EP0283348A1 - Hydraulic pumps - Google Patents

Hydraulic pumps Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0283348A1
EP0283348A1 EP88400381A EP88400381A EP0283348A1 EP 0283348 A1 EP0283348 A1 EP 0283348A1 EP 88400381 A EP88400381 A EP 88400381A EP 88400381 A EP88400381 A EP 88400381A EP 0283348 A1 EP0283348 A1 EP 0283348A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valves
valve
hydraulic
pump according
chamber
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Granted
Application number
EP88400381A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0283348B1 (en
Inventor
Louis Claude Porel
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Hydro Rene Leduc SA
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Hydro Rene Leduc SA
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/22Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves
    • F04B49/24Bypassing
    • F04B49/246Bypassing by keeping open the outlet valve

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improvement to hydraulic pumps which are fitted with discharge valves, of the non-return valve type.
  • the solution consisting in returning the pumped liquid continuously to the reservoir may, in certain cases, have the drawback that the liquid heats up, which makes it necessary to have additional cooling means if it is desired to prevent the liquid n '' reaches too high a temperature.
  • the circulation of the fluid requires energy consumption; the latter is then wasted.
  • the solution consisting in disengaging the pump drive is better with regard to the problems of energy expenditure and heating of the hydraulic fluid, but it requires the installation of expensive mechanisms.
  • this arrangement does not allow selective control of certain valves, which would allow, in the case of a multi-flow pump, to cancel a flow while maintaining the others.
  • the discharge valves which it is desired to control the deactivation or the putting into service are constituted by a closing member slidably mounted in a support being constrained by a spring, said support being itself mounted at sliding in a housing provided in the pump body, said sliding support being connected by any suitable means to the piston of a control cylinder; so that, by actuating said control jack, the support or supports which are attached to it or are slid, which puts the corresponding check valve or check valves out of service.
  • means are provided making it possible to make the shutdown of the valves sequential, so that a progressive cancellation or restoration of the pump flow rate (s) is obtained.
  • the hydraulic pump comprises, in a manner known per se a plurality of pistons 1, hollow, which slide in cylinders 2 under the action of a bias plate 3 driven in rotation by a shaft 4.
  • the hydraulic fluid arrives in the inlet chamber 5 of the pump through an orifice 6.
  • the hydraulic fluid passes through a passage 7 etched in the bias plate 3 and enters the head 8 of the piston 1 which it crosses so as to fill the piston 1 which is hollow.
  • the communication between the head 8 of the piston and the passage 7 is interrupted and the liquid is discharged through the line 9 which opens through an orifice 11 into a chamber 10 into which also opens a line 12 which communicates with an outlet orifice 13.
  • a non-return valve designated by the general reference 14 the liquid discharged by the movement of the piston 1 raises said valve and arrives at the outlet orifice 13 by the pipe 12.
  • the liquid discharged by the movement of the piston 1 raises said valve and arrives at the outlet orifice 13 by the pipe 12.
  • all the chambers 10 of the pump are connected to each other by the pipes 12.
  • the discharge valve 14 is constituted by a hollow body 15 which is coaxial with the chamber 10 so as to be able to slide in the chamber 10 along this axis. Inside the hollow body 15 is placed, in a sliding manner, the valve itself 16 which is constrained by a spring 17, bearing against a plug 18, fixed to the sliding hollow body 15.
  • Each sliding hollow body 15 projects, by its end 15a, opposite the valve 16, in a chamber 19 in which a piston 20 moves.
  • This piston 20 is subjected on one side to a return spring 21 and on the other at a hydraulic pressure, brought by a pipe 22, coming from a hydraulic transmitter 23, actuated by a control 24.
  • the pump is intended to supply the lifting cylinder of a tipper body for a truck, it is no longer necessary, as is currently the case, to have a mechanical clutch control for the shaft 4 of the pump.
  • the pump is continuously driven by the gearbox of the truck, the control 24 being in the position shown in FIG. 1.
  • the driver of the truck wishes to actuate the bucket, he just has to act on the control 24 according to arrow F to bring it into the position shown in Figure 2; the valves 16 are then all brought back to the active position by the piston 20 and the pump provides the flow rate and the hydraulic pressure necessary for maneuvering the bucket.
  • FIGS 4 to 6 illustrate two alternative embodiments in which the same elements have the same references.
  • the movement of the piston 20 which controls the implementation of the non-return valves is reversed compared to the previous example in the sense that, in the absence of any pressure at the rear of the piston 20, the valves are active and that they are deactivated when the piston 20 is subjected to hydraulic pressure.
  • the piston 20 is a double-acting piston. It moves in a bore 30 which is on one side connected to a pipe 31 opening into the chamber 30a and on the other to a pipe 32 opening into the room 30b.
  • the piston 20 comprises a gripping member 33 which is engaged in a groove formed at the rear of each plug 18.
  • the piston 20 is no longer subjected to the influence of the spring 21 but to that of a spring. 34 which is arranged in reverse. It follows that when the piston 20 is moved from the left to the right by the pressure arriving in the chamber 30a, it compresses the spring 34 and drives the plugs 18 and therefore the hollow bodies 15 and the valves by the member 33 16 are released from the orifices 11 and therefore made inactive. On the contrary, under the action of the spring 34, or of a pressure arriving in the chamber 30b, the piston is moved from the right to the left and the valves 16 are made active.
  • the outlet orifice 13 of the pump delivers the pressurized liquid into a pipe 35 which ends at a junction point 36.
  • a pipe 35 which ends at a junction point 36.
  • the pipe 32 which ends in the chamber 30b
  • the pipe 37 which leads to a regulator 38
  • the line 39 which is the service line, leading to any hydraulic equipment, not shown.
  • a non-return valve 41 On the pipe 39 are arranged a non-return valve 41 and a hydraulic accumulator 40.
  • the pipe 39 also communicates with the regulator 38 by a pipe 42 located between the hydraulic accumulator 40 and the non-return valve 41.
  • the regulator 38 is intended to fulfill the function of a contactor-circuit breaker. To this end, it includes a pressure relief valve and a control drawer.
  • the pipe 37 opens into a chamber 43 which communicates with the reservoir 44 through an orifice 45 closed by a valve 46 constrained by a spring 47, bandaged by an adjustable stop 48.
  • On the other side of the chamber 43 is a drawer 49 which receives at its other end the pressure arriving through line 42; the drawer 49 slides in a bore 50 connected on the one hand to the pipe 31 (and therefore to the chamber 30a) and on the other hand to the tank 44 by the pipe 51, said pipes 31 and 51 being separated or brought into communication by a partition 52 carried by the drawer 49.
  • the bias plate 3 gives the pistons 1 und back and forth movement; the liquid arriving through the orifice 6 of the reservoir 44 enters the pistons 1 through the passage 7 and the heads 8 of the pistons and is discharged by the pistons into the pipes 9.
  • the piston 20 is pushed back by the spring 34 so that all the valves 16 are in the active position on their respective orifices 11.
  • the pressurized liquid leaves the pump through the orifice 13 and through the line 35 arrives at the junction point 36.
  • the pressurized liquid arrives through the line 32 at the rear of the piston 20 in the chamber 32b and adds its action to that of the spring 34.
  • the pressurized liquid borrows the pipe 39 and, through the valve 41 charges the accumulator 40.
  • the pressurized liquid also arrives at the chamber 43 of the conjunctor-breaker 38 via the pipe 37 by crossing a calibrated passage 53.
  • the slide 49 receiving the high pressure on its two faces by the pipes 37 and 42 is in the equilibrium position.
  • the valve 46 opens and puts the chamber 43 in communication with the reservoir 44.
  • the drawer 49 has a bore 54 which allows the pressure arriving through the pipe 42 to reach the partition 52 and therefore, when the drawer 49 has moved, to communicate with the pipe 31 and therefore with the chamber 30a.
  • the chamber 30a being under pressure, while the chamber 30b is connected to the reservoir by the pipe 32, the chamber 43 and the valve 46, which is kept open by the rod 49a, it follows that the piston 20 moves from the left to the right in Figure 4 by driving the hollow bodies 15 and the valves 16 which become inactive. From this moment, the pump no longer provides any flow. The pressure falls in the pipes 32, 35, 37.
  • the hydraulic accumulator 40 supplies the hydraulic equipment, not shown, located downstream with the pressurized hydraulic liquid necessary for its operation. As this hydraulic fluid under pressure is not renewed by the pump which does not produces no more flow, the pressure gradually drops so that the valve 46 returns to its original position, which puts the chamber 30a in connection with the reservoir 44 via the pipes 31 and 51; the piston 20 returns to the original position and the pump starts to flow again.
  • such an arrangement can be advantageously used for controlling a power steering of a motor vehicle.
  • the power steering is practically only necessary to perform the maneuvers to park a vehicle, that is to say when the engine is idling and its speed practically zero.
  • the steering effort is minimal while the engine is running much faster, for example at 4,000 rpm, which means that the hydraulic pump provides five times greater power.
  • the hydraulic pump provides five times greater power.
  • the steering system operates with the accumulator on the road, said accumulator being regularly recharged, the pump providing no flow most of the time.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show an alternative embodiment of the device of Figure 4 in which the same elements have the same references.
  • the hydraulic pump is a two-flow pump, that is to say that it has six pistons 1 which discharge the liquid into six chambers 10, the chambers 10a, 10b, 10c being connected to one another by collecting pipes 12a and 12b open into an outlet orifice 13a; while the chambers 10d, 10c, 10f are interconnected by collecting pipes 12c and 12d which open into an outlet orifice 13b. Two different output flows are thus obtained, independent of each other, one at 13a and the other at 13b.
  • the bodies 55 of the valves 56 of the chambers 10d, 10c and 10f are screwed and are therefore fixed; while the bodies 15 of the valves 16 of the chambers 10a, 10b and 10c are movable and moved by the piston 20.
  • the pump described in FIGS. 5 and 6 provides two flow rates, one of which, through the outlet orifice 13b, is constant while the other, through the outlet orifice 13a is intermittent.
  • the various chambers 10 can be arranged in which the hollow bodies 15 carrying the non-return valves 16 slide, so that their respective depths are different; thus when the piston 20 moves, the valves 16 do not all simultaneously close their respective orifices 11 but come to close them one after the other in a sequential manner: a progressive commissioning or deactivation is thus obtained.
  • the pump which can be particularly advantageous.
  • FIGS. 7 to 10 represent a preferred embodiment of the invention for this particular use.
  • the chamber 30b of the jack 20 is connected by a pipe 56 to a control distributor 57.
  • the distributor 57 is connected to the source of compressed air of the truck, but it could be connected to a hydraulic source.
  • the collecting pipe 12 comprises just upstream of the outlet 13 (which feeds the lifting cylinder of the bucket) a bypass 12 bis which ends in a chamber 60 which is connected by a bore 12ter to the intake chamber 5.
  • This pipe 12bis is closed by a controlled valve 61 which is integral with a hollow piston 62 sliding in a bore 63 and constrained by a spring 64.
  • the valve 61 is pierced in its center with a calibrated orifice of very small diameter 61a.
  • the bore 63 is connected by a pipe 65 to a control valve 66 and by a pipe 67 to the chamber 30a of the jack 20.
  • the control valve 66 is connected to the chamber 60, in front of the piston 62, by a pipe 68.
  • the control valve 66 comprises a ball 69, actuated by a pusher 70, moved by a handle 71, with interposition of a spring 72 between the pusher 70 and the ball 69.
  • FIG. 8 it can be seen that the command 57 has been implemented.
  • the chamber 30b is then supplied (by compressed air for example) and the jack 20 is pushed back: the discharge valves 15 are then all in the active position.
  • the pressure arising at the discharge of the pump raises the valve 61 and the pressure delivered returns through the line 12ter into the intake chamber 5.
  • the user will be able, at will, to modulate the pressure which arrives at the jack 73. If the lever is barely pushed and the spring 72 barely compressed, the pressure arriving at 65 will raise the ball 69, arrive by 68 in the chamber 60 and push back the piston 62 by opening the valve 61, which causes the pressure to drop until the ball 69 closes the pipe 65. The maximum pressure is obtained when the shoulder 70a of the pusher 70 is in abutment against the body of the valve 66.
  • the bucket 74 has a finger 75 which, at the end of the stroke, acts on a microswitch 76 which controls a valve 77 by a solenoid 78.
  • This valve 77 restores the communication between the pipes 65 and 68 by the branches 65a and 68a bypassing the control 66. We then find us in the same case as when the ball 69 is in the fully open position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

