EP0275414B1 - Tobacco product for producing a home-made cigarette, particularly a filter cigarette - Google Patents

Tobacco product for producing a home-made cigarette, particularly a filter cigarette Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0275414B1
EP0275414B1 EP87117499A EP87117499A EP0275414B1 EP 0275414 B1 EP0275414 B1 EP 0275414B1 EP 87117499 A EP87117499 A EP 87117499A EP 87117499 A EP87117499 A EP 87117499A EP 0275414 B1 EP0275414 B1 EP 0275414B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cigarette
tobacco
tobacco portion
cigarette paper
paper tube
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP87117499A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0275414A1 (en
Inventor
Heinrich W. Ruppert
Klaus G. Gätschmann
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Efka Werke Fritz Kiehn GmbH
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Efka Werke Fritz Kiehn GmbH
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Application filed by Efka Werke Fritz Kiehn GmbH filed Critical Efka Werke Fritz Kiehn GmbH
Priority to AT87117499T priority Critical patent/ATE65369T1/en
Publication of EP0275414A1 publication Critical patent/EP0275414A1/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24CMACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/40Hand-driven apparatus for making cigarettes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tobacco product for the self-manufacture of a cigarette, in particular filter cigarette according to the preamble of claim 1, and a method for the self-manufacture of a cigarette, in particular filter cigarette using such a tobacco product.
  • the bale chamber is delimited by a piston-like tobacco ejection slide, by means of which the tobacco supply can be transferred from the bale chamber into the cigarette tube.
  • a piston-like tobacco ejection slide by means of which the tobacco supply can be transferred from the bale chamber into the cigarette tube.
  • the cigarettes stuffed in this way are characterized by different smoking behavior, namely different train, taste and different long smoking time.
  • the self-made cigarette behaves similarly to the self-rolled cigarette.
  • the pollutant content of the self-stuffed or rolled cigarette in the conventional way is very different and uncontrolled according to the different filling levels of the cigarette tube.
  • EP-A-123 150 a tobacco product for self-manufacturing of cigarettes by the consumer is proposed in EP-A-123 150, which is characterized by a non-smokable prefabricated product in the form of a prefabricated tobacco cartridge consisting of an open-ended, diameter-based cartridge the cigarette paper tube adapted to the finished cigarette and a strand-like tobacco filling, each corresponding to a cigarette portion, which can be transferred from the extrusion tube into an empty cigarette paper tube by means of an associated piston which is adapted to the inside diameter of the extrusion tube.
  • This tobacco product is suitable for use in connection with conventional self-filling cigarette tubes as well as in connection with conventional self-rolling papers.
  • the consumer is provided with a precisely metered quantity of tobacco in the form of a cigarette tobacco cartridge, which corresponds to the filling quantity of a conventional, industrial consumer cigarette, the tobacco filling of which in a simple manner in a prefabricated cigarette tube of a commercially available type or in a self-rolling device - Rolled cigarette paper cigarette sleeve is transferable.
  • the tobacco cartridge has a casing, namely a casing, made of non-smoking material.
  • the strand casing represents a superfluous auxiliary device which can only be used once.
  • further aids are required for transferring the pre-portioned tobacco supply from the strand casing into the cigarette paper tube, namely a free-to-use, loose tobacco transfer rod. The handling of the same without further aids for inserting the filled tobacco cartridge into the empty cigarette paper tube and holding the string envelope of the tobacco cartridge when transferring the tobacco supply should pose great difficulties even for experienced in-house cigarette manufacturers.
  • DE-B-33 43 402 and EP-A-84 111 150.3 propose various aids or devices for transferring the tobacco from the strand casing into a cigarette paper casing. Ultimately, however, this system is also dependent on additional aids for self-manufacturing a cigarette.
  • EP-A-155 514 which goes back to the applicant, has for the first time proposed a tobacco product which enables cigarettes to be self-made without auxiliary means, such as a tobacco transfer rod or the like, and in which there is no longer any disposable strand casing.
  • This tobacco product consists of a tobacco filling of a finished cigarette that is dimensionally stable and has a tobacco portion, the outer surface of which is formed from a covering made of completely smokable material, the outer surface being so permeable to air that the tobacco portion as such is not smokable and only after its outer surface has been tightly wrapped Cigarette paper or the like. Is smokable.
  • an equally designed tobacco product is proposed by EP-A-178 605, wherein according to a preferred embodiment the diameter of the tobacco portion is slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the cigarette paper tube of the finished cigarette in order to facilitate the introduction of the tobacco portion into the prefabricated cigarette paper tube.
  • the diameter of the tobacco portion must be increased by subsequent mechanical manipulation of the tobacco portion by the user.
  • This type of strand envelope perforation is also intended to reduce the Enable the diameter of the tobacco portion by twisting it in the direction of rotation of the perforation spiral line.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a tobacco product of the type in question here, which can be placed very easily within the wrapper made of cigarette paper or the like.
  • Smokable and tractive material due to a smaller diameter of the tobacco portion compared to the wrapping of cigarette paper for the smoking of the end product "cigarette” the dense contact of the tobacco on the wrapper made of cigarette paper or the like is achieved without subsequent manipulation of the tobacco portion and / or the wrapper made of cigarette paper or the like by the user.
  • the design of the tobacco product according to the invention is characterized in that the user is no longer required in any way. No separate instructions from the user for making a cigarette are required, with the exception of the fact that the tobacco product is placed within a wrapper made of cigarette paper or similar material. The tight contact of the tobacco on the wrapping made of cigarette paper or the like is done automatically according to the invention. A subsequent mechanical action on the tobacco product by the user, as proposed in EP-A-178 605, is no longer required.
  • Claim 10 relates to the method for producing a cigarette using tobacco products designed according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an industrially prefabricated dimensionally stable tobacco portion 10 in association with a likewise industrially prefabricated cigarette paper tube 11 with filter 12 of the conventional type used by self-tamper.
  • the essential element of the system shown is the dimensionally stable tobacco portion, which is not smokable outside of the cigarette paper tube 11, however otherwise consists entirely of smokable material.
  • the tobacco portion 10 consists of a strand casing 13 made of thin tobacco film material or tobacco-colored cigarette paper, which is provided with perforations 14.
  • the perforations 14 extend according to FIG. 1 over the entire length of the tobacco portion 10.
  • the perforations 14 are preferably arranged approximately uniformly distributed over the length and the circumference of the tobacco portion 10.
  • a porous covering material can also be used as the strand covering 13.
  • the strand casing 13 contains a strand-like tobacco filling 15 introduced by the manufacturer Tobacco filling 15 in the casing 13 is approximately as dense, preferably slightly more dense in the radial direction, packed than in an industrially manufactured cigarette.
  • the tobacco portion 10 has a length which corresponds approximately to the length of the tobacco receiving space 16 of a commercially available cigarette paper tube 11.
  • the outer diameter of the tobacco portion is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the cigarette paper tube 11, so that it can be easily inserted or inserted into the cigarette paper tube 11.
  • the diameter of the tobacco portion 10 is dimensioned such that the tobacco portion 10 can also be inserted into a cigarette paper tube, which is undersized in terms of diameter, with play, ie without problems.
  • the diameter of the cigarette paper tubes on the market is in the order of ⁇ 1/10 - 2/10 mm; Accordingly, the tobacco portion 10 is designed in terms of its diameter so that it can be inserted without any problem into a cigarette paper tube, which has the maximum minus tolerance in terms of diameter. Irrespective of this, the tobacco filling 15 of each tobacco portion 10 corresponds in terms of quantity to the tight packing of the cigarette paper tube 11 desired for the finished cigarettes, and that - as explained - in accordance with a normal cigarette manufactured by the manufacturer.
  • the cross section of the tobacco portion 10 is preferably approximately circular over the entire length to match the free cross section of the cigarette paper tube 11.
  • the seam gluing 19 is carried out by means of a thermoplastic and food-safe adhesive which is at least in the area of the relatively hot glowing zone 17 and when the cigarettes are smoked with it progressively loosens with the opening of the connecting seam 18, so that the tobacco portion 10 or its tobacco filling 15 can expand radially outwards under close contact with the cigarette paper.
  • the cigarette is therefore in use, i.e. H. when lit or with the first train, smokable without the user having to act (mechanically) on the portion 10 of cigarettes in any way.
  • the opening of the connecting seam 18 in the area of the glowing zone 17 is shown schematically in FIG. 3.
  • the longitudinal seam 18 opens in full length. This depends not least on the consistency of the adhesive used.
  • the embodiment described is very simple in terms of manufacturing technology.
  • the tobacco portions 10 can be made on a conventional cigarette making machine. It is only necessary to use the aforementioned adhesive in order to achieve the desired effect of radial expansion when using the cigarette.
  • the resolution of the seam adhesive 19 can also by the Smoking released moisture take place, which is inherent in the tobacco filling 15.
  • the radial "preload" of the tobacco portion 10 should therefore be released due to the action of heat or moisture, so that the tobacco portion 10 or its tobacco filling 15 lies tightly against the inner surface of the wrapping made of cigarette paper.
  • a predetermined breaking point preferably a predetermined breaking line
  • the predetermined breaking line is preferably characterized by a weakening of the material of the strand casing 13. It can also be formed by a particularly intensive perforation, i. H. dense arrangement of perforation openings along a predetermined line.
  • a fixative is preferably chosen to achieve the automatic increase in diameter during use, which causes radial expansion of the tobacco stick under the action of heat and / or released moisture that the tobacco lies close to the cigarette paper.
  • the expansion of the tobacco stick can also progressively take place in the area of the ember zone and when the cigarette is smoked with it.
  • the tobacco rod is preferably radially compressed, it being held in this compressed state by the fixative. Under the influence of heat and / or released The fixative should no longer be able to hold the tobacco rod together in the radial direction due to moisture when the cigarettes are lit or the first pull, so that the impressed radial compression or preload is released.
  • the outer surface of the tobacco portion 10 or strand casing 13 and / or the inner surface of the wrapper 11 is made of cigarette paper, whereby in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 the fur-like structures 20 of the tobacco portion 10 and 21 of the cigarette paper sleeve 11 are directed so that on the one hand they do not impede the insertion of the tobacco portion 10 into the prefabricated cigarette paper tube 11, and on the other hand they hold the tobacco portion 10 securely in the tobacco receiving space 16 of the cigarette paper tube 10.
  • the fur-like structure 21 on the inner surface of the cigarette paper tube 11 is thus directed towards the filter piece 12, while the direction of the fur-like structure 20 on the outer surface of the tobacco portion 10 is exactly opposite when the same is inserted into the tobacco receiving space 16 of the cigarette paper tube 11 (see arrow P) .
  • the fur-like structure 20 and / or 21 causes a sufficient filling of possible gaps between tobacco portion 10 on the one hand and cigarette paper tube 11 on the other hand such that the self-made cigarette can be smoked without any problems without irregular burning of the cigarette paper tube.
  • the train is approximately uniform over the entire cross section of the cigarette paper tube 11. At the same time, a secure hold of the tobacco portion 10 within the cigarette paper tube 11 is ensured even if the diameter of the cigarette paper tube has a maximum plus tolerance.
  • the cigarette paper tube 11 In order to spare the user from having to make sure that the fur-like structure 20 on the lateral surface of the tobacco portion 10 when inserted into the tobacco receiving space 16 the cigarette paper tube 11 is directed as described above, the direction of the fur-like structure 20 or the surface fibers or hairs is approximately perpendicular to the outer surface. Then the tobacco portion 10 can still be easily inserted into the tobacco receiving space 16 of the cigarette paper tube 11, filling in any gaps, in particular annular gaps, between tobacco portion 10 on the one hand and cigarette paper tube 11 on the other. At the same time, a sufficiently secure hold of the tobacco portion 10 in the tobacco receiving space 16 of the cigarette paper tube 11 is ensured, even if no fur-like structure 21 is provided on the inner surface of the cigarette paper tube 11.
  • the hair-like fibers forming the fur-like structure 20 or 21 have a length of about 0.1 to about 0.3 mm.
  • the above-mentioned plus / minus tolerances in the diameter of conventional cigarette paper tubes 11 can thus be easily compensated for.
  • the last-described design of tobacco portion 10 and / or cigarette paper tube 11 can also be combined with the above-described measures for increasing the diameter of the tobacco portion, which will be explained further below.
  • the fur-like structures 20 and 21 give the corresponding surfaces a velvety impression.
  • the fur-like structure 20 or. 21 can also be applied subsequently to the corresponding surface, in particular sprayed on.
  • a kind of complete filling of the tobacco receiving space 16 of a cigarette paper tube 11 is thus achieved by the fur-like structures 20 and 21, even if the diameter of the tobacco portion 10 is noticeably smaller than the inside diameter of the cigarette paper tube
  • the casing 13 of the tobacco portion 10 is provided with an elastically flexible coating 22 made of smokable material, which of course has the same perforation as the casing 13. Similar to the previously described fur-like structures 20, 21, this elastically flexible coating allows the tobacco receiving space 16 of the cigarette paper tube 11 to be completely filled, even with noticeable diameter tolerances of the tobacco product 10 on the one hand and cigarette paper 11 on the other.
  • the strand casing 13 it is also conceivable to produce the strand casing 13 as a whole from an elastically flexible material, the elastically flexible coating 22 or strand casing 13 made from elastically flexible material being used by external packaging, in particular a casing made of cellophane or the like, before use , is radially compressed.
  • This radially effective compression is released after removal of the outer packaging, preferably with a time delay, so that the tobacco portion 10 after insertion into the tobacco receiving space 16 of the cigarette paper tube 11 with the radial expansion of the coating 22 or from the resilient material made of casing 13 close to the Creates inner surface of the cigarette paper tube 11.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show the attachment of an outer packaging in the form of an envelope 23 made of cellophane or the like, which keeps the tobacco portion 10 radially compressed.
  • the tobacco portion 10 should expand radially, preferably with a slight time delay, so that a tight fit within the cigarette paper tube 11 is ensured, even if the diameter of the cigarette paper tube 11 noticeably is larger than the diameter of the radially compressed tobacco portion 10.
  • the envelope 23 In order to facilitate removal of the envelope 23, the latter has a protruding grip tab 25, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the tobacco product described is also suitable for the self-production of a cigarette using self-rolling cigarette paper, in particular cigarette paper papers, in that the cigarette paper or cigarette paper papers are wrapped around the tobacco portion and glued longitudinally in a manner known per se.
  • the surfaces facing one another can also be structured in a scale-like manner and / or be provided with ring-like, interlocking projections, such that on the one hand the tobacco portion 10 extends freely into the wrapper Can insert cigarette paper, on the other hand, the tobacco portion 10 is held securely within the wrapping of cigarette paper while sealing any gaps or channels between the tobacco portion and wrapping.

