EP0276398B1 - Burner - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0276398B1
EP0276398B1 EP87117120A EP87117120A EP0276398B1 EP 0276398 B1 EP0276398 B1 EP 0276398B1 EP 87117120 A EP87117120 A EP 87117120A EP 87117120 A EP87117120 A EP 87117120A EP 0276398 B1 EP0276398 B1 EP 0276398B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
passage opening
fuel
closure body
air
tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87117120A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0276398A3 (en
EP0276398A2 (en
Inventor
Friedhelm Salzmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsche Babcock Werke AG
Original Assignee
Deutsche Babcock Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutsche Babcock Werke AG filed Critical Deutsche Babcock Werke AG
Priority to AT87117120T priority Critical patent/ATE57430T1/en
Publication of EP0276398A2 publication Critical patent/EP0276398A2/en
Publication of EP0276398A3 publication Critical patent/EP0276398A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0276398B1 publication Critical patent/EP0276398B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/74—Preventing flame lift-off
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F23D14/24—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner with the features of the preamble of the claim.
  • a burner of the generic type is known from DE-PS 35 26 482 and is used for the combustion of liquid fuel.
  • a high-speed air flow is generated in the gap, which atomizes the fuel entering the gap into very fine drops and mixes it homogeneously with the combustion air.
  • the burner can therefore be used to heat boilers for low-temperature heating.
  • the invention has for its object to design the generic burner such that it is suitable for the combustion of gaseous fuels.
  • the drawing shows a longitudinal section through a burner according to the invention.
  • the burner contains a guide tube 1, which is provided with a connection 2 for the supply of combustion air.
  • the guide tube 1 is closed at the rear end by a cover 3 and at the front end by a closure body 4 which has a passage opening 5.
  • the closure body 4 contains a flange to which the cooled flame chamber 6 of a heating boiler connects.
  • a guide body 7 is arranged within the guide tube 1.
  • the guide body 7 has a flat bottom surface 8, which is at a short distance from the end face 9 of the end body 4, so that a plane-parallel gap 10 is formed, which runs perpendicular to the axis of the guide tube 1.
  • the guide body 7 is provided with swirl vanes 11 on the outside.
  • the swirl blades 11 force a swirl on the incoming combustion air, the swirled air being accelerated within the narrow gap 10. This creates a rapidly rotating air vortex within the passage opening 5 of the end body 4, which vortex is closed against the direction of flow of air by the guide body 7. In the center of rotation of this vortex there is a static pressure which is lower than the pressure of the incoming air of 100 to 120 mbar required to generate the vortex.
  • a fuel line 12 for gaseous fuel is guided through the guide tube 1 and the guide body 7.
  • a nut 13 is provided for setting the optimum penetration depth of the fuel line 12 into the burner.
  • the fuel line 12 has lateral outlet openings 14.
  • the fuel line 12 is pushed so far into the passage opening 5 of the closing body 4 that the lateral outlet openings 14 lie within the center of rotation of the air vortex formed in the outlet opening 5.
  • the static pressure prevailing at this point is lower than the available gas pressure of 10 to 15 mbar, with which the gaseous fuel is supplied, so that the gaseous fuel can enter the air vortex.
  • the passage opening 5 of the closure body 4 has a first section 15 and a second section 16.
  • the first section 15 is dimensioned such that a flow rate of the air-gas mixture is established which corresponds approximately to three times the ignition rate.
  • the first section 15 widens conically to the extent that the volume of the mixture increases due to the supply of the gaseous fuel. In the illustrated case, the angle that the side wall of the first section 15 forms with the longitudinal axis of the guide tube 1 is approximately 10 degrees.
  • the second section 16 of the passage opening 5 widens bell-shaped, the largest diameter of this second section 16 being dimensioned such that the flow velocity of the Air-gas mixture drops to ignition speed.
  • a disk-shaped flame holder 17 is provided, which is attached to the fuel line 12 via a rod 18.
  • a high-voltage ignition 19 and an ionization probe 20 protrude into the flame chamber 6.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)