Pompe hydraulique à pistons axiaux (1) dans laquelle chaque piston (1) refoule le liquide hydraulique à travers un clapet anit-retour, lesdits clapets anti-­retour étant relié à un vérin de commande (20) au moyen duquel les clapets anti-retour peuvent être rendus inopérants, caractérisée par le fait que les clapets anti-retour sont placés dans une chambre (10) et sont constitués par un support coulissant (15) à l'intérieur duquel est disposé un ressort (17) agissant sur un organe (16), faisant clapet, qui coulisse à l'intérieur du support coulissant (15) ce dernier pouvant être, à volonté, attelé par tout moyen approprié au vérin de commande (20).

Figure imgaf001
Hydraulic axial piston pump (1) in which each piston (1) delivers the hydraulic fluid through a non-return valve, said non-return valves being connected to a control cylinder (20) by means of which the non-return valves can be rendered inoperative, characterized in that the non-return valves are placed in a chamber (10) and are constituted by a sliding support (15) inside which is arranged a spring (17) acting on a member ( 16), forming a valve, which slides inside the sliding support (15), the latter being able to be, at will, coupled by any means suitable for the control jack (20).
Figure imgaf001

Description

La présente invention concerne un perfectionnement aux pompes hydrauliques qui sont munies de clapets de refoulement, de type clapet anti-retour.The present invention relates to an improvement to hydraulic pumps which are fitted with discharge valves, of the non-return valve type.

Lorsque'une pompe de ce type alimente un équipement hydraulique qui fonctionne de façon intermittente, on dispose soit un système mécanique pour débrayer l'entraînement de la pompe soit un système hydraulique qui renvoie au réservoir le liquide fourni par la pompe lorsque l'équipement ne fonctionne pas (Distributeur hydraulique ou clapet de surpression).When a pump of this type supplies hydraulic equipment which operates intermittently, there is either a mechanical system to disengage the pump drive or a hydraulic system which returns to the reservoir the liquid supplied by the pump when the equipment does not not working (Hydraulic distributor or pressure relief valve).

La solution consistant à renvoyer au réservoir le liquide pompé de façon continue peut, dans certains cas, présenter l'inconvénient que le liquide s'échauffe ce qui rend nécessaire de disposer des moyens de refroidissement additionnels si l'on veut éviter que le liquide n'atteigne une température trop élevée. De plus la circulation du fluide impose une consommation d'énergie ; cette dernière est alors dépensée en pure perte.The solution consisting in returning the pumped liquid continuously to the reservoir may, in certain cases, have the drawback that the liquid heats up, which makes it necessary to have additional cooling means if it is desired to prevent the liquid n '' reaches too high a temperature. In addition, the circulation of the fluid requires energy consumption; the latter is then wasted.

La solution consistant à débrayer l'entraînement de la pompe est meilleure vis à vis des problèmes de dépense d'énergie et d'échauffement du liquide hydraulique, mais elle nécessite la mise en place de mécanismes onéreux.The solution consisting in disengaging the pump drive is better with regard to the problems of energy expenditure and heating of the hydraulic fluid, but it requires the installation of expensive mechanisms.

Une autre solution , connue par le brevet allemand DE 3142230, consiste à réaliser les clapets anti-retour au moyen d'une pièce flexible en étoile dont chaque branche comporte des moyens d'obturation des orifices de sortie, ladite pièce en étoile étant portée par un piston de sorte qu'elle puisse être déplacée, ce qui dégage simultanément tous les orifices de sortie et a donc pour effet que la pompe n'a plus aucun débit.Another solution, known from German patent DE 3142230, consists in making the non-return valves by means of a flexible star-shaped part, each branch of which comprises means for closing the outlet orifices, said star-shaped part being carried by a piston so that it can be moved, which simultaneously clears all the outlet orifices and therefore has the effect that the pump no longer has any flow.