Landscapes

  • Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Tabakerzeugnis für die Selbstverfertigung einer Zigarette, insbesondere Filter-Zigarette gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1, sowie ein Verfahren zur Selbstverfertigung einer Zigarette, insbesondere Filter-Zigarette unter Verwendung eines derartigen Tabakerzeugnisses.The invention relates to a tobacco product for the self-manufacture of a cigarette, in particular filter cigarette according to the preamble of claim 1, and a method for the self-manufacture of a cigarette, in particular filter cigarette using such a tobacco product.

Die Herstellung von Zigaretten durch den Verbraucher ist in mannigfachen Formen seit langer Zeit bekannt. Dies gilt vor allem für das sog. Selbstdrehen von Zigaretten unter Verwendung von mit Klebrandgummierung versehenen Zigarettenpapier-Blättchen. Das Selbstdrehen von Zigaretten erfordert eine gewisse manuelle Geschicklichkeit und Zeitaufwand. Die Zigaretten selbst fallen selbst bei geübten Selbstdrehern hinsichtlich Größe (Durchmesser), Festigkeit (Prallheit) und Füllungsgrad über die Länge der Zigarette hin stark unterschiedlich aus und bilden nur einen primitiven Ersatz für industriell hergestellte Zigaretten. Nachteilig ist auch das unvermeidliche Verbröseln von Tabak, worunter die Tabakausbeute leidet. Dieselben Probleme - wenn auch vermindert - treten auch bei Verwendung von Selbstdreh-Geräten auf.The production of cigarettes by the consumer has long been known in many forms. This applies above all to the so-called self-rolling of cigarettes using adhesive tape provided rolling papers. Rolling cigarettes yourself requires a certain amount of manual skill and time. The cigarettes themselves are very different in size (diameter), strength (plumpness) and filling level over the length of the cigarette, even with practiced self-rolling, and are only a primitive replacement for industrially manufactured cigarettes. Another disadvantage is the inevitable crumbling of tobacco, which affects the tobacco yield. The same problems - albeit reduced - also occur when using self-turning devices.

