EP0280629A1 - Process for strengthening natural or unnatural materials, especially soil - Google Patents

Process for strengthening natural or unnatural materials, especially soil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0280629A1
EP0280629A1 EP88420048A EP88420048A EP0280629A1 EP 0280629 A1 EP0280629 A1 EP 0280629A1 EP 88420048 A EP88420048 A EP 88420048A EP 88420048 A EP88420048 A EP 88420048A EP 0280629 A1 EP0280629 A1 EP 0280629A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
materials
layer
fragments
reinforced
plastic
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EP88420048A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jacques Elie Henri Perrin
Christian Coulet
Gérard Menager
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PERRIER SA
Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UCBL
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PERRIER SA
Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UCBL
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Publication of EP0280629A1 publication Critical patent/EP0280629A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of geotechnics and it relates, more particularly, to the field of improving the mechanical properties of soils, by using structural elements or additives.
  • the improvement process aims to allow the creation of retaining structures, bridge abutments or quay walls having, generally, a small footprint.
  • This technique consists in placing, in the body or the mass of the embankment, generally of a pulverulent nature, metal reinforcements in the form of blades or bands arranged in comb teeth transversely to the plane of the support.
  • These reinforcements are deposited in spaced horizontal beds, generally parallel, established as the embankment rises.
  • the horizontal beds are preferably separated by layers of uniform thickness of the fill, layers densified by compacting in the traditional way.
  • the reinforcements resume, by pulling, the friction of the material thus giving the solid an imaginary anisotropic cohesion in the direction of the reinforcements.
  • This method generally gives good results, insofar as it is intended for the production of works which are only slightly deformed and which require the use of well-defined materials, having a homogeneous composition and determined friction characteristics.
  • Such a technique also involves the use of metal reinforcements having undergone a prior antioxidant treatment, for example by galvanization.
  • the second method uses geotextiles which are in the form of sheets made up of filaments, threads or fibers of plastic material, associated with one another by weaving, needling or welding. These plies are, in general, thin, permeable to liquids and of variable mechanical resistance depending on the nature, dimensions and modes of connection of the filaments, threads or fibers.
  • plies are, generally, provided for the purpose of creating an anti-contamination barrier between two materials of different natures, while maintaining or allowing the establishment of a hydraulic flow.
  • plies have, however, also a role of mechanical reinforcement by locally increasing the coefficient of friction of the material.
  • Such sheets have thus been used as reinforcements of poor quality soils, with a view to increasing their bearing capacity or as reinforcement for embankment slopes, self-supported or not.
  • the installation technique consists of having continuous layers of geotextile in strata, substantially parallel, between which the fill material is deposited in layers and then compacted.
  • geotextile sheets tend to follow the surface of the soil layer on which they are located and thus be the site of deformations which affect the works produced. An implementation limit must therefore be considered each time.
  • patent application DE 20 53 891 filed on 03.11.70 also proposes to have, in dispersed order, plastic fibers each having a given length and diameter, chosen in relation to nature of the material to be reinforced.
  • This technique requires selecting plastic fibers having perfectly defined dimensional characteristics for each type of material to be reinforced. This technique turns out to be, ultimately, very expensive to implement.
  • the aim of the present invention is to propose a new method or a new method for arming materials, natural or not, and, in particular, the ground, making it possible to overcome the delicate implementation constraints of the method according to the reinforced earth and the relatively high cost attached to the method using geotextiles and plastic fibers.
  • the proposal aims to provide a simple process, easy to implement and applicable in all cases where it is necessary to increase or confer additional cohesion to a given material, by only involving simple, effective technical means, generally available on any site.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new method for arming materials, natural or not, using reinforcement materials, of very low cost, which can be used simply and quickly without prior treatment.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new process which can be implemented by using, as reinforcing material, products, by-products or waste ordinarily intended to be rejected or not recycled.
  • the method of the invention is characterized in that it consists in incorporating into the materials to be reinforced, fragments of plastic materials, heterogeneous in shape and composition, in a proportion which may be between 0, 5 ⁇ and 100 ⁇ by weight relative to the weight of materials to be reinforced.