Cette disposition un peu simpliste n'est pas adaptée aux pompes à haute pression, c'est-à-dire aux pompes fournissant des pressions supérieures à 200 bars et pouvant aller jusqu'à 1.000 bars.This somewhat simplistic arrangement is not suitable for high pressure pumps, that is to say pumps providing pressures greater than 200 bars and up to 1,000 bars.

De plus cette disposition ne permet pas une commande sélective de certains clapets, ce qui permettrait, dans le cas d'une pompe multi-débits, d'annuler un débit en maintenant les autres.In addition, this arrangement does not allow selective control of certain valves, which would allow, in the case of a multi-flow pump, to cancel a flow while maintaining the others.

Selon la présente invention, les clapets de refoulement dont on veut commander la mise hors service ou la mise en service sont constitués par un organe de fermeture monté à coulissement dans un support en étant contretenu par un ressort, ledit support étant lui-même monté à coulissement dans un logement ménagé dans le corps de pompe, ledit support coulissant étant relié par tout moyen approprié au pistion d'un vérin de commande ; de telle sorte que, en actionnant ledit vérin de commande, on fasse coulisser le ou les supports qui lui est ou sont rattachés ce qui met hors service le ou les clapets anti-retour correspondants.According to the present invention, the discharge valves which it is desired to control the deactivation or the putting into service are constituted by a closing member slidably mounted in a support being constrained by a spring, said support being itself mounted at sliding in a housing provided in the pump body, said sliding support being connected by any suitable means to the piston of a control cylinder; so that, by actuating said control jack, the support or supports which are attached to it or are slid, which puts the corresponding check valve or check valves out of service.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, il est prévu de rendre simultanément inopérants tous les clapets de refoulement de sorte que la pompe fournit un débit nulAccording to a first embodiment, it is planned to make all the discharge valves inoperative simultaneously so that the pump provides zero flow.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation concernant une pompe multi-débit, il est prévu de ne rendre inopérants que les clapets de refoulement de certains, débits de sorte que certains débits sont annulés les autres étant maintenus.According to a second embodiment relating to a multi-flow pump, provision is made to render inoperative only the discharge valves of certain flows, so that certain flows are canceled out while the others are maintained.

Selon un troisième mode de réalisation, il est prévu des moyens permettant de rendre séquentielle la mise hors service des clapets, de sorte que l'on obtient une annulation ou un rétablissement progressif du ou des débits de la pompe.According to a third embodiment, means are provided making it possible to make the shutdown of the valves sequential, so that a progressive cancellation or restoration of the pump flow rate (s) is obtained.

A titre d'exemple et pour faciliter la compréhension de l'invention, on a représenté aux dessins annexés :

  • Figure 1, une vue partielle en coupe d'un exemple de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • Figure 2, une vue partielle de la figure 1 illustrant le changement de position d'un clapet ;
  • Figure 3, une vue en coupe selon AA de la figure 1 ;
  • Figure 4, une vue partielle en coupe d'une première variante de réalisation ;
  • Figure 5, une vue d'une variante de la figure 4;
  • Figure 6, une vue en coupe selon AA de la figure 5;
  • Figures 7 à 9, trois vues en coupe illustrant une deuxième variante de réalisation de la pompe selon l'invention ;
  • Figure 10, une vue schématique représentant un circuit d'alimentation du vérin de soulèvement de benne basculante de camion alimenté par une pompe selon les figures 7 à 9.
By way of example and to facilitate understanding of the invention, there is shown in the accompanying drawings:
  • Figure 1, a partial sectional view of an embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 2, a partial view of Figure 1 illustrating the change in position of a valve;
  • Figure 3, a sectional view along AA of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4, a partial sectional view of a first alternative embodiment;
  • Figure 5, a view of a variant of Figure 4;
  • Figure 6, a sectional view along AA of Figure 5;
  • Figures 7 to 9, three sectional views illustrating a second alternative embodiment of the pump according to the invention;
  • FIG. 10, a schematic view showing a circuit for feeding the jacking cylinder lifting cylinder of a truck powered by a pump according to FIGS. 7 to 9.

En se reportant aux figures 1 à 3, on voit que la pompe hydraulique comporte, d'une façon connue en soi une pluralité de pistons 1, creux, qui coulissent dans des cylindres 2 sous l'action d'un plateau biais 3 entraîné en rotation par un arbre 4. Le liquide hydraulique arrive dans la chambre d'admission 5 de la pompe par un orifice 6. Lors de la phase d'aspiration, le liquide hydraulique passe par un passage 7 gravé dans le plateau biais 3 et pénètre dans la tête 8 du piston 1 qu'il traverse de façon à remplir le piston 1 qui est creux. Lors de la phase de refoulement, la communication entre la tête 8 du piston et le passage 7 est interrompue et le liquide est refoulé par la canalisation 9 qui débouche par un orifice 11 dans une chambre 10 dans laquelle débouche également une canalisation 12 qui communique avec un orifice de sortie 13. Dans la chambre 10, entre les canalisations 10 et 12 est placé un clapet anti-retour désigné par la référence générale 14 : le liquide refoulé par le movement du piston 1 soulève ledit clapet et arrive à l'orifice de sortie 13 par la canalisation 12. Comme cela est représenté à la figure 3 toutes les chambres 10 de la pompe sont reliées les unes aux autres par les canalisations 12.Referring to Figures 1 to 3, we see that the hydraulic pump comprises, in a manner known per se a plurality of pistons 1, hollow, which slide in cylinders 2 under the action of a bias plate 3 driven in rotation by a shaft 4. The hydraulic fluid arrives in the inlet chamber 5 of the pump through an orifice 6. During the suction phase, the hydraulic fluid passes through a passage 7 etched in the bias plate 3 and enters the head 8 of the piston 1 which it crosses so as to fill the piston 1 which is hollow. During the delivery phase, the communication between the head 8 of the piston and the passage 7 is interrupted and the liquid is discharged through the line 9 which opens through an orifice 11 into a chamber 10 into which also opens a line 12 which communicates with an outlet orifice 13. In the room 10, between the lines 10 and 12 is placed a non-return valve designated by the general reference 14: the liquid discharged by the movement of the piston 1 raises said valve and arrives at the outlet orifice 13 by the pipe 12. As shown in FIG. 3 all the chambers 10 of the pump are connected to each other by the pipes 12.

Cette disposition est usuelle et largement connue.This arrangement is usual and widely known.

Lorsque la pompe alimente un appareil hydraulique à fonctionnement intermittent, on dispose soit des moyens mécaniques pour débrayer l'entraînement de l'arbre 4, soit des moyens hydrauliques, comme par exemple un distributeur hydraulique assurant le retour du liquide pompé par les pistons 1 vers le réservoir (non représenté).When the pump supplies a hydraulic device with intermittent operation, there are either mechanical means for disengaging the drive of the shaft 4, or hydraulic means, such as a hydraulic distributor ensuring the return of the liquid pumped by the pistons 1 to the tank (not shown).

Selon la présente invention, le clapet de refoulement 14 est constitué par un corps creux 15 qui est coaxial à la chambre 10 de facon à pouvoir coulisser dans la chambre 10 le long de cet axe. A l'intérieur du corps creux 15 est placé, de façon coulissante, le clapet proprement dit 16 qui est contretenu par un ressort 17, prenant appui contre un bouchon 18, fixé au corps creux coulissant 15.According to the present invention, the discharge valve 14 is constituted by a hollow body 15 which is coaxial with the chamber 10 so as to be able to slide in the chamber 10 along this axis. Inside the hollow body 15 is placed, in a sliding manner, the valve itself 16 which is constrained by a spring 17, bearing against a plug 18, fixed to the sliding hollow body 15.

Chaque corps creux coulissant 15 fait saillie, par son extrémité 15a, opposée au clapet 16, dans une chambre 19 dans laquelles se déplace un piston 20. Ce piston 20 est soumis d'un côté à un ressort de rappel 21 et de l'autre à une pression hydraulique, amenée par une canalisation 22, en provenance d'un émetteur hydraulique 23, actionné par une commande 24.Each sliding hollow body 15 projects, by its end 15a, opposite the valve 16, in a chamber 19 in which a piston 20 moves. This piston 20 is subjected on one side to a return spring 21 and on the other at a hydraulic pressure, brought by a pipe 22, coming from a hydraulic transmitter 23, actuated by a control 24.

