EP0281856B1 - Usage of a device in flowing waters with sidelong branches or widenings - Google Patents

Usage of a device in flowing waters with sidelong branches or widenings Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0281856B1
EP0281856B1 EP88102777A EP88102777A EP0281856B1 EP 0281856 B1 EP0281856 B1 EP 0281856B1 EP 88102777 A EP88102777 A EP 88102777A EP 88102777 A EP88102777 A EP 88102777A EP 0281856 B1 EP0281856 B1 EP 0281856B1
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arrangement
channel
flow
region
branch
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0281856A1 (en
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Hermann Dr.-Ing. Christiansen
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/02Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow

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  • the invention relates to the use of a device in flowing water with a lateral branch or extension, in particular in the form of an artificial waterway or a harbor basin, to avoid flow rollers with corresponding silt / sand deposits.
  • Rolling currents arise from the fact that, starting from the point of separation at the side branch or extension, water flowing past, transfers vortex-induced frictional forces to the water body, which is relatively still, in the area of the side branch or extension and thus sets it in rotation.
  • the flow in these rollers rotates around a vertical axis.
  • the entire amount of water introduced into the roller from the river flows back into the river.
  • part of the amount of water brought in by the river at the outer edge of the roller to fill the tidal volume flows into the side branch or extension during the flood phase, while another part flows back into the river.
  • the roller flow causes an effect in the area beneath it, which is known as the so-called “teacup effect”: in the area under the rotating roller, a pressure gradient is generated by frictional forces, which is directed towards the axis of rotation of the roller.
  • the near-bottom water flow and thus the amounts of silt / sand that are transported there in high concentration are subject to this pressure gradient. They are guided in a spiral to the roller core and are deposited there.
  • silt and sand with a high transport capacity are also introduced from the outer partial edge of the roller, where the flow speeds are greatest, into the rear areas of the harbor basin, where they are deposited in the core of secondary rollers or other areas.
  • roller currents can also cause problems for ships to carry out their steering maneuvers in a controlled manner at the inevitably low cruising speed.
  • the absolute amount of silt / sand deposits due to the roller depends on the volume of water exchanged via the roller and the concentration of the silt / sand components that are introduced above and ultimately forced to deposit depending on the intensity of the "teacup effect".
  • the object of the invention is to build flow rollers with simple measures without To prevent external energy supply and thus also to enable favorable maneuvering conditions for ships in this area while maintaining a sufficiently wide navigable entrance.
  • the advantage of this design is that the partial flow diverted by the channel moves as a relatively slow-flowing separating flow between watercourses and lateral branching or extension, and prevents both the formation of large-scale rollers and the water exchange otherwise caused by them.
  • the partial flow that is positively directed via the channel must produce such changed water level and flow conditions in the side branch or extension that no large-scale rotating roller is developed.
  • the beginning of the branching or widening is designed as a flow-guiding area.
  • the bank boundary underflow is designed as a streamlined guide area with a shoulder as the above rolling system for ships.
  • the deflecting partition be formed by a plurality of individual deflecting partition walls which overlap at a distance and which have passages directed outward in the direction of flow. This also makes it possible to prevent the build-up of smaller partial flow rollers behind the wall.
  • the deflecting partition has openings as windows through which partial flows exit the channel to the outside.
  • the inlet opening of the channel has a guide wall of low construction height, which is arranged obliquely to the direction of flow, such as a floor sill, which forms a deflector for suspended matter carried near the floor and for attachments.
  • a simple arrangement consists in that the deflecting partition is arranged starting from the water bed over the entire area of the water level up to the free water level.
  • deflection partition is arranged only in the upper part of the water level.
  • the diverting partition starting from the water bed, be arranged only in the lower part of the water level.
  • the channel be covered at the top as a closed channel.
  • a favorable embodiment is that the channel formed is formed by a tube.
  • An embodiment of the invention is created in that the deflection partition is held by a floating arrangement.
  • Advantageous conditions in the dimensioning of the channel formed arise according to the invention in that the channel cross-sectional area formed is dimensioned approximately in the range of 5 to 15% of the inlet cross-sectional area of the branch or extension.
  • a river 1 is shown, which has a flow according to the arrows 2.
  • a harbor basin 3 branches off from this river 1.
  • a deflection partition 4 is arranged to form a channel 5 with the bank boundary 6.
  • the bank boundary 6 in the dividing point 15 is designed as an aerodynamic region 7.
  • the diverting partition 4 is formed, for example, by sheet piling and the channel 5 thus formed with the bank boundary 6 has an inlet opening 10 in the river area 1 and an outlet opening 11 in the branch area 3.
  • a channeled amount of water 2 'as a partial flow becomes the area of the harbor basin 3 supplied, which is directed against an otherwise developing backflow 12 'of a flow roller 12, the structure of the flow roller 12 being prevented from occurring.
  • This also prevents the disadvantageous consequences of a flow meter 12.
  • the branched partial stream 2 'thus forms a corresponding interference current.
  • FIG. 2 an embodiment is shown in which the bank boundary 6 is formed in the dividing point 15 in a streamlined manner in that in extension a wall 7 is erected, which forms the deflection channel 5 with the deflection partition 4 in the branch area 3.
  • the additional arrangement of a wall 8 creates a surface that can be used as the above rolling system for ships 9.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of two deflecting partition walls 4 'and 4 "which overlap at a distance. The overlap takes place in such a way that an outwardly directed passage 13 results in the direction of flow. This also makes it possible to form Preventing partial rolls in the border area between river 1 and harbor basin 3. A comparable effect is also achieved by the embodiment according to FIG. 6 with openings 16 ', 16 ", 16'.
  • a bottom sleeper 14 is arranged, which runs in the form of a hydraulically favorably shaped deflector according to FIG. 4. In this way, a material rejection effect can be achieved in a simple manner.
  • deflection channel 5 For constructional or port operational reasons, it may be necessary to erect the deflection channel 5 in a closed manner.
  • the partial flow which is positively directed via the channel must produce such changed water level and flow conditions in the side branch or extension that no large-scale rotating roller is developed. This is usually the case if the size of the channel cross-section is approximately in the region of 10% of the inlet cross-sectional area of the branch or extension.
  • optimal conditions are achieved when the channel cross-section is dimensioned so that the diverted amount of water corresponds to the tidal volume of the lateral branch or extension. This results in the following formula:
  • a quantity of water measured in this way through the channel cross section fulfills the functions of filling the harbor basin while at the same time preventing water exchange processes by rolling in the direct contact area with the watercourse.
  • the mud and sand deposits otherwise caused by these exchange and flow processes can thus be prevented.
  • the flow conditions for performing safe ship maneuvers are improved in such a way that the reduced width created by the device in the driveway is more than compensated for.
  • the bank at the beginning of the branch can optionally be optimally shaped hydraulically by constructive changes (FIGS. 1, 3, 4) or additional guide walls (FIG. 2).
  • the maximum possible entry widths in the side branch or extension are retained.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Cleaning Or Clearing Of The Surface Of Open Water (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Verwendung einer Vorrichtung in einem fließenden Gewässer mit seitlicher Abzweigung bzw. Erweiterung, insbesondere in Form einer künstlichen Wasserstraße oder eines Hafenbeckens, zur Vermeidung von Strömungswalzen mit entsprechenden Schlick-/Sandablagerungen.The invention relates to the use of a device in flowing water with a lateral branch or extension, in particular in the form of an artificial waterway or a harbor basin, to avoid flow rollers with corresponding silt / sand deposits.