  • the invention also aims, as a new product, any reinforced material obtained by the implementation of the above method.
  • the method of the invention consists, in a first embodiment, in preparing a sub-layer 1 of a material, natural or not, to be reinforced to give it better mechanical properties, by increasing its cohesion and / or increase in its coefficient of friction.
  • the sublayer 1 can consist of a layer of added materials or, on the contrary, be part of the site material.
  • the sublayer 1 is, in general, simply leveled.
  • a bed 2 of fragments of plastic materials, heterogeneous in shape and composition, and coming directly from industrial waste or rejects, waste or even garbage, are then deposited on the sub-layer 1. housewives.
  • Bed 2 is established in abundance, by bulk deposition of plastic fragments. The deposition is carried out in order to obtain a substantially uniform layer covering, in general, the whole of the leveled upper surface of the sublayer 1 .
  • the bed 2 is then coated with a layer 3 of material to be reinforced, natural or not, of composition identical or not to that of the sub-layer 1 .
  • a fourth operational phase of the process then consists in compacting the layer 3 by using a force and / or compacting means which are chosen in relation to the characteristics of the material of the layers 1 and 3 .
  • This compacting has the effect of densifying layers 1 and 3 and crushing the heterogeneous fragments of plastics which then form, as appears in FIG. 2 , a thin layer similar to a film, a sheet or a pseudo-continuous sheet, although made of discontinuous materials.
  • a new layer 4 is then deposited on the compacted layer 3 .
  • This layer 4 is simply leveled.
  • a new layer 6 comparable to layer 3 , is then deposited to cover the bed 5 over a substantially uniform thickness, generally identical to that initial to layer 3 .
  • Layer 6 , bed 5 and layer 4 are then subjected to compaction, under the same conditions chosen according to the nature of the material to be reinforced.
  • Fig. 3 shows that by proceeding in this way, a massif, such as M , can be reinforced and reinforced by the presence of n plies 2 , 5 , etc., substantially parallel to one another, incorporated into the material, natural or not. , being constituted initially by fragments of heterogeneous plastic materials in form and composition.
  • Such a method therefore uses a reinforcing material, of low cost, which can be easily transported to the site, because of the large deposits which it is always possible to find near the places of implementation.
  • the advantage of the process of the invention consists, moreover, in the possibility of recovering household waste or industrial waste which, ordinarily, represents waste, most commonly discharged into landfill.
  • the method of the invention may involve the establishment of any number of layers 2, 5, etc. which can be separated from one another by a variable distance by the height given to the intermediate layers.
  • the implementation of the invention consists in providing for the establishment of five superimposed layers, of fragments of materials plastics per m3 of soil to be reinforced, these sheets being 20 cm apart from each other. Each layer of waste is then formed by depositing 4 kg of fragments per m2, with a view to obtaining an incorporation close to 10 ⁇ by weight of waste fragments relative to the weight of the material to be reinforced.
  • the method of the invention can also be implemented to reduce, for example, the thrust of a clinker mass.
  • five layers of plastic fragments should be used per m3 of clinker, these layers being spaced 0.20 m apart, being made up of 4 kg of fragments per m2.
  • the plastic fragments constitute a contribution corresponding, substantially, to 12.5 ⁇ by weight of the clinker treated.
  • a fourth example of implementation of the object of the invention is given, in connection with the reinforcement of a solid base based on expanded clay, with a view to reducing, notably, the thrust.
  • the assemblage is reinforced by means of five plies of plastic waste per m3 of expanded clay, these beds being spaced 0.20 m apart, being made up of an intake of 2.4 kg of fragments per m2.
  • Plastics constitute a contribution substantially equal to 20 ⁇ by weight relative to the expanded clay.
  • the method of the invention can admit a variant consisting in depositing layers 3 and 4 simultaneously and in carrying out overall compaction and of the underlying ply.
  • the compacting means used are chosen to avoid obtaining a set upper surface.
  • Fig. 4 shows that the process of the invention can also consist in arming a mass M1 of a material, natural or not, homogeneous or heterogeneous, by providing for incorporating into such a mass fragments of plastic materials meeting the same characteristics as above but which are distributed there by mixing instead of being arranged in layers or beds, as in the previous examples.
  • the process of the invention may consist, initially, of depositing the necessary mass of plastic fragments on the surface of the mass to be treated, which is then subjected, over a determined depth, to an increasingly deep scratching. then, then, to a reversal, in order to distribute, in a substantially homogeneous manner, the different fragments in the mass.
  • the method of the invention can also be implemented by carrying out a mixing and incorporation phase outside the site on which the mass of material and of fragments is then deposited.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