Abstract

1. Burner with a central fuel duct (12) and a feed tube (1) for combusion air, which tube is closed at one end by a closure body (4) displaying a central passage opening (5), wherein a swirl body (7) for the production of a rapidly rotating air whirl is arranged in the guide tube (1), the swirl body (7) with the closure body (4) forms a radial gap (10) extending perpendicularly to the axis of the guide tube (1), the passage opening (5) of the closure body (4) displays a first portion (15), which is dimensioned in such a manner that the flow speed corresponds to at least three times the flame propagation velocity and which is adjoined by a second widening portion (16), the greatest dimension of which is dimensioned in such a manner that the flow speed at the end of this portion (16) is smaller than the flame propagation velocity, characterised thereby, that the fuel duct (12) conducting a gaseous fuel displays lateral exit openings (14), which are arranged in the under-pressure zone of the air whirl establishing itself in the first portion (15) of the passage opening (5), and that the first portion (15) enlarges conically and the second portion (16) adjoining thereat enlarges in bell shape in the direction of the fuel flow, wherein a flame holder (17) is arranged behind the second portion.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Brenner mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Patentanspruches.The invention relates to a burner with the features of the preamble of the claim.

Ein Brenner der gattungsgemäßen Art ist aus der DE-PS 35 26 482 bekannt und dient der Verbrennung von flüssigem Brennstoff. Bei diesem Brenner wird in dem Spalt ein Luftstrom hoher Geschwindigkeit erzeugt, der den in den Spalt eintretenden Brennstoff in feinste Tropfen zerstäubt und homogen mit der Verbrennungsluft vermischt. Auf diese Weise werden die Voraussetzungen geschaffen, unter denen die Verbrennung des flüssigen Brennstoffes ausschließlich über gasförmige Zwischenprodukte und damit ohne Rußbildung und bei einer kurzen Flamme erfolgen kann. Der Brenner kann daher zur Beheizung von Heizkesseln für Niedertemperaturheizungen eingesetzt werden.A burner of the generic type is known from DE-PS 35 26 482 and is used for the combustion of liquid fuel. In this burner, a high-speed air flow is generated in the gap, which atomizes the fuel entering the gap into very fine drops and mixes it homogeneously with the combustion air. In this way, the conditions are created under which the combustion of the liquid fuel can take place exclusively via gaseous intermediate products and thus without soot formation and with a short flame. The burner can therefore be used to heat boilers for low-temperature heating.

Bei bekannten Gebläse-Gasbrennern erfolgt die Vermischung von Verbrennungsluft und Brennstoff nach einem Turbulator, was zu einer bestimmten, der Leistung zugeordneten Flammenlänge führt, da die Durchmischung erst allmählich erfolgt. Gleichzeitig bildet sich durch Aufoxidation Stickoxid in der Größenordnung von 80 bis 140 ppm im Abgas. Der Schadstoffausstoß könnte durch eine beschleunigte Mischung und Verbrennung unter gleichzeitiger Kühlung der Flamme zum Beispiel unter Verwendung des aus der DE-PS 35 26 482 bekannten Brenners verringert werden. Bei einem Einsatz dieses Brenners für die Verbrennung von gasförmigem Brennstoff steht der notwendigen Luftpressung von etwa 100 bis 120 mbar ein verwertbarer Gasdruck von 10 bis 15 mbar gegenüber.In known blower gas burners, the combustion air and fuel are mixed according to a turbulator, which leads to a certain flame length associated with the output, since the mixing takes place only gradually. At the same time, oxides of nitrogen form on the order of 80 to 140 ppm in the exhaust gas. The emission of pollutants could be reduced by accelerated mixing and combustion with simultaneous cooling of the flame, for example using the burner known from DE-PS 35 26 482. When this burner is used for the combustion of gaseous fuel, the necessary air pressure of approximately 100 to 120 mbar is offset by a usable gas pressure of 10 to 15 mbar.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den gattungsgemäßen Brenner derart zu gestalten, daß er für die Verbrennung von gasförmigen Brennstoffen geeignet ist.The invention has for its object to design the generic burner such that it is suitable for the combustion of gaseous fuels.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen Brenner erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention in a generic burner by the characterizing features of the patent claim.

