EP0290347B1 - High output signal light, especially for motor vehicles - Google Patents

High output signal light, especially for motor vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0290347B1
EP0290347B1 EP88401103A EP88401103A EP0290347B1 EP 0290347 B1 EP0290347 B1 EP 0290347B1 EP 88401103 A EP88401103 A EP 88401103A EP 88401103 A EP88401103 A EP 88401103A EP 0290347 B1 EP0290347 B1 EP 0290347B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lens
deflecting
source
signal lamp
lamp according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88401103A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0290347A2 (en
EP0290347A3 (en
Inventor
Pierre Carel
Eric Blusseau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Vision SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Vision SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8706497A external-priority patent/FR2614969B1/en
Application filed by Valeo Vision SAS filed Critical Valeo Vision SAS
Publication of EP0290347A2 publication Critical patent/EP0290347A2/en
Publication of EP0290347A3 publication Critical patent/EP0290347A3/en
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Publication of EP0290347B1 publication Critical patent/EP0290347B1/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/008Combination of two or more successive refractors along an optical axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S43/255Filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S43/26Refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters not provided in groups F21S43/235 - F21S43/255
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/40Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the combination of reflectors and refractors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/04Refractors for light sources of lens shape
    • F21V5/045Refractors for light sources of lens shape the lens having discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lenses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a signaling light according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the known fire has a number of drawbacks.
  • the first is that it is unsuitable for producing a light with a large and homogeneous illuminating plate. More specifically, areas of the second lens that are furthest from the balloon receive, per unit of area or width, a quantity of light which is much less than that received by the areas of the second lens located just in front of the balloon .
  • the illuminating surface obtained therefore has a lack of uniformity with regard to the light intensity emitted, its regions of lateral edges radiating less light than the central region.
  • Document EP-A-0 098 062 also discloses a signaling light which includes a balloon lens which biases both the light rays emitted by the source horizontally and horizontally towards the globe.
  • the rays thus folded down by the ball are all oriented essentially parallel to the emission axis, so that it is not necessary to provide a second lens as in EP-A-0 193 294.
  • this another known fire implies that the balloon has a width substantially equal to that of the globe. Its construction is therefore in no way suitable for the production of a very wide fire.
  • the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks of the prior art.
  • a signal light comprises a source light such as a lamp 10 provided with a filament 12 of small dimensions, a first deflecting element 20 placed around and close to the source, a second deflecting element 30 of essentially flat shape and placed substantially transversely to the general direction of emission or optical axis xx of the light, as well as a closing globe (not shown).
  • a source light such as a lamp 10 provided with a filament 12 of small dimensions
  • a first deflecting element 20 placed around and close to the source
  • a second deflecting element 30 of essentially flat shape and placed substantially transversely to the general direction of emission or optical axis xx of the light, as well as a closing globe (not shown).
  • the first deflecting element 20 is here an element substantially in the form of a half-cylinder with a vertical axis passing through the filament 12 and comprising first of all on its internal surface a set of stepped ridges 22 each extending in a semicircle in a horizontal plane.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the section in question, of the "Fresnel" type.
  • the ridges 22 are stepped as indicated and shown, in the manner of a Fresnel lens, in order to reduce the size of the element and the amount of material necessary to make it.
  • the streaks 22 have the property of folding down each light ray coming from the source 12 in order to bring it back into an essentially horizontal plane (FIG. 3), without in itself affecting its orientation in bearing.
  • the deflecting element 30 preferably comprises on its inner surface, a succession of streaks 32, possibly reduced to prisms, so that all the rays coming from the element 20 are rabbatus by the element 30, while preserving the same angle of elevation substantially zero, to become substantially parallel to the x axis and thus participate in the desired concentrated beam.
  • the element constituting the globe for closing the fire preferably comprises on its inner surface a set of spherical balls or the like capable of effecting a slight diffusion of the beam of incident parallel rays, on the one hand, so that it respects a given photometry and, on the other hand, to give a good homogeneity to the beam, by eliminating in particular for an outside observer the striated aspect of the light which can be caused by the succession on the element 30 of the streaks and their spoils.
  • the elements 20, 30 and 40 have approximately the same height, equal to that of the illuminating surface of the light.
  • a first advantage of the present invention lies in the much greater recovery of the flux emitted by the filament.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown in Figure 1, in schematic form, the signaling light of Figures 1 to 3.
  • the balloon 20 is represented by a semicircle in dotted lines.
  • the globe not being illustrated, it can in certain cases be constituted by the lens 30 itself.
  • the basic idea of the present invention is also to use element 20 to convert a regular distribution of light on the angular plane, as it comes from filament 12, into a regular light distribution linearly along the inner surface of the lens 30 and therefore along the globe.
  • the balloon 20 has on its outside face the deflecting profile, constant whatever its height, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the balloon has on its inner surface, as already indicated, a set of ridges 22 in the form of horizontal semicircles, as shown in the vertical section in Figure 3, intended to deflect the light rays R6 from the filament so that they are folded up to the horizontal when arriving on the external face of the balloon as defined above.
  • each streak 24 having at least approximately the profile satisfying the distribution criterion as set out above, it will affect a quantity given light data corresponding to the angular extent that it covers vis-à-vis the source in the horizontal plane, a determined area of the globe, and it is understood that, from one streak to another, the ratio between the surface area of the concerned area of the globe and the luminous flux received is thus essentially constant.
  • FIG. 2 a set of light rays R5 has been drawn in FIG. 2 which, initially angularly equally distributed, are deflected by the balloon 20 so as to be finally equally distributed over the width of the globe.
  • the ridges 24 can each cover the same angular extent, but preferably, their respective widths are determined solely as a function of considerations relating to the thickness of the balloon, more precisely, it is fixed for the latter (in reality for its projection in the horizontal plane) a maximum thickness and a minimum thickness, and the curve is developed which meets the distribution criterion envisaged above so that, as soon as the maximum thickness (respectively minimum) is reached, a step is formed or rung, optically inert, to return to the minimum thickness (respectively maximum) and we then continue to develop the curve, and so on.
  • Each stripe is thus delimited by two successive steps, and has its own width.
  • the balloon is constituted by a set of individual deflecting elements, constituted on the inner side by a portion of one of the ridges 22 and on the outer side by a homologous portion of one of the ridges 24, each deflecting element receiving a determined quantity of luminous flux and deflecting the rays of this flux towards a biunovocally associated zone of the lens 30, so that the ratio between the flux received, proportional to the surface of said element, and the surface of said zone is essentially constant from one deflecting element to the other, that is to say that the luminance is essentially constant over the entire extent of the lens 30 and therefore of the globe.
  • the lens 30 has on its inner surface, as indicated, a set of prisms 32 with vertical generatrix. These prisms can however of course be arranged on the outer surface of the globe.
  • the set of streaks 32 may consist of a cylindrical Fresnel lens with vertical generator having a vertical focal line located at a determined distance behind the filament 12 of the lamp.
  • the ridges of curved profile 22, 24 formed inside and outside the balloon can be, as a first approximation, prisms.
  • prisms with total reflection will be provided.
  • FIG. 5 shows a first variant of this first embodiment of the invention.
  • the height of the lens 30 and of the globe or indicator is greater than that of the balloon 20, and the latter has, in axial vertical section, a curved profile whose concavity is turned towards the lamp 10, in order to recovering a higher amount of the flux emitted by the lamp up and down.
  • the flow recovered and straightened by the ball was between about -45 ° and + 45 ° on either side of the horizontal plane.
  • the recovered flux is between approximately -65 ° and + 65 °, which leads to an increase in the luminous flux.
  • the outer surface of the balloon 20 again comprises prisms or striations of the kind described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4, but which this time follow the curved profile of the balloon.
  • the horizontal ridges 22 formed inside the balloon are determined so as to each cover the same angular extent of the luminous flux from the filament, to return the considered part of the flux to an area of the globe having the same height: in FIG. 5, light rays R8 are angularly equally distributed in the vertical plane, which meet, after deviation, places of the lens 30 equally spaced in the direction of its height.
  • the relationship between the site angle ⁇ of a radius and the vertical coordinate of its meeting point with the globe, after deviation is essentially linear.
  • the homogeneity of the luminance is obtained not only in the horizontal direction of the globe, but also in the direction of its height.
  • prisms or streaks with a horizontal generator 34 are formed on the lens 30 to bring the light rays R8, emanating from the balloon 20 with a slight divergence, in a direction substantially parallel to the axis Ox.
  • These prisms can be arranged both on the interior surface and on the exterior surface of the globe.
  • intersection of the prisms 32 and 34 formed on the lens 30 will in practice give a set of prismatic blocks of determined inclinations.
  • FIG. 6 is a horizontal sectional view of another variant of this second embodiment of the invention, intended to better understand the basic principle of the invention.
  • the balloon 20 has on its inner surface streaks identical to the streaks 22 of Figures 3 and 4, but its outer surface is profiled in accordance with the theoretical calculations presented above, without stepping intended to minimize the excess thicknesses.
  • the deflecting surface 24 has, in the center region, a concave profile intended to separate the radii R9 on either side of the emission axis Ox, while the border regions are convex so instead concentrating the rays R9 towards the homologous border regions of the lens 30 and of the globe.
  • the change in the direction of deflection takes place here for an angle ⁇ of approximately 60 °.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic perspective view in which is illustrated the design of a signal light according to a second basic embodiment of the invention.
  • O indicates the location of the filament of the lamp
  • [O ', y, z] represents the plane of the closing globe
  • the balloon is diagrammed by a half-sphere of radius r.
  • each deflecting prism is constituted by the zone considered on the external surface of the balloon and by the homologous zone, in the form of a portion of sphere centered on the filament, and therefore not deviating, from its internal surface.
  • the lens 30 is subdivided into a set of elementary prismatic blocks such as 33, the prism shown operating in this case by total reflection.
  • the flux received by the deflecting block 23 is affected, and consisting of a spindle surrounding the radius R10 , at a predetermined location on the globe, corresponding approximately to block 33. More precisely, the orientation of the vector of block 23 is determined so that the initial radius R10, the orientation of which is determined by the azimuth angle ⁇ and the site angle ⁇ is deflected to meet the point of coordinates (y, z) of the globe, and the orientations of all normal vectors are determined so that there is an at least approximately linear relationship between the azimuth angle ⁇ and y, as well as possibly the site angle ⁇ and z, so that the luminance of the fire is homogeneous in the horizontal direction and if necessary (for a significant height of the exit window) in the vertical direction.
  • the ratio between the surface of a considered zone of the globe and the light flux received by this zone is essentially constant whatever the zone chosen.
  • the elementary prismatic blocks 33 can be replaced by prisms or streaks with vertical generatrix, as in the embodiment of FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • FIG. 8 and 9 an embodiment of a signaling light constructed in accordance with this second aspect of the invention.
  • the individual deflecting blocks 23 of the balloon 20 are grouped into lens-shaped elements, convex lenses in the horizontal plane for border zones of the balloon and in the vertical plane for its central zone, and concave lenses in the horizontal plane for its central zone also.
  • certain blocks located in this region can be designed to deflect the rays by total reflection.
  • the prisms 33 of the lens 30 can be designed in the same way in the border regions of the latter.
  • the signal light according to the present invention may further comprise, to further improve the recovery of the light flux, a mirror 50 located at the rear of the lamp and in the general shape of a hemisphere centered on the filament 12 (with the exception of course of the circular passage intended for the base of the lamp 10).
  • a mirror 50 located at the rear of the lamp and in the general shape of a hemisphere centered on the filament 12 (with the exception of course of the circular passage intended for the base of the lamp 10).
  • a mirror 50 located at the rear of the lamp and in the general shape of a hemisphere centered on the filament 12 (with the exception of course of the circular passage intended for the base of the lamp 10).
  • a mirror 50 located at the rear of the lamp and in the general shape of a hemisphere centered on the filament 12 (with the exception of course of the circular passage intended for the base of the lamp 10).
  • Such a mirror can of course also equip the signaling light of FIGS. 1 to 3 and 8, 9.
  • the prisms or striations 32 formed on the inner surface of the lens 30 have not been shown each time in order to bring the incident light rays back in a direction essentially parallel to the direction of Ox emission.
  • the drawings have also been simplified by omitting the globe provided, where appropriate, with dispersion balls or the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)