- Geotechnics. - The process according to the invention is characterised in that it consists in incorporating, into these materials, fragments of plastic materials, heterogenous in form and composition, in a proportion which can lie between 0.5 0/00 and 100 0/00 by weight with respect to the weight of materials to be reinforced. - Application to the reinforcing of a clay/gravelly soil. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine de la géotechnique et elle vise, plus particulièrement, le domaine de l'amélioration des propriétés mécaniques des sols, par utilisation d'éléments ou d'additifs de structure.The present invention relates to the field of geotechnics and it relates, more particularly, to the field of improving the mechanical properties of soils, by using structural elements or additives.

Dans le domaine technique ci-dessus, des propositions ont été formulées et développées, notamment dans le cas des matériaux de remblai, pour conférer des propriétés mécaniques à des matériaux dépourvus, par nature, de cohésion appréciable ou pour améliorer les propriétés mécaniques de matériaux cohérents.In the above technical field, proposals have been formulated and developed, in particular in the case of backfill materials, to give mechanical properties to materials devoid, by nature, of appreciable cohesion or to improve the mechanical properties of coherent materials. .

Parmi ces propositions, les techniques qui ont été les plus étudiées et développées sont celles dites de la terre armée et celles des géotextiles.Among these proposals, the techniques that have been the most studied and developed are those known as reinforced earth and those of geotextiles.

Le procédé d'amélioration, dit de la terre armée, a pour but de permettre la réalisation d'ouvrages de soutènement, de culées de ponts ou de murs de quais ayant, généralement, une faible emprise au sol.The improvement process, known as reinforced earth, aims to allow the creation of retaining structures, bridge abutments or quay walls having, generally, a small footprint.

Cette technique consiste à placer, dans le corps ou la masse du remblai, généralement à caractère pulvérulent, des armatures métalliques en forme de lames ou de bandes disposées en dents de peigne transversalement au plan du soutènement.This technique consists in placing, in the body or the mass of the embankment, generally of a pulverulent nature, metal reinforcements in the form of blades or bands arranged in comb teeth transversely to the plane of the support.

Ces armatures sont déposées en lits horizontaux espacés, généralement parallèles, établis au fur et à mesure de l'élévation du remblai. Les lits horizontaux sont, de préférence, séparés par des couches d'épaisseur uniforme du remblai, couches densifiées par compactage de manière traditionnelle.These reinforcements are deposited in spaced horizontal beds, generally parallel, established as the embankment rises. The horizontal beds are preferably separated by layers of uniform thickness of the fill, layers densified by compacting in the traditional way.

Les armatures reprennent, par mise en traction, le frottement du matériau conférant ainsi au massif une cohésion fictive anisotrope dans la direction des armatures.The reinforcements resume, by pulling, the friction of the material thus giving the solid an imaginary anisotropic cohesion in the direction of the reinforcements.

Cette méthode donne, généralement, de bons résultats, dans la mesure où elle s'adresse à la réalisation d'ouvrages ne se déformant que peu et nécessitant l'utilisation de matériaux bien définis, ayant une composition homogène et des caractéristiques de frottement déterminées.This method generally gives good results, insofar as it is intended for the production of works which are only slightly deformed and which require the use of well-defined materials, having a homogeneous composition and determined friction characteristics.

Une telle technique implique aussi de recourir à des armatures métalliques ayant subi un traitement préalable d'anti­oxydation, par exemple par galvanisation.Such a technique also involves the use of metal reinforcements having undergone a prior antioxidant treatment, for example by galvanization.

La mise en oeuvre d'une telle méthode implique de recourir à un compactage du remblai en couches minces, à un régalage des couches, ainsi qu'à une mise en place, parfaitement parallèle, des armatures entre elles.The implementation of such a method involves resorting to compacting the fill in thin layers, leveling the layers, as well as placing, perfectly parallel, the reinforcements between them.

Au total, il s'agit donc d'une méthode pouvant être considérée comme satisfaisante dans un domaine d'application, mais, de mise en oeuvre délicate et onéreuse.All in all, it is therefore a method that can be considered satisfactory in a field of application, but, of delicate and expensive implementation.

La seconde méthode fait appel aux géotextiles qui se présentent sous la forme de nappes constituées de filaments, de fils ou de fibres de matière plastique, associés entre eux par tissage, aiguilletage ou soudage. Ces nappes sont, en général, de faible épaisseur, perméables aux liquides et de résistance mécanique variable en fonction de la nature, des dimensions et des modes de liaison des filaments, fils ou fibres.The second method uses geotextiles which are in the form of sheets made up of filaments, threads or fibers of plastic material, associated with one another by weaving, needling or welding. These plies are, in general, thin, permeable to liquids and of variable mechanical resistance depending on the nature, dimensions and modes of connection of the filaments, threads or fibers.

La mise en oeuvre de telles nappes est, généralement, prévue dans le but de créer une barrière anti-contaminante entre deux matériaux de natures différentes, tout en maintenant ou en permettant l'établissement d'un écoulement hydraulique. Ces nappes ont, toutefois, aussi un rôle de renfort mécanique en accroissant localement le coefficient de frottement du matériau.The implementation of such plies is, generally, provided for the purpose of creating an anti-contamination barrier between two materials of different natures, while maintaining or allowing the establishment of a hydraulic flow. These plies have, however, also a role of mechanical reinforcement by locally increasing the coefficient of friction of the material.

De telles nappes ont, ainsi, été utilisées en tant que renfort de sols de médiocre qualité, en vue d'augmenter leur portance ou en tant qu'armature de talus de remblai, auto-soutenus ou non.Such sheets have thus been used as reinforcements of poor quality soils, with a view to increasing their bearing capacity or as reinforcement for embankment slopes, self-supported or not.