Unter Beibehaltung des Strömungsprinzipes des gattungsgemäßen Brenners wird das Problem der Einspeisung des unter geringerem Druck stehenden gasförmigen Brennstoffes dadurch gelöst, daß der im Rotationszentrum eines Luftwirbels herrschende geringere Druck für die Gaseinleitung genutzt wird, wobei der Luftwirbel entgegen der Strömungsrichtung verschlossen ist. Die Gasstrahlen treten durch die seitlichen Austrittsöffnungen senkrecht in die Luftströmung ein, wodurch die Vermischung verbessert wird. Durch die Erweiterung des ersten Abschnittes der Durchtrittsöffnung bleibt die Geschwindigkeit des Luft-Gas-Gemisches erhalten. Schließlich sorgt der Flammenhalter für eine Stabilisierung der Flammenwurzel. Insgesamt wird eine so intensive Vermischung von Luft und gasförmigem Brennstoff erreicht, daß sich eine extrem kurze Flamme ergibt, die ohne Nachteil unmittelbar gekühlt werden kann. Der Stickoxidanteil sinkt dabei auf einen Wert um 30 ppm, und bei einem Luftüberschuß von etwa 1 % ist das Abgas noch frei von Kohlenmonoxid.While maintaining the flow principle of the generic burner, the problem of feeding the gaseous fuel, which is at a lower pressure, is solved in that the lower pressure prevailing in the center of rotation of an air vortex is used for the gas introduction, the air vortex being closed against the direction of flow. The gas jets enter the air flow perpendicularly through the lateral outlet openings, which improves the mixing. By expanding the first section of the passage opening, the speed of the air-gas mixture is maintained. Finally, the flame holder stabilizes the flame root. Overall, such an intensive mixing of air and gaseous fuel is achieved that an extremely short flame results which can be cooled directly without disadvantage. The nitrogen oxide content drops to a value of around 30 ppm, and with an excess of air of around 1%, the exhaust gas is still free of carbon monoxide.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher erläutert. Die Zeichnung stellt einen Längsschnitt durch einen Brenner gemäß der Erfindung dar.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is explained in more detail below. The drawing shows a longitudinal section through a burner according to the invention.

Der Brenner enthält ein Führungsrohr 1, das mit einem Anschluß 2 für die Zuführung von Verbrennungsluft versehen ist. Das Führungsrohr 1 ist am hinteren Ende durch einen Deckel 3 und am vorderen Ende durch einen Abschlußkörper 4 verschlossen, der eine Durchtrittsöffnung 5 aufweist. Der Abschlußkörper 4 enthält einen Flansch, an den der gekühlte Flammraum 6 eines Heizungskessels anschließt.The burner contains a guide tube 1, which is provided with a connection 2 for the supply of combustion air. The guide tube 1 is closed at the rear end by a cover 3 and at the front end by a closure body 4 which has a passage opening 5. The closure body 4 contains a flange to which the cooled flame chamber 6 of a heating boiler connects.

Innerhalb des Führungsrohres 1 ist ein Leitkörper 7 angeordnet. Der Leitkörper 7 weist eine ebene Bodenfläche 8 auf, die der Stirnfläche 9 des Abschlußkörpers 4 in einem geringen Abstand gegenüber steht, so daß ein planparalleler Spalt 10 gebildet wird, der senkrecht zur Achse des Führungsrohrs 1 verläuft.A guide body 7 is arranged within the guide tube 1. The guide body 7 has a flat bottom surface 8, which is at a short distance from the end face 9 of the end body 4, so that a plane-parallel gap 10 is formed, which runs perpendicular to the axis of the guide tube 1.