Ähnliches gilt für die andere grundsätzliche Art der Selbstherstellung von Zigaretten, nämlich das Selbststopfen von Zigaretten. Es gibt eine Reihe von mehr oder weniger komfortablen Vorrichtungen zum Stopfen von Zigarettenleerhülsen (üblicherweise mit Filterstück) mit Tabak, wobei allen gebräuchlichen Vorrichtungen eine längliche Preßkammer gemeinsam ist, die einerseits von einem etwa halbrunden festen Wandteil und andererseits von einer entgegengesetzt halbrunden Fläche eines bewegbaren Preßbalkens begrenzt ist, mittels dem die Preßkammer nach Befüllen mit Tabak unter Herstellung eines strangartigen Tabakvorrats verschließbar ist. Am einen stirnseitigen Ende der Preßkammer ist eine Aufstecktülle zum Ansetzen und Aufstecken einer leeren Zigarettenhülse vorgesehen. Am entgegengesetzten Ende wird die Preßkammer durch einen kolbenartigen Tabak-Ausstoßschieber begrenzt, mittels dem der Tabakvorrat aus der Preßkammer in die Zigarettenhülse überführt werden kann. Diese bekannten Stoßfgeräte haben sich in der Praxis mehr oder weniger gut bewährt. Es haftet ihnen jedoch der Nachteil an, daß die Anschaffungskosten für die Erstausstattung aufgrund der zum Teil recht aufwendigen Konstruktionen zur Bedienung des Ausstoßschiebers relativ hoch sind, so daß diesbezüglich eine gewisse Hemmschwelle beim Verbraucher überwunden werden muß. Des weiteren läßt sich bei der Befüllung der Preßkammer eine gewisse Verunreinigung der Hände des Benutzers sowie der Umgebung mit Tabakresten bzw. -bröseln nicht vermeiden, die zum Teil als störend empfunden wird und dem Benutzer oftmals von der Benutzung desselben abhält. Schließlich ist durch die manuelle Befüllung ein stets gleichbleibender Füllgrad der Preßkammer und damit der Zigarettenhülse nicht möglich. Die auf diese Weise selbst gestopften Zigaretten zeichnen sich durch unterschiedliches Rauchverhalten, nämlich unterschiedlichen Zug, Geschmack und unterschiedlicher lange Abrauchdauer aus. Insofern verhält sich die selbstgestopfte Zigaretten ähnlich wie die selbstgedrehte Zigarette. Auch ist der Schadstoffgehalt der in herkömmlicher Weise selbstgestopften bzw. selbstgedrehten Zigarette stark unterschiedlich und unkontrolliert entsprechend den unterschiedlichen Füllgraden der Zigarettenhülse.The same applies to the other basic type of self-production of cigarettes, namely the self-stuffing of cigarettes. There are a number of more or less comfortable devices for stuffing cigarette tubes (usually with a filter piece) with tobacco, all common devices having an elongated compression chamber in common, which on the one hand has an approximately semicircular fixed wall part and on the other hand an opposite semicircular surface of a movable press beam is limited, by means of which the press chamber can be closed after filling with tobacco to produce a strand-like tobacco supply. At one end of the press chamber, a plug-in nozzle is provided for attaching and plugging in an empty cigarette tube. At the opposite end, the bale chamber is delimited by a piston-like tobacco ejection slide, by means of which the tobacco supply can be transferred from the bale chamber into the cigarette tube. These known impact devices have more or less proven themselves in practice. However, they have the disadvantage that the purchase costs for the initial equipment due to the sometimes quite complex constructions Operation of the ejection slide are relatively high, so that in this regard a certain inhibition threshold must be overcome by the consumer. Furthermore, a certain degree of contamination of the hands of the user and the environment with tobacco residues or crumbs cannot be avoided when filling the pressing chamber, which is perceived as annoying in part and often prevents the user from using the same. Finally, manual filling means that the degree of filling of the compression chamber and thus of the cigarette tube is not always constant. The cigarettes stuffed in this way are characterized by different smoking behavior, namely different train, taste and different long smoking time. In this respect, the self-made cigarette behaves similarly to the self-rolled cigarette. The pollutant content of the self-stuffed or rolled cigarette in the conventional way is very different and uncontrolled according to the different filling levels of the cigarette tube.

Zur Behebung der genannten Mängel wird in der EP-A-123 150 ein Tabakerzeugnis zur Selbstverfertigung von Zigaretten durch den Verbraucher vorgeschlagen, das gekennzeichnet ist durch ein als solches nicht rauchbares Vorfabrikat in Form einer fabrikatorisch vorgefertigten Tabakpatrone bestehend aus einer stirnseitig offenen, mit ihrem Durchmesser der Zigarettenpapierhülse der fertigen Zigarette angepaßten Stranghülle und einer strangartigen, jeweils einer Zigarettenportion entsprechenden Tabakfüllung, welche durch einen zugeordneten, dem Innendurchmesser der Stranghülle angepaßten Kolben aus der Stranghülle in eine leere Zigarettenpapierhülse übertragbar ist. Dieses Tabakerzeugnis eignet sich sowohl zur Verwendung in Verbindung mit herkömmlichen Selbststopf-Zigarettenhülsen auch auch in Verbindung mit herkömmlichen Selbstdreher-Zigarettenpapierblättchen. Nach dem Grundgedanken dieses Vorschlages wird dem Verbraucher eine genau dosierte, nämlich der Füllmenge einer herkömmlichen, industriellen Konsumzigarette entsprechende Tabakmenge in Form einer Zigarettentabak-Patrone zur Verfügung gestellt, deren Tabakfüllung in einfacher Weise in eine vorgefertigte Zigarettenhülse handelsüblicher Art bzw. in eine aus einem Selbstdreher-Zigarettenpapierblättchen geklebte Zigarettenhülse überführbar ist.To remedy the deficiencies mentioned, a tobacco product for self-manufacturing of cigarettes by the consumer is proposed in EP-A-123 150, which is characterized by a non-smokable prefabricated product in the form of a prefabricated tobacco cartridge consisting of an open-ended, diameter-based cartridge the cigarette paper tube adapted to the finished cigarette and a strand-like tobacco filling, each corresponding to a cigarette portion, which can be transferred from the extrusion tube into an empty cigarette paper tube by means of an associated piston which is adapted to the inside diameter of the extrusion tube. This tobacco product is suitable for use in connection with conventional self-filling cigarette tubes as well as in connection with conventional self-rolling papers. According to the basic idea of this proposal, the consumer is provided with a precisely metered quantity of tobacco in the form of a cigarette tobacco cartridge, which corresponds to the filling quantity of a conventional, industrial consumer cigarette, the tobacco filling of which in a simple manner in a prefabricated cigarette tube of a commercially available type or in a self-rolling device - Rolled cigarette paper cigarette sleeve is transferable.

Obwohl es sich bei dem letztgenannten Vorschlag um eine ganz erhebliche Verbesserung gegenüber dem eingangs genannten Stand der Technik handelt, ist nicht zu übersehen, daß die Tabakpatrone eine Umhüllung, nämlich Stranghülle, aus nichtrauchbarem Material aufweist. Die Stranghülle stellt hinsichtlich des Endproduktes "Zigarette" ein überflüssiges, nur einmal brauchbares Hilfsmittel dar. Ferner sind bei dem letztgenannten Vorschlag noch weitere Hilfsmittel zur Überführung des vorportionierten Tabakvorrats aus der Stranghülle in die Zigarettenpapierhülse erforderlich, nämlich ein freihändig handhabbarer, loser Tabaküberführungsstab. Die Handhabung desselben ohne weitere Hilfsmittel zum Einführen der gefüllten Tabakpatrone in die leere Zigarettenpapierhülse und Festhalten der Stranghülle der Tabakpatrone beim Überführen des Tabakvorrats dürfte selbst für geübte Zigaretten-Eigenhersteller größte Schwierigkeiten bereiten. Zur Linderung dieser Handhabungsschwierigkeiten sind in der DE-B-33 43 402 sowie in der EP-A-84 111 150.3 diverse Hilfsmittel bzw. Gerätschaften für die Überführung des Tabaks aus der Stranghülle in eine Zigarettenpapierhülse vorgeschlagen. Letztlich ist man jedoch auch bei diesem System zur Selbstverfertigung einer Zigarette auf zusätzliche Hilfsmittel angewiesen.Although the latter proposal is a very considerable improvement over the prior art mentioned at the outset, it cannot be overlooked that the tobacco cartridge has a casing, namely a casing, made of non-smoking material. With regard to the end product "cigarette", the strand casing represents a superfluous auxiliary device which can only be used once. Furthermore, with the latter proposal, further aids are required for transferring the pre-portioned tobacco supply from the strand casing into the cigarette paper tube, namely a free-to-use, loose tobacco transfer rod. The handling of the same without further aids for inserting the filled tobacco cartridge into the empty cigarette paper tube and holding the string envelope of the tobacco cartridge when transferring the tobacco supply should pose great difficulties even for experienced in-house cigarette manufacturers. To alleviate these handling difficulties, DE-B-33 43 402 and EP-A-84 111 150.3 propose various aids or devices for transferring the tobacco from the strand casing into a cigarette paper casing. Ultimately, however, this system is also dependent on additional aids for self-manufacturing a cigarette.

