EP0271739A1 - Process for the repair or protection of one extremity of a metallic heat exchanger tube, and sleeve for carrying it out - Google Patents

Process for the repair or protection of one extremity of a metallic heat exchanger tube, and sleeve for carrying it out Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0271739A1
EP0271739A1 EP87117143A EP87117143A EP0271739A1 EP 0271739 A1 EP0271739 A1 EP 0271739A1 EP 87117143 A EP87117143 A EP 87117143A EP 87117143 A EP87117143 A EP 87117143A EP 0271739 A1 EP0271739 A1 EP 0271739A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
sleeve
corrosion
area
welding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87117143A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0271739B1 (en
Inventor
Gilbert Vigneron
Jean Bezier
Thong Nguyen Thanh
Pierre Vidal
Guy Zacharie
Lucien Guillemin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stein Industrie SA
Electricite de France SA
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Stein Industrie SA
Electricite de France SA
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Application filed by Stein Industrie SA, Electricite de France SA filed Critical Stein Industrie SA
Publication of EP0271739A1 publication Critical patent/EP0271739A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0271739B1 publication Critical patent/EP0271739B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F11/00—Arrangements for sealing leaky tubes and conduits
    • F28F11/02—Arrangements for sealing leaky tubes and conduits using obturating elements, e.g. washers, inserted and operated independently of each other
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49352—Repairing, converting, servicing or salvaging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49718—Repairing
    • Y10T29/49732—Repairing by attaching repair preform, e.g., remaking, restoring, or patching
    • Y10T29/49742—Metallurgically attaching preform
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49718—Repairing
    • Y10T29/49748—Repairing by shaping, e.g., bending, extruding, turning, etc.
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49909—Securing cup or tube between axially extending concentric annuli
    • Y10T29/49911—Securing cup or tube between axially extending concentric annuli by expanding inner annulus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49938—Radially expanding part in cavity, aperture, or hollow body
    • Y10T29/4994—Radially expanding internal tube
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12347—Plural layers discontinuously bonded [e.g., spot-weld, mechanical fastener, etc.]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for repairing or protecting a damaged or corrosion-prone area of an end of a metal exchanger tube in the vicinity of the internal face of its tube plate, in which the inside is inserted tube a metal sleeve with an external diameter slightly smaller than the internal diameter of the tube, over a length sufficient to cover the damaged or prone to corrosion area, the end of the sleeve is approached in the tube beyond the damaged or prone to corrosion area , locally welds the docked end of the sleeve on the inside of the tube with partial penetration into it, and locally welds the end of the sleeve on the side of the external face of the tube plate and of the zone of the corresponding end of the tube. It also extends to a sleeve usable in this process.
  • one of the fluids for example the heating fluid
  • circulates inside the tubes and the other, for example the heated fluid, to the outside of the tubes.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method of repairing or protecting a damaged or subject to corrosion area of a tube end, which avoids any danger of subsequent corrosion of the tube, in particular by creating excessive residual stresses in that -this, while constituting a mechanically robust protection and an absolute seal
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that, prior to the localized welding of the end of the sleeve situated on the side of the external face of the tubular plate, it is carried out on a localized expansion of this end of the sleeve against the tube, in that one carries out the localized welding inside the expanded area with partial penetration of the weld into the tube, and in that one then performs an expansion of the end region of the sleeve against the tube in an area inside the tube plate above the localized weld.
  • the end of the latter intended to be expanded in the tube on the side of the external face of the tube plate is provided with a series of longitudinal grooves, and before performing the welding, the air present in the gap between the tube and the sleeve is expelled by blowing inert gas into these grooves or by placing them under vacuum.
  • the other end of the sleeve is also provided with a series of longitudinal grooves, and before welding is effected near this other end, the air present in the gap between the tube and the sleeve is expelled by gas blowing inert in the grooves or by vacuum.
  • the weld on the end of the sleeve is subjected to the inside of the tube beyond the damaged area or subject to corrosion to a stress relieving treatment using an internal inductor.
  • the area of the sleeve beyond that in the tube in the tube inside the tube plate is subjected to a stress relieving treatment ment by a light expansion.
  • the invention further extends to a sleeve for carrying out the method of the invention, with an external diameter slightly less than the internal diameter of the tube, and with a length greater than that of the damaged area or subject to corrosion, characterized in that it comprises either in the vicinity of one of its ends an external metallic coating of small thickness which is a good conductor of heat and which is not very oxidizable, or, at least at one of its ends, an area provided with fines longitudinal external grooves, or both.
  • the tube 1 is fixed to the tubular plate 2, in the usual way, by swaging, and its lower end is welded to the external face of this plate, as represented by the weld bead 3.
  • the repair is carried out using an internal sleeve 5, with an external diameter slightly smaller than the internal diameter of the tube, which covers the partially corroded zone of the tube.
  • This sleeve 5 is tightly connected to the tube in the two zones 6, inside the tube plate, and 7, beyond the latter and the corroded zone.
  • the sleeve is first expanded in the tube in a localized manner in this zone. This expansion can take place under inert gas or with inert gas blowing.
  • the welding is carried out back from the edge of the sleeve by the automatic arc arc process using an inert gas using a device for internal welding of tubes (this position allowing greater flexibility in the adjustment in altitude welding torch).
  • the preliminary expansion allows the heat to be concentrated in the area to be welded, which facilitates the penetration of the weld, the removal of the metal after welding and the evacuation of the gas trapped between the tube and the sleeve.
  • the weld bead must have good penetration into the thickness of the tube (from 20% to 75% thereof), but without crossing it.
  • the sleeve can be provided in the region provided for the weld bead and on either side of it with a thin deposit of a metal which is not very oxidizable and which is a good conductor of heat. , such as chromium, obtained for example by metallization (deposit 14 in fig. 3). It is also possible, in order to further facilitate the evacuation of the air retained in the gap between the tube and the sleeve, to provide the lower end of the sleeve up to the level of the weld bead with fine longitudinal grooves. , for example four 90 ° grooves (grooves 15 and fig.4). The air can be evacuated either by blowing inert gas, or by vacuum, if the assembly allows.
  • the upper weld is then produced after the sleeve has come into contact with the tube by controlled deformation of the diameter, by controlling the expansion of the sleeve by the number of spindle turns of a dudgeon.
  • This ensures good repeatability of obtaining good contact between the tube and the sleeve, a necessary condition for ensuring good bond welding by limiting the stresses induced in the tube.
  • This upper welding can also be carried out behind the edge of the sleeve, for example at 20 or 30 mm from this edge (weld bead 9 in FIG. 1). It is also possible to ensure complete fusion welding of the edge of the sleeve (weld bead 9A in FIG. 2).
  • the shape of this connection allows the control of the zone 13 thermally affected by the welding and located above the welding.
  • This type of weld bead is obtained by adjusting the position and the inclination of the welding electrode, that is to say by appropriate preparation of the end of the sleeve by machining.
  • Welding operations can optionally be substituted by the arc under inert gas process with tungsten electrode for welding by laser beam or by electronic beam.
  • the quality of the welds can be controlled by non-destructive means such as endoscopic examination, penetrant testing, eddy currents and ultrasound.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