Auf der Außenseite ist der Leitkörper 7 mit Drallschaufeln 11 versehen. Die Drallschaufeln 11 zwingen der eintretenden Verbrennungsluft einen Drall auf, wobei die verdrallte Luft innerhalb des engen Spaltes 10 beschleunigt wird. Es entsteht damit innerhalb der Durchtrittsöffnung 5 des Abschlußkörpers 4 ein schnell rotierender Luftwirbel, der entgegen der Strömungsrichtung der Luft durch den Leitkörper 7 verschlossen ist. In dem Rotationszentrum dieses Luftwirbels herrscht ein statischer Druck, der geringer ist als die zur Erzeugung des Luftwirbels erforderliche Pressung der eintretenden Luft von 100 bis 120 mbar.The guide body 7 is provided with swirl vanes 11 on the outside. The swirl blades 11 force a swirl on the incoming combustion air, the swirled air being accelerated within the narrow gap 10. This creates a rapidly rotating air vortex within the passage opening 5 of the end body 4, which vortex is closed against the direction of flow of air by the guide body 7. In the center of rotation of this vortex there is a static pressure which is lower than the pressure of the incoming air of 100 to 120 mbar required to generate the vortex.

Durch das Führungsrohr 1 und den Leitkörper 7 ist eine Brennstoffleitung 12 für gasförmigen Brennstoff geführt. An dem aus dem Deckel 3 herausragenden Ende der Brennstoffleitung 12 ist eine Mutter 13 zur Einstellung der optimalen Eindringtiefe der Brennstoffleitung 12 in den Brenner vorgesehen. Die Brennstoffleitung 12 weist seitliche Austrittsöffnungen 14 auf. Die Brennstoffleitung 12 ist soweit in die Durchtrittsöffnung 5 des Abschlußkörpers 4 hineingeschoben, daß die seitlichen Austrittsöffnungen 14 innerhalb des Rotationszentrums des sich in der Austrittsöffnung 5 bildenden Luftwirbels liegen. Der an dieser Stelle herrschende statische Druck ist geringer als der verfügbare Gasdruck von 10 bis 15 mbar, mit dem der gasförmige Brennstoff zugeführt wird, so daß der gasförmige Brennstoff in den Luftwirbel eintreten kann.A fuel line 12 for gaseous fuel is guided through the guide tube 1 and the guide body 7. At the end of the fuel line 12 protruding from the cover 3, a nut 13 is provided for setting the optimum penetration depth of the fuel line 12 into the burner. The fuel line 12 has lateral outlet openings 14. The fuel line 12 is pushed so far into the passage opening 5 of the closing body 4 that the lateral outlet openings 14 lie within the center of rotation of the air vortex formed in the outlet opening 5. The static pressure prevailing at this point is lower than the available gas pressure of 10 to 15 mbar, with which the gaseous fuel is supplied, so that the gaseous fuel can enter the air vortex.

Die Durchtrittsöffnung 5 des Abschlußkörpers 4 weist einen ersten Abschnitt 15 und einen zweiten Abschnitt 16 auf. Der erste Abschnitt 15 ist derart bemessen, daß sich eine Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Luft-Gas-Gemisches einstellt, die etwa der dreifachen Zündgeschwindigkeit entspricht. Der erste Abschnitt 15 erweitert sich konisch in dem Maße, wie das Volumen des Gemisches durch die Zuführung des gasförmigen Brennstoffes zunimmt. Im dargestellten Fall beträgt der Winkel, den die Seitenwand des ersten Abschnittes 15 mit der Längsachse des Führungsrohres 1 bildet etwa 10 Grad. Der zweite Abschnitt 16 der Durchtrittsöffnung 5 erweitert sich glockenförmig, wobei der größte Durchmesser dieses zweiten Abschnittes 16 so bemessen ist, daß die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Luft-Gas-Gemisches auf Zündgeschwindigkeit absinkt.The passage opening 5 of the closure body 4 has a first section 15 and a second section 16. The first section 15 is dimensioned such that a flow rate of the air-gas mixture is established which corresponds approximately to three times the ignition rate. The first section 15 widens conically to the extent that the volume of the mixture increases due to the supply of the gaseous fuel. In the illustrated case, the angle that the side wall of the first section 15 forms with the longitudinal axis of the guide tube 1 is approximately 10 degrees. The second section 16 of the passage opening 5 widens bell-shaped, the largest diameter of this second section 16 being dimensioned such that the flow velocity of the Air-gas mixture drops to ignition speed.