Durch die EP-A-155 514, die auf die Anmelderin zurückgeht, ist erstmals ein Tabakerzeugnis vorgeschlagen worden, das eine Selbstverfertigung von Zigaretten ohne Hilfsmittel, wie Tabaküberführungsstab oder dgl., ermöglicht und bei dem auch keine wegzuwerfende Stranghülle mehr anfüllt. Dieses Tabakerzeugnis besteht aus einer der Tabakfüllung einer fertigen Zigarette angepaßten und formstabilen Tabakportion, deren Mantelfläche aus einer Umhüllung aus vollständig rauchbarem Material gebildet ist, wobei die Mantelfläche so luftdurchlässig ist, daß die Tabakportion als solche nicht rauchbar ist und erst nach dichter Umhüllung ihrer Mantelfläche mit Zigarettenpapier oder dgl. rauchbar wird. Ein gleichermaßen ausgebildetes Tabakerzeugnis wird durch die EP-A-178 605 vorgeschlagen, wobei nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Durchmesser der Tabakportion geringfügig kleiner ist als der Innendurchmesser der Zigarettenpapierhülse der fertigen Zigarette, um die Einführung der Tabakportion in die vorgefertigte Zigarettenpapierhülse zu erleichtern. Um jedoch zum Rauchen eine dichte Anlage der Tabakportion am Zigarettenpapier zu erhalten, muß der Durchmesser der Tabakportion durch nachträgliche mechanische Manipulation der Tabakportion durch den Benutzer vergrößert werden. Konkret wird vorgeschlagen, die Umhüllung der Tabakportion nach dem Einschieben in die Zigarettenpapierhülse manuell aufzubrechen, wobei zu diesem Zweck die Umhüllung der Tabakportion bzw. die Stranghülle derselben vorzugsweise mit einer Perforation versehen sein soll, die sich über die axiale Länge der Tabakportion längs einer Schraub- bzw. Wendellinie erstreckt und die - in Verbindung mit der Dünne des Stranghüllenmaterials - die gewünschte Durchmesservariierbarkeit durch entsprechende Verbindung der Tabakportion entgegen dem Drehsinn der Perforations-Wendellinie ermöglicht. Diese Art der Stranghüllen-Perforation soll auch eine Verringerung des Durchmessers der Tabakportion ermöglichen, indem man diese im Drehsinn der Perforations-Wendellinie verwindet. Diese Art der Durchmesservariierbarkeit erfordert jedoch eine entsprechende vorherige Anweisung des Benutzers sowie eine nicht unerhebliche Geschicklichkeit desselben; denn für das beschriebene Verwinden der Tabakportion ist es erforderlich, daß diese sich mit ihrem eine Ende noch außerhalb der Zigarettenpapierhülse befindet, so daß sie zwischen Daumen und Zeigefinger festgehalten und gegenüber dem anderen, sich bereits in der Zigarettenpapierhülse befindlichen Ende verwunden werden kann, wobei selbstverständlich das sich in der Zigarettenpapierhülse bereits befindliche Ende der Tabakportion ebenfalls zwischen Daumen und Zeigefinger der anderen Hand des Benutzers festgehalten werden muß, und zwar unter gleichzeitigem Festhalten bzw. Klemmen der Zigarettenpapierhülse. Die Entstehung von sichtbaren Druckstellen an der Zigarettenpapierhülse läßt sich dabei nicht vermeiden. Bei ungeschickter Handhabung besteht die Gefahr, daß die Zigarettenpapierhülse aufbricht und damit die Zigarette insgesamt unrauchbar wird. Auch ist es denkbar, daß das aus der Zigarettenpapierhülse noch herausstehende Ende der Tabakportion unter radialer Expansion so aufgebrochen wird, daß sie sich nicht mehr vollständig in die Zigarettenpapierhülse ohne Zerstörung derselben am besonders fragilen Einführende einschieben läßt. Die in der EP-A-178 605 noch vorgeschlagene Durchmesserreduzierung unter Verwindung der Tabakportion erscheint hinsichtlich ihrer Ausführbarkeit bedenklich, da dies die Aufrechterhaltung der gewünschten Verformung der Tabakportion zum Zwecke des Einführens in eine vorgefertigte Zigarettenpapierhülse zur Notwendigkeit macht. Diese Forderung wiederspricht der dann nachträglich gewünschten radialen Expansion der Tabakportion durch entgegengesetzte Manipulation derselben durch den Benutzer.EP-A-155 514, which goes back to the applicant, has for the first time proposed a tobacco product which enables cigarettes to be self-made without auxiliary means, such as a tobacco transfer rod or the like, and in which there is no longer any disposable strand casing. This tobacco product consists of a tobacco filling of a finished cigarette that is dimensionally stable and has a tobacco portion, the outer surface of which is formed from a covering made of completely smokable material, the outer surface being so permeable to air that the tobacco portion as such is not smokable and only after its outer surface has been tightly wrapped Cigarette paper or the like. Is smokable. An equally designed tobacco product is proposed by EP-A-178 605, wherein according to a preferred embodiment the diameter of the tobacco portion is slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the cigarette paper tube of the finished cigarette in order to facilitate the introduction of the tobacco portion into the prefabricated cigarette paper tube. However, in order to maintain a tight fit of the tobacco portion on the cigarette paper for smoking, the diameter of the tobacco portion must be increased by subsequent mechanical manipulation of the tobacco portion by the user. Specifically, it is proposed to manually break up the wrapping of the tobacco portion after it has been inserted into the cigarette paper tube, for which purpose the wrapping of the tobacco portion or the strand casing thereof should preferably be provided with a perforation which extends along the screw length over the axial length of the tobacco portion. or spiral line and which - in conjunction with the thinness of the extruded casing material - enables the desired diameter variability by correspondingly connecting the tobacco portion against the direction of rotation of the perforated spiral line. This type of strand envelope perforation is also intended to reduce the Enable the diameter of the tobacco portion by twisting it in the direction of rotation of the perforation spiral line. However, this type of diameter variability requires corresponding prior instruction from the user and a not inconsiderable level of skill; because for the described twisting of the tobacco portion it is necessary that one end of it is still outside the cigarette paper tube, so that it can be held between the thumb and index finger and twisted relative to the other end that is already in the cigarette paper tube, although of course the end of the tobacco portion already in the cigarette paper tube must also be held between the thumb and forefinger of the other hand of the user, while holding or clamping the cigarette paper tube at the same time. The emergence of visible pressure points on the cigarette paper tube cannot be avoided. If handled improperly, there is a risk that the cigarette paper tube will break open and the cigarette as a whole will become unusable. It is also conceivable that the end of the tobacco portion still protruding from the cigarette paper tube is broken open with radial expansion in such a way that it can no longer be inserted completely into the cigarette paper tube without destroying it at the particularly fragile introducer. The diameter reduction using the tobacco portion, which is still proposed in EP-A-178 605, appears questionable in terms of its feasibility, since this makes it necessary to maintain the desired deformation of the tobacco portion for the purpose of insertion into a prefabricated cigarette paper tube. This requirement contradicts the radial expansion of the tobacco portion that is subsequently desired by the manipulation of the same by the user.

Insgesamt stellt sich die in der EP-A-178 605 vorgeschlagene Durchmesservariierbarkeit der Tabakportion durch mechanische Manipulation derselben durch den Benutzer als äußerst diffizil und nicht ohne weiteres ausführbar dar; auf jeden Fall wird eine nicht unerhebliche Geschicklichkeit des Benutzers gefordert.Overall, the diameter variability of the tobacco portion proposed by EP-A-178 605 through mechanical manipulation of the portion by the user proves to be extremely difficult and cannot be carried out easily; in any case, a not inconsiderable skill of the user is required.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Tabakerzeugnis der hier fraglichen Art zu schaffen, das sich aufgrund eines gegenüber der Zigarettenpapier-Umhüllung kleineren Durchmessers der Tabakportion sehr leicht innerhalb der Umhüllung aus Zigarettenpapier oder dgl. rauch- und zugfähigem Material plazieren läßt, wobei die für das Rauchen des Endproduktes "Zigarette" erforderliche dichte Anlage des Tabaks an der Umhüllung aus Zigarettenpapier oder dgl. ohne nachträgliche Manipulation der Tabakportion und/oder der Umhüllung aus Zigarettenpapier oder dgl. durch den Benutzer erreicht wird.The present invention has for its object to provide a tobacco product of the type in question here, which can be placed very easily within the wrapper made of cigarette paper or the like. Smokable and tractive material due to a smaller diameter of the tobacco portion compared to the wrapping of cigarette paper for the smoking of the end product "cigarette" the dense contact of the tobacco on the wrapper made of cigarette paper or the like is achieved without subsequent manipulation of the tobacco portion and / or the wrapper made of cigarette paper or the like by the user.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Maßnahmen des Patentanspruches 1 in überraschend einfacher Weise gelöst.This object is achieved in a surprisingly simple manner by the characterizing measures of claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung des Tabakerzeugnisses zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß der Benutzer in keiner Weise mehr gefordert wird. Es ist keine gesonderte Anleitung des Benutzers zur Eigenherstellung einer Zigarette erforderlich mit Ausnahme der Tatsache, das Tabakerzeugnis innerhalb einer Umhüllung aus Zigarettenpapier oder dgl. Material zu plazieren. Die dichte Anlage des Tabaks an der Umhüllung aus Zigarettenpapier oder dgl. erfolgt erfindungsgemäße selbsttätig. Eine nachträgliche mechanische Einwirkung auf das Tabakerzeugnis durch den Benutzer, wie sie in der EP-A-178 605 vorgeschlagen ist, ist nicht mehr erforderlich.The design of the tobacco product according to the invention is characterized in that the user is no longer required in any way. No separate instructions from the user for making a cigarette are required, with the exception of the fact that the tobacco product is placed within a wrapper made of cigarette paper or similar material. The tight contact of the tobacco on the wrapping made of cigarette paper or the like is done automatically according to the invention. A subsequent mechanical action on the tobacco product by the user, as proposed in EP-A-178 605, is no longer required.

