3 is adjusted in one of its two control positions when the directional control valve 2 is left in the neutral position, the pressure compensator 7 operates depending on the input pressures of the first throttle point 14 and the second throttle point 15 'in the second control line 12' to the directional control valve 3. The pressure increase remains approximately the same over the entire working range of the directional valve 3. The maximum flow rate to cylinder 36 is limited in each working direction by throttles 31, e.g. to 30 l / min.

Das gleiche gilt für eine Einzelbetätigung des Wegeventils 3′, für das die Druckwaage 7 dann in Abhängigkeit von Eingangsdruck an der ersten Drosselstelle 14 und an der zweiten Drosselstelle 15′ in der zweiten Steuerleitung 12′ arbeitet. Beim Wegeventil 3′ ist keine Begrenzung der maximalen Fördermenge vorgesehen.The same applies to a single actuation of the directional control valve 3 ', for which the pressure compensator 7 then works' in the second control line 12 'depending on the input pressure at the first throttle point 14 and at the second throttle point 15'. In the directional control valve 3 'there is no limit to the maximum flow rate.

Wird zusätzlich zum Wegeventil 2 auch eines der Wegeventile 3 oder 3′ oder beide betätigt, so hat der niedrigste Lastdruck Vorrang gegenüber den höheren Lastdrücken. Das heißt, führt, z.B., die Verbraucherleitung 3a des Wegeventils 3 den niedrigsten Lastdruck, so arbeitet die Druckwaage 7 in Abhängigkeit vom Eingangsdruck an der ersten Drosselstelle 14 und vom Eingangsdruck an der zweiten Drosselstelle 15′ des Wegeventils 3. Selbst wenn der Lastdruck am Rückschlagventil 16 höher wäre oder der Lastdruck beim Wegeventil 3′, so kann sich dieser höhere Lastdruck nicht auf das Arbeiten der Druckwaage 7 auswirken, da er über die zweite Drosselstelle 15′ beim Wegeventil 3 relativ zur Höhe des dort herrschenden Lastdrucks abgebaut wird. Dies ist insbesondere bei einem Hub- oder Gabelstapler zweckmäßig, bei dem beispielsweise das Wegeventil 3 den Neigezylinder steuert, bei dessen Bewegung sine geringe Geschwindigkeit eingehalten werden soll, auch wenn am Hubzylinder (Wegeventil 2) eine große Last ansteht. Da sich der in der Pumpenleitung 4 dann herrschende Druck nach dem Lastdruck beim Wegeventil 3 richtet, kann der Zylinder 35 keine hohe Last bewegen und kann auch über den hohen Lastdruck beim Wegeventil 2 nicht die Geschwindigkeit des Zylinders 36 gesteigert werden, selbst wenn der Benutzer des Gabelstaplers durch Betätigen des Wegeventils 2 versucht, die hydraulische Steuervorrichtung zu überlisten. Selbstverständlich könnte bei allen vorgesehenen Wegeventilen das Prinzip der stufenweisen Druckanhebung, ggfs. sogar für jede Verbraucherrichtung, angewendet werden.If, in addition to the directional control valve 2, one of the directional control valves 3 or 3 'or both is actuated, the lowest load pressure has priority over the higher load pressures. That is, leads, for example, the consumer line 3a of the directional control valve 3 the lowest load pressure, so the pressure compensator 7 works depending on the input pressure at the first throttle point 14 and the input pressure at the second throttle point 15 'of the directional control valve 3. Even if the load pressure at the check valve 16 would be higher or the load pressure at the directional control valve 3 ', this higher load pressure cannot affect the working of the pressure compensator 7, since it is reduced via the second throttle point 15 'at the directional control valve 3 relative to the level of the load pressure prevailing there. This is particularly useful in a forklift or forklift truck in which, for example, the directional control valve 3 controls the tilt cylinder, the movement of which is to be maintained at a low speed, even when a large load is present on the lifting cylinder (directional control valve 2). Since the pressure prevailing in the pump line 4 then depends on the load pressure on the directional control valve 3, the cylinder 35 cannot move a high load and the speed of the cylinder 36 cannot be increased even via the high load pressure on the directional control valve 2, even if the user of the Forklift tries to outwit the hydraulic control device by operating the directional valve 2. Of course, the principle of gradually increasing the pressure, possibly even for every consumer direction, could be applied to all the directional valves provided.