Description

La présente invention a trait d'une façon générale à un feu de signalisation selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The present invention relates generally to a signaling light according to the preamble of claim 1.

Un tel feu est connu d'après le document EP-A-0 193 294.Such a fire is known from document EP-A-0 193 294.

Ce feu connu présente cependant un certain nombre d'inconvénients. Le premier réside en ce qu'il est inadapté pour réaliser un feu à plaque éclairante large et homogène. Plus précisément, des zones de la seconde lentille qui sont les plus éloignées du ballon reçoivent, par unité de surface ou de largeur, une quantité de lumière qui est bien inférieure à celle reçue par les zones de la seconde lentille situées juste en face du ballon. La plage éclairante obtenue présente donc un défaut d'homogénéité quant à l'intensité lumineuse émise, ses régions de bords latéraux rayonnant moins de lumière que la région centrale.This known fire, however, has a number of drawbacks. The first is that it is unsuitable for producing a light with a large and homogeneous illuminating plate. More specifically, areas of the second lens that are furthest from the balloon receive, per unit of area or width, a quantity of light which is much less than that received by the areas of the second lens located just in front of the balloon . The illuminating surface obtained therefore has a lack of uniformity with regard to the light intensity emitted, its regions of lateral edges radiating less light than the central region.

On connaît également par le document EP-A-0 098 062 un feu de signalisation qui comporte une lentille formant ballon qui rabat à la fois horizontalement et verticalement les rayons lumineux émis par la source en direction du globe. Les rayons ainsi rabattus par le ballon sont tous orientés essentiellement parallèlement à l'axe d'émission, si bien qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de prévoir une seconde lentille comme dans EP-A-0 193 294. Mais en corrollaire, cet autre feu connu implique que le ballon présente une largeur sensiblement égale à celle du globe. Sa construction n'est donc nullement adaptée à la réalisation d'un feu de grande largeur.Document EP-A-0 098 062 also discloses a signaling light which includes a balloon lens which biases both the light rays emitted by the source horizontally and horizontally towards the globe. The rays thus folded down by the ball are all oriented essentially parallel to the emission axis, so that it is not necessary to provide a second lens as in EP-A-0 193 294. But as a corollary, this another known fire implies that the balloon has a width substantially equal to that of the globe. Its construction is therefore in no way suitable for the production of a very wide fire.