Seitliche Abzweigungen bzw. Erweiterungen mit den dort auftretenden Strömungswalzen gibt es an natürlichen und künstlichen Fließgewässern mit und ohne Tideeinfluß, beispielsweise in Form von Hafenbecken, Schleusenzufahrten, Kanalabzweigungen, Stromteilungen oder dergleichen.Lateral branches or extensions with the flow rollers that occur there are on natural and artificial flowing waters with and without tidal influence, for example in the form of harbor basins, lock approaches, canal branches, stream divisions or the like.

Walzenströmungen entstehen dadurch, daß, ausgehend vom Trennpunkt an der seitlichen Abzweigung bzw. Erweiterung, vorbeiströmendes Wasser, wirbelbedingte Reibungskräfte auf den relativ in Ruhe dazu befindlichen Wasserkörper im Bereich der seitlichen Abzweigung bzw. Erweiterung überträgt und damit in Rotation versetzt. In diesen Walzen rotiert die Strömung um eine vertikale Achse. Bei fließenden Gewässern ohne Tidewirkung strömt die gesamte, vom Fluß in die Walze eingebrachte Wassermenge auch wieder in den Fluß zurück. Bei tidebeeinflußten Gewässern strömt während der Flutphase ein Teil der vom Fluß am äußeren Rand der Walze eingebrachten Wassermenge zur Füllung des Tidevolumens in die seitliche Abzweigung bzw. Erweiterung ein, während ein anderer Teil wieder in den Fluß zurückströmt.Rolling currents arise from the fact that, starting from the point of separation at the side branch or extension, water flowing past, transfers vortex-induced frictional forces to the water body, which is relatively still, in the area of the side branch or extension and thus sets it in rotation. The flow in these rollers rotates around a vertical axis. In flowing waters with no tidal effect, the entire amount of water introduced into the roller from the river flows back into the river. In tidal waters, part of the amount of water brought in by the river at the outer edge of the roller to fill the tidal volume flows into the side branch or extension during the flood phase, while another part flows back into the river.

Bei Ebbe treten in der Regel keine Walzen auf, weil ihre Entstehung durch das aus der seitlichen Abzweigung bzw. Erweiterung in den Fluß zurückströmende Wasser unterdrückt wird.At low tide there are generally no rollers because their formation is suppressed by the water flowing back into the river from the side branch or extension.