Die hydraulische Steuervorrichtung 1B gemäß Fig. 2 unterscheidet sich von der von Fig. 1 durch eine Abwandlung der Druckstufe D für den Eingangsdruck der zweiten Drosselstelle 15 bzw. die Federseite der Druckwaage 7. Die weiteren Elemente der hydraulischen Steuervorrichtung 1B entsprechen weitgehend den vorbeschriebenen, so daß darauf nicht mehr näher eingegangen wird.The hydraulic control device 1B according to FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 by a modification of the pressure stage D for the input pressure of the second throttle point 15 or the spring side of the pressure compensator 7. The other elements of the hydraulic control device 1B largely correspond to those described above that this will not be discussed any further.

Die zweite Steuerleitung 12 führt in Fig. 2 von der zweiten Drosselstelle 15, die von einer einzigen Drossel gebildet wird, deren Drosselquerschnitt kleiner als der der ersten Drosselstelle 14 ist, direkt zum einzigen Lastdruck-Anzapf-Anschluß 20 des Wegeventils 2′. Diesem benachbart liegt der Lastdruck-Anzapf-Anschluß 19 der Anzapfungsleitung 18. Im Steuergleid 17′ besteht der Verbindungskanal 22′ nur aus dem Ast 24 und der Verbindung 23. Ferner ist im Steuerglied 17′ zusätzlich ein durchgehender Verbindungskanal 40 vorgesehen, dem im Wegeventil 2′ an der Seite der Pumpenleitung 4 ein Steuerkanal-Einlaßanschluß 38 und diesem gegenüberliegend ein Steuerkanal-Auslaßanschluß 39 so zugeordnet sind, daß die Anschlüsse 38 und 39 erst bei einem vorbestimmten Hubweg des Steuergliedes 17′ in Richtung auf die erste Steuerstellungs-Endlage zu, z.B. ab 80% des Gesamthubes, verbunden sind. Im Hubweg des Steuergliedes 17′ zwischen der Neutralstellung und diesem vorbestimmten Hubweg (strichliert angedeutet) sind die Anschlüsse 38 und 39 getrennt. Von der Pumpenleitung 4 zweigt vor dem Rückschlagventil 5 ein Steuerzweigkanal 41 zum Anschluß 38 ab, und vom gegenüberliegenden Anschluß 39 ein Verbindungskanal 43 zu einer Kreuzungsstelle 44 mit der ersten Steuerleitung 11. Der Verbindungskanal 43 könnte auch an eine andere Stelle des Steuerleitungskreises angeschlossen sein. Im Steuerzweigkanal 41 ist eine Drossel 42 angeordnet, deren Drosselquerschnitt gleich dem Drosselquerschnitt der ersten Drosselstelle 14 ist.The second control line 12 leads in Fig. 2 from the second throttle point 15, which is formed by a single throttle, the throttle cross section is smaller than that of the first throttle point 14, directly to the single load pressure tap connection 20 of the directional control valve 2 '. This is adjacent to the load pressure tap connection 19 of the tap line 18. In the control panel 17 'is the Connection channel 22 'only from the branch 24 and the connection 23. Furthermore, a continuous connection channel 40 is also provided in the control member 17', in the directional control valve 2 'on the side of the pump line 4, a control channel inlet connection 38 and opposite this a control channel outlet connection 39 are assigned so that the connections 38 and 39 are only connected at a predetermined stroke of the control member 17 'in the direction of the first control position end position, for example from 80% of the total stroke. In the stroke of the control member 17 'between the neutral position and this predetermined stroke (indicated by dashed lines), the connections 38 and 39 are separated. A control branch channel 41 branches off from the pump line 4 upstream of the check valve 5 to the connection 38, and from the opposite connection 39 a connection channel 43 to an intersection 44 with the first control line 11. The connection channel 43 could also be connected to another point in the control line circuit. A throttle 42 is arranged in the control branch duct 41, the throttle cross section of which is equal to the throttle cross section of the first throttle point 14.