La technique de mise en place consiste à disposer des nappes continues de géotextile en strates, sensiblement parallèles, entre lesquelles le matériau de remblai est déposé en couches puis compacté.The installation technique consists of having continuous layers of geotextile in strata, substantially parallel, between which the fill material is deposited in layers and then compacted.

Une telle méthode fait appel à un produit manufacturé, devant présenter des caractéristiques parfaitement définies. La mise en oeuvre d'une telle technique s'avère être, au total, plus onéreuse mais moins contraignante que la méthode précédente.Such a method calls for a manufactured product, which must have perfectly defined characteristics. The implementation of such a technique turns out to be, on the whole, more expensive but less restrictive than the previous method.

Il convient de noter que les nappes géotextiles ont tendance à épouser la surface de la couche de sol sur laquelle elles se trouvent et à être ainsi le siège de déformations qui se répercutent sur les ouvrages réalisés. Une limite de mise en oeuvre est donc, à chaque fois, à considérer.It should be noted that geotextile sheets tend to follow the surface of the soil layer on which they are located and thus be the site of deformations which affect the works produced. An implementation limit must therefore be considered each time.

Corollairement à cette seconde méthode, la demande de brevet DE 20 53 891 déposée le 03.11.70 propose, également, de disposer, en ordre dispersé, des fibres de matière plastique comportant chacune une longueur et un diamètre donnés, choisis en relation avec la nature du matériau à armer.As a corollary to this second method, patent application DE 20 53 891 filed on 03.11.70 also proposes to have, in dispersed order, plastic fibers each having a given length and diameter, chosen in relation to nature of the material to be reinforced.

Cette technique impose de sélectionner des fibres de matière plastique présentant des caractéristiques dimensionnelles parfaitement définies pour chaque type du matériau à armer. Cette technique s'avère être, en définitive, de mise en oeuvre très onéreuse.This technique requires selecting plastic fibers having perfectly defined dimensional characteristics for each type of material to be reinforced. This technique turns out to be, ultimately, very expensive to implement.

La présente invention a pour but de proposer une nouvelle méthode ou un nouveau procédé pour armer des matériaux, naturels ou non, et, notamment, le sol, permettant de s'affranchir des contraintes de mise en oeuvre délicates de la méthode selon la terre armée et du coût relativement élevé attaché à la méthode faisant appel aux géotextiles et aux fibres de matière plastique.The aim of the present invention is to propose a new method or a new method for arming materials, natural or not, and, in particular, the ground, making it possible to overcome the delicate implementation constraints of the method according to the reinforced earth and the relatively high cost attached to the method using geotextiles and plastic fibers.

La proposition, selon la présente invention, vise à fournir un procédé simple, facile à mettre en oeuvre et applicable dans tous les cas où il convient d'accroître ou de conférer un surcroît de cohésion à un matériau donné, en ne faisant intervenir que des moyens techniques simples, efficaces, généralement disponibles sur tout chantier.The proposal, according to the present invention, aims to provide a simple process, easy to implement and applicable in all cases where it is necessary to increase or confer additional cohesion to a given material, by only involving simple, effective technical means, generally available on any site.

Un autre objet de l'invention est de proposer un nouveau procédé pour armer des matériaux, naturels ou non, faisant appel à des matériaux de renforcement, de très faible coût, pouvant être utilisés de manière simple et rapide sans traitement préalable.Another object of the invention is to propose a new method for arming materials, natural or not, using reinforcement materials, of very low cost, which can be used simply and quickly without prior treatment.

Un autre objet de l'invention vise à proposer un nouveau procédé pouvant être mis en oeuvre en faisant appel, en tant que matériau de renforcement, à des produits, sous-produits ou déchets ordinairement destinés à être rebutés ou non recyclés.Another object of the invention is to propose a new process which can be implemented by using, as reinforcing material, products, by-products or waste ordinarily intended to be rejected or not recycled.

Pour atteindre les objectifs ci-dessus, le procédé de l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à incorporer aux matériaux à armer, des fragments de matières plastiques, hétérogènes en forme et composition, en une proportion pouvant être comprise entre 0,5 ‰ et 100 ‰ en poids par rapport au poids de matériaux à armer.To achieve the above objectives, the method of the invention is characterized in that it consists in incorporating into the materials to be reinforced, fragments of plastic materials, heterogeneous in shape and composition, in a proportion which may be between 0, 5 ‰ and 100 ‰ by weight relative to the weight of materials to be reinforced.

L'invention vise, également, à titre de produit nouveau, tout matériau armé obtenu par la mise en oeuvre du procédé ci-dessus.The invention also aims, as a new product, any reinforced material obtained by the implementation of the above method.

Diverses autres caractéristiques ressortent de la description faite ci-dessous en référence aux dessins annexés qui montrent, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, des formes de réalisation de l'objet de l'invention.