En outre, le feu selon ce document n'est nullement à même de corriger les défauts d'homogénéité de lumière mentionnés plus haut. En effet, dans la construction de la figure 2 de ce document, il apparaît que ce sont les zones latérales du voyant qui vont présenter l'intensité lumineuse la plus forte, au détriment de la zone centrale. Ainsi le feu selon EP-A-0 098 062 présente le même inconvénient que celui du document EP-A-0 193 294, mais d'une manière opposée.In addition, the fire according to this document is in no way capable of correcting the defects of homogeneity of light mentioned above. In fact, in the construction of FIG. 2 of this document, it appears that it is the lateral zones of the indicator which will have the strongest light intensity, to the detriment of the central zone. Thus the fire according to EP-A-0 098 062 has the same disadvantage than that of document EP-A-0 193 294, but in an opposite manner.

La présente invention vise à pallier ces inconvénients de la technique antérieure.The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks of the prior art.

Elle propose à cet effet un feu tel que défini en introduction, ayant les particularités de la partie caractérisante de la revendication 1.To this end, it proposes a light as defined in the introduction, having the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

Des aspects préférés de la présente invention sont exposés dans les sous-revendications.Preferred aspects of the present invention are set out in the dependent claims.

D'autres aspects et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description suivante d'une forme de réalisation préférée de celle-ci, donnée à titre d'exemple et faite en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe horizontale schématique d'un feu de signalisation sur laquelle est illustré le principe de la présente invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe horizontale schématique d'un feu de signalisation selon une première forme de réalisation pratique de l'invention utilisant ce principe,
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe verticale axiale schématique du feu de la figure 2,
  • la figure 4 est une vue en perspective détaillée d'une partie du feu de signalisation des figures 2 et 3,
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe verticale axiale schématique d'une première variante de réalisation du feu de signalisation des figures 2 et 3,
  • la figure 6 est une vue en coupe horizontale schématique d'une seconde variante de réalisation du feu de signalisation des figures 2 et 3,
  • la figure 7 est une vue en perspective schématique partielle d'un feu sur laquelle est illustré le principe de base pour réaliser un feu de signalisation selon une deuxième forme de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 8 est une vue en coupe horizontale schématique d'un feu de signalisation selon la deuxième forme de réalisation de l'invention, et
  • la figure 9 est une vue en coupe verticale axiale schématique du feu de signalisation de la figure 8.
Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will appear better on reading the following description of a preferred embodiment thereof, given by way of example and made with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic horizontal section view of a signaling light on which the principle of the present invention is illustrated,
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic horizontal section view of a signaling light according to a first practical embodiment of the invention using this principle,
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic axial vertical sectional view of the light of FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 4 is a detailed perspective view of part of the signaling light of FIGS. 2 and 3,
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic axial vertical sectional view of a first alternative embodiment of the signaling light of FIGS. 2 and 3,
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic horizontal section view of a second alternative embodiment of the signaling light of FIGS. 2 and 3,
  • FIG. 7 is a partial schematic perspective view of a light on which the basic principle is illustrated for producing a signaling light according to a second embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic horizontal section view of a signaling light according to the second embodiment of the invention, and
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic axial vertical section view of the signaling light of FIG. 8.

En référence tout d'abord aux figures 2 à 4, un feu de signalisation conforme à l'invention comprend une source lumineuse telle qu'une lampe 10 munie d'un filament 12 de petites dimensions, un premier élément déviateur 20 placé autour et à proximité de la source, un second élément déviateur 30 de forme essentiellement plate et placé sensiblement transversalement à la direction générale d'émission ou axe optique x-x du feu, ainsi qu'un globe de fermeture (non représenté).Referring firstly to Figures 2 to 4, a signal light according to the invention comprises a source light such as a lamp 10 provided with a filament 12 of small dimensions, a first deflecting element 20 placed around and close to the source, a second deflecting element 30 of essentially flat shape and placed substantially transversely to the general direction of emission or optical axis xx of the light, as well as a closing globe (not shown).

Le premier élément déviateur 20 est ici un élément sensiblement en forme de demi-cylindre d'axe vertical passant par le filament 12 et comportant tout d'abord à sa surface intérieure un ensemble de stries étagées 22 s'étendant chacune en demi-cercle dans un plan horizontal.The first deflecting element 20 is here an element substantially in the form of a half-cylinder with a vertical axis passing through the filament 12 and comprising first of all on its internal surface a set of stepped ridges 22 each extending in a semicircle in a horizontal plane.

Sur le plan optique, l'ensemble de ces stries 22 constitue une lentille de Fresnel torique d'axe de révolution vertical passant par le filament 12 et focalisée sur le filament. On peut rappeler qu'on entend par "torique" un volume de révolution engendré par une section qui tourne autour d'un axe contenu dans son plan.On the optical plane, all of these streaks 22 constitute a toric Fresnel lens with a vertical axis of revolution passing through the filament 12 and focused on the filament. It may be recalled that by "toric" is meant a volume of revolution generated by a section which rotates around an axis contained in its plane.

La figure 3 illustre la section en question, de type "Fresnel".FIG. 3 illustrates the section in question, of the "Fresnel" type.

Dans la pratique les stries 22 sont étagées comme on l'a indiqué et représenté, à la manière d'une lentille de Fresnel, afin de diminuer l'encombrement de l'élément et la quantité de matière nécessaire pour le réaliser.In practice, the ridges 22 are stepped as indicated and shown, in the manner of a Fresnel lens, in order to reduce the size of the element and the amount of material necessary to make it.

Ainsi, les stries 22 ont pour propriété de rabattre chaque rayon lumineux issus de la source 12 pour le ramener dans un plan essentiellement horizontal (fig.3), sans affecter en elles-mêmes son orientation en gisement.Thus, the streaks 22 have the property of folding down each light ray coming from the source 12 in order to bring it back into an essentially horizontal plane (FIG. 3), without in itself affecting its orientation in bearing.

L'élément déviateur 30 comporte, de préférence à sa surface intérieure, une succession de stries 32, éventuellement ramenées à des prismes, de telle sorte que tous les rayons issus de l'élément 20 sont rabbatus par l'élément 30, en conservant le même angle de site sensiblement nul, pour devenir sensiblement parallèles à l'axe x et participer ainsi au faisceau concentré recherché.The deflecting element 30 preferably comprises on its inner surface, a succession of streaks 32, possibly reduced to prisms, so that all the rays coming from the element 20 are rabbatus by the element 30, while preserving the same angle of elevation substantially zero, to become substantially parallel to the x axis and thus participate in the desired concentrated beam.

Enfin, l'élément constituant le globe de fermeture du feu, comporte de préférence à sa surface intérieure un ensemble de billes sphériques ou analogues aptes à effectuer une légère diffusion du faisceau de rayons parallèles incidents, d'une part, pour que celui-ci respecte une photométrie donnée et, d'autre part, pour donner une bonne homogénéité au faisceau, en supprimant notamment pour un observateur extérieur l'aspect strié de la lumière qui peut être occasionné par la succession sur l'élément 30 des stries et de leurs dépouilles.Finally, the element constituting the globe for closing the fire, preferably comprises on its inner surface a set of spherical balls or the like capable of effecting a slight diffusion of the beam of incident parallel rays, on the one hand, so that it respects a given photometry and, on the other hand, to give a good homogeneity to the beam, by eliminating in particular for an outside observer the striated aspect of the light which can be caused by the succession on the element 30 of the streaks and their spoils.

De préférence, les éléments 20, 30 et 40 ont approximativement même hauteur, égale à celle de la plage éclairante du feu.Preferably, the elements 20, 30 and 40 have approximately the same height, equal to that of the illuminating surface of the light.