Lorsque la commande 24 est actionnée selon la flèche F, comme représenté à la figure 2, l'émetteur hydraulique 23 agit par la canalisation 22 pour repousser le piston 20 à l'encontre du ressort 21. Le piston 20 fait coulisser tous les corps creux coulissants 15, dans leurs chambres 10, ce qui a pour effet que les clapets 16 viennent obturer les orifices 11 des canalisations 9. Dans cette position, tous les clapets 16 deviennent actifs, c'est-à-dire qu'ils remplissent normalement leur fonction de clapets anti-retour de refoulement lorsque l'arbre 4 est entraîné. Le liquide refoulé par chacun des pistons 1, soulève le clapet 16 correspondant à l'encontre de son ressort 17 et le liquide hydraulique emprunte la canalisation collectrice 12 pour sortir par l'orifice de sortie 13.When the control 24 is actuated according to the arrow F, as shown in FIG. 2, the hydraulic transmitter 23 acts through the pipe 22 to push the piston 20 against the spring 21. The piston 20 causes all the hollow bodies to slide sliding 15, in their chambers 10, which has the effect that the valves 16 close the orifices 11 of the pipes 9. In this position, all the valves 16 become active, that is to say that they normally fill their function of discharge check valves when shaft 4 is driven. The liquid discharged by each of the pistons 1 lifts the corresponding valve 16 against its spring 17 and the hydraulic liquid borrows the collecting pipe 12 to exit through the outlet orifice 13.

Lorsque la commande 24 est mise dans la position représentée à la figure 1, le ressort 21 repousse le piston 20 ; le liquide hydraulique se trouvant à l'arrière du piston 20 est refoulé par la canalisation 22 et arrive au réservoir 25 à travers le clapet anti-­retour 26. Dans cette position, le réservoir 25 communique avec la chambre de l'émetteur hydraulique 23 par l'orifice 27. Le retrait du piston 20 a pour résultat que les clapets 16 ne sont plus maintenus appliqués contre leur siège, au fond de la chambre 10 de sorte que l'ensemble clapet 16 - corps creux 15 est repoussé par le liquide refoulé par chaque piston 1 et les canalisations 9 communiquent toutes entre elles par les canalisations collectrice 12. Il s'ensuit que le liquide refoulé par les pistons 1 qui sont en phase de refoulement pénètre librement dans les alésages 2 des autres pistons 1 qui sont en phase d'aspiration et qu'ainsi la pompe délivre un débit nul. Il n'y a donc aucune perte d'énergie et aucun échauffement du liquide bien que la pompe soit toujours entraînée par l'arbre 4.When the control 24 is placed in the position shown in Figure 1, the spring 21 pushes the piston 20; the hydraulic fluid at the rear of the piston 20 is discharged through the line 22 and arrives at the reservoir 25 through the non-return valve 26. In this position, the reservoir 25 communicates with the chamber of the hydraulic transmitter 23 by the orifice 27. The withdrawal of the piston 20 has the result that the valves 16 are no longer kept applied against their seat, at the bottom of the chamber 10 so that the valve 16 - hollow body 15 assembly is repelled by the discharged liquid by each piston 1 and the lines 9 all communicate with each other by the collecting lines 12. It follows that the liquid discharged by the pistons 1 which are in the delivery phase freely penetrates into the bores 2 of the other pistons 1 which are in phase and thus the pump delivers a zero flow. There is therefore no loss of energy and no heating of the liquid although the pump is still driven by the shaft 4.

Ainsi par exemple, si la pompe est destinée à alimenter le vérin de soulèvement d'une benne basculante pour camion, il n'est plus nécessaire, comme cela se fait actuellement de disposer une commande d'embrayage mécanique pour l'arbre 4 de la pompe. La pompe est continuellement entraînée par la boîte de vitesse du camion, la commande 24 étant dans la position représentée à la figure 1. Lorsque le conducteur du camion désire actionner le benne, il lui suffit d'agir sur la commande 24 selon la flèche F pour l'amener dans la position représentée à la figure 2 ; les clapets 16 sont alors tous ramenés en position active par le piston 20 et la pompe fournit le débit et la pression hydraulique nécessaires à la manoeuvre de la benne.Thus, for example, if the pump is intended to supply the lifting cylinder of a tipper body for a truck, it is no longer necessary, as is currently the case, to have a mechanical clutch control for the shaft 4 of the pump. The pump is continuously driven by the gearbox of the truck, the control 24 being in the position shown in FIG. 1. When the driver of the truck wishes to actuate the bucket, he just has to act on the control 24 according to arrow F to bring it into the position shown in Figure 2; the valves 16 are then all brought back to the active position by the piston 20 and the pump provides the flow rate and the hydraulic pressure necessary for maneuvering the bucket.

Bien évidemment, l'invention n'est pas limitée à ce cas particulier d'utilisation qui n'est mentionné qu'a titre d'exemple pour illustrer l'avantage de la disposition, objet de la présente invention, par rapport aux dispositifs antérieurs connus.Obviously, the invention is not limited to this particular use case which is only mentioned by way of example to illustrate the advantage of the arrangement, object of the present invention, compared to the prior devices. known.

Les figures 4 à 6 illustrent deux variantes de réalisation dans lesquelles les mêmes éléments portent les mêmes références.Figures 4 to 6 illustrate two alternative embodiments in which the same elements have the same references.

Dans ces variantes, le mouvement du piston 20 qui commande la mise en oeuvre des clapets anti-retour est inversé par rapport à l'exemple précédent en ce sens que, en absence de toute pression à l'arrière du piston 20 les clapets sont actifs et qu'ils sont désactivés lorsque le piston 20 est soumis à une pression hydraulique.In these variants, the movement of the piston 20 which controls the implementation of the non-return valves is reversed compared to the previous example in the sense that, in the absence of any pressure at the rear of the piston 20, the valves are active and that they are deactivated when the piston 20 is subjected to hydraulic pressure.

Dans ce cas, le piston 20 est un piston à double effet. Il se déplace dans un alésage 30 qui est d'un côté relié à une canalisation 31 débouchant dans la chambre 30a et de l'autre à une canalisation 32 débouchant dans la chambre 30b.In this case, the piston 20 is a double-acting piston. It moves in a bore 30 which is on one side connected to a pipe 31 opening into the chamber 30a and on the other to a pipe 32 opening into the room 30b.

Le piston 20 comporte un organe de préhension 33 qui est engagé dans une gorge ménagée à l'arrière de chaque bouchon 18. De plus, le piston 20 n'est plus soumis à l'influence du ressort 21 mais à celle d'un ressort 34 qui est disposé en sens inverse. Il s'ensuit que lorsque le piston 20 est déplacé de la gauche vers la droite par la pression arrivant dans la chambre 30a, il comprime le ressort 34 et entraîne par l'organe 33 les bouchons 18 et donc les corps creux 15 et les clapets 16 sont dégagés des orifices 11 et donc rendus inactifs. Au contraire, sous l'action du ressort 34, ou d'une pression arrivant dans la chambre 30b, le piston est déplacé de la droite vers la gauche et les clapets 16 sont rendus actifs.The piston 20 comprises a gripping member 33 which is engaged in a groove formed at the rear of each plug 18. In addition, the piston 20 is no longer subjected to the influence of the spring 21 but to that of a spring. 34 which is arranged in reverse. It follows that when the piston 20 is moved from the left to the right by the pressure arriving in the chamber 30a, it compresses the spring 34 and drives the plugs 18 and therefore the hollow bodies 15 and the valves by the member 33 16 are released from the orifices 11 and therefore made inactive. On the contrary, under the action of the spring 34, or of a pressure arriving in the chamber 30b, the piston is moved from the right to the left and the valves 16 are made active.

L'orifice de sortie 13 de la pompe débite le liquide sous pression dans une canalisation 35 qui aboutit à un point de jonction 36. De ce point de jonction 36 partent trois canalisations : la canalisation 32 qui aboutit dans la chambre 30b, la canalisation 37 qui aboutit à un régulateur 38, la canalisation 39, qui est la canalisaiton de service, aboutissant à un équipement hydraulique quelconque, non représenté. Sur la canalisation 39 sont disposés un clapet anti-retour 41 et un accumulateur hydraulique 40. La canalisation 39 communique également avec le régulateur 38 par une canalisation 42 située entre l'accumulateur hydraulique 40 et le clapet anti-retour 41.The outlet orifice 13 of the pump delivers the pressurized liquid into a pipe 35 which ends at a junction point 36. From this junction point 36 there are three pipes: the pipe 32 which ends in the chamber 30b, the pipe 37 which leads to a regulator 38, the line 39, which is the service line, leading to any hydraulic equipment, not shown. On the pipe 39 are arranged a non-return valve 41 and a hydraulic accumulator 40. The pipe 39 also communicates with the regulator 38 by a pipe 42 located between the hydraulic accumulator 40 and the non-return valve 41.

