EP0274815A2 - Projectile - Google Patents
Projectile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0274815A2 EP0274815A2 EP87307719A EP87307719A EP0274815A2 EP 0274815 A2 EP0274815 A2 EP 0274815A2 EP 87307719 A EP87307719 A EP 87307719A EP 87307719 A EP87307719 A EP 87307719A EP 0274815 A2 EP0274815 A2 EP 0274815A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tail
- projectile according
- hollow
- projectile
- holes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
- F42B12/76—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
- F42B10/02—Stabilising arrangements
- F42B10/04—Stabilising arrangements using fixed fins
- F42B10/06—Tail fins
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
- F42B12/48—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances smoke-producing, e.g. infrared clouds
Definitions
- Thie invention relates to a projectile and in particular to a smoke generating projectile or a smoke shell to generate smoke, for example, to break up a riot or to provide a screen for troops.
- the diameter has to be limited to a size of the gun barrel.
- the projectile has to remain intact on firing from the gun. It must also remain intact after impact with the ground, in order to give controlled rate of smoke emission.
- the projectile body must not distort when heat is transmitted by the burning smoke composition, which can be of the order of 1000°C.
- the projectile when shot from the gun should also be capable of having a large variation of range, for example, between 50-750m. It is also important that the projectile body should be able to carry sufficient smoke composition to produce a screen which can last for a long period.
- the smoke composition should be such that a screen of dense smoke is produced.
- smoke generating projectiles are constructed out of aluminium alloy bodies for carrying smoke composition, and meets all the necessary requirements.
- the current cost of producing such projectiles is high because a large proportion of time is contributed to labour-intensive machining of the aluminium alloy case.
- Each tail member of the projectile is also manufactured separately requiring further labour intensive machining.
- the present invention allows the aforementioned disadvantages to be avoided to a very substantial extent, which still allow a projectile to be produced relatively cheaply.
- a smoke generating projectile for smoke dispertion into the atmosphere comprises a hollow member containing a charge, a tail member co-axial with the hollow member, a propellant cartridge holder including a delay block and a fuse co-axial with the tail member, the delay block being adjacent the charge, and an insulating sleeve between the charge and the hollow member, the hollow member being constructed of crosslinked plastic material.
- the coaxial tail member of the projectile may be of cylindrical shape and formed integrally with the hollow member of plastics material, or formed separately and attached thereto. Holes are provided around the periphery of the tail member to act as air intake holes. These provide stability for the projectile in flight. Additionally the holes may be angled downwards and inwards to improve the flow of air in the holes. Further, the holes may be angled sidewards as well as downwards to deflect the airflow at the intakes inducing a spin reaction on the projectile thus further improving its flight stability.
- a smoke projectile 10 consists of a hollow cylindrical member 12 having an integrated tail member 14 at one end of the hollow cylindrical member 12.
- the hollow cylindrical member 12 also contains a charge 30 in a charge chamber 31, an insulating sleeve 35, a delay fuse 32 and an explosive cartridge 40.
- a groove 23 formed on a perimeter of the hollow cylindrical member 12 accommodates an obturating ring 24 and a plurality of holes 26 are formed on the cylindrical member 12 for smoke emission.
- An insulating sleeve 35 is slidably positioned into the hollow cylindrical member 12 from the end, remote from the tail member 14 end, until it comes to rest against a step bore 36.
- the length of the sleeve is such that it forms a barrier between the charge 30 and the cylindrical wall 11.
- the charge 30 is in a form of a cylindrical pellet and is made of a smoke generating composition which preferably has a relatively low burning temperature, easy to ignite and produces a dense smoke screen.
- the charge 30 is of such a dimension so as to fit tightly inside the insulating sleeve 35.
- the hollow cylindrical member 12 is sealed at one end, by an end cap 16 which retains the charge 30 and the sleeve 35 and prevents ingress of moisture.
- the end cap 16 is retained in position to the cylindrical wall 11 by fastening means 18.