Un premier avantage de la présente invention réside dans la récupération beaucoup plus importante du flux émis par le filament.A first advantage of the present invention lies in the much greater recovery of the flux emitted by the filament.

En effet, tous les rayons contenus dans l'angle solide du premier élément déviateur 20, vu de la source, vont participer utilement à la formation du faisceau.Indeed, all the rays contained in the solid angle of the first deflecting element 20, seen from the source, will usefully participate in the formation of the beam.

En pratique, une récupération de flux de l'ordre de 30 à 40%, selon la géométrie de l'ensemble du feu, peut être obtenue.In practice, a flow recovery of the order of 30 to 40%, depending on the geometry of the entire light, can be obtained.

On a représenté sur la figure 1, sous forme schématique, le feu de signalisation des figures 1 à 3. Le ballon 20 est représenté par un demi-cercle en traits pointillés. Le globe n'étant pas illustré, il peut dans certains cas être constitué par la lentille 30 elle-même. L'idée de base de la présente invention est d'utiliser également l'élément 20 pour convertir une répartition régulière de la lumière sur le plan angulaire, telle qu'elle est issue du filament 12, en une répartition lumineuse régulière linéairement le long de la surface intérieure de la lentille 30 et par conséquent le long du globe.There is shown in Figure 1, in schematic form, the signaling light of Figures 1 to 3. The balloon 20 is represented by a semicircle in dotted lines. The globe not being illustrated, it can in certain cases be constituted by the lens 30 itself. The basic idea of the present invention is also to use element 20 to convert a regular distribution of light on the angular plane, as it comes from filament 12, into a regular light distribution linearly along the inner surface of the lens 30 and therefore along the globe.

Cela signifie, en termes mathématiques, qu'il faut établir une relation linéaire entre l'angle d'azimut Θ d'un rayon tel que R₄ émanant du filament et la cote y du point de la lentille 30 rencontré par ce même rayon R₄ une fois dévié par l'élément optique 20. Dans le présent exemple, on considèrera que la déviation horizontale est à chaque fois effectuée par un dioptre plan 24 formé à la surface extérieure du ballon, qui comporte toujours les stries 22 (cf. figures 1 à 3) à sa surface intérieure.This means, in mathematical terms, that a linear relationship must be established between the azimuth angle Θ of a radius such as R que emanating from the filament and the dimension y of the point of the lens 30 encountered by this same radius R rayon a times deflected by the optical element 20. In the present example, it will be considered that the horizontal deflection is each time carried out by a plane diopter 24 formed on the external surface of the balloon, which always includes the ridges 22 (cf. FIGS. 1 to 3) on its inner surface.

On peut noter ici que, pour simplifier ce premier raisonnement, on se place dans un espace à deux dimensions constitué par le plan horizontal passant par le filament 12.We can note here that, to simplify this first reasoning, we place ourselves in a two-dimensional space constituted by the horizontal plane passing through the filament 12.

Ainsi, il faut vérifier la relation :

y = k. Θ   (1)

Figure imgb0001


où k = constante.So you have to check the relationship:

y = k. Θ (1)
Figure imgb0001


where k = constant.

Si l'on considère que la gamme angulaire O ≦ Θ ≦ π/2

Figure imgb0002
doit être affectée à la demi-largeur O ≦ y ≦ ℓ/2
Figure imgb0003
du globe, ℓ étant la largeur de ce dernier, il en résulte :

ℓ/2 = k. π 2 , d'où k = L π .
Figure imgb0004


   On en tire l'équation :

y = Θ π . ℓ avec - π 2 ≦ Θ ≦ π 2 .   (2)
Figure imgb0005


   En posant :

δ
: angle de la déviation impartie par le ballon 20 rayon lumineux R₄ ;
r
: rayon du ballon 20;
p
= distance entre le plan de la lentille 30 et le filament 12, on démontre que :

y = r sin ϑ +(p-r cos ϑ) .tg (ϑ + δ).   (3)
Figure imgb0006


en combinant les équations (2) et (3), il vient :

Θ π .ℓ = r sin Θ+ (p-r cos Θ).tg (Θ + δ) .   (4)
Figure imgb0007


soit
Figure imgb0008

   Cette relation biunivoque permet de déduire, pour chaque couple (Θ ,δ) bien déterminé, l'angle de la normale
Figure imgb0009
au dioptre plan, indiqué en 24, effectuant la déviation, en connaissant bien entendu préalablement l'indice de réfraction du milieu constitué par le ballon 20, pour que la déviation soit effectuée conformément au couple considéré.If we consider that the angular range O ≦ Θ ≦ π / 2
Figure imgb0002
must be assigned to the half width O ≦ y ≦ ℓ / 2
Figure imgb0003
of the globe, ℓ being the width of the latter, it follows:

ℓ / 2 = k. π 2 , hence k = L π .
Figure imgb0004


We get the equation:

y = Θ π . ℓ with - π 2 ≦ Θ ≦ π 2 . (2)
Figure imgb0005


By asking :
δ
: angle of the deviation imparted by the balloon 20 light ray R₄;
r
: radius of balloon 20;
p
= distance between the plane of the lens 30 and the filament 12, it is shown that:

y = r sin ϑ + (pr cos ϑ) .tg (ϑ + δ). (3)
Figure imgb0006


by combining equations (2) and (3), it comes:

Θ π .ℓ = r sin Θ + (pr cos Θ) .tg (Θ + δ). (4)
Figure imgb0007


is
Figure imgb0008

This one-to-one relationship makes it possible to deduce, for each well-defined couple (Θ, δ), the angle of the normal
Figure imgb0009
in the planar diopter, indicated at 24, performing the deflection, of course knowing beforehand the index of refraction of the medium formed by the balloon 20, so that the deflection is carried out in accordance with the torque considered.

Il est même possible de déterminer, par exemple par une méthode d'intégration en coordonnées polaires (ρ,ϑ), le profil de la surface extérieure du ballon 20 permettant d'effectuer, pour tout angle ϑ , la déviation correcte souhaitée.It is even possible to determine, for example by an integration method in polar coordinates (ρ, ϑ), the profile of the external surface of the balloon 20 making it possible to carry out, for any angle ϑ, the correct deviation desired.

Mais cette détermination conduit à des calculs imposants qu'il paraît superflu de reproduire dans le présent memoire.But this determination leads to imposing calculations which it seems superfluous to reproduce in this memoir.

De retour aux figures 2 à 5, le feu de signalisation représenté incorpore les principes tels qu'exposés plus haut.Returning to Figures 2 to 5, the signal light shown incorporates the principles as set out above.

Comme on peut l'observer sur la figure 4, le ballon 20 présente sur sa face extérieure le profil déviateur, constant quelle que soit sa hauteur, tel qu'illustré sur la figure 2.As can be seen in FIG. 4, the balloon 20 has on its outside face the deflecting profile, constant whatever its height, as illustrated in FIG. 2.

Afin de diminuer les surépaisseurs du ballon, sa surface extérieure a été développée, dans le plan horizontal, non pas en un profil continu tel qu'il est obtenu par la voie théorique sus-mentionnée, mais en un ensemble de stries individuelles étagées 24 définies chacune par le dioptre extérieur effectuant la déviation et le dioptre intérieur, non déviateur dans le plan horizontal, du ballon 20.In order to reduce the excess thickness of the balloon, its external surface has been developed, in the horizontal plane, not in a continuous profile as it is obtained by the above-mentioned theoretical route, but in a set of individual staged streaks 24 defined each by the outer diopter carrying out the deflection and the inner diopter, not deviating in the horizontal plane, of the balloon 20.