Le régulateur 38 est destiné à remplir la fonction d'un conjoncteur-disjoncteur. A cet effet, il comporte un clapet de surpression et un tiroir de commande. La canalisation 37 débouche dans une chambre 43 qui communique avec le réservoir 44 par un orifice 45 obturé par un clapet 46 contretenu par un ressort 47, bandé par une butée réglable 48. De l'autre côté de la chambre 43 est disposé un tiroir 49 qui reçoit à son autre extrémité la pression arrivant par la canalisation 42; le tiroir 49 coulisse dans un alésage 50 relié d'une part à la canalisation 31 (et donc à la chambre 30a) et d'autre part au réservoir 44 par la canalisation 51, lesdites canalisations 31 et 51 étant séparées ou mises en communication par une cloison 52 portée par le tiroir 49.The regulator 38 is intended to fulfill the function of a contactor-circuit breaker. To this end, it includes a pressure relief valve and a control drawer. The pipe 37 opens into a chamber 43 which communicates with the reservoir 44 through an orifice 45 closed by a valve 46 constrained by a spring 47, bandaged by an adjustable stop 48. On the other side of the chamber 43 is a drawer 49 which receives at its other end the pressure arriving through line 42; the drawer 49 slides in a bore 50 connected on the one hand to the pipe 31 (and therefore to the chamber 30a) and on the other hand to the tank 44 by the pipe 51, said pipes 31 and 51 being separated or brought into communication by a partition 52 carried by the drawer 49.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif ainsi décrit est expliqué ci-après.The operation of the device thus described is explained below.

Lorsque l'arbre 4 est entraîne, le plateau biais 3 imprime aux pistons 1 und mouvement de va et vient ; le liquide arrivant par l'orifice 6 du réservoir 44 pénètre dans les pistons 1 par le passage 7 et les têtes 8 des pistons et est refoulé par les pistons dans les canalisations 9.When the shaft 4 is driven, the bias plate 3 gives the pistons 1 und back and forth movement; the liquid arriving through the orifice 6 of the reservoir 44 enters the pistons 1 through the passage 7 and the heads 8 of the pistons and is discharged by the pistons into the pipes 9.

Le piston 20 est repoussé par le ressort 34 de sorte que tous les clapets 16 sont en position active sur leurs orifices 11 respectifs. Le liquide sous pression sort de la pompe par l'orifice 13 et par la canalisation 35 arrive au point de jonction 36. Le liquide sous pression arrive par la canalisation 32 à l'arrière du piston 20 dans la chambre 32b et ajoute son action à celle du ressort 34. Le liquide sous pression emprunte la canalisation 39 et, à travers le clapet 41 charge l'accumulateur 40. Le liquide sous pression arrive aussi à la chambre 43 du conjoncteur­disjoncteur 38 par la canalisation 37 en traversant un passage calibré 53.The piston 20 is pushed back by the spring 34 so that all the valves 16 are in the active position on their respective orifices 11. The pressurized liquid leaves the pump through the orifice 13 and through the line 35 arrives at the junction point 36. The pressurized liquid arrives through the line 32 at the rear of the piston 20 in the chamber 32b and adds its action to that of the spring 34. The pressurized liquid borrows the pipe 39 and, through the valve 41 charges the accumulator 40. The pressurized liquid also arrives at the chamber 43 of the conjunctor-breaker 38 via the pipe 37 by crossing a calibrated passage 53.

Le tiroir 49 recevant la haute-pression sur ses deux faces par les canalisations 37 et 42 est en position d'équilibre.The slide 49 receiving the high pressure on its two faces by the pipes 37 and 42 is in the equilibrium position.

Lorsque la pression atteint une valeur maximum prédéterminée, qui correspond à la valeur maximum de chargement de l'accumulateur 40, le clapet 46 s'ouvre et met la chambre 43 en communication avec le réservoir 44. Le liquide qui s'écoule hors de la chambre 43 est remplacé par du liquide en provenance de la canalisation 37 ; ce débit, en passant à travers le passage calibré 53, subit une perte de charge ; de sorte que la presison appliquée par la canalisation 42 sur une des faces (à droite sur la figure) du tiroir 49 est supérieure à celle appliquée par la canalisation 37 sur l'autre face, ce qui provoque un déplacement du tiroir 49, qui par sa tige 49a maintient ouvert le clapet 46 et qui par sa cloison 52 interrompt la communication entre les canalisations 31 et 51. Le tiroir 49 comporte un perçage 54 qui permet à la pression arrivant par la canalisation 42 d'arriver jusqu'à la cloison 52 et donc, lorsque le tiroir 49 s'est déplacé, de communiquer avec la canalisation 31 et par conséquent avec la chambre 30a.When the pressure reaches a predetermined maximum value, which corresponds to the maximum charging value of the accumulator 40, the valve 46 opens and puts the chamber 43 in communication with the reservoir 44. The liquid which flows out of the room 43 east replaced by liquid from line 37; this flow, passing through the calibrated passage 53, undergoes a pressure drop; so that the pressure applied by the pipe 42 on one of the faces (on the right in the figure) of the drawer 49 is greater than that applied by the pipe 37 on the other face, which causes a displacement of the drawer 49, which by its rod 49a keeps the valve 46 open and which by its partition 52 interrupts the communication between the pipes 31 and 51. The drawer 49 has a bore 54 which allows the pressure arriving through the pipe 42 to reach the partition 52 and therefore, when the drawer 49 has moved, to communicate with the pipe 31 and therefore with the chamber 30a.

La chambre 30a étant sous pression, tandis que la chambre 30b est reliée au réservoir par la canalisation 32, la chambre 43 et le clapet 46, qui est maintenu ouvert par la tige 49a, il en résulte que le piston 20 se déplace de la gauche vers la droite sur la figure 4 en entraînant les corps creux 15 et les clapets 16 qui deviennent inactifs. A partir de ce moment là, la pompe ne fournit plus aucun débit. La pression tombe dans les canalisations 32, 35, 37.The chamber 30a being under pressure, while the chamber 30b is connected to the reservoir by the pipe 32, the chamber 43 and the valve 46, which is kept open by the rod 49a, it follows that the piston 20 moves from the left to the right in Figure 4 by driving the hollow bodies 15 and the valves 16 which become inactive. From this moment, the pump no longer provides any flow. The pressure falls in the pipes 32, 35, 37.

La pression hydraulique qui règne dans l'accumulateur 40 ferme le clapet 41 et par la canalisation 42, l'orifice 54 et la canalisation 31 maintient le piston 20 dans la position pour laquelle il rend inactif les clapets 16. A part les fuites internes, il n'y a plus aucune circulation de fluide en amont du clapet anti-­retour 41.The hydraulic pressure which prevails in the accumulator 40 closes the valve 41 and by the pipe 42, the orifice 54 and the pipe 31 keeps the piston 20 in the position for which it makes the valves 16 inactive. Apart from internal leaks, there is no longer any circulation of fluid upstream of the non-return valve 41.

L'accumulateur hydraulique 40 fournit à l'équipement hydraulique, non représenté, situé en aval le liquide hydraulique sous pression nécessaire à son fonctionnement. Comme ce liquide hydraulique sous pression n'est pas renouvelé par la pompe qui ne produit plus aucun débit, la pression tombe progressivement de sorte que le clapet 46 revient à sa position d'origine, ce qui met la chambre 30a en liaison avec le réservoir 44 par les canalisations 31 et 51 ; le piston 20 revient en position d'origine et la pompe se remet à débiter.The hydraulic accumulator 40 supplies the hydraulic equipment, not shown, located downstream with the pressurized hydraulic liquid necessary for its operation. As this hydraulic fluid under pressure is not renewed by the pump which does not produces no more flow, the pressure gradually drops so that the valve 46 returns to its original position, which puts the chamber 30a in connection with the reservoir 44 via the pipes 31 and 51; the piston 20 returns to the original position and the pump starts to flow again.

