EP0294790B1 - Dieselbrennkraftmaschinenzylinderkopf - Google Patents

Dieselbrennkraftmaschinenzylinderkopf Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0294790B1
EP0294790B1 EP88109148A EP88109148A EP0294790B1 EP 0294790 B1 EP0294790 B1 EP 0294790B1 EP 88109148 A EP88109148 A EP 88109148A EP 88109148 A EP88109148 A EP 88109148A EP 0294790 B1 EP0294790 B1 EP 0294790B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder head
lowerly
flat surface
head
delimits
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88109148A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0294790A1 (de
Inventor
Gianguglielmo Masuelli
Riccardo Tardi'
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Iveco SpA
Original Assignee
Iveco Fiat SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Iveco Fiat SpA filed Critical Iveco Fiat SpA
Publication of EP0294790A1 publication Critical patent/EP0294790A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0294790B1 publication Critical patent/EP0294790B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/26—Cylinder heads having cooling means
    • F02F1/36—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling
    • F02F1/38—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling the cylinder heads being of overhead valve type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/16—Indirect injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/247—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated in parallel with the cylinder axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/248—Methods for avoiding thermal stress-induced cracks in the zone between valve seat openings

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a diesel engine cylinder head particularly suitable for use in high-speed diesel engines with high specific power, in which very high temperatures are encountered in certain cylinder head regions.
  • a diesel engine cylinder head is known to comprise a plurality of precombustion chambers, the surfaces of which are formed partly in the head and partly on plugs, each of which is inserted into a corresponding seat provided in the head and is provided with a discharge bore to the corresponding engine combustion chamber.
  • the cylinder head there is also provided a plurality of air intake and exhaust gas discharge ducts to and from said combustion chamber, the ports of which are controlled by corresponding intake and exhaust valves.
  • the cylinder head is delimited lowerly by a flat surface arranged to rest on a corresponding flat surface of the engine block, the bores in the precombustion chamber plugs and the intake and discharge ducts opening into the flat surface which lowerly delimits the cylinder head.
  • DE-C-893 727 and 966 672 is described a diesel engine cylinder head comprising a plurality of precombustion chambers each of which is provided with a discharge bore to the corresponding engine combustion chamber.
  • a couple of grooves is provided in the lower surface of the head in order to connect the discharge bore with the air intake ducts and exhaust gas discharge ducts. This expedient is insufficient to avoid the above exposed drawbacks.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a diesel engine cylinder head which is able to operate correctly without the aforesaid drawbacks, event when used on high-speed diesel engines of high specific power in which temperatures of the aforesaid order are attained.
  • the present invention therefore provides a diesel engine cylinder head comprising:
  • the cylinder head according to the invention comprises a plurality of precombustion chambers 2, each of which is delimited by a surface portion 3 provided on the cylinder head itself, and surface portions 4 provided on corresponding plugs 5, each of which is inserted into a seat 6 in the cylinder head and is provided with a discharge bore 7 towards the corresponding combustion chamber 8 of the engine.
  • Said surface portions are conveniently portions of a spherical surface, so as to generate a turbulence in the flow of fuel injected into said chamber by a corresponding injector 9.
  • the fuel which commences its combustion in the precombustion chamber is projected into the combustion chamber 8 through the bores 7 in the plugs 5, where combustion is completed.
  • a preheating heater plug 10 is arranged to heat the inner region of the precombustion chamber during the engine cold start stage.
  • the cylinder head 1 there is also provided a plurality of pairs of air intake ducts 13 and exhaust gas discharge ducts 14 the ports of which are controlled by corresponding intake and exhaust valves 15 and 16 respectively.
  • the axes of the intake and discharge ducts are on opposite sides of the axis of the relative precombustion chamber, with respect to the cylinder axis, and said ducts are separated by a bridge of the same material as the cylinder head.
  • the cylinder head 1 is delimited lowerly by a flat surface 18 arranged to rest on a corresponding flat surface of the engine block 19.
  • the bores 7 of the plugs 4 and the intake and discharge ducts open into said flat surface of the cylinder head.
  • each cavity 20 extends from the lower edge 22 of one of the plugs 4 to the corresponding intake and discharge ducts 13 and 14 respectively, so that the cavity is at least partly delimited by the lower edge 22, as clearly shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • each cavity 20 extends from the lower edge 22 of one of the plugs 4 to the interior of the corresponding intake and discharge ducts 13 and 14, as can be seen from Figures 2 and 4. In this case the cavity extends into the material of the bridge 17 between the ducts 13 and 14.
  • Each of the cavities 20 is delimited lowerly by a flat surface 23 ( Figure 1) parallel to the surface 18 which lowerly delimits the cylinder head 1.
  • the cylinder head is provided with annular shoulders 25 each of which is arranged to form a stop for a corresponding annular projection on one of the plugs 4.
  • the distance between the surfaces 18 and 23 is less than the height of said projection measured in the direction of the axis of the plug 4.
  • the distance between said two surfaces is preferably less than 3 mm.
  • Each of the cavities 20 can be formed by chip-forming machining, such as milling. In the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2 this cavity is delimited laterally by portions 26 of a curved surface of revolution having its axis parallel to the axis of the engine cylinder. In the case of the embodiment illustrated, this axis coincides with the cylinder axis.
  • a cavity having such a form can be obtained by a cylindrical miller rotated about an axis coinciding with said cylinder axis.
  • each cavity is formed by a cylindrical miller which is rotated about an axis parallel to the surface 18 which lowerly delimits the cylinder head 1.
  • each cavity is delimited laterally by flat surface portions 27 ( Figure 4) and cylindrical surface portions 28 having the same axis as the miller.
  • combustion originates in the precombustion chamber 2 when, at the end of the compression stroke, atomised fuel is injected into said chamber by the injector 9. Part of the fuel burns in the precombustion chamber to produce a sudden pressure increase with the result that the as yet unburnt fuel is projected into the combustion chamber 8 through the bore 7. Combustion is completed in this second chamber.
  • each of the bores 7 which have their axis inclined to the cylinder axis, and this would tend to graze the surface 18 lowerly delimiting the cylinder head 1 if this were not provided with the cavities 20, and as it does in the case of cylinder heads of the prior art.
  • the lower surface 23 of each cavity 20 is at a certain distance from the surface 18 which lowerly delimits the cylinder head 1 and thus the flame leaving the bores 7 does not make direct contact with the surface 23, so substantially reducing the heat transfer from the flame to the cylinder head in the region lying between the precombustion chamber and the intake and discharge ducts 13 and 14.
  • each of the cavities 20 should be sufficiently large to include at least part of the bridges 17 between the intake and discharge ducts 13 and 14. In this respect, these regions are also critical and therefore only if the size of each cavity 20 is chosen so as to include the said regions can cracking and abnormal' deformation be prevented in them.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Dieselbrennkraftmaschinenzylinderkopf, mit:
    - einer Anzahl von Vorbrennkammern (2), deren Obeflächen (3,4) teilweise in dem Zylinderkopf und teilweise in Zapfen (5) ausgebildet sind, die jeweils in einen entsprechenden Sitz eingefügt sind, der in dem Zylinderkopf ausgebildet ist, und mit einer Auslaßbohrung (7) zu der entsprechenden Maschinenbrennkammer (8) versehen sind;
    - eine Anzahl von Paaren von Lufteinlaßleitungen (13), die sich zu der Brennkammer erstrecken, und Auspuffgasleitungen (14), die von der Brennkammer ausgehen, wobei die Öffnungen der Leitungen durch entsprechende Einlaß- und Auslaßventile gesteuert werden;
    - welcher Zylinderkopf auf der unteren Seite durch eine flache Oberfläche (18) begrenzt ist, die auf der entsprechenden flachen Oberfläche des Maschinenblocks (19) aufliegt, welcher Zylinderkopf mit einer Anzahl von Hohlräumen (20) versehen ist, die jeweils zwischen einer der Einlaßleitungen, einer der Auslaßleitungen und einer der Austrittsbohrungen (7) des Zapfens (5) liegen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hohlräume (20) teilweise in dem Material des Kopfes und teilweise in dem Material des Zapfens ausgearbeitet sind und nach unten durch eine flache Oberfläche (23) begrenzt sind, die parallel zu der Oberfläche (18) verläuft, die den Zylinderkopf nach unten begrenzt, wobei der Abstand zwischen den beiden Oberflächen weniger als 3 mm beträgt.
  2. Zylinderkopf nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Kopf mit ringförmigen Schultern (25) versehen ist, die jeweils einen Anschlag für einen entsprechenden ringförmigen Vorsprung an einem der Zapfen bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstand zwischen der ersten flachen Oberfläche (23), die den Hohlraum nach unten begrenzt, und der flachen Oberfläche (18), die nach unten den Zylinderkopf begrenzt, weniger als die Höhe des Vorsprungs des Zapfens ist.
  3. Zylinderkopf nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hohlraum seitlich durch Bereiche (26) einer gekrümmten Rotationsfläche begrenzt ist, deren Achse parallel zu der Achse des entsprechenden Maschinenzylinders verläuft.
  4. Zylinderkopf nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Hohlraum seitlich durch flache Oberflächenbereiche (27) begrenzt ist.
  5. Zylinderkopf nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder der Hohlräume durch einen Fräsvorgang hergestellt ist, bei dem das Material des Zylinderkopfes unterhalb der Oberfläche entfernt worden ist, die den Zylinderkopf nach unten begrenzt.
EP88109148A 1987-06-09 1988-06-08 Dieselbrennkraftmaschinenzylinderkopf Expired - Lifetime EP0294790B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT5339087U 1987-06-09
IT5339087U IT210778Z2 (it) 1987-06-09 1987-06-09 Testa per un motore diesel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0294790A1 EP0294790A1 (de) 1988-12-14
EP0294790B1 true EP0294790B1 (de) 1992-12-16