Bei einer Zwischenstellung des Steuergliedes 17′ zwischen der Neutralstellung und der ersten Steuerstellungs-Endlage ist über den Verbindungskanal 22′ die Anzapfungsleitung 18 mit der zweiten Steuerleitung 12 verbunden. Der Eingangsdruck der ersten Drosselstelle 14 wirkt an einer Seite des Schiebers 8, während der Eingangsdruck der zweiten Drosselstelle 15 an der Federseite des Schiebers 8 wirksam ist. Die Druckanhebung ist in Abhängigkeit von den Eingangsdrücken der Drosselstellen 14,15 wirksam, so daß der Druck in der Pumpenleitung 4 ein vorbestimmtes Maß den Druck in der Verbraucherleitung 3c überschreitet.With an intermediate position of the control member 17 'between the neutral position and the first control position end position, the tap line 18 is connected to the second control line 12 via the connecting channel 22'. The input pressure of the first throttle point 14 acts on one side of the slide 8, while the input pressure of the second throttle point 15 acts on the spring side of the slide 8. The pressure increase is effective as a function of the inlet pressures of the throttle points 14, 15, so that the pressure in the pump line 4 exceeds the pressure in the consumer line 3c by a predetermined amount.

Sobald das Steuerglied 17′ den vorbestimmten Hubweg überschritten hat, verbindet der Kanal 40 die Anschlüsse 38 und 39. Daraufhin wird zusätzlich über den dann offenen Strömungsweg 41, 42, 38, 40, 39, 43, 11 Druckmittel in den Steuerleitungskreis geführt. Aufgrund des zusätzlich zugeführten Druckmittels steigt der Strömungswiderstand an der ersten Drosselstelle 15 an, der an der Federseite des Schiebers 8 der Druckwaage 7 dafür sorgt, daß eine stärkere Abdrosselung im Strömungsweg von der Pumpenleitung 4 zur Leitung 10 erfolgt. Daraus resultiert ein wachsender Druckunterschied zwischen dem Druck in der Pumpenleitung 4 und der Verbraucherleitung 3c, der dafür sorgt, daß die maximale Fördermenge in der Verbraucherleitung 3c erreicht wird. Der an der ersten Drosselstelle 14 vorliegende Eingangsdruck, der den Schieber 8 entgegen der Feder 9 beaufschlagt, wird von dem in der zusätzlichen Strömungsverbindung in den Steuerleitungskreis strömenden Druckmittel nicht beeinflußt, weil die Drossel 42 den gleichen Drosselquerschnitt hat wie die erste Drosselstelle 14.As soon as the control member 17 'has exceeded the predetermined stroke, the channel 40 connects the connections 38 and 39. Thereupon, pressure medium is additionally guided into the control line circuit via the then open flow path 41, 42, 38, 40, 39, 43, 11. Due to the additional pressure medium supplied, the flow resistance at the first throttle point 15 increases, which on the spring side of the slide 8 of the pressure compensator 7 ensures that there is a greater restriction in the flow path from the pump line 4 to the line 10. This results in a growing pressure difference between the pressure in the pump line 4 and the consumer line 3c, which ensures that the maximum delivery rate in the consumer line 3c is reached. The inlet pressure present at the first throttle point 14, which acts on the slide 8 against the spring 9, is not influenced by the pressure medium flowing into the control line circuit in the additional flow connection, because the throttle 42 has the same throttle cross section as the first throttle point 14.

Wird das Steuerglied 17′ wieder in Richtung auf die Neutralstellung zurückbewegt, so werden die Anschlüsse 38 und 39 wieder getrennt, sobald das Steuerglied 17′ unter z.B. 80% des Hubweges gelangt. Dann wird bis zum Erreichen der Neutralstellung die geringere Druckanhebung eingesteuert.If the control member 17 'is moved back towards the neutral position, the connections 38 and 39 are separated again as soon as the control member 17' under e.g. 80% of the stroke travel. Then the lower pressure increase is activated until the neutral position is reached.