Pour la réparation d'une extrémité de tube (1) d'échange de chaleur corrodée, on dudgeonne un manchon (5) dans le tube, d'une part dans la zone de la plaque tubulaire (2), d'autre part au-delà de la zone corrodée (4) , puis on effectue des soudures (89) localisées dans chacune des zones dudgeonnées. On effectue ensuite un dudgeonnage de la zone d'extrémité du manchon (5) contre le tube (1) dans une zone à l'intérieur de la plaque tubulaire (2) au-dessus de la soudure localisée. Application aux échangeurs de centrales nucléaires à eau pressurisée.For the repair of an end of tube (1) of corroded heat exchange, a sleeve (5) is expanded in the tube, on the one hand in the zone of the tube plate (2), on the other hand at beyond the corroded area (4), then welds (89) are carried out located in each of the dugged areas. Then, a swaging of the end region of the sleeve (5) against the tube (1) in an area inside the tube plate (2) above the localized weld. Application to exchangers of pressurized water nuclear power plants.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de réparation ou de protection d'une zone endommagée ou sujette à corrosion d'une extrémité de tube métallique d'échangeur au voisinage de la face interne de sa plaque tubulaire, dans lequel on introduit à l'intérieur du tube un manchon métallique de diamètre externe légèrement inférieur au diamètre interne du tube, sur une longueur suffisante pour recouvrir la zone endommagée ou sujette à corrosion, on accoste dans le tube l'extrémité du manchon au-delà de la zone endommagée ou sujette à corrosion, soude localement l'extrémité accostée du manchon sur l'intérieur du tube avec pénétration partielle dans celui-ci, et soude localement l'extrémité du manchon du côté de la face externe de la plaque tubulaire et de la zone de l'extrémité correspondante du tube. Elle s'étend en outre à un manchon utilisable dans ce procédé.The present invention relates to a method for repairing or protecting a damaged or corrosion-prone area of an end of a metal exchanger tube in the vicinity of the internal face of its tube plate, in which the inside is inserted tube a metal sleeve with an external diameter slightly smaller than the internal diameter of the tube, over a length sufficient to cover the damaged or prone to corrosion area, the end of the sleeve is approached in the tube beyond the damaged or prone to corrosion area , locally welds the docked end of the sleeve on the inside of the tube with partial penetration into it, and locally welds the end of the sleeve on the side of the external face of the tube plate and of the zone of the corresponding end of the tube. It also extends to a sleeve usable in this process.