- Each fastening means 18 is arranged so that it does not project beyond the cylindrical wall 11.
- a propellant cartridge holder 40 is in a form of a hollow cylinder and is co-axially arranged with the tail member 14.
- the propellant cartridge holder 40 has a circular extension 43 on the perimeter which coincides with a step bore 38.
- the propellant cartridge holder 40 is slidable in the bore 42 and is secured to the hollow cylindrical member 12 by fastening means 44.
- a delay fuse 32 is of conventional pyrotechnic compositon, and is mounted in an axial channel in a cylindrical delay block 34.
- the cylindrical delay block 34 is adjacent the smoke generating charge 30 and is secured within the propellant cartridge holder 40.
- the delay block 34 may be made of light metal, preferably aluminium. The delay block 34 also protect the delay fuse 32 to some extent from atmosphere moisture.
- the cartridge holder 40 contains a propellant charge 48 suitably pierced so as to ignite the delay fuse 32.
- a conventional percussion primer cap 50 is mounted at rear end of the propellant cartridge holder 40.
- a cambric disc 52 and a priming square plate 54 are situated between the charge 30 and the delay fuse 32.
- Smoke emission holes 26 in the hollow cylindrical member 12 are positioned adjacent the cambric disc 52 so that smoke starts to emit as soon as the charge 30 is ignited.
- the holes 26 can be plugged during storage with mastik to avoid ingress of moisture affecting the charge 30.
- the plugs, during use, are forced out from holes 26 by build up of pressure in the charge chamber 32 by burning smoke composition.
- the tail member 14 has a plurality of air intake holes 20 spaced over its surface. These take in the airflow over the surface of the projectile and control and stabilise the tails's relative position during flight.
- the holes 20 may be positioned around a single circumference of the cylinder or, as in Fig 4, around more than one circumference.
- the holes 20 may be angled downwards and inwards to improve the air intake.
- the holes 20 may be any shape including round, oval, slit shaped rectangular triagular.
- the holes may be frustro-conical with the narrow and outwards.
- the holes 20 may be angled sideways to cause the airflow to deflect intake holes and causes a "spinning reaction on the projectile thus further improving its flight stability.
- the holes may be angled downwards and sideways as shown in Fig 2.
- the tail member 14 may be integral with the hollow member 12, or it may be constructed separately attached by any fastening means such as a screw-thread or slip fit and retaining screw.
- the propellant charge 48 by which ejection of the smoke generating projectile 10 from the gun is effected, also ignites the pyrotechnic delay fuse 32.
- the projectile is guided along a trajectory by the tail member 14.
- the cambric disc 52 and priming square 54 are ignited, which ignites the charge 30.
- the smoke emitted by the charge 30 travel through the hollow cylindrical delay block 34 and is discharged through the holes 46 mentioned above, and the rear end of the propellant cartridge holder 40. Smoke emission also occurs through holes 26 when the mastik plugs are forced out by the build up of pressure in the charge chamber 31.
- a cross-linked low density Polyethylene material for the hollow cylindrical member 12 and the integral tail member 14 was used.
- plastic materials which can have their thermal properties improved by cross-linking can be used.
- the plastic material chosen should also have good mechanical properties, by dimensionally stable, easy to mould, and have resistance against chemical or solvent attack.
- Cross-linking of the plastic mateials can also be achieved by other processes, for example, the use of cross-linking additive agents.
- the insulating sleeve 35 was made from 4mm thickness paper marketed under the trade name 'Koawool'.
- the 'Koawool' paper composition is Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) 50-53%, Silicon dioxide (SiO2) 47-50% leachable chlorides 50ppm and 6% acrylic polmer binder and has a density of 340 Kgm3 & tensile strength of 750 MPa.
- Al2O3 Aluminium Oxide
- SiO2 Silicon dioxide
- the 'Kaowool' insulating sleeve 34 allowed smoke to be emitted from the holes 26.