Durch die Walzenströmung wird im Bereich der darunter befindlichen Sohle ein Effekt hervorgerufen, der als sog. "Teetasseneffekt" bekannt ist: Im Sohlbereich unter der rotierenden Walze wird durch Reibungskräfte ein Druckgradient erzeugt, der auf die Drehachse der Walze gerichtet ist. Diesem Druckgradienten unterliegen die sohlnahe Wasserströmung und damit die dort in hoher Konzentration mittransportierten Schlick- /Sandmengen. Sie werden spiralförmig zum Walzenkern geführt und lagern sich dort ab.The roller flow causes an effect in the area beneath it, which is known as the so-called "teacup effect": in the area under the rotating roller, a pressure gradient is generated by frictional forces, which is directed towards the axis of rotation of the roller. The near-bottom water flow and thus the amounts of silt / sand that are transported there in high concentration are subject to this pressure gradient. They are guided in a spiral to the roller core and are deposited there.

In Tidehäfen werden neben diesem Effekt auch noch vom äußeren Teilrand der Walze her, wo die Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten am größten sind, Schlick und Sand mit hoher Transportkapazität in die hinteren Bereiche des Hafenbeckens eingeführt, wo sie sich etwa im Kern von Sekundärwalzen oder anderen Bereichen ablagern.In tidal harbors, in addition to this effect, silt and sand with a high transport capacity are also introduced from the outer partial edge of the roller, where the flow speeds are greatest, into the rear areas of the harbor basin, where they are deposited in the core of secondary rollers or other areas.

In manchen Hafen- und Schleuseneinfahrten kann es infolge von Walzenströmungen auch zu Problemen für Schiffe kommen, ihre Lenkmanöver bei der zwangsläufig gering Fahrtgeschwindigkeit kontrolliert auszuführen.In some harbor and lock entrances, roller currents can also cause problems for ships to carry out their steering maneuvers in a controlled manner at the inevitably low cruising speed.

Die absolute Menge der walzenbedingten Schlick-/Sandablagerungen ist abhängig von dem über die Walze ausgetauschten Waservolumen und der Konzentration der darüber eingebrachten und je nach Intensität des "Teetasseneffektes" letztlich zur Ablagerung gezwungenen Schlick-/Sandanteile.The absolute amount of silt / sand deposits due to the roller depends on the volume of water exchanged via the roller and the concentration of the silt / sand components that are introduced above and ultimately forced to deposit depending on the intensity of the "teacup effect".

Die relative Menge walzenbedingter Ablagerungen innerhalb von Hafenbecken, ist abhängig davon, ob sie an Fließgewässern mit oder ohne Tideeinfluß liegen:

  • - In Hafenbecken an Fließgewässern ohne Tide sind es 100 %, da hier ausschließlich der Walzeneffekt wirkt.
  • - In Hafenbecken an Tidefiüssen oberhalb der Salzwasserzone wirkt neben den Walzen- auch noch der Tidefülleffekt. Bei kurzen Hafenbecken mit geringem Tidefüllvolumen, in denen die Walze nahezu das gesamte Hafenbecken ausfüllt, liegt der walzenbedingte Ablagerungsanteil noch nahe bei 100 %. Bei längern, größeren Hafenbecken liegt er - abhängig vom Tidefüllvolumen - etwa zwischen 30% und 80%. Dieser Anteil ist u.a. eine Maßzahl dafür, wie groß die über die Walze ausgetauschte Wassermenge in Relation zum Tidefüllvolumen des Hafenbeckens ist. Aus einem Beispiel eines Hafenbeckens in Hamburg von 3 km Länge und einem Tidefüllvolumen von rd. 3,5 Mio. m3, sind folgende Zahlen bekannt. Die mittleren jährlichen Gesamtablagerungen betragen rd. 300.000 m3, wovon 2/3, also 200.000 m3 , walzenbedingt im Nahbereich der Einfahrt sedimentieren.
  • - An Tideflüssen im Brackwasserbereich treten neben den vorgenannten Effekten noch sog. Dichteströmungen auf. Sie entstehen beim Zusammentreffen von Salz- und Süßwasser und bewirken bei Flut eine an der Gewässersohle in die Hafenbecken gerichtete Strömung, über die Schlick und Sand mit eingetragen werden kann. Je nach Intensität der Dichteströmung geht damit der relative Anteil der allein walzenbedingten Ablagerungen auf Werte zurück, die unter den vorgenannten 30% bis 80% liegen. Da die Häfen im Brackwasserbereich jedoch erfahrungsgemäß die absolut höchsten Ablagerungen aufweisen, ist der mögliche Einspareffekt durch Abbau des walzenbedingten Anteils nach wie vor von großer Bedeutung.
The relative amount of roller-related deposits within harbor basins depends on whether they are on rivers with or without tidal influence:
  • - In docks at rivers without a tide, it is 100%, because only the roller effect works here.
  • - In the harbor basin on tidal feet above the salt water zone, in addition to the roller effect, the tidal filling effect also works. In the case of short harbor basins with a low tidal volume, in which the roller fills almost the entire harbor basin, the roller-related deposition fraction is still close to 100%. In the case of longer, larger docks, it is between 30% and 80%, depending on the tidal volume. This proportion is, among other things, a measure of how large the amount of water exchanged via the roller is in relation to the tidal volume of the harbor basin. From an example of a harbor basin in Hamburg of 3 km in length and a tidal filling volume of approx. 3.5 million m 3 , the following figures are known. The average annual total deposits are approx. 300,000 m 3 , of which 2/3, i.e. 200,000 m3, sediment in the vicinity of the entrance due to the rollers.
  • - In addition to the aforementioned effects, so-called density flows also occur at tidal rivers in the brackish water area. They arise when salt and fresh water meet and, when the tide is high, cause a current directed at the bottom of the water into the harbor basin, through which silt and sand can be introduced. Depending on the intensity of the density flow, the relative proportion of the deposits caused solely by the roller goes back to values below the aforementioned 30% to 80%. However, since experience has shown that the ports in the brackish water area have the absolutely highest deposits, the possible saving effect by reducing the roll-related portion is still of great importance.