Vorteilhafte Details bzw. Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Grundgedankens sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 9 beschrieben. Anspruch 10 betrifft das Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zigarette unter Verwendung erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeter Tabakerzeugnisse.Advantageous details and embodiments of the basic idea of the invention are described in claims 2 to 9. Claim 10 relates to the method for producing a cigarette using tobacco products designed according to the invention.

Nachstehend werden Ausführungsbeispiele erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeter Tabakerzeugnisse anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
in auseinandergezogener perspektivischer Darstellung ein System zur Selbstverfertigung einer Zigarette gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung zur Verwendung in Verbindung mit vorgefertigten Zigarettenpapierhülsen der herkömmlichen, von Selbststopfern verwendeten Art;
Fig. 2
einen Querschnitt durch eine Tabakportion nach Fig. 1 in vergrößertem Maßstab;
Fig. 3
einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch eine Zigarette, die unter Verwendung eines erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Tabakerzeugnisses hergestellt ist und unter Darstellung der selbsttätigen Anpassung des Durchmessers der in die Zigarettenpapierhülse eingesetzten Tabakportion an den Innendurchmesser der Zigarettenpapierhülse im Bereich der Glutzone;
Fig. 4
in auseinandergezogener perspektivischer Darstellung ein System zur Selbstverfertigung einer Zigarette gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung zur Verwendung in Verbindung mit vorgefertigten Zigarettenpapierhülsen der herkömmlichen, von Selbststopfern verwendeten Art;
Fig. 5
einen Querschnitt durch eine Tabakportion nach Fig. 4 in vergrößertem Maßstab;
Fig. 6
einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Tabakportion in vergrößertem Maßstab;
Fig. 7
einen Querschnitt durch eine noch weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäß vorbereiteten Tabakportion in vergrößertem Maßstab; und
Fig. 8
die Tabakportion nach Fig. 7 in perspektivischer Darstellung und unter Darstellung der Entfernung einer äußeren Verpackung, die die Tabakportion in radialer Richtung komprimiert hält.
Exemplary embodiments of tobacco products designed according to the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the attached drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
an exploded perspective view of a system for self-manufacturing a cigarette according to a preferred embodiment of the invention for use in connection with prefabricated cigarette paper tubes of the conventional type used by self-tamper;
Fig. 2
a cross section through a tobacco portion of Figure 1 on an enlarged scale.
Fig. 3
a schematic longitudinal section through a cigarette, which is produced using a tobacco product designed according to the invention and showing the automatic adjustment of the diameter of the tobacco portion inserted into the cigarette paper tube to the inside diameter of the cigarette paper tube in the area of the glowing zone;
Fig. 4
an exploded perspective view of a system for self-manufacturing a cigarette according to another embodiment of the invention for use in connection with prefabricated cigarette paper tubes of the conventional type used by self-tamper;
Fig. 5
a cross section through a portion of tobacco according to Figure 4 on an enlarged scale.
Fig. 6
a cross section through a further embodiment of a tobacco portion on an enlarged scale;
Fig. 7
a cross section through a still further embodiment of a tobacco portion prepared according to the invention on an enlarged scale; and
Fig. 8
7 in a perspective view and showing the removal of an outer packaging that keeps the tobacco portion compressed in the radial direction.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine industriell vorgefertigte formstabile Tabakportion 10 in Zuordnung zu einer ebenfalls industriell vorgefertigten Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 mit Filter 12 der von Selbststopfern verwendeten herkömmlichen Art. Das wesentliche Element des dargestellten Systems ist die formstabile Tabakportion, die außerhalb der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 nicht rauchbar ist, jedoch im übrigen vollständig aus rauchbarem Material besteht. Bei der beispielhaft dargestellten Ausführungsform nach den Fig. 1 und 2 besteht die Tabakportion 10 aus einer Stranghülle 13 aus dünnem Tabak-Folienmaterial oder tabakartig gefärbtem Zigarettenpapier, das mit Perforationen 14 versehen ist. Die Perforationen 14 erstrecken sich entsprechend Fig. 1 über die gesamte Länge der Tabakportion 10. Vorzugsweise sind die Perforationen 14 über die Länge und den Umfang der Tabakportion 10 etwa gleichmäßig verteilt angeordnet. Statt Perforationen kann auch ein poröses Hüllmaterial als Stranghülle 13 verwendet werden. Die Stranghülle 13 enthält eine herstellerseitig eingebrachte strangartige Tabakfüllung 15. Die Tabakfüllung 15 in der Stranghülle 13 ist etwa so dicht, vorzugsweise in radialer Richtung geringfügig dichter, gepackt wie in einer industriell gefertigten Zigarette. Die Tabakportion 10 weist eine Länge auf, die etwa der Länge des Tabakaufnahmeraums 16 einer handelsüblichen Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 entspricht. Der äußere Durchmesser der Tabakportion ist geringfügig kleiner als der Innendurchmesser der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11, so daß sie problemlos in die Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 eingeführt bzw. eingeschoben werden kann. Dabei ist der Durchmesser der Tabakportion 10 so bemessen, daß die Tabakportion 10 auch in eine hinsichtlich des Durchmessers mit Untermaß hergestellte Zigarettenpapierhülse mit Spiel, d. h. problemlos, einführbar ist. Die auf dem Markt befindlichen Zigarettenpapierhülsen weisen hinsichtlich des Durchmessers Toleranzen in der Größenordnung von ± 1/10 - 2/10 mm auf; dementsprechend ist die Tabakportion 10 hinsichtlich ihres Durchmessers so gestaltet, daß sie problemlos ohne Hilfsmittel in eine Zigarettenpapierhülse einführbar ist, die hinsichtlich des Durchmessers die maximale Minustoleranz aufweist. Unabhängig davon entspricht die Tabakfüllung 15 jeder Tabakportion 10 mengenmäßig der für die fertige Zigaretten gewünschten dichten Packung der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11, und zwar -wie dargelegt - entsprechend einer normalen fabrikatorisch hergestellten Zigarette. Der Querschnitt der Tabakportion 10 ist vorzugsweise über die gesamte Länge etwa kreisrund ausgebildet in Anpassung an den freien Querschnitt der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11.1 shows an industrially prefabricated dimensionally stable tobacco portion 10 in association with a likewise industrially prefabricated cigarette paper tube 11 with filter 12 of the conventional type used by self-tamper. The essential element of the system shown is the dimensionally stable tobacco portion, which is not smokable outside of the cigarette paper tube 11, however otherwise consists entirely of smokable material. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the tobacco portion 10 consists of a strand casing 13 made of thin tobacco film material or tobacco-colored cigarette paper, which is provided with perforations 14. The perforations 14 extend according to FIG. 1 over the entire length of the tobacco portion 10. The perforations 14 are preferably arranged approximately uniformly distributed over the length and the circumference of the tobacco portion 10. Instead of perforations, a porous covering material can also be used as the strand covering 13. The strand casing 13 contains a strand-like tobacco filling 15 introduced by the manufacturer Tobacco filling 15 in the casing 13 is approximately as dense, preferably slightly more dense in the radial direction, packed than in an industrially manufactured cigarette. The tobacco portion 10 has a length which corresponds approximately to the length of the tobacco receiving space 16 of a commercially available cigarette paper tube 11. The outer diameter of the tobacco portion is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the cigarette paper tube 11, so that it can be easily inserted or inserted into the cigarette paper tube 11. The diameter of the tobacco portion 10 is dimensioned such that the tobacco portion 10 can also be inserted into a cigarette paper tube, which is undersized in terms of diameter, with play, ie without problems. The diameter of the cigarette paper tubes on the market is in the order of ± 1/10 - 2/10 mm; Accordingly, the tobacco portion 10 is designed in terms of its diameter so that it can be inserted without any problem into a cigarette paper tube, which has the maximum minus tolerance in terms of diameter. Irrespective of this, the tobacco filling 15 of each tobacco portion 10 corresponds in terms of quantity to the tight packing of the cigarette paper tube 11 desired for the finished cigarettes, and that - as explained - in accordance with a normal cigarette manufactured by the manufacturer. The cross section of the tobacco portion 10 is preferably approximately circular over the entire length to match the free cross section of the cigarette paper tube 11.