Die Zusammenarbeit mit den weiteren Wegeventilen 3 und 3′ erfolgt auf die gleich Weise wie anhand von Fig. 1 beschrieben, d.h. der jeweils niedrigste Lastdruck hat Vorrang gegenüber einem höheren Lastdruck, weil der Steuerleitungskreis über die Lastdruckanzapfung des Wegeventils mit dem geringsten Lastdruck jeden höheren Lastdruck abbauen kann. Sollte dabei das Wegeventil 2′ aus der Neutralstellung in Richtung auf die erste Steuerstellung verstellt sein, so sinkt der Druck in der Verbraucherleitung 3c trotzdem nicht ab, da das Rückschlagventil 16 dies verhindert.The cooperation with the other directional control valves 3 and 3 'is carried out in the same way as described with reference to Fig. 1, ie the lowest load pressure has priority over a higher load pressure because the control line circuit via the load pressure tap of Directional control valve with the lowest load pressure can reduce any higher load pressure. If the directional control valve 2 'is adjusted from the neutral position in the direction of the first control position, the pressure in the consumer line 3c will not decrease anyway, since the check valve 16 prevents this.

Bei der hydraulischen Steuervorrichtung 1C gemäß Fig. 3, bei der nur ein Wegeventil gezeigt ist, ist in der zweiten Steuerleitung 12 ein Vorspann-Rückschlagventil 45 angeordnet, das einerseits die zweite Drosselstelle 15 und andererseits des Rückschlagventil 16 der Ausführungsform von Fig. 2 in sich vereint. Der Verbindungskanal 22′ im Steuerglied des Wegeventils entspricht dem Verbindungskanal 22, der anhand von Fig. 2 erläutert wurde, und der die Anzapfungsleitung 18 sowohl in einer Zwischenstellung des Steuerglieds als auch in der Steuerstellungs-Endlage mit der zweiten Steuerleitung 12 verbindet. Eine Druckstufe ist bei dieser Ausführungsform nicht dargestellt.In the hydraulic control device 1C according to FIG. 3, in which only one directional control valve is shown, a preload check valve 45 is arranged in the second control line 12, which contains the second throttle point 15 on the one hand and the check valve 16 of the embodiment from FIG. 2 on the other hand united. The connecting channel 22 'in the control element of the directional control valve corresponds to the connecting channel 22, which was explained with reference to FIG. 2, and which connects the tap line 18 both in an intermediate position of the control element and in the control position end position with the second control line 12. A pressure stage is not shown in this embodiment.

Fig. 3A verdeutlich eine Detailvariante, bei der ein Vorspann-Rückschlagventil 45′ in der Anzapfungsleitung 18 von der Verbraucherleitung 3c zum Steuerglied 17 des Wegeventils untergebracht ist. Dies ist eine bauliche Vereinfachung, weil die zweite Steuerleitung 12 keine für die Druckanhebung verantwortlichen Organe zu enthalten braucht.Fig. 3A illustrates a detail variant in which a bias check valve 45 'is housed in the bleed line 18 from the consumer line 3c to the control member 17 of the directional valve. This is a structural simplification because the second control line 12 does not have to contain any organs responsible for the pressure increase.

Mit der Federvorspannung des Vorspann-Rückschlagventils 46 bzw. 45′ kann ein bestimmtes Druckgefälle über das Vorspannventil eingestellt werden, z.B. 15 bar. Wenn das Vorspannventil 45, 45′ so ausgelegt ist, daß die Federvorspannung veränderbar ist, so laßt sich der Eingangsdruck an unterschiedliche Bedingungen anpassen.With the spring preload of the preload check valve 46 or 45 ', a certain pressure drop can be set via the preload valve, for example 15 bar. If the bias valve 45, 45 'is designed so that the spring preload can be changed, the input pressure can be adapted to different conditions.

