EP0288505B2 - Process for manufacturing powder for propulsive charges - Google Patents
Process for manufacturing powder for propulsive charges Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0288505B2 EP0288505B2 EP87906819A EP87906819A EP0288505B2 EP 0288505 B2 EP0288505 B2 EP 0288505B2 EP 87906819 A EP87906819 A EP 87906819A EP 87906819 A EP87906819 A EP 87906819A EP 0288505 B2 EP0288505 B2 EP 0288505B2
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- mass
- roller
- gelatinised
- extruder
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
- C06B21/0075—Shaping the mixture by extrusion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
- C06B21/0041—Shaping the mixture by compression
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing propellant powder, in particular dibasic POL powder, in which moist, in particular water-moist powder raw material by kneading at increased Temperature is homogenized and gelatinized, then the gelatinized mass and then the granulated Granules are pressed into powder strands by cutting and, if necessary, a final treatment to be processed into the finished powder.
- the kneading elements contains.
- the pressing process may even be seamless within the same extruder connect.
- the raw powder mass is thus converted into powder strands in one go.
- it is difficult to feed the extruder in the correct dosage in particular with water-moist raw material.
- the powder mass is high when kneading in the extruder in an enclosed space is exposed to thermal and mechanical stress. This means a significant security risk. In the event of spontaneous combustion, an explosion inevitably occurs.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned To indicate which is carried out continuously on the one hand, but on the other hand in a very reliable manner leaves.
- this object is achieved according to the invention in that that an open, friction-operated shear roller is used for kneading, in the area of one
- the powder raw mass is continuously added to the end of the shear roller and at the other end of the one of the two rollers of the shear roller continuously removes a layer of the gelatinized mass; advantageous embodiments of this method emerge from the subclaims.
- an open shear roller known per se is used for kneading used.
- the kneading process runs continuously on this.
- the raw powder mass is in the range of one End of the shear roller continuously added and then gradually to the other in the course of kneading Front end of the shear roller transported. This creates a shear roller on one of the two rollers Fur that is on the other end e.g. continuously removed by continuously cutting off a strip can be. Since the shear roller is open, the powder mass can ignite in the event of self-ignition at most to burn the fur, but not to explode.
- the granulation process is carried out directly after the kneading process connect. This can e.g. happen in such a way that by means of a pelletizing head at the decrease end of the The shear roller is punched out of the incoming fur granulate and transported away.
- the resulting granulate can be entered continuously in this. Then you have a production that goes from the addition of the raw powder mass to the creation of the powder strands entirely runs continuously. Since there is no kneading with its high thermal in the extruder used for the pressing and mechanical stress on the powder mass must take place or not take place there should be no unusual security problems here either. It is particularly favorable here that the The resulting granulate is fed directly to the extruder from the shear roller while it is still warm can. Since no long warm-up zones are then necessary in the extruder, this can be very short.
- propellant powder can be produced in a practically ideal manner.
- the process can run completely continuously, can be remotely controlled and monitored in the implementation, is far above average, also because there is only one relative on the shear roller small amount of product, and finally leads to a particularly high powder quality, in particular in terms of stability.
- the known shear roller or shear roller assembly 1 comprises two horizontally arranged side by side Rollers 2 and 3, which are driven in opposite directions in the direction of arrows 4.
- Each roller 2 and 3 has its own drive, which allows a stepless speed control, so that working with friction over the entire speed range is possible.
- the rear roller 2 in the figure is set hydraulically against the front roller 3.
- the nip is adjustable via the front roller 3 to a width between 0.5 and 5 mm.
- Both rollers 2 and 3 can by means of a heat transfer medium from the inside to a temperature between 20 and 120 ° C.
- the rollers 2 and 3 are each provided with spiral shear grooves 5, which are product-specific Have geometry that is expressed in the groove width, groove depth, pitch angle and number of shear grooves is coming.
- the scissor grooves 5 are designed so that the processed product continuously from that in the Figure front end, the feed end 6, is transported to the rear delivery end 7.
- a metering unit 9 is arranged, from which water-moist powder raw material for the production of two-base POL powder, which has a moisture content of approx. 30%, placed on the shear roller becomes. There, the raw powder mass is kneaded in the nip. A fur forms on the front roller 3 made of raw powder over the entire length of the roller. The two rollers are opened by means of the heat transfer medium held at an elevated temperature. A kneaded product pool collects above the nip from which the water is squeezed out. Because of the intensive kneading and transport effect of the shear roller 2, 3 shows the start of gelatinization after walking through about a third of the roller length with a gray-white coloring of the powder mass.
- the earth skin After two thirds of the length of the roller, the earth skin has become already discolored to a dark shade of gray. At the end of delivery 7, the bulk skin is finally gelatinized and appears transparent black.
- the temperature, the gap width of the nip and thus also the Nip pressure and the speeds of the two rollers 2 and 3 are chosen so that the gelatinized powder fur on Dispensing end still has a residual moisture of approx. 1%.
- the temperature of the two rolls is typically between 70 and 110 ° C.
- the temperature of the rear Roller is held a few degrees lower than that of the front one. This will cause the fur to adhere to the front Roller. It is advantageous to heat the two rollers in such a way that there is a temperature gradient in the axial direction results in a drop in temperature towards the end of delivery 7.
- the temperature difference between the end of the task 6 and end of delivery 7 is chosen so that the fur everywhere at about the same speed is transported further.
- a typical value for the temperature difference is 30 ° C.
- the speed of the rollers should be between 30 and 70 rpm, the front roller on which the fur is located being the higher Speed.