  • Les fig. 1 à 3 sont des vues schématiques illustrant une méthode de mise en oeuvre de l'objet de l'invention.
  • La fig. 4 est une élévation schématique illustrant une variante de réalisation.
Various other characteristics will emerge from the description given below with reference to the appended drawings which show, by way of nonlimiting examples, embodiments of the subject of the invention.
  • Figs. 1 to 3 are schematic views illustrating a method of implementing the object of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic elevation illustrating an alternative embodiment.

Selon la fig. 1, le procédé de l'invention consiste, dans une première forme de réalisation, à préparer une sous-couche 1 d'un matériau, naturel ou non, devant être armé pour lui conférer de meilleures propriétés mécaniques, par accroissement de sa cohésion et/ou augmentation de son coefficient de frottement.According to fig. 1 , the method of the invention consists, in a first embodiment, in preparing a sub-layer 1 of a material, natural or not, to be reinforced to give it better mechanical properties, by increasing its cohesion and / or increase in its coefficient of friction.

La sous-couche 1 peut être constituée par une couche de matériaux rapportés ou, au contraire, faire partie du matériau du site. La sous-couche 1 est, en général, simplement régalée.The sublayer 1 can consist of a layer of added materials or, on the contrary, be part of the site material. The sublayer 1 is, in general, simply leveled.

Selon le procédé de l'invention, on dépose alors, sur la sous-couche 1, un lit 2 de fragments de matières plastiques, hétérogènes en forme et en composition et provenant directement de rebuts ou rejets industriels, de déchets, voire d'ordures ménagéres. Le lit 2 est établi de manière foisonnante, par dépôt en vrac des fragments de matières plastiques. Le dépôt est effectué pour obtenir une couche, sensiblement uniforme, couvrant, en général, la totalité de la surface supérieure régalée de la sous-couche 1.According to the process of the invention, a bed 2 of fragments of plastic materials, heterogeneous in shape and composition, and coming directly from industrial waste or rejects, waste or even garbage, are then deposited on the sub-layer 1. housewives. Bed 2 is established in abundance, by bulk deposition of plastic fragments. The deposition is carried out in order to obtain a substantially uniform layer covering, in general, the whole of the leveled upper surface of the sublayer 1 .

Selon une autre étape du procédé, le lit 2 est alors revêtu d'une couche 3 de matériau à armer, naturel ou non, de composition identique ou non à celle de la sous-couche 1.According to another step of the process, the bed 2 is then coated with a layer 3 of material to be reinforced, natural or not, of composition identical or not to that of the sub-layer 1 .

Une quatrième phase opératoire du procédé consiste, ensuite, à compacter la couche 3 en faisant intervenir une force et/ou des moyens de compactage qui sont choisis en relation avec les caractéristiques du matériau des couches 1 et 3. Ce compactage a pour effet de densifier les couches 1 et 3 et d'écraser les fragments hétérogènes de matières plastiques qui forment alors, comme cela apparaît à la fig. 2, une couche mince s'apparentant à un film, une feuille ou une nappe pseudo-continu, bien que constitué de matériaux discontinus.A fourth operational phase of the process then consists in compacting the layer 3 by using a force and / or compacting means which are chosen in relation to the characteristics of the material of the layers 1 and 3 . This compacting has the effect of densifying layers 1 and 3 and crushing the heterogeneous fragments of plastics which then form, as appears in FIG. 2 , a thin layer similar to a film, a sheet or a pseudo-continuous sheet, although made of discontinuous materials.

Une nouvelle couche 4, comparable à la couche 3, est alors déposée sur la couche 3 compactée. Cette couche 4 est simplement régalée.A new layer 4 , comparable to layer 3 , is then deposited on the compacted layer 3 . This layer 4 is simply leveled.

Un nouveau lit 5 de fragments de matières plastiques, répondant aux mêmes caractéristiques que le lit 2, est alors déposé dans les mêmes conditions sur la surface supérieure de la couche 4. Une nouvelle couche 6, comparable à la couche 3, est ensuite déposée pour recouvrir le lit 5 sur une épaisseur sensiblement uniforme, généralement identique à celle initiale de la couche 3.A new bed 5 of plastic fragments, meeting the same characteristics as bed 2 , is then deposited under the same conditions on the upper surface of layer 4 . A new layer 6 , comparable to layer 3 , is then deposited to cover the bed 5 over a substantially uniform thickness, generally identical to that initial to layer 3 .

La couche 6, le lit 5 et la couche 4 sont ensuite soumis à compactage, dans les mêmes conditions choisies en fonction de la nature du matériau devant être armé.Layer 6 , bed 5 and layer 4 are then subjected to compaction, under the same conditions chosen according to the nature of the material to be reinforced.