Dans les échangeurs de chaleur du type à faisceau de tubes fixés sur des plaques tubulaires épaisses, l'un des fluides, par exemple le fluide chauffant, circule à l'intérieur des tubes, et l'autre, par exemple le fluide chauffé, à l'extérieur des tubes.In heat exchangers of the tube bundle type fixed on thick tubular plates, one of the fluids, for example the heating fluid, circulates inside the tubes, and the other, for example the heated fluid, to the outside of the tubes.

Lorsqu'à la suite d'une corrosion un défaut traverse la paroi d'un ou de plusieurs tubes, provoquant la fuite d'un débit, même rela­tivement faible, de l'un des fluides dans l'autre, il s'ensuit divers inconvénients :
- perte d'efficacité de l'échangeur, donc du rendement de l'installation,
- risque d'aggravation du défaut, de rupture totale du tube et d'endom­magement des tubes voisins par effet de fouet,
- dans le cas d'un échangeur de centrale nucléaire, notamment des générateurs de vapeur des chaudières de centrales nucléaires à eau sous pression, fuite possible de fluide radioactif vers le fluide non radioactif, et de contamination du circuit de ce dernier.When, as a result of corrosion, a defect crosses the wall of one or more tubes, causing the leakage of a flow, even a relatively small one, from one of the fluids in the other, it follows various disadvantages:
- loss of efficiency of the exchanger, therefore of the efficiency of the installation,
- risk of aggravation of the defect, total rupture of the tube and damage to neighboring tubes by whipping effect,
- in the case of a nuclear power plant exchanger, in particular steam generators in boilers of pressurized water nuclear power plants, possible leakage of radioactive fluid towards the non-radioactive fluid, and contamination of the latter's circuit.

Lorsqu'une fuite intervient dans la paroi d'un tube, on a déjà proposé d'éliminer celui-ci par bouchage à l'aide de bouchons mis en place aux deux extrémités du tube dans la ou les plaques tubulaires. Ceci ne peut toutefois se faire que pour un nombre limité de tubes, pour ne pas réduire de façon importante le débit de fluide traité par l'échangeur.When a leak occurs in the wall of a tube, it has already been proposed to eliminate the latter by plugging using plugs placed at both ends of the tube in the tube plate (s). This can however only be done for a limited number of tubes, in order not to significantly reduce the flow of fluid treated by the exchanger.

On a aussi proposé d'arrêter la fuite à l'aide d'un manchon interne mis en place, soit par dudgeonnage mécanique, soit par dudgeonnage hydraulique, soit par expansion à l'aide d'une bague en élastomère, soit par explosion, soit par brasage.It has also been proposed to stop the leak using an internal sleeve put in place, either by mechanical expansion, or by hydraulic expansion, or by expansion using an elastomer ring, or by explosion, either by soldering.