- a suitable steepness of the shear grooves 5 is between 30 to 60 ° relative to the roller axis.
- the shear grooves have the same slope over the entire length of the shear roller. So it can be advantageous to make the slope of the shear grooves near the feed end 6 smaller than that in the To make near the delivery end 7, so that initially a relatively longer dwell time behind the end of the task to achieve the fur, which allows a good squeezing of the water.
- the depth of the scissor grooves is expediently between 0.4 and 2.5 mm. Overall, the residence time of the powder bulk should between 3 and 8 minutes on the shear roller.
- a pelletizing unit below the two rollers 2 and 3 at the discharge end 7, by means of which the gelatinized powder mass continuously coming at the discharge end 7 continuously removed from the roller 3 in one operation and in the same operation is granulated.
- the still warm granulate 8 falls into the receiving funnel 11 of an extruder 10, in which the granulate is pressed into powder strands by a die 12.
- the extruder 10 has only one screw conveyor inside 13 and no kneading elements.
- the extruder is only shown schematically; in practice it can be trade a twin-screw extruder. Those that emerge continuously from the die or shaping nozzle 12 Powder strands are transported in a manner not shown on a treadmill into a cutting room and there continuously cut to the actual powder, which is then optionally subjected to a post-treatment.
- the extruder should have a length of at least 20 cm and be heatable and coolable.
- the shear roller 1 There are only 2-3 kg of powder on the shear roller 1. This is very convenient for security.
- the two rollers 2 and 3 are self-cleaning, so that a quick product change is possible.
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- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
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- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Treibladungspulver, insbesondere von zweibasigem POL-Pulver, bei welchem feuchte, insbesondere wasserfeuchte Pulverrohmasse durch Kneten bei erhöhter Temperatur homogenisiert und gelatiniert wird, anschließend die gelatinierte Masse granuliert und dann das Granulat durch Pressen in Pulverstränge überführt wird, die durch Schneiden und ggf. eine Endbehandlung zum fertigen Pulver verarbeitet werden.The invention relates to a method for producing propellant powder, in particular dibasic POL powder, in which moist, in particular water-moist powder raw material by kneading at increased Temperature is homogenized and gelatinized, then the gelatinized mass and then the granulated Granules are pressed into powder strands by cutting and, if necessary, a final treatment to be processed into the finished powder.
Es ist üblich, die Pulverrohmasse zum Homogenisieren und Gelatinieren bzw. Plastifizieren mittels Kalanderwalzen zu kneten. Dies ist jedoch nicht kontinuierlich, sondern nur chargenweise möglich. Auf einer der beiden Walzen des Kalanders entsteht ein Fell, das erst zu Ende geknetet und dann vollständig abgenommen werden muß, bevor neue Pulverrohmasse zugeführt werden kann.It is common to use powder raw material for homogenizing and gelatinizing or plasticizing using calender rolls knead. However, this is not continuous, but only possible in batches. On one of the two Rolling the calender creates a fur that only kneads to the end and then is completely removed must be before new powder raw material can be supplied.
Es ist auch bekannt, den Knetvorgang kontinuierlich zu führen, und zwar mittels eines Extruders, der Knetelemente enthält. Hierbei kann sich ggf. sogar innerhalb des gleichen Extruders der Preßvorgang nahtlos anschließen. Die Pulverrohmasse wird also in einem Zuge in Pulverstränge überführt. Es ist jedoch schwierig, den Extruder mit insbesondere wasserfeuchter Rohmasse in der richtigen Dosierung zu beschicken. Besonders kritisch ist es jedoch, daß die Pulvermasse beim Kneten im Extruder in einem geschlossenen Raum hohen thermischen und mechanischen Beanspruchungen ausgesetzt wird. Dies bedeutet ein erhebliches Sicherheitsrisiko. Bei einer Selbstentzündung kommt es zwangsläufig zur Explosion.It is also known to carry out the kneading process continuously, by means of an extruder, the kneading elements contains. In this case, the pressing process may even be seamless within the same extruder connect. The raw powder mass is thus converted into powder strands in one go. However, it is difficult to feed the extruder in the correct dosage, in particular with water-moist raw material. Especially it is critical, however, that the powder mass is high when kneading in the extruder in an enclosed space is exposed to thermal and mechanical stress. This means a significant security risk. In the event of spontaneous combustion, an explosion inevitably occurs.