Aus dem Schaubild von Fig. 4 ist die Wirkung der Druckstufe D erkennbar. Auf der vertikalen Achse ist der Hubweg des Steuerglieds 17, 17′ des Wegeventils 2,2′ in Prozent aufgetragen. Auf der horizontalen Achse ist die Fördermenge Q angegeben. Die untere ausgezogene Kurve P(3) gibt den Druck in der Verbraucherleitung 3c an, während die obere, ausgezogene Kurve P(4) den Druck in der Pumpenleitung 4 zeigt. Die strichpunktierte Kurve T zeigt den Verlauf des Drucks in der Pumpenleitung 4 einer herkömmlichen Steuervorrichtung. Die schraffierte Fläche F repräsentiert die Energieeinsparung aufgrund der Wirkung der Druckstufe D.The effect of pressure stage D can be seen from the diagram in FIG. 4. On the vertical axis, the stroke of the control member 17, 17 'of the directional control valve 2.2' is plotted in percent. The delivery rate Q is indicated on the horizontal axis. The lower solid curve P (3) indicates the pressure in the consumer line 3c, while the upper, solid curve P (4) shows the pressure in the pump line 4. The dash-dotted curve T shows the course of the pressure in the pump line 4 of a conventional control device. The hatched area F represents the energy saving due to the effect of pressure stage D.

Aus dem Schaubild ist zu erkennen, daß der Druck P(3)in der Verbraucherleitung bei anfänglich kleiner Fördermenge zunächst ansteigt und dann annähernd linear verläuft, bis die maximale Fördermenge Qmax erreicht ist. Der Druck P(4) in der Pumpenleitung 4 steigt bei kleiner Fördermenge zunächst ebenfalls an, um dann im wesentlichen annähernd gleichbleibend mit einem höheren Wert zu verlaufen als der Druck in der Verbraucherleitung 3c (erste Stufe der Druckanhebung). Bei ca. 80% des Hubweges des Steuergliedes 17, 17′ wird die Druckstufe wirksam, worauf der Druck P(4) in der Pumpenleitung 4 und damit die Druckdifferenz zum Druck P(3) in der Verbraucherleitung 3c bis auf einen Maximalwert anwächst, der vor der maximalen Fördermenge Qmax erreicht wird (zweite Stufe der Druckanhebung). Bei üblichen Steuervorrichtungen dieser Art ist bereits bei geringen Fördermengen nahezu die volle Druckdifferenz zwischen den Drücken P(3) und T gegeben, während erfindungsgemäß der Druck P(4) in der Pumpenleitung 4 erst ab 80% des Hubweges des Steuergliedes 17, 17′ auf diesen maximalen Wert angehoben wird. Die schraffierte Fläche F ist diejenige Arbeit oder Energie, die aufgrund der Wirkung der Druckanhebevorrichtung eingespart wird. Die relativen Verläufe der Kurven des Schaubildes gemäß Fig. 4 lassen sich durch die gegenseitige Abstimmung der Drosselquerschnitte auf die jeweiligen Einsatzzwecke abstimmen. Die Abstimmung wird dabei stets so gewählt, daß bei kleinerer Fördermenge die Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Druck in der Verbraucherleitung 3c und dem Druck in der Pumpenleitung 4 ausreicht, auch bei einer raschen Betätigung des Wegeventils lastunabhängig die gewünschte Geschwindigkeit bzw. Fördermenge zu erreichen. Es wird jedoch bei kleinerer Fördermenge unterhalb der vorbestimmten Hublage des Steuergliedes b7, 17′ zu keiner Zeit maximal mögliche Druck in der Pumpenleitung 4 eingesteuert, sondern erst bei höheren oder höchsten Fördermengen.From the diagram it can be seen that the pressure P (3) in the consumer line initially increases when the delivery rate is initially small and then runs approximately linearly until the maximum delivery rate Q max is reached. The pressure P (4) in the pump line 4 initially also increases when the delivery rate is small, in order to then run essentially constant with a higher value than the pressure in the consumer line 3c (first stage of the pressure increase). At about 80% of the stroke of the control member 17, 17 ', the pressure stage becomes effective, whereupon the pressure P (4) in the pump line 4 and thus the pressure difference to the pressure P (3) in the consumer line 3c increases to a maximum value which before the maximum flow Q max is reached (second stage of pressure increase). In conventional control devices of this type, almost the full pressure difference between the pressures P (3) and T is already given at low flow rates, while according to the invention the pressure P (4) in the pump line 4 only from 80% of the stroke of the control member 17, 17 ' this maximum value is raised. The hatched Area F is the work or energy that is saved due to the action of the pressure lifting device. The relative courses of the curves of the diagram according to FIG. 4 can be matched to the respective purposes by mutually coordinating the throttle cross sections. The coordination is always chosen so that with a smaller delivery rate the pressure difference between the pressure in the consumer line 3c and the pressure in the pump line 4 is sufficient to achieve the desired speed or delivery rate regardless of the load even with a rapid actuation of the directional valve. However, when the delivery rate is smaller than the predetermined stroke position of the control element b7, 17 ', the maximum possible pressure in the pump line 4 is never activated, but only at higher or highest delivery rates.