Le ballon comporte à sa surface intérieure, comme on l'a déjà indiqué, un ensemble de stries 22 en forme de demi-cercles horizontaux, comme le montre la coupe verticale de la figure 3, destinées à dévier les rayons lumineux R₆ issus du filament de manière à ce qu'ils soient rabbatus jusqu'à l'horizontale en arrivant sur la face externe du ballon telle que définie ci-dessus.The balloon has on its inner surface, as already indicated, a set of ridges 22 in the form of horizontal semicircles, as shown in the vertical section in Figure 3, intended to deflect the light rays R₆ from the filament so that they are folded up to the horizontal when arriving on the external face of the balloon as defined above.

Si l'on considère maintenant le comportement du feu de signalisation dans un plan horizontal, on peut observer que, chaque strie 24 présentant au moins approximativement le profil satisfaisant au critère de répartition tel qu'exposé ci-dessus, elle va affecter à une quantité donnée de lumière reçue correspondant à l'étendue angulaire qu'elle couvre vis-à-vis de la source dans le plan horizontal, une zone déterminée du globe, et l'on comprend que, d'une strie à l'autre, le rapport entre la superficie de la zone concernée du globe et le flux lumineux reçu est ainsi essentiellement constant.If we now consider the behavior of the traffic light in a horizontal plane, we can observe that, each streak 24 having at least approximately the profile satisfying the distribution criterion as set out above, it will affect a quantity given light data corresponding to the angular extent that it covers vis-à-vis the source in the horizontal plane, a determined area of the globe, and it is understood that, from one streak to another, the ratio between the surface area of the concerned area of the globe and the luminous flux received is thus essentially constant.

On a tracé à cet égard sur la figure 2 un ensemble de rayons lumineux R₅ qui, initialement équirépartis angulairement, sont déviés par le ballon 20 de manière à étre finalement équirépartis sur la largeur du globe.In this regard, a set of light rays R₅ has been drawn in FIG. 2 which, initially angularly equally distributed, are deflected by the balloon 20 so as to be finally equally distributed over the width of the globe.

Les stries 24 peuvent chacune couvrir une même étendue angulaire, mais de préférence, leurs largeurs respectives sont déterminées uniquement en fonction de considérations relatives à l'épaisseur du ballon, plus précisément, on fixe pour celui-ci(en réalité pour sa projection dans le plan horizontal) une épaisseur maximale et une épaisseur minimale, et l'on développe la courbe répondant au critère de répartition envisagé plus haut de façon à ce que, dès que l'épaisseur maximale (respectivement minimale) est atteinte, on forme un décrochement ou échelon, inerte sur le plan optique, pour revenir à l'épaisseur minimale (respectivement maximale) et l'on continue alors à développer la courbe, et ainsi de suite. Chaque strie est ainsi délimitée par deux échelons successifs, et a une largeur propre.The ridges 24 can each cover the same angular extent, but preferably, their respective widths are determined solely as a function of considerations relating to the thickness of the balloon, more precisely, it is fixed for the latter (in reality for its projection in the horizontal plane) a maximum thickness and a minimum thickness, and the curve is developed which meets the distribution criterion envisaged above so that, as soon as the maximum thickness (respectively minimum) is reached, a step is formed or rung, optically inert, to return to the minimum thickness (respectively maximum) and we then continue to develop the curve, and so on. Each stripe is thus delimited by two successive steps, and has its own width.

On observe à cet égard sur les figures 2 et 4 que, dans la région centrale du ballon, où la déviation impartie aux rayons lumineux est relativement limitée, on trouve une strie convexe de grande largeur.In this regard, it can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 4 that, in the central region of the balloon, where the deviation imparted to the light rays is relatively limited, there is a very wide convex streak.

De façon analogue, et en observant qu'il existe une valeur de ϑ, en l'espèce de l'ordre de 45°, pour laquelle le sens de la déviation impartie aux rayons s'inverse, la déviation passant progressivement vers l'intérieur à mesure que ϑ augmente, il existe dans cette région une strie de grande largeur ayant la forme approximative d'une lentille convexe.Similarly, and observing that there is a value of ϑ, in this case of the order of 45 °, for which the direction of the deviation imparted to the rays is reversed, the deviation passing progressively inward as ϑ increases, there is a large width streak in this region having the approximate shape of a convex lens.

En résumé, on comprend que le ballon est constitué par un ensemble d'éléments déviateurs individuels, constitués du côté intérieur par une portion de l'une des stries 22 et du côté extérieur par une portion homologue de l'une des stries 24, chaque élément déviateur recevant une quantité de flux lumineux déterminée et déviant les rayons de ce flux vers une zone biunovoquement associée de la lentille 30, de telle sorte que le rapport entre le flux reçu,proportionnel à la surface dudit élément , et la surface de ladite zone soit essentiellement constant d'un élément déviateur à l'autre, c'est-à-dire que la luminance soit essentiellement constante sur toute l'étendue de la lentille 30 et donc du globe.In summary, it is understood that the balloon is constituted by a set of individual deflecting elements, constituted on the inner side by a portion of one of the ridges 22 and on the outer side by a homologous portion of one of the ridges 24, each deflecting element receiving a determined quantity of luminous flux and deflecting the rays of this flux towards a biunovocally associated zone of the lens 30, so that the ratio between the flux received, proportional to the surface of said element, and the surface of said zone is essentially constant from one deflecting element to the other, that is to say that the luminance is essentially constant over the entire extent of the lens 30 and therefore of the globe.

Afin de dévier à nouveau les rayons R₅ pour qu'ils soient essentiellement parallèles à la direction d'émission Ox, la lentille 30 comporte à sa surface intérieure, comme on l'a indiqué, un ensemble de prismes 32 à génératrice verticale. Ces prismes pourront cependant bien entendu être aménagés à la surface extérieure du globe.In order to deflect the rays R₅ again so that they are essentially parallel to the direction of emission Ox, the lens 30 has on its inner surface, as indicated, a set of prisms 32 with vertical generatrix. These prisms can however of course be arranged on the outer surface of the globe.

On observe que les prismes 32 les plus excentrés qui reçoivent des rayons lumineux fortement inclinés par rapport à l'axe d'émission, sont des prismes à réflexion totale, tandis que les prismes situés dans la région centrale du ballon opèrent par réfraction.It is observed that the most eccentric prisms 32 which receive light rays strongly inclined relative to the emission axis, are prisms with total reflection, while the prisms located in the central region of the balloon operate by refraction.

En première approximation, l'ensemble des stries 32 peut consister en une lentille de Fresnel cylindrique à génératrice verticale ayant une ligne focale verticale située à une distance déterminée en arrière du filament 12 de la lampe.As a first approximation, the set of streaks 32 may consist of a cylindrical Fresnel lens with vertical generator having a vertical focal line located at a determined distance behind the filament 12 of the lamp.

Bien entendu, de nombreuses variantes de réalisation peuvent être envisagées pour le ballon. En particulier, les stries de profil courbe 22,24 ménagées à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur du ballon peuvent être, en première approximation, des prismes. En outre, on prévoira chaque fois que cela s'avèrera nécessaire, si la déviation à effectuer est importante, des prismes à réflexion totale.Of course, many alternative embodiments can be envisaged for the ball. In particular, the ridges of curved profile 22, 24 formed inside and outside the balloon can be, as a first approximation, prisms. In addition, each time it proves necessary, if the deviation to be made is significant, prisms with total reflection will be provided.