Schließlich ist der Vorschlag bekanntgeworden (FR-A-1596363), wasserfeuchte Pulverrohmasse in einer sog. Verdampferschnecke zu homogenisieren und gelatinieren. Hierbei handeltes sich um eine an sich in der Kautschuk- und Kunststoffindustrie für Verdampfungsaufgaben eingesetzte Maschine, welche in einem nach oben zumindest teilweise offenen Trog mindestens eine, in der Regel jedoch mehrere und dann miteinander kämmende, drehbare Schnecken aufweist. In dieser Maschine wird die Pulverrohmasse in den Spalten zwischen den Schneckengängen sowie zwischen den Schnecken und der Gehäuseinnenwand kontinuierlich geknetet und weiter gefördert. Nahezu ebenso wie in einem geschlossenen Extruder besteht jedoch eine erhebliche Explosionsgefahr, weil auch bei dieser Maschine jedenfalls im Betrieb geschlossene Räume vorhanden sind, nämlich die Räume zwischen der oder den Schnecken und der Gehäuseinnenwand, die nach Außen durch die verarbeitete Masse selbst abgeschlossen sind. Außerdem ist das kontinuierliche Abführen des fertigen Pulvers sehr kompliziert, weil sich in der Verdampferschnecke, anders als bei einem Walzwerk, kein Fell ausbildet, das von einer Walze oder an einer Stelle abgenommen werden könnte. In der FR-A-1596363 ist über das Abführen nichts gesagt, außer daß man die Verdampferschnecke in einem Endabschnitt wie einen geschlossenen Extruder ausbilden könne, was dann aber die Explosionsgefährdung noch erhöhen würde.Finally, the proposal has become known (FR-A-1596363), water-moist powder raw material in one to homogenize and gelatinize the so-called evaporator screw. This is in itself in the Rubber and plastics industry used for evaporation tasks, which in one after at least partially open trough at the top at least one, but usually several and then together has intermeshing, rotatable screws. In this machine the raw powder mass is in the gaps between kneaded continuously between the screw flights and between the screws and the inner wall of the housing and further promoted. However, almost as in a closed extruder there is one Significant risk of explosion because this machine also has closed rooms in operation are, namely the spaces between the screw or screws and the inner wall of the housing, which after Outside are completed by the processed mass itself. In addition, the continuous discharge of the finished powder is very complicated because, unlike in a rolling mill, the evaporator screw no fur forms that could be removed from a roller or at one point. In FR-A-1596363 nothing is said about the discharge, except that the evaporator screw is in one end section how to form a closed extruder, which then increases the risk of explosion would.
Dementsprechend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, welches sich einerseits kontinuierlich, andererseits aber in sehr betriebssicherer Weise durchführen läßt.Accordingly, the invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned To indicate which is carried out continuously on the one hand, but on the other hand in a very reliable manner leaves.
Ausgehend von dem eingangs genannten Verfahren ist diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß zum Kneten eine offene, mit Friktion betreibbare Scherwalze verwendet wird, wobei im Bereich des einen Stirnendes der Scherwalze die Pulverrohmasse kontinuierlich zugegeben und am anderen Stirnende von der einen der beiden Walzen der Scherwalze ein Fell der gelatinierten Masse kontinuierlich abgenommen wird; vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen dieses Verfahrens gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.Based on the method mentioned at the outset, this object is achieved according to the invention in that that an open, friction-operated shear roller is used for kneading, in the area of one The powder raw mass is continuously added to the end of the shear roller and at the other end of the one of the two rollers of the shear roller continuously removes a layer of the gelatinized mass; advantageous embodiments of this method emerge from the subclaims.
Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird zum Kneten eine offene, als solche an sich bekannte Scherwalze verwendet. Auf dieser läuft der Knetvorgang kontinuierlich ab. Die Pulverrohmasse wird im Bereich des einen Stirnendes der Scherwalze kontinuierlich zugegeben und dann im Zuge der Knetung allmählich zum anderen Stirnende der Scherwalze transportiert. Hierbei entsteht auf der einen der beiden Walzen der Scherwalze ein Fell, das am anderen Stirnende z.B. durch fortlaufendes Abschneiden eines Streifens kontinuierlich abgenommen werden kann. Da die Scherwalze offen ist, kann es im Falle einer Selbstentzündung der Pulvermasse höchstens zum Abbrennen des Fells, nicht jedoch zur Explosion kommen. Dosierungsschwierigkeiten beim Beschicken der Scherwalze insbesondere mit wasserfeucnter Pulverrohmasse gibt es ebenfalls nicht Der Knetvorgang läuft trotzdem kontinuierlich ab. Dies ermöglicht eine Fernbedienung und -beobachtung, was ebenfalls die Sicherheit der Verarbeitung bedeutend erhöht. Schließlich bereitet das Abführen des Wassers aus der in der Scherwalze gekneteten Rohmasse, im Gegensatz zu einer Knetung im geschlossenen Extruder, keinerlei Schwierigkeiten.In the method according to the invention, an open shear roller known per se is used for kneading used. The kneading process runs continuously on this. The raw powder mass is in the range of one End of the shear roller continuously added and then gradually to the other in the course of kneading Front end of the shear roller transported. This creates a shear roller on one of the two rollers Fur that is on the other end e.g. continuously removed by continuously cutting off a strip can be. Since the shear roller is open, the powder mass can ignite in the event of self-ignition at most to burn the fur, but not to explode. Dosage difficulties with There is also no loading of the shear roller, especially with water-moist powder raw material The kneading process still runs continuously. This enables remote control and observation of what processing security is also significantly increased. Finally, draining the water prepares from the raw material kneaded in the shear roller, in contrast to kneading in a closed extruder, no difficulties.
Vorzugsweise wird man gemäß Anspruch 2 den Granuliervorgang unmittelbar an den Knetvorgang anschließen. Dies kann z.B. in der Weise geschehen, daß mittels eines Granulierkopfes am Abnahmeende der Scherwalze unmittelbar aus dem dort ankommenden Fell Granulat herausgestanzt und abtransportiert wird.Preferably, according to claim 2, the granulation process is carried out directly after the kneading process connect. This can e.g. happen in such a way that by means of a pelletizing head at the decrease end of the The shear roller is punched out of the incoming fur granulate and transported away.