Gemäß der DE-C 33 636 ist es zwar bekannt geworden, eine Auflandung zu erreichen und damit eine Flußkorrektur, d.h. eine Vertiefung im gewünschten Bereich, zu erzeugen. Dieses ist aber nicht geeignet, die vorgenannten Probleme zu lösen, da es sich bei der vorgeschlagenen Anordnung um eine strömungsdämpfende Anordnung hintereinander aufgestellter schwimmender Faschinen handelt.According to DE-C 33 636 it has become known to achieve an inflation and thus a flow correction, i.e. create a deepening in the desired area. However, this is not suitable for solving the above-mentioned problems, since the proposed arrangement is a flow-damping arrangement of floating machines placed one behind the other.

Aus der US-A- 3 667 234 ist es bekannt, eine Umlenktrennwand anzuordnen, die mit der Uferbegrenzung einen Kanal ausbildet. Hierbei soll durch die Umlenkung das Eindringen von salzigem Wasser in das Meer mündender Ströme durch die Ausbildung eines Gegenstroms verhindert werden. Es ist aber nicht vorgesehen, hiermit Strömungswalzen zu verhindern und dem Absetzen von Ablagerungen zuvorzukommen.From US-A-3 667 234 it is known to arrange a deflecting partition which forms a channel with the bank boundary. The deflection is intended to prevent the penetration of salty water into the sea by the formation of a countercurrent. However, it is not intended to prevent flow rollers and to prevent deposits from settling.

Ferner ist aus der FR-A 1 215 413 eine Anordnung bekannt, um durch Anordnungen auf der Gewässersohle Strömungswalzen zu erzeugen und das Absetzen von Ablagerungen zu begünstigen.Furthermore, an arrangement is known from FR-A 1 215 413 in order to generate flow rollers by means of arrangements on the water bed and to promote the depositing of deposits.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, den Aufbau von Strömungswalzen mit einfachen Maßnahmen ohne Fremdenergiezufuhr zu unterbinden und damit auch günstige Manövrierverhältnisse für Schiffe in diesem Bereich unter Aufrechterhaltung einer ausreichend breiten schiffbaren Einfahrt zu ermöglichen.The object of the invention is to build flow rollers with simple measures without To prevent external energy supply and thus also to enable favorable maneuvering conditions for ships in this area while maintaining a sufficiently wide navigable entrance.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß durch den Verwendungsanspruch 1.According to the invention, this object is achieved by use claim 1.

Der Vorteil dieser Ausbildung besteht darin, daß sich der durch den Kanal umgelenkte Teilstrom als relativ langsam strömender Trennstrom zwischen Fließgewässer und seitlicher Abzweigung bzw. Erweiterung bewegt und sowohl die Entstehung großräumiger Walzen als auch den durch sie sonst verursachten Wasseraustausch verhindert.The advantage of this design is that the partial flow diverted by the channel moves as a relatively slow-flowing separating flow between watercourses and lateral branching or extension, and prevents both the formation of large-scale rollers and the water exchange otherwise caused by them.

Grundsätzlich muß der über den Kanal zwangsgelenkte Teilstrom derartig veränderte Wasserstands- und Strömungsverhältnisse in der seitlichen Abzweigung bzw. Erweiterung erzeugen, daß sich keine großräumig rotierende Walze mehr entwickelt.Basically, the partial flow that is positively directed via the channel must produce such changed water level and flow conditions in the side branch or extension that no large-scale rotating roller is developed.

Um eine zusätzliche Wirbelbildung im gebildeten Kanalbereich zu vermeiden, wird vorgeschlagen, daß der Beginn der Abzweigung bzw. Erweiterung als strömungsgünstiger Führungsbereich ausgebildet ist.In order to avoid additional vortex formation in the channel area formed, it is proposed that the beginning of the branching or widening is designed as a flow-guiding area.