On a représenté sur la figure 5 une première variante de cette première forme de réalisation de l'invention. Dans ce feu de signalisation, la hauteur de la lentille 30 et du globe ou voyant est supérieure à celle du ballon 20, et ce dernier présente, en coupe verticale axiale, un profil incurvé dont la concavité est tournée vers la lampe 10, afin de récupérer une quantité supérieure du flux émis par la lampe vers le haut et vers le bas. Plus précisément, dans la réalisation des figures 2 et 3, le flux récupéré et redressé par le ballon était compris entre environ -45° et +45° de part et d'autre du plan horizontal. Ici, le flux récupéré est compris entre environ -65° et +65°, ce qui conduit à un accroissement du flux lumineux.FIG. 5 shows a first variant of this first embodiment of the invention. In this signaling light, the height of the lens 30 and of the globe or indicator is greater than that of the balloon 20, and the latter has, in axial vertical section, a curved profile whose concavity is turned towards the lamp 10, in order to recovering a higher amount of the flux emitted by the lamp up and down. More specifically, in the embodiment of Figures 2 and 3, the flow recovered and straightened by the ball was between about -45 ° and + 45 ° on either side of the horizontal plane. Here, the recovered flux is between approximately -65 ° and + 65 °, which leads to an increase in the luminous flux.

La surface extérieure du ballon 20 comprend ici encore des prismes ou stries du genre de ceux décrits en référence aux figures 2 à 4, mais qui suivent cette fois-ci le profil incurvé du ballon.The outer surface of the balloon 20 again comprises prisms or striations of the kind described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4, but which this time follow the curved profile of the balloon.

On peut noter également que les stries horizontales 22 formées à l'intérieur du ballon sont déterminées de manière à couvrir chacune une même étendue angulaire du flux lumineux issu du filament, pour renvoyer la partie considérée du flux vers une zone du globe ayant même hauteur : on a tracé sur la figure 5 des rayons lumineux R₈ équirépartis angulairement dans le plan vertical, qui rencontrent,après déviation,des lieux de la lentille 30 équirépartis dans le sens de sa hauteur. En d'autres termes, la relation entre l'angle de site β d'un rayon et la coordonnée verticale de son point de rencontre avec le globe, après déviation, est essentiellement linéaire.It can also be noted that the horizontal ridges 22 formed inside the balloon are determined so as to each cover the same angular extent of the luminous flux from the filament, to return the considered part of the flux to an area of the globe having the same height: in FIG. 5, light rays R₈ are angularly equally distributed in the vertical plane, which meet, after deviation, places of the lens 30 equally spaced in the direction of its height. In other words, the relationship between the site angle β of a radius and the vertical coordinate of its meeting point with the globe, after deviation, is essentially linear.

En conséquence, l'homogénéité de la luminance est obtenue non seulement dans la direction horizontale du globe, mais également dans le sens de sa hauteur.Consequently, the homogeneity of the luminance is obtained not only in the horizontal direction of the globe, but also in the direction of its height.

Bien entendu, dans cette réalisation, des prismes ou stries à génératrice horizontale 34 sont formés sur la lentille 30 pour ramener les rayons lumineux R₈, émanant du ballon 20 avec une faible divergence, dans une direction sensiblement parallèle à l'axe Ox. Ces prismes peuvent être aménagés tant à la surface intérieure qu'à la surface extérieure du globe.Of course, in this embodiment, prisms or streaks with a horizontal generator 34 are formed on the lens 30 to bring the light rays R₈, emanating from the balloon 20 with a slight divergence, in a direction substantially parallel to the axis Ox. These prisms can be arranged both on the interior surface and on the exterior surface of the globe.

A cet égard, l'intersection des prismes 32 et 34 formés sur la lentille 30 donnera en pratique un ensemble de pavés prismatiques d'inclinaisons déterminées.In this regard, the intersection of the prisms 32 and 34 formed on the lens 30 will in practice give a set of prismatic blocks of determined inclinations.

On peut noter à cet égard que, dans le mode de réalisation de base des figures 2 et 3, une telle répartition du flux en direction verticale est relativement superflue en raison de la relativement faible couverture angulaire du ballon dans cette direction, et la solution adoptée ne conduit pas en pratique à des variations de luminance perceptibles dans la direction verticale du globe.It can be noted in this regard that, in the basic embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3, such a distribution of the flow in the vertical direction is relatively superfluous due to the relatively low angular coverage of the balloon in this direction, and the solution adopted does not in practice lead to perceptible variations in luminance in the vertical direction of the globe.

La figure 6 est une vue en coupe horizontale d'une autre variante de cette seconde réalisation de l'invention, destinée à mieux faire comprendre le principe de base de l'invention. Ici, le ballon 20 présente à sa surface intérieure des stries identiques aux stries 22 des figures 3 et 4, mais sa surface extérieure est profilée conformément aux calculs théoriques présentés plus haut, sans étagement destiné à en minimiser les surépaisseurs. On peut observer que la surface déviatrice 24 présente, dans la région du centre, un profil concave destiné à écarter les rayons R₉ de part et d'autre de l'axe d'émission Ox, tandis que les régions de bordure sont convexes de manière à concentrer au contraire les rayons R₉ vers les régions de bordure homologues de la lentille 30 et du globe. On notera également que le changement du sens de déviation s'opère ici pour un angle Θ d'environ 60°.Figure 6 is a horizontal sectional view of another variant of this second embodiment of the invention, intended to better understand the basic principle of the invention. Here, the balloon 20 has on its inner surface streaks identical to the streaks 22 of Figures 3 and 4, but its outer surface is profiled in accordance with the theoretical calculations presented above, without stepping intended to minimize the excess thicknesses. It can be observed that the deflecting surface 24 has, in the center region, a concave profile intended to separate the radii R₉ on either side of the emission axis Ox, while the border regions are convex so instead concentrating the rays R₉ towards the homologous border regions of the lens 30 and of the globe. It will also be noted that the change in the direction of deflection takes place here for an angle Θ of approximately 60 °.

On peut préciser qu'en pratique, notamment pour des raisons de coût et de commodité de fabrication , on préfèrera employer un ballon récupérateur et répartiteur 20 dans une version étagée.It can be specified that in practice, in particular for reasons of cost and manufacturing convenience, it will be preferable to use a collecting and distributing balloon 20 in a staged version.

La figure 7 est une vue schématique en perspective sur laquelle est illustrée la conception d'un feu de signalisation selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de base de l'invention.Figure 7 is a schematic perspective view in which is illustrated the design of a signal light according to a second basic embodiment of the invention.

Dans le repère orthonormé [O,x,y,z] tel que représenté, O indique l'emplacement du filament de la lampe, [ O',y,z ] représente le plan du globe de fermeture, tandis que le ballon est schématisé par une demi-sphère de rayon r.In the orthonormal coordinate system [O, x, y, z] as represented, O indicates the location of the filament of the lamp, [O ', y, z] represents the plane of the closing globe, while the balloon is diagrammed by a half-sphere of radius r.