On obtient ainsi une commande automatique au moyen de laquelle la pompe ne fournit un débit sous pression que lorsque cela est nécessaire.An automatic control is thus obtained by means of which the pump provides a pressurized flow only when necessary.

A titre d'exemple une telle disposition peut être avantageusement utilisée pour la commande d'une direction assistée de véhicule automobile. La direction assistée n'est pratiquement nécessaire que pour effectuer les manoeuvres pour garer un véhicule, c'est-­à-dire lorsque le moteur est au ralenti et sa vitesse pratiquement nulle. Il en résulte qu'il est nécessaire de calculer les composants du circuit hydraulic pour qu'ils puissent fournir une puissance importante lorsque le moteur est au ralenti, par exemple à 800 t/mn. Lorsque le véhicule circule sur route à grande vitesse, les efforts sur la direction sont minimes alors que le moteur tourne beaucoup plus vite, soit par exemple à 4.000 t/mn ce qui signifie que la pompe hydraulique fournit une puissance cinq fois plus grande. Il y a donc un gaspillage d'énergie considérable et un risque réel d'échauffement du liquide hydraulique qui oblige à prévoir des dispositifs de refroidissement. Avec le dispositif ainsi décrit, le système de direction fonctionne avec l'accumulateur sur route, ledit accumulateur étant régulièrement rechargé, la pompe ne fournissant aucun débit la plupart du temps.By way of example, such an arrangement can be advantageously used for controlling a power steering of a motor vehicle. The power steering is practically only necessary to perform the maneuvers to park a vehicle, that is to say when the engine is idling and its speed practically zero. As a result, it is necessary to calculate the components of the hydraulic circuit so that they can provide significant power when the engine is idling, for example at 800 rpm. When the vehicle is traveling on the road at high speed, the steering effort is minimal while the engine is running much faster, for example at 4,000 rpm, which means that the hydraulic pump provides five times greater power. There is therefore a considerable waste of energy and a real risk of overheating of the hydraulic fluid which requires the provision of cooling devices. With the device thus described, the steering system operates with the accumulator on the road, said accumulator being regularly recharged, the pump providing no flow most of the time.

Bien évidemment, l'invention n'est pas limitée à ce cas particulier d'utilisation qui n'est donné que pour illustrer l'avantage procuré par l'invention.Obviously, the invention is not limited to this particular use case which is given only to illustrate the advantage provided by the invention.

Les figures 5 et 6 représentent une variante de réalisation du dispositif de la figure 4 dans lequel les mêmes éléments portent les mêmes références. Dans cet exemple, la pompe hydraulique est une pompe à deux débits, c'est-à-dire qu'elle comporte six pistons 1 qui refoulent le liquide dans six chambres 10, les chambres 10a, 10b, 10c étant reliées entre elles par des canalisations collectrices 12a et 12b débouchent dans un orifice de sortie 13a ; tandis que les chambres 10d, 10c, 10f sont reliées entre elles par des canalisations collectrices 12c et 12d qui débouchent dans un orifice de sortie 13b. On obtient ainsi deux débits de sortie différents, indépendants l'un de l'autre l'un en 13a et l'autre en 13b.Figures 5 and 6 show an alternative embodiment of the device of Figure 4 in which the same elements have the same references. In this example, the hydraulic pump is a two-flow pump, that is to say that it has six pistons 1 which discharge the liquid into six chambers 10, the chambers 10a, 10b, 10c being connected to one another by collecting pipes 12a and 12b open into an outlet orifice 13a; while the chambers 10d, 10c, 10f are interconnected by collecting pipes 12c and 12d which open into an outlet orifice 13b. Two different output flows are thus obtained, independent of each other, one at 13a and the other at 13b.

Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 5, les corps 55 des clapets 56 des chambres 10d, 10c et 10f sont vissés et sont donc fixes ; tandis que les corps 15 des clapets 16 des chambres 10a, 10b et 10c sont mobiles et mûs par le piston 20.As can be seen in FIG. 5, the bodies 55 of the valves 56 of the chambers 10d, 10c and 10f are screwed and are therefore fixed; while the bodies 15 of the valves 16 of the chambers 10a, 10b and 10c are movable and moved by the piston 20.

Il en résulte que la pompe décrite aux figures 5 et 6 fournit deux débits dont l'un, par l'orifice de sortie 13b, est constant tandis que l'autre, par l'orifice de sortie 13a est intermittent.As a result, the pump described in FIGS. 5 and 6 provides two flow rates, one of which, through the outlet orifice 13b, is constant while the other, through the outlet orifice 13a is intermittent.

Selon une autre variante de réalisation qui n'est pas représentée, parce qu'elle est très facile à comprendre, on peut disposer les différentes chambres 10 dans lesquelles coulissent les corps creux 15 portant les clapets anti-retour 16, de telle sorte que leurs profondeurs respectives soient différentes ; ainsi lorsque le piston 20 se déplace, les clapets 16 ne viennent pas tous simultanément obturer leurs orifices 11 respectifs mais viennent les obturer l'un après l'autre de façon séquentielle : on obtient ainsi une mise en service ou une mise hors service progressive de la pompe, ce qui peut être particulièrement avantageux.According to another alternative embodiment which is not shown, because it is very easy to understand, the various chambers 10 can be arranged in which the hollow bodies 15 carrying the non-return valves 16 slide, so that their respective depths are different; thus when the piston 20 moves, the valves 16 do not all simultaneously close their respective orifices 11 but come to close them one after the other in a sequential manner: a progressive commissioning or deactivation is thus obtained. the pump, which can be particularly advantageous.

Il a été précédemment expliqué que le dispositif représenté aux figures 1 à 3 pouvait avantageusement être employé pour alimenter le vérin de soulèvement d'une benne basculante pour camion : les figures 7 à 10 représentent un mode préférentiel de mise en oeuvre de l'invention pour cette utilisation particulière.It has been previously explained that the device represented in FIGS. 1 to 3 could advantageously be used to power the lifting cylinder of a tilting tipper for a truck: FIGS. 7 to 10 represent a preferred embodiment of the invention for this particular use.

Dans ces figures, les éléments identiques à ceux des figures précédentes portent les mêmes références.In these figures, the elements identical to those of the preceding figures have the same references.

La chambre 30b du vérin 20 est reliée par une canalisation 56 à un distributeur de commande 57. Dans l'exemple représente, le distributeur 57 est relié à la source d'air comprimé du camion, mais il pourrait être relié à une source hydraulique.The chamber 30b of the jack 20 is connected by a pipe 56 to a control distributor 57. In the example shown, the distributor 57 is connected to the source of compressed air of the truck, but it could be connected to a hydraulic source.

La canalisation collectrice 12, comporte juste en amont de la sortie 13 (qui alimente le vérin de soulèvement de la benne) une dérivation 12 bis qui aboutit dans une chambre 60 qui est reliée par un perçage 12ter à la chambre d'admission 5. Cette canalisation 12bis est obturée par un clapet piloté 61 qui est solidaire d'un piston creux 62 coulissant dans un alésage 63 et contretenu par un ressort 64. Le clapet 61 est percé en son centre d'un orifice calibré de très petit diamètre 61a.The collecting pipe 12, comprises just upstream of the outlet 13 (which feeds the lifting cylinder of the bucket) a bypass 12 bis which ends in a chamber 60 which is connected by a bore 12ter to the intake chamber 5. This pipe 12bis is closed by a controlled valve 61 which is integral with a hollow piston 62 sliding in a bore 63 and constrained by a spring 64. The valve 61 is pierced in its center with a calibrated orifice of very small diameter 61a.

L'alésage 63 est relié par une canalisation 65 a une soupape de commande 66 et par une canalisation 67 à la chambre 30a du vérin 20. La soupape de commande 66 est reliée à la chambre 60, en avant du piston 62, par une canalisation 68. La soupape de commande 66, comporte une bille 69, actionnée par un poussoir 70, mû par une poignée 71, avec interposition d'un ressort 72 entre le poussoir 70 et la bille 69.The bore 63 is connected by a pipe 65 to a control valve 66 and by a pipe 67 to the chamber 30a of the jack 20. The control valve 66 is connected to the chamber 60, in front of the piston 62, by a pipe 68. The control valve 66 comprises a ball 69, actuated by a pusher 70, moved by a handle 71, with interposition of a spring 72 between the pusher 70 and the ball 69.