Alternativ ist mit einer günstigen Ausgestaltung vorgesehen, daß am Beginn der Abzweigung bzw. Erweiterung die Uferbegrenzung unterstrom als strömungsgünstiger Führungsbereich mit einem Absatz als vorstehende Rollanlage für Schiffe ausgebildet ist.Alternatively, it is provided with a favorable embodiment that, at the beginning of the branching or extension, the bank boundary underflow is designed as a streamlined guide area with a shoulder as the above rolling system for ships.

Als weitere Ausführungsform wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Umlenk-Trennwand durch mehrere im Abstand sich überlappende einzelne Umlenk-Trennwände gebildet ist, die in Strömungsrichtung nach außen gerichtete Durchtritte aufweisen. Hierdurch ist es auch möglich, den Aufbau von kleineren Teilströmungswalzen hinter der Wand zu unterbinden.As a further embodiment, it is proposed that the deflecting partition be formed by a plurality of individual deflecting partition walls which overlap at a distance and which have passages directed outward in the direction of flow. This also makes it possible to prevent the build-up of smaller partial flow rollers behind the wall.

In weiterer Verbesserung ist zur Vermeidung von Teilstromwalzen vorgesehen, daß die Umlenk- trennwand Öffnungen als Fenster aufweist, durch die Teilströme aus dem Kanal nach außen austreten.In a further improvement, in order to avoid partial flow rollers, it is provided that the deflecting partition has openings as windows through which partial flows exit the channel to the outside.

Zur Umleitung für mit der Strömung zugeführte Geschiebe und Schwebstoffe,. die in Sohlnähe mit der höchsten Konzentration transportiert werden, wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Eintrittsöffnung des Kanals eine schräg zur Strömungsrichtung angeordnete Führungswand niedriger Bauhöhe, wie eine Sohlschwelle aufweist, die einen Abweiser für in Sohlnähe mitgeführte Schwebstoffe und für Geschiebe bildet.For diversion for bed load and suspended matter fed with the flow. which are transported near the bottom with the highest concentration, it is proposed that the inlet opening of the channel has a guide wall of low construction height, which is arranged obliquely to the direction of flow, such as a floor sill, which forms a deflector for suspended matter carried near the floor and for attachments.

Eine einfache Anordnung besteht darin, daß die Umlenk-Trennwand ausgehend von der Gewässersohle über den ganzen Bereich des Wasserstandes bis zum freien Wasserspiegel angeordnet ist.A simple arrangement consists in that the deflecting partition is arranged starting from the water bed over the entire area of the water level up to the free water level.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch geschaffen, daß die Umlenk-Trennwand nur im oberen Teilbereich des Wasserstandes angeordnet ist.Another embodiment is created according to the invention in that the deflection partition is arranged only in the upper part of the water level.

Alternativ wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Umlenk- Trennwand ausgehend von der Gewässersohle nur im unteren Teilbereich des Wasserstandes angeordnet ist.Alternatively, it is proposed that the diverting partition, starting from the water bed, be arranged only in the lower part of the water level.

Um eine Ausnutzung der Uferzone herbeizuführen, wird vorgeschlagen, daß der Kanal nach oben als geschlossener Kanal abgedeckt ist.In order to exploit the riparian zone, it is proposed that the channel be covered at the top as a closed channel.

Eine günstige Ausführungsform besteht darin, daß der gebildete Kanal durch ein Rohr gebildet ist.A favorable embodiment is that the channel formed is formed by a tube.

Eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird dadurch geschaffen, daß die Umlenk-Trennwand über eine schwimmende Anordnung gehalten ist.An embodiment of the invention is created in that the deflection partition is held by a floating arrangement.

Vorteilhafte Verhältnisse bei der Bemessung des gebildeten Kanals ergeben sich erfindungsgemäß dadurch, daß die gebildete Kanal-Querschnittsfläche etwa im Bereich von 5 bis 15 % der Eintritts-Querschnittsfläche der Abzweigung bzw. Erweiterung bemessen ist.Advantageous conditions in the dimensioning of the channel formed arise according to the invention in that the channel cross-sectional area formed is dimensioned approximately in the range of 5 to 15% of the inlet cross-sectional area of the branch or extension.