Le principe de construction du feu de signalisalisation consiste à subdiviser le ballon en un ensemble de pavés essentiellement prismatiques élémentaires tels que 23, d'orientation déterminée par leur vecteur normal

Figure imgb0010
. De préférence, chaque prisme déviateur est constitué par la zone considérée à la surface extérieure du ballon et par la zone homologue, en forme de portion de sphère centrée sur le filament, et donc non déviatrice, de sa surface intérieure, De même, la lentille 30 est subdivisée en un ensemble de pavés prismatiques élémentaires tels que 33, le prisme représenté opérant en l'espèce par réflexion totale.The principle of construction of the signaling light consists in subdividing the balloon into a set of essentially elementary prismatic pavers such as 23, of orientation determined by their normal vector
Figure imgb0010
. Preferably, each deflecting prism is constituted by the zone considered on the external surface of the balloon and by the homologous zone, in the form of a portion of sphere centered on the filament, and therefore not deviating, from its internal surface. Similarly, the lens 30 is subdivided into a set of elementary prismatic blocks such as 33, the prism shown operating in this case by total reflection.

Selon l'invention, on affecte le flux reçu par le pavé déviateur 23, et constitué par un fuseau entourant le rayon R₁₀, à un emplacement prédéterminé du globe, correspondant approximativement au pavé 33. Plus précisément, l'orientation du vecteur

Figure imgb0011
du pavé 23 est déterminée pour que le rayon initial R₁₀, dont l'orientation est déterminée par l'angle d'azimut Θ et l'angle de site β soit dévié pour rencontrer le point de coordonnées (y,z) du globe, et les orientations de tous les vecteurs normaux
Figure imgb0012
sont déterminées de telle sorte qu'il existe une relation au moins approximativement linéaire entre l'angle d'azimut Θ et y, ainsi qu'éventuellement l'angle de site β et z, afin que la luminance du feu soit homogène en direction horizontale et le cas echeant(pour une hauteur importante de la fenêtre de sortie) en direction verticale. De la sorte, le rapport entre la surface d'une zone considérée du globe et le flux lumineux reçu par cette zone est essentiellement constant quelle que soit la zone choisie.According to the invention, the flux received by the deflecting block 23 is affected, and consisting of a spindle surrounding the radius R₁₀ , at a predetermined location on the globe, corresponding approximately to block 33. More precisely, the orientation of the vector
Figure imgb0011
of block 23 is determined so that the initial radius R₁₀, the orientation of which is determined by the azimuth angle Θ and the site angle β is deflected to meet the point of coordinates (y, z) of the globe, and the orientations of all normal vectors
Figure imgb0012
are determined so that there is an at least approximately linear relationship between the azimuth angle Θ and y, as well as possibly the site angle β and z, so that the luminance of the fire is homogeneous in the horizontal direction and if necessary (for a significant height of the exit window) in the vertical direction. In this way, the ratio between the surface of a considered zone of the globe and the light flux received by this zone is essentially constant whatever the zone chosen.

Dans le cas d'un feu de faible hauteur où il n'est pas nécessaire d'assurer une relation linéaire entre l'angle de site β et la coordonnée z, et où les rayons arrivant sur le globe sont relativement proches de l'horizontale, les pavés prismatiques élémentaires 33 peuvent être remplacés par des prismes ou stries à génératrice verticale, comme dans la forme de réalisation des figures 2 à 4.In the case of a light of low height where it is not necessary to ensure a linear relationship between the angle of site β and the coordinate z, and where the rays arriving on the globe are relatively close to the horizontal , the elementary prismatic blocks 33 can be replaced by prisms or streaks with vertical generatrix, as in the embodiment of FIGS. 2 to 4.

Bien entendu, l'homme de l'art, avec l'assistance éventuelle de moyens de calcul informatiques, est à même de concevoir un ballon et un globe dont les caractéristiques optiques répondent à la démarche exposée ci-dessus.Of course, those skilled in the art, with the possible assistance of computer computing means, are able to design a balloon and a globe whose optical characteristics meet the approach set out above.

On a représenté sur les figures 8 et 9 un exemple de réalisation d'un feu de signalisation construit conformément à ce deuxième aspect de l'invention. On peut observer que certains des pavés déviateurs individuels 23 du ballon 20 sont regroupés en des éléments en forme de lentilles, lentilles convexes dans le plan horizontal pour des zones de bordure du ballon et dans le plan vertical pour sa zone centrale, et lentilles concaves dans le plan horizontal pour sa zone centrale également.There is shown in Figures 8 and 9 an embodiment of a signaling light constructed in accordance with this second aspect of the invention. We can observe that some of the individual deflecting blocks 23 of the balloon 20 are grouped into lens-shaped elements, convex lenses in the horizontal plane for border zones of the balloon and in the vertical plane for its central zone, and concave lenses in the horizontal plane for its central zone also.

Bien entendu, dans le cas où une forte déviation doit être impartie aux rayons lumineux, notamment à la périphérie du ballon, certains pavés situés dans cette région peuvent être conçus pour dévier les rayons par réflexion totale. De même, les prismes 33 de la lentille 30 peuvent être conçus de la même manière dans les régions de bordure de ce dernier.Of course, in the case where a strong deflection must be imparted to the light rays, in particular at the periphery of the balloon, certain blocks located in this region can be designed to deflect the rays by total reflection. Likewise, the prisms 33 of the lens 30 can be designed in the same way in the border regions of the latter.

Comme on l'a représenté sur les figures 2, 3, 5 et 6, le feu de signalisation selon la présente invention peut comporter en outre, pour améliorer encore la récupération du flux lumineux, un miroir 50 situé à l'arrière de la lampe et en forme générale d'hémisphère centré sur le filament 12 (à l'exception bien entendu du passage circulaire destiné au culot de la lampe 10). De la sorte, les rayons émis par le filament vers l'arrière sont réfléchis par le miroir et passent au voisinage de la source pour venir renforcer le faisceau lumineux. Un tel miroir peut bien entendu équiper également le feu de signalisation des figures 1 à 3 et 8, 9.As shown in Figures 2, 3, 5 and 6, the signal light according to the present invention may further comprise, to further improve the recovery of the light flux, a mirror 50 located at the rear of the lamp and in the general shape of a hemisphere centered on the filament 12 (with the exception of course of the circular passage intended for the base of the lamp 10). In this way, the rays emitted by the filament towards the rear are reflected by the mirror and pass in the vicinity of the source to reinforce the light beam. Such a mirror can of course also equip the signaling light of FIGS. 1 to 3 and 8, 9.

En outre, pour éviter d'alourdir les figures, on n'a pas représenté à chaque fois les prismes ou stries 32 ménagés à la surface intérieure de la lentille 30 pour remener les rayons lumineux incidents dans une direction essentiellement parallèle à la direction d'émission Ox. Sur les figures 1 à 9, on a également simplifié les dessins en omettant le globe pourvu le cas échéant de billes de dispersion ou analogues.In addition, to avoid weighing down the figures, the prisms or striations 32 formed on the inner surface of the lens 30 have not been shown each time in order to bring the incident light rays back in a direction essentially parallel to the direction of Ox emission. In FIGS. 1 to 9, the drawings have also been simplified by omitting the globe provided, where appropriate, with dispersion balls or the like.

A cet égard, la lentille 30 et le globe peuvent être réalisés soit sous forme de deux éléments séparés, comme décrit, soit être fusionnés en un élément unique dans lequel les stries 32 ou pavés 33 sont réalisés à sa surface intérieure et les éventuelles billes à sa surface extérieure, ceci dans la mesure où les règlements l'autorisent.In this regard, the lens 30 and the globe can be produced either in the form of two separate elements, as described, or be merged into a single element in which the ridges 32 or blocks 33 are produced on its internal surface and the possible balls with its exterior surface, to the extent that the regulations authorize it.