- Other materials for the insulating sleeve 35 are possible which can withstand high temperatures and have a low thermal conductivity.
- the smoke composition pellet can be wrapped in an insulating sleeve material of the kind described. A separate insulating sleeve is not then required.
- the integral hollow cylindrical member 12 and tail member 14 may suitably be manufactured by an injection moulding process. It is also, of course, possible for the hollow cylindrical member 12 and the tail member 14 to be manufactured separately.
- the tail member 14 is replaced by a tubular member having a plurality of fins equi-spaced around a periphery of the tubular member.
- the tubular member and the diameter projected by fins should not be greater than the maximum diameter of the hollow cylindrical member 12.
- the tubular member can either be attached or integral with the hollow cylindical member 12. It is possible that the propellant cartridge holder 40 can be tubular member.
- the smoke generating projectile is not restricted to a particular shape.
- the hollow member 12, for example, may be tapered.
- the member 12, for example, may have a converging taper towards the tail member, and the tail member 14 can have a diverging taper away from the hollow member 12. It will, of course, be realised that the insulating sleeve and the charge in the hollow member will also be tapered accordingly.
- the end cap 16 may, for example, be shaped to have a converging taper away from the member 12.
- the smoke generating projectile with the taper end cap is suitable for use on soft ground where after the projectile impacts onto the ground, the tapered end cap penetrae the ground and allow the bomb to remain vertical for even smoke emission, particularly, from the smoke emission holes 26.
- a hollw end cap may be used, made of plastics material and filled, for example, with lead material to adjust the centre of gravity of the projectile.
- the holes 26, through which smoke emission can also occur are not essential, and that all smoke emission can occur through the holes 46 and the rear end of the propellant cartridge holder 40. It is also, of course, possible that a plurarity of equi-spaced tubes concentrically positioned about the axis of the smoke bomb and extending between the charge chamber 31 and passing between the tail member 14 and propellant cartridge holder 40 may be provided for smoke emission.
- the tubes may be provided with plugs to prevent ingress of moisture into the charge chamber 31. In use, the build up of pressure in the charge chamber 31 will force out the plugs.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8621142 | 1986-09-02 | ||
GB8621142 | 1986-09-02 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0274815A2 true EP0274815A2 (fr) | 1988-07-20 |
EP0274815A3 EP0274815A3 (fr) | 1988-08-10 |
Family
ID=10603554
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87307719A Withdrawn EP0274815A3 (fr) | 1986-09-02 | 1987-09-02 | Projectile |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0274815A3 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU7859087A (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2213916B (fr) |
IL (1) | IL83763A0 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1988001724A2 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996015421A1 (fr) * | 1994-11-11 | 1996-05-23 | Forsvarets Forskningsinstitutt | Grenade fumigene a main |
DE19944486A1 (de) * | 1999-09-16 | 2001-04-19 | Nico Pyrotechnik | Irritationskörper |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NO176495C (no) * | 1993-02-03 | 1995-04-19 | Raufoss As | Anordning ved röykgranat |
US8720426B2 (en) | 2011-02-25 | 2014-05-13 | Razor Usa, Llc | Soft impact projectile launcher |
Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE306847C (fr) * | ||||
US2112758A (en) * | 1935-05-04 | 1938-03-29 | Blacker Latham Valenti Stewart | Projectile |