Damit eine dichte bzw. satte Anlage der Tabakportion 10 bzw. Tabakfüllung 15 an der Innenseite der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 gewährleistet ist, ist bei der beschriebenen Tabakportion vorgesehen, daß sich beim Gebrauch ihr Durchmesser unter radialer Expansion und dementsprechend dichter Anlage am Zigarettenpapier selbsttätig vergrößert, und zwar zumindest im Bereich der Glutzone 17 und mit dieser beim Abrauchen der hergestellten Zigarette fortschreitend. Dafür gibt es mehrere Möglichkeiten:So that a tight or full contact of the tobacco portion 10 or tobacco filling 15 on the inside of the cigarette paper tube 11 is ensured, it is provided in the described tobacco portion that its diameter becomes radially expanding and accordingly denser when in use System on the cigarette paper automatically enlarged, at least in the area of the glowing zone 17 and progressing with this as the cigarette produced smokes. There are several possibilities for that:

Eine Möglichkeit besteht darin, daß bei Ausbildung der Umhüllung der Tabakfüllung 15 als Längs einer Verbindungsnaht 18 miteinander verklebte Stranghülle die Nahtklebung 19 mittels eines thermoplastischen und lebensmitteltechnisch unbedenklichen Klebers erfolgt, der sich zumindest im Bereich der relativ heißen Glutzone 17 und beim Abrauchen der Zigaretten mit dieser fortschreitend unter Öffnung der Verbindungsnaht 18 löst, so daß die Tabakportion 10 bzw. deren Tabakfüllung 15 sich unter dichter Anlage am Zigarettenpapier radial nach außen ausdehnen kann. Die Zigarette wird demnach beim Gebrauch, d. h. beim Anzünden bzw. mit dem ersten Zug, rauchbar, ohne daß der Benutzer in irgendeiner Weise (mechanisch) auf die Zigarettenportion 10 einwirken muß. In Fig. 3 ist die Öffnung der Verbindungsnaht 18 im Bereich der Glutzone 17 schematisch dargestellt. Selbstverständlich ist es auch denkbar, daß sich beim Gebrauch, z. B. mit dem ersten Zug, die Längsnaht 18 in voller Länge öffnet. Dies hängt nicht zuletzt von der Konsistenz des verwendeten Klebers ab.One possibility is that when the wrapping of the tobacco filling 15 is formed as a strand casing which is glued to one another along a connecting seam 18, the seam gluing 19 is carried out by means of a thermoplastic and food-safe adhesive which is at least in the area of the relatively hot glowing zone 17 and when the cigarettes are smoked with it progressively loosens with the opening of the connecting seam 18, so that the tobacco portion 10 or its tobacco filling 15 can expand radially outwards under close contact with the cigarette paper. The cigarette is therefore in use, i.e. H. when lit or with the first train, smokable without the user having to act (mechanically) on the portion 10 of cigarettes in any way. The opening of the connecting seam 18 in the area of the glowing zone 17 is shown schematically in FIG. 3. Of course, it is also conceivable that in use, for. B. with the first train, the longitudinal seam 18 opens in full length. This depends not least on the consistency of the adhesive used.

Die beschriebene Ausführungsform ist herstellungstechnisch denkbar einfach. Die Tabakportionen 10 können auf einer herkömmlichen Zigarettenherstellungsmaschine hergestellt werden. Es muß lediglich der vorgenannte Kleber verwendet werden, um den angestrebten Effekt der radialen Expansion beim Gebrauch der Zigarette zu erzielen.The embodiment described is very simple in terms of manufacturing technology. The tobacco portions 10 can be made on a conventional cigarette making machine. It is only necessary to use the aforementioned adhesive in order to achieve the desired effect of radial expansion when using the cigarette.

Die Auflösung der Nahtklebung 19 kann auch durch die beim Abrauchen frei werdende Feuchtigkeit erfolgen, die der Tabakfüllung 15 innewohnt.The resolution of the seam adhesive 19 can also by the Smoking released moisture take place, which is inherent in the tobacco filling 15.

Es soll also aufgrund der Einwirkung von Wärme oder Feuchtigkeit die radiale "Vorspannung" der Tabakportion 10 aufgehoben werden, so daß sich die Tabakportion 10 bzw. deren Tabakfüllung 15 dicht an die Innenfläche der Umhüllung aus Zigarettenpapier anlegt.The radial "preload" of the tobacco portion 10 should therefore be released due to the action of heat or moisture, so that the tobacco portion 10 or its tobacco filling 15 lies tightly against the inner surface of the wrapping made of cigarette paper.

Eine andere Möglichkeit, die gewünschte Durchmesservergrößerung der Tabakportion beim Gebrauch zu erzielen, besteht in der Anordnung einer Sollbruchstelle, vorzugsweise Sollbruchlinie, die sich über die gesamte Länge der Tabakportion 10 erstreckt und die durch beim Gebrauch der fertiggestellten Zigarette freiwerdende Feuchtigkeit oder die beim Gebrauch der fertiggestellten Zigarette entstehende Wärme aufbricht. Die Sollbruchlinie ist vorzugsweise durch eine Materialschwächung der Stranghülle 13 gekennzeichnet. Sie kann auch durch eine besonders intensive Perforation gebildet sein, d. h. dichte Anordnung von Perforationsöffnungen längs einer vorgegebenen Linie.Another way of achieving the desired increase in the diameter of the tobacco portion during use is to arrange a predetermined breaking point, preferably a predetermined breaking line, which extends over the entire length of the tobacco portion 10 and which is released by the moisture released when the finished cigarette is used or when the finished cigarette is used The resulting cigarette breaks open. The predetermined breaking line is preferably characterized by a weakening of the material of the strand casing 13. It can also be formed by a particularly intensive perforation, i. H. dense arrangement of perforation openings along a predetermined line.

Bei Verwendung einer Tabakportion, die durch ein rauchbares Fixativ zusammengehalten ist unter Ausbildung eines formstabilen Tabakstocks, wird zur Erzielung der selbsttätigen Durchmesservergrößerung beim Gebrauch vorzugsweise ein Fixativ gewählt, das unter Einwirkung von Wärme und/oder frei werdender Feuchtigkeit eine radiale Expansion des Tabakstocks bewirkt, so daß sich der Tabak dicht am Zigarettenpapier anlegt. Die Expansion des Tabakstocks kann auch hier im Bereich der Glutzone und beim Abrauch der Zigarette mit dieser fortschreitend erfolgen. Vorzugsweise ist der Tabakstock radial komprimiert, wobei er in diesem komprimierten Zustand durch das Fixativ gehalten ist. Unter Einwirkung von Wärme und/oder frei werdender Feuchtigkeit beim Anzünden der Zigaretten oder ersten Zug soll das Fixativ nicht mehr in der Lage sein, den Tabakstock in radialer Richtung zusammenzuhalten, so daß die aufgeprägte radiale Kompression bzw. Vorspannung aufgelöst wird.When using a tobacco portion which is held together by a smokable fixative to form a dimensionally stable tobacco stick, a fixative is preferably chosen to achieve the automatic increase in diameter during use, which causes radial expansion of the tobacco stick under the action of heat and / or released moisture that the tobacco lies close to the cigarette paper. The expansion of the tobacco stick can also progressively take place in the area of the ember zone and when the cigarette is smoked with it. The tobacco rod is preferably radially compressed, it being held in this compressed state by the fixative. Under the influence of heat and / or released The fixative should no longer be able to hold the tobacco rod together in the radial direction due to moisture when the cigarettes are lit or the first pull, so that the impressed radial compression or preload is released.

Nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die Mantelfläche der Tabakportion 10 bzw. Stranghülle 13 und/oder die Innenfläche der Umhüllung 11 aus Zigarettenpapier fellartig ausgebildet, wobei bei dem in den Fig. 4 und 5 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel die fellartigen Strukturen 20 der Tabakportion 10 und 21 der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 so gerichtet sind, daß sie einerseits das Einschieben der Tabakportion 10 in die vorgefertigte Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 nicht behindern, andererseits die Tabakportion 10 sicher im Tabakaufnahmeraum 16 der Zigarettenpapierhülse 10 halten. Die fellartige Struktur 21 an der Innenfläche der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 ist also zum Filterstück 12 hin gerichtet, während die Richtung der fellartigen Struktur 20 an der Mantelfläche der Tabakportion 10 beim Einschieben derselben in den Tabakaufnahmeraum 16 der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 (s. Pfeil P) gerade entgegengesetzt ist. Die fellartige Struktur 20 und/oder 21 bewirkt eine ausreichende Ausfüllung möglicher Spalte zwischen Tabakportion 10 einerseits und Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 andererseits derart, daß die selbstverfertigte Zigarette problemlos rauchbar ist ohne unregellmäßigen Abbrand der Zigarettenpapierhülse. Der Zug erfolgt über den gesamten Querschnitt der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 etwa gleichmäßig. Gleichzeitig ist ein sicherer Halt der Tabakportion 10 innerhalb der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 auch dann gewährleistet, wenn der Durchmesser der Zigarettenpapierhülse eine maximale Plus-Toleranz aufweist.According to a further embodiment, the outer surface of the tobacco portion 10 or strand casing 13 and / or the inner surface of the wrapper 11 is made of cigarette paper, whereby in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 the fur-like structures 20 of the tobacco portion 10 and 21 of the cigarette paper sleeve 11 are directed so that on the one hand they do not impede the insertion of the tobacco portion 10 into the prefabricated cigarette paper tube 11, and on the other hand they hold the tobacco portion 10 securely in the tobacco receiving space 16 of the cigarette paper tube 10. The fur-like structure 21 on the inner surface of the cigarette paper tube 11 is thus directed towards the filter piece 12, while the direction of the fur-like structure 20 on the outer surface of the tobacco portion 10 is exactly opposite when the same is inserted into the tobacco receiving space 16 of the cigarette paper tube 11 (see arrow P) . The fur-like structure 20 and / or 21 causes a sufficient filling of possible gaps between tobacco portion 10 on the one hand and cigarette paper tube 11 on the other hand such that the self-made cigarette can be smoked without any problems without irregular burning of the cigarette paper tube. The train is approximately uniform over the entire cross section of the cigarette paper tube 11. At the same time, a secure hold of the tobacco portion 10 within the cigarette paper tube 11 is ensured even if the diameter of the cigarette paper tube has a maximum plus tolerance.