Bien entendu, les principes de l'invention peuvent être mis en oeuvre dans des feux de signalisation de types quelconques, et en particulier feux de position, feux stop, feux clignotants indicateurs de direction, ou feux de recul.Of course, the principles of the invention can be implemented in signaling lights of any type, and in particular position lights, stop lights, direction indicators, or reversing lights.

Mais l'invention s'applique plus particulièrement à des feux de ce type ayant une grande largeur et/ou une grande hauteur, dans lesquels la lampe, par exemple pour des raisons d'encombrement, doit être relativement proche du globe, et qui doivent avoir un faible coût de fabrication.However, the invention applies more particularly to lights of this type having a large width and / or a great height, in which the lamp, for example for reasons of space, must be relatively close to the globe, and which must have a low manufacturing cost.

En particulier, l'invention a permis de réaliser des feux d'une profondeur de 80 mm seulement, avec une plage éclairante de 400 mm de large, d'aspect homogène et conforme aux règlements européens.In particular, the invention made it possible to produce lights with a depth of only 80 mm, with an illuminating surface of 400 mm wide, of homogeneous appearance and in accordance with European regulations.

Dans le cas où le faisceau lumineux doit présenter une couleur déterminée, telle que ambre ou rouge, cette couleur peut être fournie par l'élément déviateur 20 ou 30, teinté de façon appropriée. Ceci permet, par exemple pour des raisons d'ordre esthétique, de donner au globe un caractère au moins partiellement incolore.In the case where the light beam must have a determined color, such as amber or red, this color can be provided by the deflecting element 20 or 30, appropriately tinted. This allows, for example for aesthetic reasons, to give the globe an at least partially colorless character.

En outre, bien que l'on ait représenté sur la figure 4 un élément déviateur torique 20 s'étendant sur 180°, il est bien entendu que ce dernier pourra occuper un intervalle angulaire moindre, et correspondant au minimum à l'intervalle angulaire, dans le plan horizontal, sous lequel l'élément 30 est vu à partir de la source.In addition, although a toroidal deflecting element 20 extending over 180 ° has been shown in FIG. 4, it is understood that the latter may occupy a smaller angular interval, and corresponding at least to the angular interval, in the horizontal plane, under which the element 30 is seen from the source.

Par ailleurs, les divers éléments déviateurs seront disposés et adaptés par l'homme de l'art en fonction de chaque cas.Furthermore, the various deflecting elements will be arranged and adapted by those skilled in the art according to each case.

Enfin, la seconde lentille essentiellement plate décrite tout au long du présent mémoire pourra présenter une forme incurvée, par exemple pour s'adapter au profil de la carrosserie avoisinante du véhicule.Finally, the second essentially flat lens described throughout this specification may have a curved shape, for example to adapt to the profile of the surrounding bodywork of the vehicle.

Claims (9)

  1. A signal lamp for a motor vehicle, of the type comprising a light source (12) and deflecting means for directing the rays emitted by the source into a direction which is essentially parallel to a given general direction of emission (x-x), the deflecting means comprising a first lens (20) having the general shape of a balloon and disposed around and close to the source, and a second lens (30) having the general shape of a plate and disposed in front of the source (12) and first lens (20), transversely to the general direction of emission, the first lens including deflecting elements (22; 23) for directing, at least vertically towards the said second lens, the light rays received from the source, with the second lens (30) including deflecting elements (32; 33) for directing, at least horizontally, the light rays received from the first lens, into a direction which is essentially parallel to the said general direction of emission (x-x), characterised in that the first lens (20) further includes deflecting elements (24; 23) which constitute flux distributors for converting the distribution, homogeneous from the angular point of view, of the light rays received from the source (12), into a distribution, homogeneous from the linear point of view, of the light rays meeting the second lens (30) at least in the direction of the width of the latter.
  2. A signal lamp according to Claim 1, characterised in that the deflecting elements (24; 23) constituting flux distributors include a group of vertical prisms or ribs, the respective profiles of which are such that they establish an essentially linear relationship between the azimuth angle (ϑ) of a ray coming from the filament (12) and the coordinate in the horizontal direction of the point at which the said ray, being deflected by the first lens (20), meets the second lens (30).
  3. A signal lamp according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterised in that the deflecting elements (22; 23) of the first lens comprise a group of horizontal prisms or ribs (22), the respective profiles of which are such that they establish an essentially linear relationship between the elevation angle (β) of a ray coming from the filament (12) and the coordinate, in the vertical direction, of the point at which the said ray, being deflected by the first lens (20), meets the second lens.
  4. A signal lamp according to Claim 1, characterised in that the first lens (20) has essentially the shape of a hemisphere broken down into a group of elementary deflecting blocks (23), in that the second lens (30) is also broken down into a group of elementary deflecting blocks (33), in that the deflecting blocks (23) of the first lens are so determined as to establish an essentially linear relationship between the azimuth angle (ϑ) and the elevation angle (β) of the rays emitted by the source (12) and the horizontal and vertical coordinates (y, z), respectively, of the points at which rays meet the second lens, and in that the deflecting blocks (33) of the second lens propagate the rays coming from the first lens in a direction which is essentially parallel to the optical axis.
  5. A signal lamp according to Claim 4, characterised in that each deflecting block (33) of the second lens (20) is associated in one-to-one relationship with a deflecting block (23) of the first lens.
  6. A signal lamp according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the first or the second lens is made of a coloured transparent material.
  7. A signal lamp according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that it further includes, behind the first lens (20) and source (12), an essentially spherical mirror (50) centred on the said source.
  8. A signal lamp according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that it further includes, in front of the second lens, a globe (40) that includes optical dispersion elements (42).
  9. A signal lamp according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the second lens (30) constitutes the cover glass of the lamp.
EP88401103A 1987-05-07 1988-05-05 High output signal light, especially for motor vehicles Expired - Lifetime EP0290347B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8706497 1987-05-07
FR8706497A FR2614969B1 (en) 1987-05-07 1987-05-07 SIGNAL LIGHT WITH LARGE LIGHTING RANGE AND HOMOGENEOUS LUMINANCE, PARTICULARLY FOR MOTOR VEHICLES
FR8800260 1988-01-12
FR8800260 1988-01-12

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0290347A2 EP0290347A2 (en) 1988-11-09
EP0290347A3 EP0290347A3 (en) 1990-01-17
EP0290347B1 true EP0290347B1 (en) 1993-10-06

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88401103A Expired - Lifetime EP0290347B1 (en) 1987-05-07 1988-05-05 High output signal light, especially for motor vehicles

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US4859043A (en)
EP (1) EP0290347B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63285802A (en)
DE (1) DE3884664T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2047040T3 (en)

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EP1632710A2 (en) 2004-09-07 2006-03-08 Valeo Vision String shaped headlamp or signalling lamp comprising a stepped reflector
DE102005022979A1 (en) * 2005-05-19 2006-11-30 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Signal light for motor vehicles, has light source arranged in focal point of ellipsoid-shaped reflector section, so that reflected light beam is collected in other point, where light beam is parallelized in vertical plane by deflecting part

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2047040T3 (en) 1994-02-16
EP0290347A2 (en) 1988-11-09
US4859043A (en) 1989-08-22
DE3884664D1 (en) 1993-11-11
DE3884664T2 (en) 1994-02-03
EP0290347A3 (en) 1990-01-17
JPS63285802A (en) 1988-11-22

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