Family

ID=11282340

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88109148A Expired - Lifetime EP0294790B1 (de) 1987-06-09 1988-06-08 Dieselbrennkraftmaschinenzylinderkopf

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0294790B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3876689T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2036619T3 (de)
IT (1) IT210778Z2 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2957120B1 (fr) * 2010-03-05 2013-06-07 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Culasse de moteur a combustion interne

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE893727C (de) * 1951-02-02 1953-10-19 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Viertakt-Dieselmotor
DE966672C (de) * 1952-04-11 1957-08-29 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Viertakt-Dieselmotor
DE1053242B (de) * 1956-03-16 1959-03-19 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Zylinderkopf

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB512823A (en) * 1938-07-14 1939-09-26 Charles Wallace Chapman Improvements in or relating to internal-combustion engines of the fuel-injection compression-ignition type
GB609261A (en) * 1946-03-09 1948-09-28 Arthur Freeman Sanders Fuel-injection engines

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE893727C (de) * 1951-02-02 1953-10-19 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Viertakt-Dieselmotor
DE966672C (de) * 1952-04-11 1957-08-29 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Viertakt-Dieselmotor
DE1053242B (de) * 1956-03-16 1959-03-19 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Zylinderkopf

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0294790A1 (de) 1988-12-14
DE3876689D1 (en) 1993-01-28
IT210778Z2 (it) 1989-01-11
ES2036619T3 (es) 1993-06-01
DE3876689T2 (de) 1993-05-13
IT8753390V0 (it) 1987-06-09

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