In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung schematisch dargestellt. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Prinzipdarstellung einer eingesetzten Vorrichtung,
  • Fig. 2 eine Ausführungsform mit einem zusätzlichen strömungsgünstigen Führungsbereich als Uferbegrenzung in Form einer Rollanlage für Schiffe,
  • Fig. 3 eine Ausführungsform mit zwei sich überlappenden Umlenk-Trennwänden,
  • Fig. 4 eine Ausführungsform mit niedriger Sohlschwelle vor dem Eintrittsbereich,
  • Fig. 5 eine Schnittdarstellung gemäß Linie V-V der Fig..4,
  • Fig. 6 eine Seitenansicht einer Umlenk-Trennwand mit Durchtrittsöffnungen,
  • Fig. 7 einen abgedeckten Umlenkkanal als Schnittdarstellung gemäß Line VII-VII der Fig. 8 im vergrößerten Maßstab,
  • Fig. 8 einen abgedeckten Umlenkkanal in der Draufsicht,
  • Fig. 9 einen Umlenkkanal in Form eines aufgeständerten Rohres als Schnittdarstellung gemäß Linie X-X der Fig. 10 in vergrößertem Maßstab,
  • Fig. 10 einen Umlenkkanal als Rohr in der Draufsicht.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the drawing. Show it:
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of a device used,
  • 2 shows an embodiment with an additional aerodynamic guide area as a bank boundary in the form of a rolling system for ships,
  • 3 shows an embodiment with two overlapping deflection partitions,
  • 4 shows an embodiment with a low floor threshold in front of the entrance area,
  • 5 is a sectional view along line VV of FIG. 4,
  • 6 is a side view of a diverting partition with through openings,
  • 7 is a covered deflection channel as a sectional view along line VII-VII of FIG. 8 on an enlarged scale,
  • 8 shows a covered deflection channel in plan view,
  • 9 is a deflection channel in the form of a raised tube as a sectional view along line XX of FIG. 10 on an enlarged scale,
  • Fig. 10 shows a deflection channel as a tube in plan view.

Bei der dargestellten Anordnung gemäß Fig. 1 ist ein Fluß 1 gezeigt, der eine Strömung gemäß den Pfeilen 2 aufweist. Von diesem Fluß 1 zweigt ein Hafenbecken 3 ab. Im Bereich des Trennpunktes 15 bzw. des Beginns des abgezweigten Hafenbeckens 3 ist eine Umlenk-Trennwand 4 zur Bildung eines Kanals 5 mit der Uferbegrenzung 6 angeordnet. In diesem Fall ist die Uferbegrenzung 6 im Trennpunkt 15 als strömungsgünstiger Bereich 7 ausgebildet.In the arrangement shown in FIG. 1, a river 1 is shown, which has a flow according to the arrows 2. A harbor basin 3 branches off from this river 1. In the area of the separation point 15 or the beginning of the branched-off harbor basin 3, a deflection partition 4 is arranged to form a channel 5 with the bank boundary 6. In this case, the bank boundary 6 in the dividing point 15 is designed as an aerodynamic region 7.

Die Umlenk-Trennwand 4 wird beispielsweise durch Spundwände gebildet und der dadurch mit der Uferbegrenzung 6 ausgebildete Kanal 5 besitzt eine Eintrittsöffnung 10 im Flußbereich 1 und eine Austrittsöffnung 11 im Abzweigbereich 3. Durch diese Anordnung wird eine kanalisierte Wassermenge 2' als Teilstrom dem Bereich des Hafenbeckens 3 zugeführt, die gegen eine sich sonst ausbildende Rückströmung 12' einer Strömungswalze 12 gerichtet ist, wobei der Aufbau der Strömungswalze 12 in der Entstehung unterbunden wird. Damit werden auch die nachteiligen Folgen einer Strömungswaize 12 verhindert. Der abgezweigte Teilstrom 2' bildet somit einen entsprechenden Störstrom.The diverting partition 4 is formed, for example, by sheet piling and the channel 5 thus formed with the bank boundary 6 has an inlet opening 10 in the river area 1 and an outlet opening 11 in the branch area 3. Through this arrangement, a channeled amount of water 2 'as a partial flow becomes the area of the harbor basin 3 supplied, which is directed against an otherwise developing backflow 12 'of a flow roller 12, the structure of the flow roller 12 being prevented from occurring. This also prevents the disadvantageous consequences of a flow meter 12. The branched partial stream 2 'thus forms a corresponding interference current.

Gemäß Fig. 2 ist eine Ausführungsform dargestellt, bei der die Uferbegrenzung 6 im Trennpunkt 15 strömungsgünstig dadurch ausgebildet wird, daß in Verlängerung eine Wand 7 errichtet wird, die mit der Umlenk-Trennwand 4 im Abzweigbereich 3 den Umlenkkanal 5 bildet. Durch die zusätzliche Anordnung einer Wand 8 wird damit eine Fläche geschaffen, die als vorstehende Rollanlage für Schiffe 9 nutzbar ist.According to FIG. 2, an embodiment is shown in which the bank boundary 6 is formed in the dividing point 15 in a streamlined manner in that in extension a wall 7 is erected, which forms the deflection channel 5 with the deflection partition 4 in the branch area 3. The additional arrangement of a wall 8 creates a surface that can be used as the above rolling system for ships 9.

Gemäß Fig. 3 ist eine weitere Ausführungsform aus zwei sich im Abstand überlappende Umlenk-Trennwände 4' und 4" dargestellt. Die Überlappung erfolgt dabei derart, daß sich in Strömungsrichtung ein nach außen gerichteter Durchtritt 13 ergibt. Hierdurch ist es möglich, auch sich bildende Teilwalzen im Grenzbereich zwischen Fluß 1 und Hafenbecken 3 im Aufbau zu verhindern. Ein vergleichbarer Effekt wird auch durch die Ausführung gemäß Fig. 6 mit Öffnungen 16',16",16' erreicht.3 shows a further embodiment of two deflecting partition walls 4 'and 4 "which overlap at a distance. The overlap takes place in such a way that an outwardly directed passage 13 results in the direction of flow. This also makes it possible to form Preventing partial rolls in the border area between river 1 and harbor basin 3. A comparable effect is also achieved by the embodiment according to FIG. 6 with openings 16 ', 16 ", 16'.