La fig. 3 montre qu'en procédant de cette façon, un massif, tel que M, peut être renforcé et armé par la présence de n nappes 2, 5, etc... sensiblement parallèles les unes aux autres, incorporées au matériau, naturel ou non, en étant constituées initialement par des fragments de matières plastiques hétérogènes en forme et en composition. Fig. 3 shows that by proceeding in this way, a massif, such as M , can be reinforced and reinforced by the presence of n plies 2 , 5 , etc., substantially parallel to one another, incorporated into the material, natural or not. , being constituted initially by fragments of heterogeneous plastic materials in form and composition.

Ainsi, par le procédé de l'invention, il devient possible d'armer des matériaux, naturels ou non, en faisant appel à des lits de déchets de matières plastiques provenant, indifféremment, d'ordures ménagères et de rejets industriels ne faisant l'objet d'aucun traitement préalable, ni d'aucune sélection préalablement à leur mise en oeuvre.Thus, by the process of the invention, it becomes possible to arm materials, natural or not, by using beds of plastic waste materials, indifferently, household refuse and industrial waste not making subject to no prior processing, nor to any selection prior to their implementation.

Un tel procédé fait donc appel à un matériau de renforcement, d'un faible coût, pouvant être aisément transporté sur site, en raison des gisements importants qu'il est toujours possible de trouver à proximité des lieux de mise en oeuvre.Such a method therefore uses a reinforcing material, of low cost, which can be easily transported to the site, because of the large deposits which it is always possible to find near the places of implementation.

L'avantage du procédé de l'invention consiste, en outre, en la possibilité de valoriser des déchets domestiques ou des rejets industriels qui, ordinairement, représentent des rebuts, le plus ordinairement déversés en décharge.The advantage of the process of the invention consists, moreover, in the possibility of recovering household waste or industrial waste which, ordinarily, represents waste, most commonly discharged into landfill.

Selon les applications et le renforcement devant être apporté, le procédé de l'invention peut faire intervenir l'établissement d'un nombre quelconque de nappes 2, 5, etc... pouvant être séparées les unes des autres d'une distance variable par la hauteur conférée aux couches intermédiaires.Depending on the applications and the reinforcement to be provided, the method of the invention may involve the establishment of any number of layers 2, 5, etc. which can be separated from one another by a variable distance by the height given to the intermediate layers.

Dans un exemple d'application au renforcement d'un sol argilo-graveleux, en vue de permettre son emploi en tant que remblai, la mise en oeuvre de l'invention consiste à prévoir l'établissement de cinq nappes superposées, de fragments de matières plastiques par m³ de sol à armer, ces nappes étant distantes de 20 cm les unes des autres. Chaque nappe de déchets est alors constituée par dépôt de 4 kg de fragments au m², en vue d'obtenir une incorporation voisine de 10 ‰ en poids de fragments de déchets par rapport au poids du matériau à armer.In an example of application to the reinforcement of a clayey-gravelly soil, in order to allow its use as an embankment, the implementation of the invention consists in providing for the establishment of five superimposed layers, of fragments of materials plastics per m³ of soil to be reinforced, these sheets being 20 cm apart from each other. Each layer of waste is then formed by depositing 4 kg of fragments per m², with a view to obtaining an incorporation close to 10 ‰ by weight of waste fragments relative to the weight of the material to be reinforced.

Dans un autre exemple d'application au renforcement d'un sol sablo-argileux devant être relativement peu armé, en vue d'améliorer son coefficient de frottement, pour accroître l'angle de talus par exemple, il est prévu de disposer deux nappes de fragments de matières plastiques par m³ de sol en les espaçant de 0,50 m et en les constituant à partir de 3 kg de fragments par m². Dans un tel cas, l'incorporation des fragments de matières plastiques correspond à un apport de, sensiblement, 3 ‰ en poids par rapport au poids du matériau à armer.In another example of application to the reinforcement of a sandy-clay soil having to be relatively weakly reinforced, in order to improve its coefficient of friction, to increase the slope angle for example, it is planned to have two layers of plastic fragments per m³ of soil, spacing them 0.50 m apart and constituting them from 3 kg of fragments per m². In such a case, the incorporation of the fragments of plastic material corresponds to a contribution of, substantially, 3, by weight relative to the weight of the material to be reinforced.

Le procédé de l'invention peut aussi être mis en oeuvre pour diminuer, par exemple, la poussée d'une masse de mâchefer. Dans un tel cas, il convient de faire intervenir cinq nappes de fragments de matières plastiques par m³ de mâchefer, ces couches étant distantes de 0,20 m, en étant constituées à base de 4 kg de fragments par m². Dans un tel cas, les fragments de matières plastiques constituent un apport correspondant, sensiblement, à 12,5 ‰ en poids du mâchefer traité.The method of the invention can also be implemented to reduce, for example, the thrust of a clinker mass. In such a case, five layers of plastic fragments should be used per m³ of clinker, these layers being spaced 0.20 m apart, being made up of 4 kg of fragments per m². In such a case, the plastic fragments constitute a contribution corresponding, substantially, to 12.5 ‰ by weight of the clinker treated.