De tels procédés ne donnent pas complètement satisfaction, car la fixation du manchon dans le tube par les procédés de dudgeonnage mécanique ou hydraulique, ou par expansion par une bague en élas­tomère, ou par explosion, induit dans le tube des contraintes, source de danger de corrosion, qui ne peuvent être éliminées sous peine de dédudgeonnage.Such methods are not completely satisfactory, since the fixing of the sleeve in the tube by mechanical or hydraulic expansion methods, or by expansion by an elastomer ring, or by explosion, induced in the tube stresses, source of danger of corrosion, which cannot be eliminated under penalty of dedudgeoning.

La présente invention a pour but de procurer un procédé de réparation ou de protection d'une zone endommagée ou sujette à corrosion d'une extrémité de tube, qui évite tout danger de corrosion ultérieure du tube, notamment par création de contraintes résiduelles excessives dans celui-ci, tout en constituant une protection mécani­quement robuste et d'une étanchéité absolueThe object of the present invention is to provide a method of repairing or protecting a damaged or subject to corrosion area of a tube end, which avoids any danger of subsequent corrosion of the tube, in particular by creating excessive residual stresses in that -this, while constituting a mechanically robust protection and an absolute seal

Le procédé selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que l'on effectue préalablement au soudage localisé de l'extrémité du manchon située du côté de la face externe de la plaque tubulaire sur le tube, un dudgeonnage localisé de cette extrémité du manchon contre le tube, en ce que l'on effectue le soudage localisé à l'intérieur de la zone dudgeonnée avec pénétration partielle de la soudure dans le tube, et en ce que l'on effectue ensuite un dudgeonnage de la zone d'extrémité du manchon contre le tube dans une zone située à l'intérieur de la plaque tubulaire au-dessus de la soudure localisée.The method according to the invention is characterized in that, prior to the localized welding of the end of the sleeve situated on the side of the external face of the tubular plate, it is carried out on a localized expansion of this end of the sleeve against the tube, in that one carries out the localized welding inside the expanded area with partial penetration of the weld into the tube, and in that one then performs an expansion of the end region of the sleeve against the tube in an area inside the tube plate above the localized weld.