Um den Eintrieb des im Randströmbereich der Uferbegrenzung 6 befindlichen Geschiebe- und Schwebstoffmaterials zu verhindern, ist eine Sohlschwelle 14 niedriger Bauhöhe angeordnet, die in Form eines hydraulisch günstig geformten Abweisers gemäß Fig. 4 verläuft. Hierdurch kann auf einfache Weise ein Materialabweisungseffekt erzielt werden.In order to prevent the bedding material and suspended matter material located in the edge flow region of the bank boundary 6 from being driven in, a bottom sleeper 14 is arranged, which runs in the form of a hydraulically favorably shaped deflector according to FIG. 4. In this way, a material rejection effect can be achieved in a simple manner.

Selbstverständlich ist es gegebenenfalls auch möglich, die Umlenk-Trennwand 4 nur über Teilbereiche des Wasserstandes zu führen, um die gewünschten Effekte zur Verhinderung von Strömungswalzen zu erhalten.Of course, it is also possible, if necessary, to guide the deflection partition 4 only over partial areas of the water level in order to obtain the desired effects for preventing flow rollers.

Aus konstruktiven oder hafenbetrieblichen Gründen kann es erforderlich sein, den Umlenkkanal 5 rundum geschlossen zu errichten. Ausführungsformen derartiger Umlenkanäle 5',5" sind gemäß Fig. 7 bis 10 dargestellt, wobei diese aus einem abgedeckten Kanal 5' oder einem Rohr 5" gebildet sind.For constructional or port operational reasons, it may be necessary to erect the deflection channel 5 in a closed manner. Embodiments of such deflection channels 5 ', 5 "are shown in FIGS. 7 to 10, these being formed from a covered channel 5' or a tube 5".

Auch ist es möglich, einen Störstrom durch etwa parallel verlaufende Umlenk-Trennwände 4 unter Bildung eines Kanals zu erzeugen und die Anordnung im Abstand vom Uferbereich anzuordnen. Hierdurch ist es möglich, unter Berücksichtigung örtlicher Gegebenheiten weiter vom Uferbereich 6 entfernte Teilströme 2' mit dem Kanal abzuschöpfen und in den Bereich der Abzweigung 3 zu lenken.It is also possible to generate an interference current through deflecting partition walls 4 running approximately parallel to form a channel and to arrange the arrangement at a distance from the bank area. This makes it possible, taking into account local conditions, to skim off partial streams 2 ′ further away from the bank area 6 with the channel and to direct them into the area of the junction 3.

Nach dem Prinzip dieser Ausbildungen muß grundsätzlich der über den Kanal zwangsgelenkte Teilstrom derartig veränderte Wasserstands- und Strömungsverhältnisse in der seitlichen Abzweigung bzw. Erweiterung erzeugen, daß sich keine großräumig rotierende Walze mehr entwickelt. Das ist in der Regel der Fall, wenn der Kanalquerschnitt von der Größenordnung her etwa im Bereich von 10 % der Eintritts-Querschnittsfläche der Abzweigung bzw. Erweiterung bemessen ist. Für tidebeeinflußte Gewässer werden optimale Bedingungen dann erreicht, wenn der Kanalquerschnitt so bemessen ist, daß die umgelenkte Wassermenge dem Tidevolumen der seitlichen Abzweigung bzw. Erweiterung entspricht. Daraus ergibt sich folgende Formel:According to the principle of these designs, the partial flow which is positively directed via the channel must produce such changed water level and flow conditions in the side branch or extension that no large-scale rotating roller is developed. This is usually the case if the size of the channel cross-section is approximately in the region of 10% of the inlet cross-sectional area of the branch or extension. For tidal waters, optimal conditions are achieved when the channel cross-section is dimensioned so that the diverted amount of water corresponds to the tidal volume of the lateral branch or extension. This results in the following formula:

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0001

Darin bedeuten:Where:

  • FUK Fläche des Umlenkkanal-Querschnitts (m2)F UK area of the deflection channel cross-section (m 2 )
  • FA = Fläche der seitlichen Abzweigung bzw. Erweiterung (m2)F A = area of the side branch or extension (m2)
  • Thb = Tidehub (m)Thb = Tidehub (m)
  • νuk = über den Querschnitt und die Flutdauer gemittelte Strömungsgeschwindigkeit im Umlenkkanal (m/s)νuk = flow velocity in the deflection channel averaged over the cross-section and the flood duration (m / s)
  • Dfi = Flutstromdauer (s)D f i = flood current duration (s)