Un quatrième exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'objet de l'invention est donné, en relation avec le renforcement d'un massif à base d'argile expansée, en vue de diminuer, notablement, la poussée. Dans un tel cas, le massif est armé au moyen de cinq nappes de déchets de matières plastiques par m³ d'argile expansée, ces lits étant distants de 0,20 m, en étant constitués à partir d'apport de 2,4 kg de fragments par m². Les matières plastiques constituent un apport sensiblement égal à 20 ‰ en poids par rapport à l'argile expansée.A fourth example of implementation of the object of the invention is given, in connection with the reinforcement of a solid base based on expanded clay, with a view to reducing, notably, the thrust. In such a case, the massif is reinforced by means of five plies of plastic waste per m³ of expanded clay, these beds being spaced 0.20 m apart, being made up of an intake of 2.4 kg of fragments per m². Plastics constitute a contribution substantially equal to 20 ‰ by weight relative to the expanded clay.

Le procédé de l'invention peut admettre une variante consistant à déposer, simultanément, les couches 3 et 4 et à réaliser un compactage d'ensemble et de la nappe sous-jacente. De préférence, dans un tel cas, les moyens de compactage mis en oeuvre sont choisis pour éviter l'obtention d'une surface supérieure réglée.The method of the invention can admit a variant consisting in depositing layers 3 and 4 simultaneously and in carrying out overall compaction and of the underlying ply. Preferably, in such a case, the compacting means used are chosen to avoid obtaining a set upper surface.

La fig. 4 montre que le procédé de l'invention peut aussi consister à armer une masse M₁ d'un matériau, naturel ou non, homogène ou hétérogène, en prévoyant d'incorporer à une telle masse des fragments de matières plastiques répondant aux mêmes caractéristiques que ci-dessus mais qui y sont répartis par mélange au lieu d'être disposés en couches ou lits, comme dans les exemples précédents. Fig. 4 shows that the process of the invention can also consist in arming a mass M₁ of a material, natural or not, homogeneous or heterogeneous, by providing for incorporating into such a mass fragments of plastic materials meeting the same characteristics as above but which are distributed there by mixing instead of being arranged in layers or beds, as in the previous examples.

Des proportions d'apport, sensiblement analogues à celles évoquées précédemment, peuvent être retenues, en relation avec une même nature ou nature équivalente de matériau à armer.Supply proportions, substantially similar to those mentioned above, can be used, in relation to the same nature or equivalent nature of material to be reinforced.

Le procédé de l'invention peut consister, initialement, en un dépôt de la masse nécessaire de fragments de matières plastiques sur la surface du massif à traiter qui est, ensuite, soumis, sur une profondeur déterminée, à un griffage de plus en plus profond puis, ensuite, à un retournement, en vue de répartir, de façon sensiblement homogène, les différents fragments dans la masse.The process of the invention may consist, initially, of depositing the necessary mass of plastic fragments on the surface of the mass to be treated, which is then subjected, over a determined depth, to an increasingly deep scratching. then, then, to a reversal, in order to distribute, in a substantially homogeneous manner, the different fragments in the mass.

Le procédé de l'invention peut aussi être mis en oeuvre en procédant à une phase de mélange et d'incorporation hors du site sur lequel la masse de matériau et de fragments est ensuite déposée.The method of the invention can also be implemented by carrying out a mixing and incorporation phase outside the site on which the mass of material and of fragments is then deposited.

Dans les deux cas, une phase ultime de compactage est ensuite prévue, en relation avec les critères de compactage habituellement réservés au matériau devant être armé.In both cases, an ultimate compaction phase is then planned, in relation to the compaction criteria usually reserved for the material to be reinforced.

Il peut être envisagé de réaliser des massifs armés, en procédant de la façon ci-dessus, par couches successives.It can be envisaged to produce armed massifs, by proceeding in the above manner, in successive layers.

Claims (7)