Il répond de préférence à au moins l'une des caractéristiques suivantes :
- Préalablement à l'introduction du manchon dans le tube, on perce dans le tube un ou plusieurs trous de faible diamètre, traversant sa paroi complétement ou incomplètement, légèrement au-delà de la face interne de la plaque tubulaire.
- On effectue un dudgeonnage localisé de l'extrémité du manchon du côté de la face externe de la plaque tubulaire à l'air libre, sous gaz inerte ou avec soufflage de gaz inerte.
- Préalablement à l'introduction du manchon dans le tube, on munit l'extrémité de celui-ci destinée à être dudgeonnée dans le tube du côté de la face externe de la plaque tubulaire d'un revêtement métallique de faible épaisseur, bon conducteur de la chaleur et peu oxydable.
- Préalablement à l'introduction du manchon dans le tube, on munit l'extrémité de celui-ci destinée à être dudgeonnée dans le tube du côté de la face externe de la plaque tubulaire d'une série de rainures longitudinales, et avant d'effecteur le soudage on chasse l'air pré­sent dans l'interstice entre le tube et le manchon par soufflage de gaz inerte dans ces rainures ou par mise sous vide de celles-ci.
- On munit aussi l'autre extrémité du manchon d'une série de rainures longitudinales, et avant d'effecteur le soudage près de cette autre extrémité on chasse l'air présent dans l'interstice entre le tube et le manchon par soufflage de gaz inerte dans les rainures ou par mise sous vide.
- Après avoir effecté la soudure du manchon sur la zone d'extrémité du tube du côté de la face externe de la plaque tubulaire, on effectue plusieurs passes de dudgeonnage du manchon dans le tube au-delà de cette soudure.
- On effectue les soudages du manchon sur le tube en retrait des extrémités du manchon.
- On effectue l'accostage de l'extrémité du manchon dans le tube au-­delà de la zone endommagée ou sujette à corrosion par déformation contrôlée du diamètre.
- On effectue le soudage du manchon sur le tube au-delà de la zone endommagée ou sujette à corrosion sur le bord lui-même du manchon.
- On soumet la soudure de l'extrémité dudgeonnée du manchon sur l'intérieur du tube au-delà de la zone endommagée ou sujette à corrosion à un traitement de détensionnement à l'aide d'un inducteur interne.
- On soumet la zone du manchon au-delà de celle dudgeonnée dans le tube à l'intérieur de la plaque tubulaire à un traitement de détensionne­ ment par un dudgeonnage léger.It preferably meets at least one of the following characteristics:
- Prior to the introduction of the sleeve into the tube, one or more small diameter holes are drilled in the tube, crossing its wall completely or partially, slightly beyond the internal face of the tube plate.
- We carry out a local expansion of the end of the sleeve on the side from the external face of the tube plate in the open air, under inert gas or with inert gas blowing.
- Prior to the introduction of the sleeve into the tube, the end of the latter intended to be expanded in the tube on the side of the external face of the tubular plate is provided with a thin metal coating, good conductor of heat and not very oxidizable.
- Prior to the introduction of the sleeve into the tube, the end of the latter intended to be expanded in the tube on the side of the external face of the tube plate is provided with a series of longitudinal grooves, and before performing the welding, the air present in the gap between the tube and the sleeve is expelled by blowing inert gas into these grooves or by placing them under vacuum.
- The other end of the sleeve is also provided with a series of longitudinal grooves, and before welding is effected near this other end, the air present in the gap between the tube and the sleeve is expelled by gas blowing inert in the grooves or by vacuum.
- After carrying out the welding of the sleeve on the end region of the tube on the side of the external face of the tube plate, several passes of expansion of the sleeve in the tube are carried out beyond this welding.
- The welding of the sleeve is carried out on the tube set back from the ends of the sleeve.
- The end of the sleeve is docked in the tube beyond the damaged area or subject to corrosion by controlled deformation of the diameter.
- The sleeve is welded to the tube beyond the damaged or subject to corrosion area on the edge itself of the sleeve.
- The weld on the end of the sleeve is subjected to the inside of the tube beyond the damaged area or subject to corrosion to a stress relieving treatment using an internal inductor.
- The area of the sleeve beyond that in the tube in the tube inside the tube plate is subjected to a stress relieving treatment ment by a light expansion.

L'invention s'étend en outre à un manchon pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention, de diamètre externe légèrement inférieur au diamètre interne du tube, et de longueur supérieure à celle de la zone endommagée ou sujette à corrosion, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte soit au voisinage de l'une de ses extrémités un revêtement métallique externe de faible épaisseur bon conducteur de la chaleur et peu oxydable, soit à partie d'au moins l'une de ses extrémités une zone munie de fines rainures externes longitudinales, soit les deux.The invention further extends to a sleeve for carrying out the method of the invention, with an external diameter slightly less than the internal diameter of the tube, and with a length greater than that of the damaged area or subject to corrosion, characterized in that it comprises either in the vicinity of one of its ends an external metallic coating of small thickness which is a good conductor of heat and which is not very oxidizable, or, at least at one of its ends, an area provided with fines longitudinal external grooves, or both.

Il est décrit ci-après, à titre d'exemples et en référence aux figures du dessin annexé, les extrémités voisines de la plaque tubulaire de tubes d'échangeur de chaleur entre eau primaire radioactive réchauffée par passage dans le coeur d'un réacteur nucléaire, et eau secondaire à réchauffer par échange indirect de chaleur avec l'eau primaire, réparés par le procédé de l'invention.