Zum Pressen des Granulats verwendet man in Verbindung mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren vorzugsweise einen Extruder. In diesem kann das entstehende Granulat fortlaufend eingegeben werden. Dann hat man eine Fertigung, die von der Zugabe der Pulverrohmasse bis zum Entstehen der Pulverstränge gänzlich kontinuierlich abläuft. Da in dem für die Pressung verwendeten Extruder keine Knetung mit ihrer hohen thermischen und mechanischen Belastung der Pulvermasse stattzufinden braucht oder auch nicht stattfinden sollte, gibt es auch hier keine ungewöhnlichen Sicherheitsprobleme. Besonders günstig ist es hierbei, daß das entstehende Granulat dem Extruder direkt von der Scherwalze in noch warmen Zustand zugeführt werden kann. Da dann keine langen Aufwärmzonen im Extruder notwendig sind, kann diese sehr kurz sein. Entsprechend klein ist die Menge des jeweils im Extruder eingeschlossenen Treibladungspulvers, was für die Sicherheit günstig ist. Außerdem sinken die für die Aufheizung des Extruders notwendigen Energiekosten. Schließlich ist warmes Pulver plastischer und verformt sich bei mechanischer Belastung leichter. Deshalb ist mit dem warmen Pulver die Deflagrationsgefahr bei der mechanischen Belastung im Extruder geringer.For pressing the granules, use is preferably made in connection with the method according to the invention an extruder. The resulting granulate can be entered continuously in this. Then you have a production that goes from the addition of the raw powder mass to the creation of the powder strands entirely runs continuously. Since there is no kneading with its high thermal in the extruder used for the pressing and mechanical stress on the powder mass must take place or not take place there should be no unusual security problems here either. It is particularly favorable here that the The resulting granulate is fed directly to the extruder from the shear roller while it is still warm can. Since no long warm-up zones are then necessary in the extruder, this can be very short. Corresponding the amount of propellant powder enclosed in the extruder is small, which is important for safety is cheap. In addition, the energy costs required to heat the extruder are reduced. Finally warm powder is more plastic and deforms more easily under mechanical stress. That is why with the warm Powder the risk of deflagration with the mechanical load in the extruder is lower.
Stellt man das Pulver im sog. Semi-Solvent-Prozeß her, wird man bei Anwendung der Erfindung dem warmen Granulat von der Scherwalze im Extruder Lösungsmittel hinzudosieren. Bei der Herstellung von dreibasigem Pulver wird man an dieser Stelle auch das Nitroguanidin hinzugeben. Das Granulat wird durch das Lösungsmittel angeteigt und Nitroguanidin in diesen Teig eingearbeitet.If one produces the powder in the so-called semi-solvent process, one becomes warm when using the invention Add granulate from the shear roller in the extruder solvent. In the manufacture of three-base At this point, the nitroguanidine will also be added to powder. The granulate is by the Pasted solvent and incorporated nitroguanidine in this dough.
Es empfiehlt sich, insbesondere bei Verwendung eines Extruders zum Pressen, das Verfahren an der Scherwalze gemäß Anspruch 5 so zu führen, daß das gelatinierte Fell beim Abnehmen von der Scherwalze praktisch trocken ist. Dann ist nicht nur das Granulieren besonders einfach, sondern es gibt auch keine Probleme beim Beschikken des Extruders und mit dem Abführen von Wasser aus dem Extruder.It is recommended, especially when using an extruder for pressing, the process on the To perform shear roller according to claim 5 so that the gelatinized fur when removed from the shear roller is practically dry. Then not only is granulation particularly easy, there are also no problems when charging the extruder and removing water from the extruder.
Je weiter die Gelatinierung der Pulverrohmasse auf der Scherwalze fortgeschritten ist, um so besser haftet das Fell auf der einen Walze und um so schlechter ist der Weitertransport. Durch die Weiterbildung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 6 wird dieser Effekt kompensiert. Durch die Temperaturerniedrigung wird die Haftung des Fells an der Walze verringert und somit die Transportgeschwindigkeit gesteigert. Das Temperaturgefälle kann bis zu 40 °C betragen.The further the gelatinization of the powder raw material on the shear roller has progressed, the better it adheres the fur on one roller and the worse the further transport is. By further training the procedure according to claim 6, this effect is compensated. Liability is reduced by lowering the temperature of the fur on the roller is reduced and thus the transport speed is increased. The temperature gradient can be up to 40 ° C.
Insgesamt läßt sich nach den Lehren der Erfindung, Treibladungspulver in praktisch idealer Weise herstellen. Das Verfahren kann vollständig kontinuierlich ablaufen, läßt sich in der Durchführung fernsteuern undbeobachten, ist weit überdurchschnittlich sicher, auch weil sich auf der Scherwalze jeweils immer nur eine relativ kleine Produktmenge befindet, und führt schließlich noch zu einer besonders hohen Pulverqualität, inbesondere hinsichtlich der Stabilität.Overall, according to the teachings of the invention, propellant powder can be produced in a practically ideal manner. The process can run completely continuously, can be remotely controlled and monitored in the implementation, is far above average, also because there is only one relative on the shear roller small amount of product, and finally leads to a particularly high powder quality, in particular in terms of stability.
Im folgenden wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mit weiteren vorteilhaften Einzelheiten anhand einer Zeichnung noch näher erläutert. Die einzige Figur der Zeichnung zeigt schematisch eine Scherwalze bzw. ein Scherwalzen-Werk und einen nachgeschalteten Extruder zum Herstellen von zweibasigem POL-Pulver, d.h. Pulver, das im lösemittelreien Prozess hergestellt wird.The method according to the invention is described below with further advantageous details on the basis of Drawing explained in more detail. The only figure of the drawing shows schematically a shear roller or a Shear roller plant and a downstream extruder for the production of dibasic POL powder, i.e. Powder made in a solvent-free process.