1 - Procédé pour armer des matériaux naturels ou non, notamment, le sol, à partir de matières plastiques,
      caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à incorporer, à ces matériaux, des fragments de matières plastiques, hétérogènes en forme et composition, en une proportion pouvant être comprise entre 0,5 ‰ et 100 ‰ en poids par rapport au poids de matériaux à armer. 1 - Method for arming natural or non-natural materials, in particular the ground, from plastics,
characterized in that it consists in incorporating, into these materials, fragments of plastic materials, heterogeneous in shape and composition, in a proportion which may be between 0.5 ‰ and 100 ‰ by weight relative to the weight of materials to be reinforced . 2 - Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à incorporer les fragments sous la forme d'au moins une nappe (2) constituée par le dépôt en vrac de fragments de matières plastiques. 2 - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists in incorporating the fragments in the form of at least one ply ( 2 ) formed by the bulk deposition of plastic fragments. 3 - Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à incorporer dans la masse de matériaux à armer plusieurs nappes parallèles (2, 5, etc...) de fragments de matières plastiques, distantes l'une de l'autre d'une mesure comprise entre 10 et 100 cm. 3 - Process according to claim 2, characterized in that it consists in incorporating into the mass of materials to be reinforced several parallel plies ( 2, 5, etc ... ) of plastic fragments, distant from one of the another one measuring between 10 and 100 cm. 4 - Procédé selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à procéder à un compactage d'une couche intermédiaire (3, 6, etc...) de matériaux à armer, à recouvrir cette couche d'une couche (4) de matériaux foisonnant, à déposer un lit (5) de fragments de matières plastiques, à recouvrir ce lit d'une couche (6) analogue à la couche (3), puis à compacter simultanément les couches (4, 5 et 6). 4 - Process according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that it consists in compacting an intermediate layer ( 3, 6, etc. ) of materials to be reinforced, covering this layer with a layer ( 4 ) of abundant materials, depositing a bed ( 5 ) of plastic fragments, covering this bed with a layer ( 6 ) similar to the layer ( 3 ), then simultaneously compacting the layers ( 4, 5 and 6 ). 5 - Procédé selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à procéder à un compactage de la couche (4) devant supporter directement les fragments de matières plastiques. 5 - Method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that it consists in compacting the layer ( 4 ) to directly support the plastic fragments. 6 - Procédé selon les revendications 4 et 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à compacter la couche de matériaux à armer en mettant en oeuvre des forces de compactage (inférieures, égales ou supérieures) à celles maximales mises en oeuvre pour le compactage ordinaire dudit matériau en masse non armée. 6 - Method according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that it consists in compacting the layer of materials to be reinforced by using compaction forces (lower, equal or greater) than those used for ordinary compaction of said unarmed bulk material. 7 - Matériau naturel ou non armé conformément au procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6. 7 - Natural or unreinforced material according to the method according to one of claims 1 to 6.
EP88420048A 1987-02-18 1988-02-17 Process for strengthening natural or unnatural materials, especially soil Withdrawn EP0280629A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8702430A FR2610960B1 (en) 1987-02-18 1987-02-18 METHOD FOR ARMING NATURAL MATERIALS OR NOT AND, IN PARTICULAR, THE GROUND
FR8702430 1987-02-18

Publications (1)

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EP0280629A1 true EP0280629A1 (en) 1988-08-31

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EP88420048A Withdrawn EP0280629A1 (en) 1987-02-18 1988-02-17 Process for strengthening natural or unnatural materials, especially soil

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EP (1) EP0280629A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2610960B1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0385557A1 (en) * 1989-03-03 1990-09-05 DIGEMA DESIGN B.V. Handelend onder de Naam DIGEMA RECYCLING Soil improving material based on polyurethane
WO2002033324A1 (en) 2000-10-16 2002-04-25 Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd. Burner with progressive fuel injection

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2075354A5 (en) * 1970-01-08 1971-10-08 Environmental Sciences
DE2053891A1 (en) * 1970-11-03 1972-05-10 Meißner, Horst, Dipl.-Ing., 6091 Weilbach Process for increasing the strength properties of unconsolidated rock as a building material and artificial structure made of unconsolidated rock
GB1415524A (en) * 1972-08-25 1975-11-26 Hollandsche Wegenbouw Zanen Nv Soil stabilisation
DE2952783A1 (en) * 1979-12-31 1981-07-23 Histeel S.A., Lausanne Multiphase construction material with low sensitivity to impact - where concrete contg. metal, polymer, and/or glass fibres, is reinforced by steel rods or plate

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2075354A5 (en) * 1970-01-08 1971-10-08 Environmental Sciences
DE2053891A1 (en) * 1970-11-03 1972-05-10 Meißner, Horst, Dipl.-Ing., 6091 Weilbach Process for increasing the strength properties of unconsolidated rock as a building material and artificial structure made of unconsolidated rock
GB1415524A (en) * 1972-08-25 1975-11-26 Hollandsche Wegenbouw Zanen Nv Soil stabilisation
DE2952783A1 (en) * 1979-12-31 1981-07-23 Histeel S.A., Lausanne Multiphase construction material with low sensitivity to impact - where concrete contg. metal, polymer, and/or glass fibres, is reinforced by steel rods or plate

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0385557A1 (en) * 1989-03-03 1990-09-05 DIGEMA DESIGN B.V. Handelend onder de Naam DIGEMA RECYCLING Soil improving material based on polyurethane
WO2002033324A1 (en) 2000-10-16 2002-04-25 Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd. Burner with progressive fuel injection

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2610960B1 (en) 1991-06-07
FR2610960A1 (en) 1988-08-19

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