  • La figure 1 représente en élévation avec coupe diamétrale partielle l'extrémité d'un tube au voisinage de la plaque tubulaire, munie d'un manchon interne de réparation dudgeonné et soudé sur le tube.
  • La figure 2 représente en élévation avec coupe diamétrale partielle une variante de réparation dans laquelle le manchon est soudé sur le tube le long de son bord supérieur.
  • La figure 3 représente une variante de manchon de réparation, munie près de son bord inférieur d'un mince dépôt d'un métal peu oxydable et bon conducteur de la chaleur.
  • La figure 4 représente une variante de manchon de réparation, munie près de son bord inférieur de rainures permettant de chasser l'air lors de son soudage au tube.
It is described below, by way of examples and with reference to the figures of the appended drawing, the adjacent ends of the tube plate of tubes of heat exchanger tubes between radioactive primary water heated by passage through the core of a nuclear reactor , and secondary water to be heated by indirect heat exchange with the primary water, repaired by the method of the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows in elevation with partial diametral section the end of a tube in the vicinity of the tube plate, provided with an internal repair sleeve expanded and welded to the tube.
  • Figure 2 shows in elevation with partial diametral section a repair variant in which the sleeve is welded to the tube along its upper edge.
  • FIG. 3 represents a variant of the repair sleeve, provided near its lower edge with a thin deposit of a metal which is not very oxidizable and which is a good conductor of heat.
  • FIG. 4 represents a variant of repair sleeve, provided near its lower edge with grooves making it possible to expel the air during its welding to the tube.

Dans la figure 1, le tube 1 est fixé à la plaque tubulaire 2, de la manière habituelle, par dudgeonnage, et son extrémité inférieure est soudée à la face externe de cette plaque, comme représenté par le cordon de soudure 3.In FIG. 1, the tube 1 is fixed to the tubular plate 2, in the usual way, by swaging, and its lower end is welded to the external face of this plate, as represented by the weld bead 3.

La zone de fin de dudgeonnage du tube, au voisinage de la face interne de la plaque tubulaire, a été soumise à une corrosion sous contrainte qui l'a endommagée, comme représenté en 4.The end of expansion of the tube, in the vicinity of the internal face of the tube plate, was subjected to stress corrosion which damaged it, as shown in 4.

La réparation est effectuée à l'aide d'un manchon interne 5, de diamètre externe un peu inférieur au diamètre interne du tube, qui recouvre la zone du tube partiellement corrodée.The repair is carried out using an internal sleeve 5, with an external diameter slightly smaller than the internal diameter of the tube, which covers the partially corroded zone of the tube.

Ce manchon 5 est lié de façon étanche au tube dans les deux zones 6, à l'intérieur de la plaque tubulaire, et 7, au-delà de celle-ci et de la zone corrodée.This sleeve 5 is tightly connected to the tube in the two zones 6, inside the tube plate, and 7, beyond the latter and the corroded zone.

Pour réaliser la liaison inférieure dans la zone 6 à l'intérieur de la plaque tubulaire, le manchon est d'abord dudgeonné dans le tube de façon localisée dans cette zone. Ce dudgeonnage peut avoir lieu sous gaz inerte ou avec soufflage de gaz inerte.To make the lower connection in zone 6 inside the tube plate, the sleeve is first expanded in the tube in a localized manner in this zone. This expansion can take place under inert gas or with inert gas blowing.

Puis l'on effectue le soudage en retrait du bord du manchon par le procédé automatique à l'arc sous gaz inerte à l'aide d'un dispositif pour soudage interne de tubes (cette position autorisant une plus grand souplesse dans le réglage en altitude de la torche de soudage). Le dudgeonnage préliminaire permet de concentrer la chaleur dans la zone à souder, ce qui facilite la pénétration de la soudure, les retraits du métal après soudage et l'évacuation du gaz emprisonné entre le tube et le manchon. Le cordon de soudure doit présenter une bonne pénétration dans l'épaisseur du tube (de 20% à 75% de celle-ci), mais sans la traverser.Then the welding is carried out back from the edge of the sleeve by the automatic arc arc process using an inert gas using a device for internal welding of tubes (this position allowing greater flexibility in the adjustment in altitude welding torch). The preliminary expansion allows the heat to be concentrated in the area to be welded, which facilitates the penetration of the weld, the removal of the metal after welding and the evacuation of the gas trapped between the tube and the sleeve. The weld bead must have good penetration into the thickness of the tube (from 20% to 75% thereof), but without crossing it.