Die an sich bekannte Scherwalze bzw. das Scherwalzenwerk 1 umfaßt zwei horizontal nebeneinander angeordnete Walzen 2 und 3, die gegenläufig in Richtung der Pfeile 4 angetrieben werden. Jede Walze 2 und 3 hat ihren eigenen Antrieb, der eine stufenlose Drehzahlregelung erlaubt, so daß das Arbeiten mit Friktion über den gesamten Drehzahlbereich möglich ist. Es kommen hydrostatische Antriebe für den explosionsgefährdeten Bereich zum Einsatz.The known shear roller or shear roller assembly 1 comprises two horizontally arranged side by side Rollers 2 and 3, which are driven in opposite directions in the direction of arrows 4. Each roller 2 and 3 has its own drive, which allows a stepless speed control, so that working with friction over the entire speed range is possible. There are hydrostatic drives for the potentially explosive Area for use.
Die in der Figur hintere Walze 2 wird hydraulisch gegen die vordere Walze 3 angestellt. Der Walzenspalt ist über die vordere Walze 3 auf eine Weite zwischen 0,5 und 5 mm einstellbar. Beide Walzen 2 und 3 können mittels eines Wärmeträgers von innen auf eine Temperatur zwischen 20 und 120 °C temperiert werden.The rear roller 2 in the figure is set hydraulically against the front roller 3. The nip is adjustable via the front roller 3 to a width between 0.5 and 5 mm. Both rollers 2 and 3 can by means of a heat transfer medium from the inside to a temperature between 20 and 120 ° C.
Die Walzen 2 und 3 sind beide jeweils mit spiralig verlaufenden Schernuten 5 versehen, die eine produktspezifische Geometrie haben, die in Nutbreite, Nuttiefe, Steigungswinkel und Anzahl der Schernuten zum Ausdruck kommt. Die Schernuten 5 sind so angelegt, daß das bearbeitete Produkt kontinuierlich von dem in der Figur vorderen Stirnende, dem Aufgabeende 6, zum hinteren Abgabeende 7 transportiert wird.The rollers 2 and 3 are each provided with spiral shear grooves 5, which are product-specific Have geometry that is expressed in the groove width, groove depth, pitch angle and number of shear grooves is coming. The scissor grooves 5 are designed so that the processed product continuously from that in the Figure front end, the feed end 6, is transported to the rear delivery end 7.
Über dem Aufgabeende 6 ist ein Dosierwerk 9 angeordnet, aus welchem wasserfeuchte Pulverrohmasse
zur Herstellung von zweibasigem POL-Pulver, die eine Feuchte von ca. 30 % hat, auf die Scherwalze gegeben
wird. Dort wird die Pulverrohmasse im Walzenspalt geknetet. Es bildet sich auf der vorderen Walze 3 ein Fell
aus Pulverrohmasse über die gesamte Walzenlänge. Mittels des Wärmeträgers werden die beiden Walzen auf
einer erhöhten Temperatur gehalten. Über dem Walzenspalt sammelt sich ein gekneteter Produktvorrat an, aus
dem das Wasser herausgepreßt wird. Aufgrund der intensiven Knet-und Transport-Wirkung der Scherwalze
2, 3 zeigt sich schon nach dem Durchwandern von etwa einem Drittel der Walzenlänge der Beginn der Gelatinierung
mit einer Grau-Weißfärbung der Pulvermasse an. Nach zwei Drittel der Walzenlänge hat sich das Massefell
bereits in einen dunklen Grauton verfärbt. Am Abgabeende 7 schließlich ist das Massefell durchgelatiniert
und erscheint transparent schwarz. Die Temperatur, die Spaltweite des Walzenspaltes und damit auch der
Spaltdruck und die Drehzahlen der beiden Walzen 2 und 3 sind so gewählt, daß das gelatinierte Pulverfell am
Abgabeende noch eine Restfeuchte von ca. 1 % hat.Above the feed end 6, a
Typischerweise liegt die Temperatur der beiden Walzen zwischen 70 und 110 °C. Die Temperatur der hinteren Walze wird um einige Grade niedriger als die der vorderen gehalten. Dadurch haftet das Fell an der vorderen Walze. Vorteilhaft ist die Beheizung der beiden Walzen derart, daß sich in axialer Richtung ein Temperaturgefälle mit Abfall der Temperatur zum Abgabeende 7 hin ergibt. Der Temperaturunterschied zwischen Aufgabeende 6 und Abgabeende 7 wird dabei so gewählt, daß das Fell überall in etwa mit gleicher Geschwindigkeit weitertransportiert wird. Ein typischer Wert für die Temperaturdifferenz ist 30 °C. Die Drehzahl der Walzen sollten zwischen 30 und 70 Upm betragen, wobei die vordere Walze, auf der sich das Fell befindet, die höhere Drehzahl hat. Eine geeignete Steilheit der Schernuten 5 beträgt zwischen 30 bis 60 ° gegen die Walzenachse. Es ist nicht notwendig, daß die Schernuten über die gesamte Länge der Scherwalze die gleiche Steilheit haben. So kann es vorteilhaft sein, die Steilheit der Schernuten in der Nähe des Aufgabeendes 6 kleiner als in der Nähe des Abgabeendes 7 zu machen, um damit hinter dem Aufgabeende zunächst eine relativ größere Verweilzeit des Felles zu erzielen, die ein gutes Abquetschen des Wassers ermöglicht. Die Tiefe der Schernuten beträgt zweckmäßigerweise zwischen 0,4 und 2,5 mm. Insgesamt sollte die Verweilzeit der Pulverrohmasse auf der Scherwalze zwischen 3 und 8 Minuten betragen.The temperature of the two rolls is typically between 70 and 110 ° C. The temperature of the rear Roller is held a few degrees lower than that of the front one. This will cause the fur to adhere to the front Roller. It is advantageous to heat the two rollers in such a way that there is a temperature gradient in the axial direction results in a drop in temperature towards the end of delivery 7. The temperature difference between the end of the task 6 and end of delivery 7 is chosen so that the fur everywhere at about the same speed is transported further. A typical value for the temperature difference is 30 ° C. The speed of the rollers should be between 30 and 70 rpm, the front roller on which the fur is located being the higher Speed. A suitable steepness of the shear grooves 5 is between 30 to 60 ° relative to the roller axis. It is not necessary that the shear grooves have the same slope over the entire length of the shear roller. So it can be advantageous to make the slope of the shear grooves near the feed end 6 smaller than that in the To make near the delivery end 7, so that initially a relatively longer dwell time behind the end of the task to achieve the fur, which allows a good squeezing of the water. The depth of the scissor grooves is expediently between 0.4 and 2.5 mm. Overall, the residence time of the powder bulk should between 3 and 8 minutes on the shear roller.