Sur la figure 7, on voit que lorsque le vérin 20 est repoussé par le ressort 21, le débit est nul. Le clapet piloté 61 est en position fermée.In Figure 7, we see that when the cylinder 20 is pushed by the spring 21, the flow is zero. The piloted valve 61 is in the closed position.

Sur la figure 8, on voit que la commande 57 a été mise en oeuvre. La chambre 30b est alors alimentée (par de l'air comprimé par exemple) et le vérin 20 est repoussé: les clapets de refoulement 15 sont alors tous en position active. La pression naissant au refoulement de la pompe soulève le clapet 61 et la pression débitée retourne par la canalisation 12ter dans la chambre d'admission 5.In FIG. 8, it can be seen that the command 57 has been implemented. The chamber 30b is then supplied (by compressed air for example) and the jack 20 is pushed back: the discharge valves 15 are then all in the active position. The pressure arising at the discharge of the pump raises the valve 61 and the pressure delivered returns through the line 12ter into the intake chamber 5.

En se reportant à la figure 9, on voit que lorsque la commande 66 est actionnée, la bille 69 ferme la communication entre les canalisations 65 et 68. Le liquide hydraulique qui passe à travers le perçage 61a, aboutit dans l'alésage 63, la chambre 30a et la canalisation 65. Cette dernière étant obturée par la bille 69, la pression monte dans l'alésage 63 et cette pression repousse, avec le ressort 64, le clapet 61 qui obture la canalisation 12a, la haute pression est alors envoyée par la canalisation 13 au récepteur hydraulique (vérin 73, figure 10).Referring to FIG. 9, it can be seen that when the control 66 is actuated, the ball 69 closes the communication between the pipes 65 and 68. The hydraulic fluid which passes through the bore 61a, ends in the bore 63, the chamber 30a and the pipe 65. The latter being closed by the ball 69, the pressure rises in the bore 63 and this pressure pushes back, with the spring 64, the valve 61 which closes the pipe 12a, the high pressure is then sent by line 13 to the hydraulic receiver (cylinder 73, Figure 10).

En fonction de l'effort qu'il exerce sur la manette 71, l'utilisateur va pouvoir, à volonté, moduler la pression qui arrive au vérin 73. Si la manette est à peine poussée et le ressort 72 à peine comprimé, la pression arrivant en 65 va soulever la bille 69, arriver par 68 dans la chambre 60 et repousser le piston 62 en ouvrant le clapet 61, ce qui fait chuter la pression jusqu'à ce que la bille 69 referme la canalisation 65. La pression maximum est obtenue quand l'épaulement 70a du poussoir 70 est en appui contre le corps de la soupape 66.Depending on the force exerted on the lever 71, the user will be able, at will, to modulate the pressure which arrives at the jack 73. If the lever is barely pushed and the spring 72 barely compressed, the pressure arriving at 65 will raise the ball 69, arrive by 68 in the chamber 60 and push back the piston 62 by opening the valve 61, which causes the pressure to drop until the ball 69 closes the pipe 65. The maximum pressure is obtained when the shoulder 70a of the pusher 70 is in abutment against the body of the valve 66.

En se reportant à la figure 10 où sont représentés le vérin 73 et la benne 74, on voit que l'on peut disposer un dispositif de sécurité de fin de course.Referring to Figure 10 where the cylinder 73 and the bucket 74 are shown, it can be seen that one can have a safety device at the end of the stroke.

La benne 74 comporte un doigt 75 qui, en fin de course agit sur un micro-rupteur 76 qui commande une valve 77 par un solénoïde 78. Cette valve 77 rétablit la communication entre les canalisations 65 et 68 par les dérivations 65a et 68a en contournant la commande 66. On se retrouve alors dans le même cas que lorsque la bille 69 est en position de pleine ouverture.The bucket 74 has a finger 75 which, at the end of the stroke, acts on a microswitch 76 which controls a valve 77 by a solenoid 78. This valve 77 restores the communication between the pipes 65 and 68 by the branches 65a and 68a bypassing the control 66. We then find ourselves in the same case as when the ball 69 is in the fully open position.

Claims (14)