Eine derart bemessene durch den Kanalquerschnitt eingetragen Wassermenge erfüllt die Funktionen von Hafenbeckenfüllung bei gleichzeitiger Verhinderung von Wasseraustauschvorgängen durch Walzen im direkten Kontaktbereich mit dem Fließgewässer. Die sonst durch diese Austausch-und Strömungsvorgänge verursachten Schlick-und Sandablagerungen können damit verhindert werden. Gleichzeitig werden die Strömungsverhältnisse zur Ausübung sicherer Schiffsmanöver derart verbessert, daß die durch die Vorrichtung entstehende Minderbreite in der Einfahrt mehr als kompensiert wird.A quantity of water measured in this way through the channel cross section fulfills the functions of filling the harbor basin while at the same time preventing water exchange processes by rolling in the direct contact area with the watercourse. The mud and sand deposits otherwise caused by these exchange and flow processes can thus be prevented. At the same time, the flow conditions for performing safe ship maneuvers are improved in such a way that the reduced width created by the device in the driveway is more than compensated for.

Um günstige Strömungsbedingungen im gebildeten Kanalbereich zu erzielen, kann gegebenenfalls das Ufer am Beginn der Abzweigung durch konstruktive Veränderungen (Fig. 1,3,4) oder ergänzende Führungswände (Fig. 2) hydraulisch optimal ausgeformt werden. Darüber hinaus bleiben damit maximal mögliche Einfahrtsbreiten in die seitliche Abzweigung bzw. Erweiterung erhalten. Weiterhin kann es gegebenenfalls von Nutzen sein, die durch ergänzende Führungswände sich anbietenden ufernahen Flächen zu Rollanlagen für Schiffe auszubauen.In order to achieve favorable flow conditions in the channel area formed, the bank at the beginning of the branch can optionally be optimally shaped hydraulically by constructive changes (FIGS. 1, 3, 4) or additional guide walls (FIG. 2). In addition, the maximum possible entry widths in the side branch or extension are retained. Furthermore, it may be useful to expand the areas close to the shore, which are offered by additional guide walls, into rolling facilities for ships.

Claims (13)

1. Use of an arrangement in a flowing water- course with a lateral branch or widening (3), particularly in the form of an artificial waterway or a basin, for avoiding vortices with corresponding deposits of silt and sand, a channel (5) being formed in the region of the start (15) of the branch or widening (3) by at least one guide partition (4) disposed at a distance from the shore boundary (6), the cross-sectional area of which channel amounts to only a small portion of the entry cross-sectional area of the branch or widening (3) and the entry opening (10) of . which channel is located in the region of flow (1) in the region of the start (15) and the exit opening (11) of which channel is located in the region of the branch or widening (3), wherein the quantity of water flowing through the channel (5) is directed as a disturbance flow into the region of the lateral branch or widening (3) to act upon the counter-flowing half (12') of a vortex (12) otherwise forming.
2. Use of an arrangement as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the start (15) of the branch or widening (3) is in the form of a guide region (7) advantageous to flow.
3. Use of an arrangement as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that, at the start (15) of the branch or widening (3), the shore boundary (6) is formed downstream as a guide region (7) advantageous to flow with an extension (8) serving as a projecting roll installation for ships (9).
4. Use of an arrangement as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the guide partition (4) is formed by a plurality of individual, spaced and overlapping guide partitions (4', 4") which have passages (13) directed outwardly in the direction of flow.
5. Use of an arrangement as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the guide partition (4) has openings (16', 16", 16"') serving as windows through which component flows (13') exit outwardly from the channel (5).
6. Use of an arrangement as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the entry opening (10) of the channel (5) has a guide wall of low overall height, like a bottom barrier (14), which is disposed obliquely to the direction of flow and which forms a deflector for suspended matter entrained in the vicinity of the bottom and for sedimentary material.
7. Use of an arrangement as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that, commencing from the bottom of the waterway, the guide partition (4) is disposed over the entire region of the water level up to the free surface of the water.
8. Use of an arrangement as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the guide partition (4) is disposed only in the upper partial region of the water level.
9. Use of an arrangement as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that, commencing from the bottom of the waterway, the guide partition (4) is disposed only in the lower partial region of the water level.
10. Use of an arrangement as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the channel (5) is covered upwardly as a closed channel (5').
11. Use of an arrangement as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the channel (5) formed is formed by a pipe (5").
12. Use of an arrangement as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the guide partition (4) is held by way of a floating arrangement.
13. Use of an arrangement as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the cross-sectional area of the channel formed is dimensioned approximately in the range of from 5 to 15% of the entry cross-sectional area of the branch or widening (3).
EP88102777A 1987-03-05 1988-02-25 Usage of a device in flowing waters with sidelong branches or widenings Expired - Lifetime EP0281856B1 (en)

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DE3707074A DE3707074C1 (en) 1987-03-05 1987-03-05 Device for flowing water, with a side branch or extension
DE3707074 1987-03-05

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EP0281856A1 (en) 1988-09-14
DE3860312D1 (en) 1990-08-23

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