Um die Haftung des Felles an der vorderen Walze zu unterstützen, sollte diese eine bestimmte Oberflächenrauhigkeit haben. Dies kann durch Beschichten der Walzenoberfläche oder durch Schärfen erreicht werden. Es hat sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, die vordere Walze der Scherwalze stärker zu schärfen, als es bei den sonst in der Pulverfertigung verwendeten Kalander-Walzen üblich ist. Das Schärfen geschieht beispielsweise in der Weise, daß ein- bis dreinormale Salzsäure auf die Walzenoberfläche bei 50 bis 100 °C aufgetragen wird. Hierbei läuft die Walze mit langsamer Umdrehungszahl. Wenn die Salzsäure verdampft ist, wird die Walzenoberfläche mit Wasser abgewaschen. Bei dieser Behandlung ist die geeignete Oberflächenrauhigkeit erreicht.In order to support the adhesion of the fur to the front roller, this should have a certain surface roughness to have. This can be achieved by coating the roller surface or by sharpening. It has proven advantageous to sharpen the front roller of the shear roller more than it does is common for the calender rolls otherwise used in powder production. The sharpening happens for example in such a way that one to three normal hydrochloric acid is applied to the roller surface at 50 to 100 ° C becomes. The roller runs at a slow speed. When the hydrochloric acid has evaporated, it will washed the roller surface with water. With this treatment is the appropriate surface roughness reached.
In der Figur nicht erkennbar befindet sich unterhalb der beiden Walzen 2 und 3 am Abgabeende 7 ein Granulieraggregat, mittels welchem die am Abgabeende 7 kontinuierlich nachkommende, gelatinierte Pulvermasse in einem Arbeitsgang kontinuierlich von der Walze 3 abgenommen und im gleichen Arbeitsgang granuliert wird.Not visible in the figure is a pelletizing unit below the two rollers 2 and 3 at the discharge end 7, by means of which the gelatinized powder mass continuously coming at the discharge end 7 continuously removed from the roller 3 in one operation and in the same operation is granulated.
Das noch warme Granulat 8 fällt in den Aufnahmetrichter 11 eines Extruders 10, in welchem das Granulat
durch eine Matrize 12 zu Pulversträngen verpreßt wird. Der Extruder 10 hat im inneren nur eine Förderschnecke
13 und keine Knetelemente. Der Extruder ist nur schematisch gezeigt; in der Praxis kann es sich durchaus um
einen Zweiwellenextruder handeln. Die aus der Matrize bzw. Formgebungsdüse 12 kontinuierlich austretenden
Pulverstränge werden in nicht weitergezeigter Weise per Laufband in einen Schneidraum transportiert und dort
kontinuierlich zum eigentlichen Pulver geschnitten, das dann ggf. noch einer Nachbehandlung unterzogen wird.
Der Extruder sollte eine Länge von mindestens 20 cm haben und heiz- sowie kühlbar sein.The still warm granulate 8 falls into the receiving
Auf der Scherwalze 1 befinden sich immer nur 2-3 Kg Pulvermasse. Dies ist sehr günstig für die Sicherheit. Außerdem sind die beiden Walzen 2 und 3 selbstreinigend, so daß ein rascher Produktwechsel möglich ist.There are only 2-3 kg of powder on the shear roller 1. This is very convenient for security. In addition, the two rollers 2 and 3 are self-cleaning, so that a quick product change is possible.