Claims (10)

  1. Hydraulic control appliance (1A, 1B, 1C) having at least one directional valve (2, 2') which is fitted upstream of a consumption unit (35) and whose control element (17, 17') shuts off at least one consumption unit conduit (3c) in a neutral position and, in two control positions (a, b), alternately connects this consumption unit conduit (3C) to a pump conduit (4) or return conduit (6), having a pressure source which is connected to the pump conduit (4), having a pressure balance (7), which is connected to the pump conduit (4) and has a spool (8) loaded by a spring (9) in the direction towards the shut-off position, for the direct return into the return conduit (6) of the pressure medium delivered by the pressure medium source (P) and not required by the consumption unit (35) from the pump conduit (4), having a control conduit circuit branched off from the pump conduit (4), which control conduit circuit has a first, a second and a third control conduit (11, 12, 34, 30), the first control conduit (11) leading from the pump conduit (4) to a relief connection which is connected, in the neutral position of the directional valve (2, 2'), to the return conduit (6), whereas the second control conduit (12) leads from the spring side of the pressure balance (7) to at least one load pressure tapping connection (20, 21) of the directional valve (2, 2') and is connected to the first control conduit (11), the low pressure tapping connection (20, 21) being con-nected to the consumption unit conduit (3c) in at least one control position (a) of the directional valve (2, 2'), having a first throttle location (14) arranged in the first control conduit (11) before the connecting location (13) to the second control conduit (12) in the flow direction towards the directional valve (2, 2') the input pressure of which first throttle location (14) is transmitted via the third control conduit (34) to one end of the spool (8) of the pressure balance (7), and having a second throttle location (15, 15') arranged in the second control conduit (12) behind the connecting location (13), the inlet pressure of which second throttle location (15, 15') can, on adjustment of the control element (17, 17') out of the neutral position, be raised and transmitted to the spring end of the spool (8) of the pressure balance (7) via the second control conduit (12), characterized in that the inlet pressure of the second throttle location (15) can be raised in at least two steps by means of the control element ( 17, 17' ) of the directional valve ( 2, 2') as a function of its stroke in the direction towards one control position end location and before it reaches the end location.
  2. Hydraulic control appliance according to Claim 1, characterized in that the second control conduit (12) is divided behind the connecting location (13) into at least two parallel branches (12a, 12b), of which each contains a throttle (15a, 15b) as part of the second throttle location (15) and leads to a separate load pressure tapping connection (20, 21) of the directional valve (2), and in that a connecting passage (22), branching to both load pressure tapping connections (20, 21), of the tapping (18) is provided in the control element (17) of the directional valve (2), it being possible to shut off one branch (24) of the connecting passage (22) by means of the control element (17) before the first control position end location is reached.
  3. Hydraulic control appliance according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a control branch passage (41) leads from the pump conduit (4) to a control passage inlet connection (38) of the directional valve (2'), in that a connecting conduit (43) is provided from a control passage outlet connection (39) of the directional valve (2') to the first control conduit (11) or to the control conduit circuit, and in that a passage (40) is provided in the control element (17') of the directional valve (2') and this passage (40) connects the control passage connections (38, 39) in advance of the control position end location being reached during the stroke of the control element (17').
  4. Hydraulic control appliance according to Claim 2, characterized in that the two throttles (15a, 15b) in the parallel branches (12a, 12b) are configured to have different sizes, in that the sum of the throttle cross-sections of the two throttles (15a, 15b) is smaller than the throttle cross-section of the first throttle location (14), and in that the branch (24), of the connecting passage (22), leading to the larger (15b) of the two throttles (15a, 15b) can be shut off by the control element (17).
  5. Hydraulic control appliance according to Claim 4, characterized in that the first throttle location (14) has a diameter of 0.6 mm and the two throttles (15a, 15b) of the second throttle location (15) have diameters of 0.5 and 0.3 mm.
  6. Hydraulic control appliance according to Claim 3, characterized in that a throttle (42), whose throttle cross-section is equal to the throttle cross-section of the first throttle (14), is arranged in the control branch passage (41) or in the connection (43).
  7. Hydraulic control appliance according to at least one of Claims 1 to 6 in which a plurality of directional valves (2, 2', 3, 4) are connected in parallel to the pump conduit (4) and the control conduit circuit (11, 12, 30), characterized in that a non-return valve (16), which shuts off against the flow direction towards the directional valve (2, 2'), is arranged between the connecting location (13) and the second throttle location (15) in the second control conduit (12), at least in the case of the directional valve (2, 2') for the consumption unit (35) which is to be supplied with the highest pressure to be expected.
  8. Hydraulic control appliance according to Claim 3 or 7, characterized in that the second throttle location (15) is formed by a, preferably adjustable, spring-loaded preloaded non-return valve (45), which replaces the non-return valve (16).
  9. Hydraulic control appliance according to at least one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the inlet pressure of the second throttle location (15, 15') can be raised to the second stage from approximately 80% of the stroke displacement of the control element (17, 17') in the direction towards the first control position end location.
  10. Hydraulic control appliance according to at least one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the second throttle location (15) is arranged in a load pressure tapping conduit (18) between the consumption unit conduit (3c) and the control element (17) of the directional valve, preferably in the form of a spring-loaded preloaded non-return valve (45').
EP88109858A 1987-07-03 1988-06-21 Hydraulic control device Expired - Lifetime EP0297401B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88109858T ATE101899T1 (en) 1987-07-03 1988-06-21 HYDRAULIC CONTROL DEVICE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3722083 1987-07-03
DE3722083A DE3722083C1 (en) 1987-07-03 1987-07-03 Hydraulic control device