Unmittelbar hinter dem zweiten Abschnitt 16 der Durchtrittsöffnung 5 ist ein scheibenförmiger Flammenhalter 17 vorgesehen, der über eine Stange 18 an der Brennstoffleitung 12 befestigt ist. In den Flammraum 6 ragt eine Hochspannungszündung 19 und eine lonisationssonde 20 hinein.Immediately behind the second section 16 of the passage opening 5, a disk-shaped flame holder 17 is provided, which is attached to the fuel line 12 via a rod 18. A high-voltage ignition 19 and an ionization probe 20 protrude into the flame chamber 6.

Claims (1)

  1. Burner with a central fuel duct (12) and a feed tube (1) for combusion air, which tube is closed at one end by a closure body (4) displaying a central passage opening (5), wherein a swirl body (7) for the production of a rapidly rotating air whirl is arranged in the guide tube (1), the swirl body (7) with the closure body (4) forms a radial gap (10) extending perpendicularly to the axis of the guide tube (1), the passage opening (5) of the closure body (4) displays a first portion (15), which is dimensioned in such a manner that the flow speed corresponds to at least three times the flame propagation velocity and which is adjoined by a second widening portion (16), the greatest dimension of which is dimensioned in such a manner that the flow speed at the end of this portion (16) is smaller than the flame propagation velocity, characterised thereby, that the fuel duct (12) conducting a gaseous fuel displays lateral exit openings (14), which are arranged in the underpressure zone of the air whirl establishing itself in the first portion (15) of the passage opening (5), and that the first portion (15) enlarges conically and the second portion (16) adjoining thereat enlarges in bell shape in the direction of the fuel flow, wherein a flame holder (17) is arranged behind the second portion.
EP87117120A 1987-01-28 1987-11-20 Burner Expired - Lifetime EP0276398B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87117120T ATE57430T1 (en) 1987-01-28 1987-11-20 BURNER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3702415 1987-01-28
DE3702415A DE3702415C1 (en) 1987-01-28 1987-01-28 burner

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0276398A2 EP0276398A2 (en) 1988-08-03
EP0276398A3 EP0276398A3 (en) 1989-04-12
EP0276398B1 true EP0276398B1 (en) 1990-10-10

Family

ID=6319656

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87117120A Expired - Lifetime EP0276398B1 (en) 1987-01-28 1987-11-20 Burner

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0276398B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE57430T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3702415C1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1017744B (en) * 1988-12-26 1992-08-05 株式会社日立制作所 Boiler for low nitrogen oxide
DE69128768D1 (en) * 1990-11-16 1998-02-26 Energy Int Inc Low NOx burner
FR2729743B1 (en) * 1995-01-24 1997-04-04 Cuenod Thermotech Sa COMBUSTION HEAD, PARTICULARLY FOR A BLOW AIR BURNER, AND BURNER PROVIDED WITH SUCH A HEAD
WO1998051966A1 (en) 1997-05-13 1998-11-19 Maxon Corporation Low-emissions industrial burner
GB2337102A (en) * 1998-05-09 1999-11-10 Europ Gas Turbines Ltd Gas-turbine engine combustor
US6729874B2 (en) 2000-07-27 2004-05-04 John Zink Company, Llc Venturi cluster, and burners and methods employing such cluster
RU2471117C1 (en) * 2011-08-10 2012-12-27 Александр Викторович Фролов Recuperative gas burner, and air heating method using that burner

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1551797A1 (en) * 1951-01-28 1971-12-16 Inst Gasa Akademii Nauk Uk Ssr Flat gas burner
GB784765A (en) * 1955-07-19 1957-10-16 Ofu Ofenbau Union Gmbh An improved method of and apparatus for the rapid and uniform heating of industrial furnaces
DE3038063C2 (en) * 1980-10-08 1983-07-28 Braukmann Kessel GmbH, 6966 Seckach Oil burner
DE3526482C1 (en) * 1985-07-24 1986-12-18 Deutsche Babcock Werke AG, 4200 Oberhausen Burners for burning liquid fuel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0276398A3 (en) 1989-04-12
EP0276398A2 (en) 1988-08-03
ATE57430T1 (en) 1990-10-15
DE3702415C1 (en) 1988-04-21
DE3765536D1 (en) 1990-11-15

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