Um dem Benutzer zu ersparen, darauf zu achten, daß die fellartige Struktur 20 an der Mantelfläche der Tabakportion 10 beim Einschieben in den Tabakaufnahmeraum 16 der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 wie oben beschrieben gerichtet ist, ist die Richtung der fellartigen Struktur 20 bzw. der Oberflächenfasern oder -härchen etwa senkrecht zur Mantelfläche. Dann läßt sich die Tabakportion 10 immer noch problemlos in den Tabakaufnahmeraum 16 der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 einführen unter Ausfüllung möglicher Spalte, insbesondere Ringspalte, zwischen Tabakportion 10 einerseits und Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 andererseits. Gleichzeitig wird ein ausreichend sicherer Halt der Tabakportion 10 im Tabakaufnahmeraum 16 der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 gewährleistet, und zwar auch dann, wenn an der Innenfläche der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 keine fellartige Struktur 21 vorgesehen ist. Die die fellartige Struktur 20 bzw. 21 bildenden härchenartigen Fasern besitzen eine Länge von etwa 0,1 bis etwa 0,3 mm. Damit können die eingangs genannten Plus-/Minus-Toleranzen beim Durchmesser herkömmlicher Zigarettenpapierhülsen 11 problemlos ausgeglichen werden. Die zuletzt beschriebene Ausbildung von Tabakportion 10 und/oder Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 kann auch mit vorbeschriebenen und noch weiter unten dargelegten Maßnahmen einer Durchmesservergrößerung der Tabakportion kombiniert werden. Des weiteren kann es auch genügen, lediglich die Innenfläche der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 mit einer fellartigen Struktur 21 der beschriebenen Art zu versehen. Durch die fellartigen Strukturen 20 bzw. 21 vermitteln die entsprechenden Oberflächen einen samtartigen Eindruck. Die fellartige Struktur 20 bzwl. 21 kann auch nachträglich auf die entsprechende Oberfläche aufgebracht, insbesondere aufgespritzt, werden. Durch die fellartigen Strukturen 20 bzw. 21 wird also eine Art vollständige Ausfüllung des Tabakaufnahmeraumes 16 einer Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 erreicht, und zwar auch dann, wenn der Durchmesser der Tabakportion 10 merklich kleiner ist als der Innendurchmesser der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11.In order to spare the user from having to make sure that the fur-like structure 20 on the lateral surface of the tobacco portion 10 when inserted into the tobacco receiving space 16 the cigarette paper tube 11 is directed as described above, the direction of the fur-like structure 20 or the surface fibers or hairs is approximately perpendicular to the outer surface. Then the tobacco portion 10 can still be easily inserted into the tobacco receiving space 16 of the cigarette paper tube 11, filling in any gaps, in particular annular gaps, between tobacco portion 10 on the one hand and cigarette paper tube 11 on the other. At the same time, a sufficiently secure hold of the tobacco portion 10 in the tobacco receiving space 16 of the cigarette paper tube 11 is ensured, even if no fur-like structure 21 is provided on the inner surface of the cigarette paper tube 11. The hair-like fibers forming the fur-like structure 20 or 21 have a length of about 0.1 to about 0.3 mm. The above-mentioned plus / minus tolerances in the diameter of conventional cigarette paper tubes 11 can thus be easily compensated for. The last-described design of tobacco portion 10 and / or cigarette paper tube 11 can also be combined with the above-described measures for increasing the diameter of the tobacco portion, which will be explained further below. Furthermore, it may also suffice to provide only the inner surface of the cigarette paper tube 11 with a fur-like structure 21 of the type described. The fur-like structures 20 and 21 give the corresponding surfaces a velvety impression. The fur-like structure 20 or. 21 can also be applied subsequently to the corresponding surface, in particular sprayed on. A kind of complete filling of the tobacco receiving space 16 of a cigarette paper tube 11 is thus achieved by the fur-like structures 20 and 21, even if the diameter of the tobacco portion 10 is noticeably smaller than the inside diameter of the cigarette paper tube 11.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 6 ist die Stranghülle 13 der Tabakportion 10 mit einer elastisch nachgiebigen Beschichtung 22 aus rauchbarem Material versehen, die selbstverständlich dieselbe Perforation wie die Stranghülle 13 aufweist. Diese elastisch nachgiebige Beschichtung erlaubt ähnlich wie die vorbeschriebenen fellartigen Strukturen 20, 21 eine vollständige Ausfüllung des Tabakaufnahmeraumes 16 der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 auch bei merklichen Durchmessertoleranzen vom Tabakerzeugnis 10 einerseits und Zigarettenpapiers 11 andererseits. In Weiterbildung dieser Ausführungsform ist es auch denkbar, die Stranghülle 13 insgesamt aus einem elastisch nachgiebigem Material herzustellen, wobei vor Gebrauch die elastisch nachgiebige Beschichtung 22 bzw. aus elastisch nachgiebigem Material hergestellte Stranghülle 13 durch eine äußere Verpackung, insbesondere Umhüllung aus Cellophan oder dgl. Material, radial komprimiert ist. Diese radial wirksame Kompression wird nach Entfernung der äußeren Verpackung frei, vorzugsweise mit zeitlicher Verzögerung, so daß sich die Tabakportion 10 nach Einführen in den Tabakaufnahmeraum 16 der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 unter radialer Expansion der Beschichtung 22 bzw. aus elastisch nachgiebigem Material hergestellten Stranghülle 13 dicht an die Innenfläche der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 anlegt.In the embodiment according to FIG. 6, the casing 13 of the tobacco portion 10 is provided with an elastically flexible coating 22 made of smokable material, which of course has the same perforation as the casing 13. Similar to the previously described fur-like structures 20, 21, this elastically flexible coating allows the tobacco receiving space 16 of the cigarette paper tube 11 to be completely filled, even with noticeable diameter tolerances of the tobacco product 10 on the one hand and cigarette paper 11 on the other. In a further development of this embodiment, it is also conceivable to produce the strand casing 13 as a whole from an elastically flexible material, the elastically flexible coating 22 or strand casing 13 made from elastically flexible material being used by external packaging, in particular a casing made of cellophane or the like, before use , is radially compressed. This radially effective compression is released after removal of the outer packaging, preferably with a time delay, so that the tobacco portion 10 after insertion into the tobacco receiving space 16 of the cigarette paper tube 11 with the radial expansion of the coating 22 or from the resilient material made of casing 13 close to the Creates inner surface of the cigarette paper tube 11.

Die Figures 7 und 8 zeigen die Anbringen einer äußeren Verpackung in Form einer Umhüllung 23 aus Cellophan oder dgl., die die Tabakportion 10 radial komprimiert hält. Nach Entfernung der Umhüllung 23 (s. Pfeile 24 in Fig. 8) soll die Tabakportion 10 vorzugsweise mit geringer zeitlicher Verzögerung radial expandieren, so daß eine dichte Anlage innerhalb der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 gewährleistet ist, und zwar auch dann, wenn der Durchmesser der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 merklich größer ist als der Durchmesser der radial komprimierten Tabakportion 10.Figures 7 and 8 show the attachment of an outer packaging in the form of an envelope 23 made of cellophane or the like, which keeps the tobacco portion 10 radially compressed. After removal of the wrapping 23 (see arrows 24 in FIG. 8), the tobacco portion 10 should expand radially, preferably with a slight time delay, so that a tight fit within the cigarette paper tube 11 is ensured, even if the diameter of the cigarette paper tube 11 noticeably is larger than the diameter of the radially compressed tobacco portion 10.

Es ist auch denkbar, die radiale Kompression der Tabakportion 10 innerhalb einer schachtelartigen Verpackung sicherzustellen, ohne daß jede einzelne Tabakportion 10 gesondert umhüllt ist, so wie es in den Fig. 7 und 8 dargestellt ist. Dann braucht die Tabakportion 10 lediglich aus der schachtelartigen Verpackung herausgenommen und in den Tabakaufnahmeraum 16 einer Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 eingeführt zu werden. Bei entsprechend gewählter zeitlicher Verzögerung der radialen Expansion wird dann eine satte bzw. dichte Anlage der Tabakportion 10 an der Innenfläche der Zigarettenpapierhülse 11 erreicht.It is also conceivable to ensure the radial compression of the tobacco portion 10 within a box-like package without each individual tobacco portion 10 being wrapped separately, as is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. Then the tobacco portion 10 only needs to be removed from the box-like packaging and inserted into the tobacco receiving space 16 of a cigarette paper tube 11. With a correspondingly selected time delay for the radial expansion, a full or dense contact of the tobacco portion 10 on the inner surface of the cigarette paper tube 11 is then achieved.

Zur erleichterten Entfernung der Umhüllung 23 weist diese eine abstehende Grifflasche 25 auf, wie sie in Fig. 7 dargestellt ist.In order to facilitate removal of the envelope 23, the latter has a protruding grip tab 25, as shown in FIG. 7.