Claims (6)
- Process for the preparation of propellant charge powder, in particular dibasic powder prepared without solvents, in which raw powder mixture which is moist, in particular moist with water, is homogenised and gelatinised by kneading at an elevated temperature and the gelatinised mass is then granulated and the granulate is moulded into powder strands which are worked up into the powder proper by cutting and optionally an end treatment,
characterised in that kneading is carried out by means of an open set of shearing rollers operable with friction, near the one end of which the raw powder mixture is continuously supplied and at the other end of which a sheet of gelatinised mass is continuously removed from one of the shearing rollers. - Process according to Claim 1,
characterised in that the gelatinised mass in continuously granulated as it is removed. - Process according to Claim 1 or 2,
characterised in that an extruder operating without a kneading action is used for moulding the granulate. - Process according to Claim 3,
characterised in that the granulate in process of formation is directly transferred to the extruder while still hot. - Process according to one of the Claims 1 to 4,
characterised in that the temperature, in width of the nip and/or the speed of rotation of the shearing rollers are so adjusted that the gelatinised mass has a residual water content of less than 3%, preferably about 1%, when the product is removed. - Process according to one of the Claims 1 to 5,
characterised in that the shearing rollers are heated in such a manner that a temperature gradient is obtained in the axial direction, the temperature gradient decreasing towards the discharge end of the shearing rollers.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT87906819T ATE73436T1 (en) | 1986-10-16 | 1987-10-08 | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURE OF PROPELLING POWDER. |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3635296A DE3635296C2 (en) | 1986-10-16 | 1986-10-16 | Process for producing propellant powder |
| DE3635296 | 1986-10-16 | ||
| PCT/EP1987/000585 WO1988002743A1 (en) | 1986-10-16 | 1987-10-08 | Process for manufacturing powder for propulsive charges |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0288505A1 EP0288505A1 (en) | 1988-11-02 |
| EP0288505B1 EP0288505B1 (en) | 1992-03-11 |
| EP0288505B2 true EP0288505B2 (en) | 1998-06-17 |
Family
ID=6311878
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87906819A Expired - Lifetime EP0288505B2 (en) | 1986-10-16 | 1987-10-08 | Process for manufacturing powder for propulsive charges |
Country Status (19)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4963296A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0288505B2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2681183B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR960000756B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1015170B (en) |
| AR (1) | AR246729A1 (en) |
| AU (2) | AU8107187A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8707506A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1304942C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3635296C2 (en) |
| EG (1) | EG20112A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2007423A6 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI92581C (en) |
| GR (1) | GR871431B (en) |
| IL (1) | IL83998A (en) |
| IN (1) | IN169922B (en) |
| PT (1) | PT85927B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1988002743A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA877700B (en) |
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| DE3838645A1 (en) * | 1988-11-15 | 1990-05-17 | Wolff Walsrode Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING PHLEGMATIZED NITROCELLULOSE EGEMES |
| DE3838646A1 (en) * | 1988-11-15 | 1990-05-17 | Wolff Walsrode Ag | PHLEGMATIZED NITROCELLULOSE EGEMIC |
| US5266242A (en) * | 1989-05-11 | 1993-11-30 | Wnc-Nitrochemie Gmbh | Method and apparatus to prepare a tribasic propellat charge powder |
| DE4012294C1 (en) * | 1989-05-11 | 1991-02-14 | Wnc-Nitrochemie Gmbh, 8261 Aschau, De | |
| SE465572B (en) * | 1989-06-21 | 1991-09-30 | Nobel Kemi Ab | SET AND DEVICE FOR PREPARING EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES |
| US5084218A (en) * | 1990-05-24 | 1992-01-28 | Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. | Spheronizing process |
| US5349892A (en) * | 1991-11-06 | 1994-09-27 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Propellant stick kerfing apparatus and method |
| DK0681591T3 (en) * | 1993-01-29 | 1999-11-01 | Valspar Corp | Coating composition of a hydroxy-functional block copolymer polyester |
| DE4402047C2 (en) * | 1994-01-25 | 1995-12-07 | Bayern Chemie Gmbh Flugchemie | Process for the production of a gas generating mass |
| FR2723086B1 (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-09-13 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR THE SOLVENT-FREE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE PYROTECHNIC PRODUCTS |
| HU219501B (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 2001-04-28 | Hagedorn Ag. | Procedure and apparatus for manufacturing plasticized celluloze-nitrate |
| FR2749008B1 (en) * | 1996-05-23 | 1998-06-26 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR THE SOLVENT-FREE MANUFACTURE OF THERMOSETTING COMPOSITE PYROTECHNICS |
| US20090208647A1 (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2009-08-20 | Nitrochemie Wimmis Ag | Method for producing a funtional, high-energy material |
| EP1164116B1 (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2005-01-26 | Nitrochemie Wimmis AG | Process for producing a functional high-energy material |
| DE10152397B4 (en) * | 2001-10-24 | 2009-08-06 | BOWAS AG für Industrievertrieb | Preparation of solvent-free propellant powder |
| DE102008059740B3 (en) * | 2008-12-01 | 2010-04-29 | Bowas AG für Industrieplanung | Production of explosives from explosive raw materials comprises gelatinization of explosive raw materials, in which the explosive raw materials are subjected to an isostatic press before the step of gelatinization |
| US8062563B2 (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-11-22 | Bowas AG für Industrieplanung | Method of manufacturing explosives |
| EP2332894A1 (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-15 | Bowas AG für Industrieplanung | Method and production of explosive materials |