1. Pompe hydraulique à piston axiaux (1) dans laquelle chaque piston (1) refoule le liquide hydraulique à travers un clapet anti-retour, lesdits clapets anti­retour étant relié à un vérin de commande (20) au moyen duquel les clapets anti-retour peuvent être rendus inopérants, caractérisée par le fait que les clapets anti-retour sont placés dans une chambre (10) et sont constitués par un support coulissant (15) à l'intérieur duquel est disposé un ressort (17) agissant sur un organe (16), faisant clapet, qui coulisse à l'intérieur du support coulissant (15) ce dernier pouvant être, à volonté, attelé par tout moyen approprié au vérin de commande (20).1. Hydraulic axial piston pump (1) in which each piston (1) delivers the hydraulic fluid through a non-return valve, said non-return valves being connected to a control cylinder (20) by means of which the non-return valves can be rendered inoperative, characterized in that the non-return valves are placed in a chamber (10) and are constituted by a sliding support (15) inside which is arranged a spring (17) acting on a member ( 16), forming a valve, which slides inside the sliding support (15), the latter being able to be, at will, coupled by any means suitable for the control jack (20). 2. Pompe hydraulique selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle tous les clapets de refoulement (16) peuvent être rendus simultanément opérants ou inopérants de sorte lorsqu'ils sont opérants la pompe débite normalement et qu'elle ait un débit nul lorsqu'ils sont inopérants.2. Hydraulic pump according to claim 1, in which all the discharge valves (16) can be made simultaneously operative or inoperative so that when they are operative the pump delivers normally and has a zero flow when they are inoperative . 3. Pompe hydraulique multi-débits selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle un certain nombre seulement de clapets peuvent être rendus opérants ou inopérants de sorte que l'un de ses débits puisse être annulé.3. Multi-flow hydraulic pump according to claim 1, in which only a certain number of valves can be made operative or inoperative so that one of its flows can be canceled. 4. Pompe hydraulique selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle tous les clapets peuvent être rendus opérants ou inopérants, mais de façon séquentielle de façon que le débit de la pompe soit supprimé ou rétabli de façon progressive.4. Hydraulic pump according to claim 1, in which all the valves can be made operative or inoperative, but sequentially so that the flow of the pump is suppressed or gradually restored. 5. Pompe hydraulique selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle toutes les chambres (10) sont reliées les unes aux autres par une canalisation collectrice et tous les supports coulissants (15) des clapets (16) sont actionnés simultanément par le vérin de commande (20) de telle sorte que tous les clapets (16) sont simultanméent rendus inopérants ou opérants, la pompe ayant un débit nul lorsque tous les clapets (16) sont inopérants.5. Hydraulic pump according to claim 2, in which all the chambers (10) are connected to each other by a collecting pipe and all the sliding supports (15) of the valves (16) are actuated simultaneously by the control cylinder (20) so that all the valves (16) are simultaneously made inoperative or operating, the pump having a zero flow when all the valves (16) are inoperative. 6. Pompe selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle la longueur de la course des supports coulissants (15) entre la position opérante et la position inopérante varie de façon séquentielle d'une chambre de refoulement (10) à l'autre, de telle sorte que la mise en service ou hors service des clapets (16) se fasse de façon séquentielle et progressive.6. Pump according to claim 5, in which the length of the stroke of the sliding supports (15) between the operating position and the inoperative position varies sequentially from one delivery chamber (10) to the other, so that whether the valves (16) are put into service or out of service sequentially and gradually. 7. Pompe selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle certains supports (55) de clapets (56) sont fixes et d'autres mobiles, les chambres (10d, 10e, 10f) munies de supportes fixes (56) étant reliées entre elles et à une sortie unique (13b) et les chambres (10a, 10b, 10 c) munies de supports mobiles étant reliées entre elles et à une autre sortie (13a) ; de telle sorte que la pompe fournisse deux débits dont l'un est constant et l'autre intermittent.7. Pump according to claim 1, in which certain supports (55) of valves (56) are fixed and others mobile, the chambers (10d, 10e, 10f) provided with fixed supports (56) being connected to each other and to a single outlet (13b) and the chambers (10a, 10b, 10 c) provided with movable supports being connected to each other and to another outlet (13a); so that the pump provides two flows, one constant and the other intermittent. 8. Pompe hydraulique selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle le vérin de commande (20) est un vérin à double effet dont une chambre (30a) est reliée à un conjoncteur-disjoncteur (38) et dont l'autre chambre (30b) est reliée à la canalisation de sortie (35) en un point de liaison (36) situé en amont d'un clapet anti­retour (41), ledit joint de liaison (36) étant relié audit conjoncteur-disjoncteur (38) par une canalisation (37) ; le circuit récepteur destiné à utiliser la pression hydraulique comportant en aval du point de liaison (36) un accumulateur (40) et une liaison (42) au conjoncteur-disjoncteur ; de telle sorte que lorsque la pression emmagasinée dans l'accumulateur (40) atteint une valeur maximale prédéterminée, le vérin (20) rend tous les clapets (15) inopérants et que lorsqu'elle rombe au-dessous d'une valeur minimale prédéterminée le vérin (20) rend tous les clapets (15) actifs.8. Hydraulic pump according to claim 2, in which the control cylinder (20) is a double-acting cylinder, one chamber (30a) of which is connected to a circuit breaker (38) and the other chamber of which (30b) is connected to the outlet pipe (35) at a connection point (36) located upstream of a non-return valve (41), said connection joint (36) being connected to said contactor-circuit breaker (38) by a pipe (37 ); the receiving circuit intended to use the hydraulic pressure comprising downstream of the connection point (36) an accumulator (40) and a connection (42) to the contactor-circuit breaker; so that when the pressure stored in the accumulator (40) reaches a predetermined maximum value, the jack (20) makes all the valves (15) inoperative and that when it falls below a predetermined minimum value the jack (20) makes all the valves (15) active. 9. Pompe hydraulique selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle chaque clapet de refoulement (15) débite dans une canalisation de refoulement (13) individuelle et dans laquelle au moins deux clapets de refoulement (66a, 66d) sont conjugués par une commande (60) de façon que lorsque l'un est ouvert, l'autre soit fermé, les deux canalisations de refoulement correspondantes (13a, 13d) étant reliées chacune à une chambre (68, 69) d'un vérin à double effet (70) de sorte que la commande de conjugaison (60) des deux clapets de refoulement (66a, 66d) remplisse la fonction d'un distributeur hydraulique.9. Hydraulic pump according to claim 1, in which each discharge valve (15) flows into an individual discharge pipe (13) and in which at least two discharge valves (66a, 66d) are combined by a control (60) so that when one is open, the other is closed, the two corresponding delivery pipes (13a, 13d) being each connected to a chamber (68, 69) of a double-acting cylinder (70) so that the conjugation control (60) of the two discharge valves (66a, 66d) fulfills the function of a hydraulic distributor. 10. Pompe hydraulique selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comporte en plus une soupape de régulation de pression (61) placée sur une dérivation (12bis) de la conduite (12) collectrice des débits de refoulement, cette dérivation (12bis) communiquant par une conduite (12ter) avec la chambre d'admission (5) de la pompe.10. Hydraulic pump according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a pressure regulating valve (61) placed on a branch (12bis) of the pipe (12) collecting the delivery flows, this branch ( 12bis) communicating by a line (12ter) with the intake chamber (5) of the pump. 11. Pompe hydraulique selon la revendication 10, dans laquelle la soupape de régulation de pression (61) est un clapet piloté relié à un piston (62) placé sur une canalisation (65-68) au milieu de laquelle est interposée une soupape de commande (66) comportant une bille actionnée un poussoir (70) et un ressort (72), la force avec laquelle ledit ressort (72) applique la bille (69) sur son siège, déterminant le pression maximum admise dans la canalisation de sortie (13).11. Hydraulic pump according to claim 10, in which the pressure regulating valve (61) is a controlled valve connected to a piston (62) placed on a pipe (65-68) in the middle of which is interposed a control valve. (66) comprising a ball actuated a pusher (70) and a spring (72), the force with which said spring (72) applies the ball (69) to its seat, determining the maximum pressure admitted into the outlet pipe (13 ). 12. Pompe selon la revendication 11, dans laquelle le poussoir (70) commandant le tarage du ressort (72) est actionné par une mannette (71).12. Pump according to claim 11, wherein the pusher (70) controlling the calibration of the spring (72) is actuated by a handle (71). 13. Circuit hydraulique de commande d'un vérin (73) de soulèvement d'une benne (74), caractérisé par le fait que ledit vérin est alimenté par une pompe selon la revendication 12.13. Hydraulic circuit for controlling a jack (73) for lifting a bucket (74), characterized in that said jack is supplied by a pump according to claim 12. 14. Circuit hydraulique selon la revendication 13, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte une sécurité de fin de course comportant une électrovanne (77) actionnée par un micro-récepteur (76) lorsque la benne (74) est en fin de course, ladite électrovanne court­circuitant la soupape de commande (66) et provoquant ainsi l'ouverture du clapet régulateur de pression (61).14. Hydraulic circuit according to claim 13, characterized in that it includes an end-of-travel safety device comprising a solenoid valve (77) actuated by a micro-receiver (76) when the bucket (74) is at the end of the travel, said solenoid valve short-circuiting the control valve (66) and thus causing the opening of the pressure regulating valve (61).
EP88400381A 1987-02-20 1988-02-19 Hydraulic pumps Expired - Lifetime EP0283348B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8702238A FR2611236B1 (en) 1987-02-20 1987-02-20 HYDRAULIC PUMP WITH AXIAL PISTONS PROVIDED WITH NON-RETURN VALVE HYDRAULICALLY CONTROLLED
FR8702238 1987-02-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0283348A1 true EP0283348A1 (en) 1988-09-21
EP0283348B1 EP0283348B1 (en) 1990-09-19

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ID=9348139

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88400381A Expired - Lifetime EP0283348B1 (en) 1987-02-20 1988-02-19 Hydraulic pumps

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Country Link
US (1) US5032061A (en)
EP (1) EP0283348B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3860624D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2018614B3 (en)
FR (1) FR2611236B1 (en)

Cited By (2)

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FR2668547A1 (en) * 1990-10-30 1992-04-30 Bendix Europ Services Tech RECIPROCATING PISTON PUMP COMPRISING A VARIABLE VOLUME OUTPUT CHAMBER, IN PARTICULAR FOR A BRAKING CIRCUIT.
WO2014117787A1 (en) * 2013-01-30 2014-08-07 Baroud Billal Hydraulic pump having axial pistons and a grooved sliding shaft, and valve

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JP2606758Y2 (en) * 1992-12-22 2001-01-09 株式会社小松製作所 Hydraulic pump / motor cylinder chamber pressure control device
DE4424609B4 (en) * 1994-07-13 2006-01-19 Danfoss A/S Hydraulic axial piston machine
JP3656205B2 (en) * 1997-06-25 2005-06-08 株式会社日立製作所 Hydraulic pump for power steering system
DE19953766C1 (en) 1999-11-09 2001-08-09 Danfoss As Hydraulic axial piston machine
RU2172428C1 (en) * 2000-10-18 2001-08-20 Смирнов Игорь Сергеевич Axial-piston pump and vehicle hydraulic transmission with axial- piston pump
US7018181B2 (en) * 2003-05-01 2006-03-28 Wagner Spray Tech Corporation Swashplate pump

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FR2668547A1 (en) * 1990-10-30 1992-04-30 Bendix Europ Services Tech RECIPROCATING PISTON PUMP COMPRISING A VARIABLE VOLUME OUTPUT CHAMBER, IN PARTICULAR FOR A BRAKING CIRCUIT.
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US5176428A (en) * 1990-10-30 1993-01-05 Bendix Europe Services Techniques Hydraulic pump
WO2014117787A1 (en) * 2013-01-30 2014-08-07 Baroud Billal Hydraulic pump having axial pistons and a grooved sliding shaft, and valve

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2018614B3 (en) 1991-04-16
DE3860624D1 (en) 1990-10-25
EP0283348B1 (en) 1990-09-19
FR2611236A1 (en) 1988-08-26
FR2611236B1 (en) 1991-12-13
US5032061A (en) 1991-07-16

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