Das beschriebene Tabakerzeugnis ist auch zum Selbstverfertigen einer Zigarette unter Verwendung von Selbstdreher-Zigarettenpapier, insbesondere Zigarettenpapierblättchen, geeignet, indem das Zigarettenpapier bzw. Zigarettenpapierblättchen um die Tabakportion herumgewickelt und in an sich bekannter Weise längsnahtverklebt wird.The tobacco product described is also suitable for the self-production of a cigarette using self-rolling cigarette paper, in particular cigarette paper papers, in that the cigarette paper or cigarette paper papers are wrapped around the tobacco portion and glued longitudinally in a manner known per se.

Statt der oben beschriebenen fellstrukturierten Oberflächen von Tabakerzeugnis und Zigarettenpapierhülse (siehe Fig. 4 und 5) können die einander zugewandten Flächen auch schuppenartig strukturiert und/oder mit ringartigen, ineinandergreifenden Vorsprüngen versehen sein, derart, daß sich einerseits die Tabakportion 10 ungehindert in die Umhüllung aus Zigarettenpapier einschieben läßt, andererseits die Tabakportion 10 sicher innerhalb der Umhüllung aus Zigarettenpapier unter gleichzeitiger Abdichtung etwaiger Spalte oder Kanäle zwischen Tabakportion und Umhüllung gehalten ist.Instead of the fur-structured surfaces of tobacco product and cigarette paper tube described above (see FIGS. 4 and 5), the surfaces facing one another can also be structured in a scale-like manner and / or be provided with ring-like, interlocking projections, such that on the one hand the tobacco portion 10 extends freely into the wrapper Can insert cigarette paper, on the other hand, the tobacco portion 10 is held securely within the wrapping of cigarette paper while sealing any gaps or channels between the tobacco portion and wrapping.

Sämtliche in den Unterlagen offenbarten Merkmale werden als erfindungswesentliche beansprucht, soweit sie einzeln oder in Kombination gegenüber dem Stand der Technik neu sind.All features disclosed in the documents are claimed as essential to the invention, insofar as they are new compared to the prior art, individually or in combination.

Claims (10)

  1. Tobacco product for making one's own cigarette, especially a filter cigarette, consisting of a dimensionally stable and radially compressed tobacco portion (10) which is matched to the tobacco filling of a finished cigarette and is held together by an inner or outer fixing means consisting respectively of smokable material and which has an outer surface so permeable to air that the tobacco portion (10) is smokable only after the outer surface has been wrapped sealingly in cigarette paper or the like, the diameter of the tobacco portion (10) being smaller than the inside diameter of the wrapping of cigarette paper or the like, especially a prefabricated cigarette-paper tube (11), characterised in that the fixing means is so designed that its fixing capacity is lost in the region of the glow zone (17) during the smoking of the cigarette, so that the tobacco portion (10) automatically expands radially, specifically progressively with the glow zone (17) during the smoking of the cigarette, at the same time bearing sealingly against the wrapping of cigarette paper or the like.
  2. Tobacco product according to Claim 1, characterised in that the outer fixing means is a strand wrapper (13) made of smokable material, whilst smokable binders serve as an inner fixing means.
  3. Tobacco product according to Claim 2, characterised in that, when the fixing means is in the form of a strand wrapper (13), this is adhesively bonded along a connecting seam (18), the seam bond (19) being made by means of a thermoplastic adhesive which loosens progressively with the glow zone (17) during the smoking of the cigarette, at the same time with a corresponding opening of the connecting seam (18) and a corresponding radial expansion of the tobacco portion (10).
  4. Tobacco product according to Claim 2, characterised in that, when the fixing means is in the form of a strand wrapper (13), this has at least one predetermined breaking point (line) which extends at least over some of its length and which, starting from the glow zone (17), breaks open as a result of the heat released during the smoking of the cigarette, at the same time with a corresponding radial expansion of the tobacco portion (10).
  5. Tobacco product according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the fixing means consists of moisture-sensitive material, so that it loosens as a result of the moisture released during the smoking of the cigarette and inherent in the tobacco, at the same time with a corresponding radial expansion of the tobacco portion (10).
  6. Tobacco product according to Claim 4, characterised in that the predetermined breaking point (line) breaks open as a result of the moisture released during the smoking of the cigarette and inherent in the tobacco.
  7. Tobacco product according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the outer surface of the tobacco portion (10) and/or the inner face of the wrapping of cigarette paper or the like are made fleece-like, the fleece-like surface structure (20, 21) preferably being directed especially in such a way that, on the one hand, it does not impede the pushing of the tobacco portion (10) into a prefabricated cigarette-paper tube (11) and, on the other hand, it holds the tobacco portion (10) securely inside the cigarette-paper tube (11), with any gaps between this and the tobacco portion being filled at the same time.
  8. Tobacco product according to one or more of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the outer surface of the tobacco portion (10) is prepared with chemical additives, such as incandescent and quick-acting incendiary agents, in such a way that, while the cigarette is being smoked or while the tobacco portion (10) is burning, the latter expands at least in the region of the glow zone (17), specifically progressively with this, at the same time correspondingly bearing sealingly against the wrapping of cigarette paper or the like.
  9. Tobacco product according to one or more of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the wrapping of cigarette paper or the like is prepared in such a way that, while the cigarette is being smoked, it contracts radially at least in the region of the glow zone (17) and progressively with this, at the same time bearing sealingly against the outer surface of the tobacco portion (10).
  10. Process for the consumer to make his own cigarettes, especially filter cigarettes, by the use of a tobacco portion (10) matched to the tobacco filling of a finished cigarette, according to one or more of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the tobacco portion (10) is introduced directly into a prefabricated cigarette-paper tube (11).
EP87117499A 1986-12-22 1987-11-26 Tobacco product for producing a home-made cigarette, particularly a filter cigarette Expired - Lifetime EP0275414B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87117499T ATE65369T1 (en) 1986-12-22 1987-11-26 TOBACCO PRODUCT FOR THE SELF-PRODUCTION OF A CIGARETTE, IN PARTICULAR FILTER CIGARETTE.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3644047 1986-12-22
DE3644047 1986-12-22
DE3700420 1987-01-08
DE19873700420 DE3700420A1 (en) 1986-12-22 1987-01-08 TOBACCO PRODUCT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A CIGARETTE, IN PARTICULAR FILTER CIGARETTE

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90125197.5 Division-Into 1990-12-21

Publications (2)

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EP0275414A1 EP0275414A1 (en) 1988-07-27
EP0275414B1 true EP0275414B1 (en) 1991-07-24

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EP87117499A Expired - Lifetime EP0275414B1 (en) 1986-12-22 1987-11-26 Tobacco product for producing a home-made cigarette, particularly a filter cigarette
EP19900125197 Withdrawn EP0428189A3 (en) 1986-12-22 1987-11-26 Tabacco product for producing a home-made cigarette, particularly a filter cigarette

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19900125197 Withdrawn EP0428189A3 (en) 1986-12-22 1987-11-26 Tabacco product for producing a home-made cigarette, particularly a filter cigarette

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US (1) US4887617A (en)
EP (2) EP0275414B1 (en)
AR (1) AR240127A1 (en)
BR (1) BR8707002A (en)
CA (1) CA1300460C (en)
DE (3) DE3700420A1 (en)
DK (1) DK163333C (en)
ES (1) ES2022864B3 (en)
FI (1) FI84224C (en)
GR (1) GR3002366T3 (en)
NO (1) NO167433C (en)

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CN103161091A (en) * 2013-03-14 2013-06-19 牡丹江恒丰纸业股份有限公司 Production method of full hemp hand-rolled paper
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US11375744B2 (en) 2018-12-04 2022-07-05 BBK Tobacco & Foods, LLP Cone loading device and method therefor
US11166487B1 (en) 2019-01-10 2021-11-09 Ryan Okamura Cigarette making kit and method of using
US11582999B2 (en) 2020-10-01 2023-02-21 Leonid Moroz Cigarette mouthpiece
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Publication number Publication date
EP0275414A1 (en) 1988-07-27
US4887617A (en) 1989-12-19
NO875289D0 (en) 1987-12-17
DE3700420C2 (en) 1988-10-13
DK675587D0 (en) 1987-12-21
NO167433C (en) 1991-11-06
EP0428189A3 (en) 1992-10-28
DK675587A (en) 1988-06-23
DE8717939U1 (en) 1991-07-18
BR8707002A (en) 1988-07-26
FI875597A (en) 1988-06-23
DE3771696D1 (en) 1991-08-29
AR240127A1 (en) 1990-02-28
NO167433B (en) 1991-07-29
ES2022864B3 (en) 1991-12-16
FI84224C (en) 1991-11-11
CA1300460C (en) 1992-05-12
DK163333C (en) 1992-07-13
FI84224B (en) 1991-07-31
DK163333B (en) 1992-02-24
EP0428189A2 (en) 1991-05-22
NO875289L (en) 1988-06-23
DE3700420A1 (en) 1988-07-07
GR3002366T3 (en) 1992-12-30
FI875597A0 (en) 1987-12-18

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