| CN102276370B (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2012-11-28 | 无锡锡东能源科技有限公司 | Gunpowder screw continuous forming machine |
| KR101301502B1 (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2013-08-29 | 주식회사 유림기계 | wood leading-in equipment of wood chipper |
| CN103483113B (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2016-06-22 | 辽宁天亿机械有限公司 | Double; two charging tablet machine gunpowder are special forces charging mechanism |
| CN103524276B (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2016-01-20 | 中煤科工集团淮北***技术研究院有限公司 | For the open type refrigerating unit of process of dynamite substrate |
| CN103980071A (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2014-08-13 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Roller unit for kneading and sheet grinding of explosive |
| CN104016818B (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2017-04-05 | 山东大学 | A kind of multifunctional emulsified explosive cutter sweep and its method |
| CN104950056B (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-03-01 | 西安近代化学研究所 | A kind of nitrine nitramine absorbs medicine sample preparation methods |
| RU2606418C1 (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2017-01-10 | Валерий Гургенович Джангирян | Method of producing gun powder with minimum web thickness for small arms cartridges and special-purpose ones |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2384521A (en) * | 1940-04-16 | 1945-09-11 | Celanese Corp | Method for extruding thermoplastic compositions |
| CH317908A (en) * | 1951-07-12 | 1956-12-15 | Hispano Suiza S A Tanger | Process for the manufacture of explosive devices |
| AT196293B (en) * | 1955-03-08 | 1958-03-10 | Prb Nv | Device for shaping thixotropic masses |
| US2874604A (en) * | 1956-03-22 | 1959-02-24 | Prb Nv | Apparatus for molding plastic explosive materials |
| US2875985A (en) * | 1957-10-30 | 1959-03-03 | Farrel Birmingham Co Inc | Heat exchange roll |
| BE625193A (en) * | 1962-01-19 | |||
| US3298215A (en) * | 1962-11-29 | 1967-01-17 | Beteiligungsund Patentverwaltu | Rolling mill stand |
| US3354010A (en) * | 1967-01-27 | 1967-11-21 | John D Hopper | Flexible explosive containing rdx and/or rmx and process therefor |
| DE1679880A1 (en) * | 1967-05-12 | 1972-03-09 | Werner & Pfleiderer | Device for the continuous preparation of plastic masses |
| US3548742A (en) * | 1967-05-12 | 1970-12-22 | Werner & Pfleiderer | Apparatus for continuously processing pulverulent or granular feeds |
| US3731584A (en) * | 1967-06-13 | 1973-05-08 | Rockwell International Corp | Automatic propellant feed system |
| FR1596363A (en) * | 1968-01-02 | 1970-06-15 | ||
| CH498060A (en) * | 1968-01-02 | 1970-10-31 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Method and device for the continuous production of smokeless powder without solvents |
| DE2316538C3 (en) * | 1973-04-03 | 1982-05-06 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | Process for the production of Gudol powder |
| DE2461646C2 (en) * | 1974-12-27 | 1984-01-05 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | Process for the production of propellant charge powders |
| FR2325491A1 (en) * | 1975-09-25 | 1977-04-22 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITIONS PURLING PROCESS, AND SCREW PADDING |
| SE437511B (en) * | 1979-04-24 | 1985-03-04 | Bofors Ab | WANTED TO MAKE CONSOLIDATED BODY OF DOUBLE BASKET SHEETS |
| DE3468192D1 (en) * | 1984-01-16 | 1988-02-04 | Albers August | Continuous mixing and shear rollers |
-
1986
- 1986-10-16 DE DE3635296A patent/DE3635296C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1987
- 1987-09-16 GR GR871431A patent/GR871431B/en unknown
- 1987-09-23 IL IL83998A patent/IL83998A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-08 KR KR1019880700671A patent/KR960000756B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-08 DE DE8787906819T patent/DE3777399D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-08 WO PCT/EP1987/000585 patent/WO1988002743A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1987-10-08 BR BR8707506A patent/BR8707506A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-08 US US07/228,921 patent/US4963296A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-08 EP EP87906819A patent/EP0288505B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-08 JP JP62506630A patent/JP2681183B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-10-08 AU AU81071/87A patent/AU8107187A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1987-10-13 EG EG58687A patent/EG20112A/en active
- 1987-10-14 CN CN87106808A patent/CN1015170B/en not_active Expired
- 1987-10-15 ZA ZA877700A patent/ZA877700B/en unknown
- 1987-10-15 IN IN805/CAL/87A patent/IN169922B/en unknown
- 1987-10-15 PT PT85927A patent/PT85927B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-15 CA CA000549389A patent/CA1304942C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-15 ES ES8702950A patent/ES2007423A6/en not_active Expired
- 1987-10-16 AR AR87308973A patent/AR246729A1/en active
-
1988
- 1988-06-15 FI FI882858A patent/FI92581C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-03-08 AU AU72753/91A patent/AU651087B2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PT85927A (en) | 1988-11-30 |
| KR880701695A (en) | 1988-11-04 |
| ES2007423A6 (en) | 1989-06-16 |
| AU7275391A (en) | 1991-07-11 |
| ZA877700B (en) | 1988-04-19 |
| IL83998A (en) | 1991-12-15 |
| FI92581B (en) | 1994-08-31 |
| FI882858A0 (en) | 1988-06-15 |
| BR8707506A (en) | 1989-02-21 |
| DE3635296C2 (en) | 1995-12-21 |
| DE3635296A1 (en) | 1988-04-28 |
| CA1304942C (en) | 1992-07-14 |
| IL83998A0 (en) | 1988-02-29 |
| IN169922B (en) | 1992-01-11 |
| CN87106808A (en) | 1988-04-27 |
| JPH01501140A (en) | 1989-04-20 |
| US4963296A (en) | 1990-10-16 |
| CN1015170B (en) | 1991-12-25 |
| EP0288505A1 (en) | 1988-11-02 |
| JP2681183B2 (en) | 1997-11-26 |
| EP0288505B1 (en) | 1992-03-11 |
| WO1988002743A1 (en) | 1988-04-21 |
| FI882858A (en) | 1988-06-15 |
| FI92581C (en) | 1994-12-12 |
| EG20112A (en) | 1997-07-31 |
| AR246729A1 (en) | 1994-09-30 |
| KR960000756B1 (en) | 1996-01-12 |
| DE3777399D1 (en) | 1992-04-16 |
| GR871431B (en) | 1987-12-14 |
| PT85927B (en) | 1993-07-30 |
| AU8107187A (en) | 1988-05-06 |
| AU651087B2 (en) | 1994-07-14 |
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