GB577903A (en) * | 1943-03-29 | 1946-06-05 | Jack Henry Schulman | Improvements in or relating to projectiles and to a method of firing the same |
US2717552A (en) * | 1944-02-10 | 1955-09-13 | Energa | Perforating explosive projectile |
FR71510E (fr) * | 1955-07-11 | 1960-01-05 | Soc Tech De Rech Ind | Projectile fumigène |
FR1285666A (fr) * | 1960-04-05 | 1962-02-23 | Oregon Ets Patentverwertung | Projectile |
FR1333861A (fr) * | 1962-06-19 | 1963-08-02 | Perfectionnements aux projectiles | |
FR1556631A (fr) * | 1967-03-17 | 1969-02-07 | ||
FR2034212A2 (en) * | 1969-02-25 | 1970-12-11 | France Etat | Water colour marker released from crashed - aircraft |
US3762327A (en) * | 1970-05-04 | 1973-10-02 | Pains Wessex Ltd | Pyrotechnic devices |
FR2396949A1 (fr) * | 1977-07-09 | 1979-02-02 | Ballmann Josef | Projectile destine a etre notamment tire dans un canon lisse |
EP0081796A1 (fr) * | 1981-12-11 | 1983-06-22 | Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft | Cartouche en polyéthylène |
FR2561764A1 (fr) * | 1984-03-21 | 1985-09-27 | Losfeld Christian | Projectile economique pour mortier |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE306487C (fr) * |
-
1987
- 1987-09-02 WO PCT/GB1987/000614 patent/WO1988001724A2/fr unknown
- 1987-09-02 AU AU78590/87A patent/AU7859087A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1987-09-02 EP EP87307719A patent/EP0274815A3/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-09-03 IL IL83763A patent/IL83763A0/xx unknown
-
1989
- 1989-02-16 GB GB8903490A patent/GB2213916B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE306847C (fr) * | ||||
US2112758A (en) * | 1935-05-04 | 1938-03-29 | Blacker Latham Valenti Stewart | Projectile |
GB577903A (en) * | 1943-03-29 | 1946-06-05 | Jack Henry Schulman | Improvements in or relating to projectiles and to a method of firing the same |
US2717552A (en) * | 1944-02-10 | 1955-09-13 | Energa | Perforating explosive projectile |
FR71510E (fr) * | 1955-07-11 | 1960-01-05 | Soc Tech De Rech Ind | Projectile fumigène |
FR1285666A (fr) * | 1960-04-05 | 1962-02-23 | Oregon Ets Patentverwertung | Projectile |
FR1333861A (fr) * | 1962-06-19 | 1963-08-02 | Perfectionnements aux projectiles | |
FR1556631A (fr) * | 1967-03-17 | 1969-02-07 | ||
FR2034212A2 (en) * | 1969-02-25 | 1970-12-11 | France Etat | Water colour marker released from crashed - aircraft |
US3762327A (en) * | 1970-05-04 | 1973-10-02 | Pains Wessex Ltd | Pyrotechnic devices |
FR2396949A1 (fr) * | 1977-07-09 | 1979-02-02 | Ballmann Josef | Projectile destine a etre notamment tire dans un canon lisse |
EP0081796A1 (fr) * | 1981-12-11 | 1983-06-22 | Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft | Cartouche en polyéthylène |
FR2561764A1 (fr) * | 1984-03-21 | 1985-09-27 | Losfeld Christian | Projectile economique pour mortier |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996015421A1 (fr) * | 1994-11-11 | 1996-05-23 | Forsvarets Forskningsinstitutt | Grenade fumigene a main |
DE19944486A1 (de) * | 1999-09-16 | 2001-04-19 | Nico Pyrotechnik | Irritationskörper |
DE19944486C2 (de) * | 1999-09-16 | 2003-06-26 | Nico Pyrotechnik | Irritationskörper |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU7859087A (en) | 1988-03-24 |
IL83763A0 (en) | 1988-02-29 |
WO1988001724A2 (fr) | 1988-03-10 |
WO1988001724A3 (fr) | 1988-05-05 |
GB2213916A (en) | 1989-08-23 |
GB8903490D0 (en) | 1989-05-04 |
GB2213916B (en) | 1990-04-18 |
EP0274815A3 (fr) | 1988-08-10 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): ES GR |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): ES GR |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19890211 |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: HERRING, ROBERT JAMES Inventor name: DONOVAN, CHRISTOPHER JOHN Inventor name: SIMPSON, PETER WILLIAM HUGH Inventor name: DAVIES, DAVID CLIVE |