Publications (3)

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EP0297401A2 EP0297401A2 (en) 1989-01-04
EP0297401A3 EP0297401A3 (en) 1991-03-13
EP0297401B1 true EP0297401B1 (en) 1994-02-23

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EP88109858A Expired - Lifetime EP0297401B1 (en) 1987-07-03 1988-06-21 Hydraulic control device

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US (1) US4879945A (en)
EP (1) EP0297401B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6426002A (en)
AT (1) ATE101899T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3722083C1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3807583C1 (en) 1988-03-08 1989-03-09 Heilmeier & Weinlein Fabrik Fuer Oel-Hydraulik Gmbh & Co Kg, 8000 Muenchen, De
US4986071A (en) * 1989-06-05 1991-01-22 Komatsu Dresser Company Fast response load sense control system
US5081839A (en) * 1990-01-29 1992-01-21 Caterpillar Inc. Pressure compensated hydraulic system
SE469485B (en) * 1991-11-29 1993-07-12 Jan Lindholm PROCEDURE AND FLOW CONTROL VALVE STREAM FOR FLOW BALANCE
GB2501486A (en) * 2012-04-24 2013-10-30 Jc Bamford Excavators Ltd Work machine having a hydraulic system comprising variable orifice ratios
CN103754798B (en) * 2014-02-19 2017-06-20 上海梯佑叉车有限公司 A kind of semi-electric self-lifting loading and unloading car

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DE3425303A1 (en) * 1984-07-10 1986-01-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart HYDRAULIC CONTROL DEVICE
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6426002A (en) 1989-01-27
DE3887932D1 (en) 1994-03-31
US4879945A (en) 1989-11-14
EP0297401A2 (en) 1989-01-04
EP0297401A3 (en) 1991-03-13
DE3722083C1 (en) 1988-09-15
ATE101899T1 (en) 1994-03-15

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