Pour faciliter l'opération de soudage, le manchon peut être muni dans la région prévue pour le cordon de soudure et de part et d'autre de celle-ci d'un mince dépôt d'un métal peu oxydable et bon conducteur de la chaleur, tel que le chrome, obtenu par exmple par métallisation (dépôt 14 de la fig.3). On peut aussi, afin de faciliter encore plus l'évacuation de l'air retenu dans l'interstice entre le tube et le manchon, munir l'extrémité inférieure du manchon jusqu'au-delà du niveau du cordon de soudure de fines rainures longi­tudinales, par exemple quatre rainures à 90° (rainures 15 et de la fig.4). L'évacuation de l'air peut s'effectuer soit par soufflage de gaz inerte, soit par mise sous vide, si l'assemblage le permet.To facilitate the welding operation, the sleeve can be provided in the region provided for the weld bead and on either side of it with a thin deposit of a metal which is not very oxidizable and which is a good conductor of heat. , such as chromium, obtained for example by metallization (deposit 14 in fig. 3). It is also possible, in order to further facilitate the evacuation of the air retained in the gap between the tube and the sleeve, to provide the lower end of the sleeve up to the level of the weld bead with fine longitudinal grooves. , for example four 90 ° grooves (grooves 15 and fig.4). The air can be evacuated either by blowing inert gas, or by vacuum, if the assembly allows.

Après réalisation de la soudure inférieure, on soumet la zone 6 au-dessus de celle-ci à plusieurs passes de dudgeonnage, en assurant ainsi une barrière d'étanchéité, soustrayant la zone affectée par la soudure à l'action corrosive de l'eau circulant autour des tubes. Un traitement thermique de suppression des tensions dans ce cordon de soudure, susceptible d'avoir un effet défavorable en raison de la présence de la plaque tubulaire, n'est plus nécessaire.After completion of the lower weld, the area 6 above it is subjected to several expansion steps, thus ensuring a sealing barrier, subtracting the area affected by the weld from the corrosive action of water. circulating around the tubes. A heat treatment to remove tensions in this weld bead, which may have an unfavorable effect due to the presence of the tube plate, is no longer necessary.

On réalise ensuite la soudure supérieure après accostage du manchon dans le tube par déformation contrôlée du diamètre, en pilotant l'expansion du manchon par le nombre de tours de broche d'un dudgeon. On assure ainsi une bonne répétitivité de l'obtention d'un bon contact entre tube et manchon, condition nécessaire pour assurer une bonne soudure de liaison en limitant les contraintes induites dans le tube. Cette soudure supérieure peut être effectuée également en retrait du bord du manchon, par exemple à 20 ou 30 mm de ce bord (cordon de soudure 9 de la figure 1). On peut aussi assurer la soudure par fusion complète du bord du manchon (cordon de soudure 9A de la fig.2). La forme de cette liaison permet le contrôle de la zone 13 affectée thermiquement par le soudage et située au-dessus de la soudure.The upper weld is then produced after the sleeve has come into contact with the tube by controlled deformation of the diameter, by controlling the expansion of the sleeve by the number of spindle turns of a dudgeon. This ensures good repeatability of obtaining good contact between the tube and the sleeve, a necessary condition for ensuring good bond welding by limiting the stresses induced in the tube. This upper welding can also be carried out behind the edge of the sleeve, for example at 20 or 30 mm from this edge (weld bead 9 in FIG. 1). It is also possible to ensure complete fusion welding of the edge of the sleeve (weld bead 9A in FIG. 2). The shape of this connection allows the control of the zone 13 thermally affected by the welding and located above the welding.

Ce type de cordon de soudure est obtenu par réglage de la position et de l'inclinaison de l'électrode de soudage, soit par une préparation appropriée de l'extrémité du manchon par usinage.This type of weld bead is obtained by adjusting the position and the inclination of the welding electrode, that is to say by appropriate preparation of the end of the sleeve by machining.

Quelle que soit la position de la soudure supérieure du manchon, on peut assurer la suppression des tensions dans celle-ci à l'aide d'un traitement thermique local par inducteur interne.Whatever the position of the upper weld of the sleeve, it is possible to ensure the removal of the tensions therein by means of a local heat treatment by internal inductor.

Afin d'éviter une montée en pression éventuelle dans l'espace 11 compris entre le tube et le manchon par accumulation à travers une fuite de résidus divers, de gaz ou d'eau, il est possible de percer un ou plusieurs trous tels que 12 dans le tube, préalablement à la mise en place du manchon. Ces trous peuvent traverser de part en part la paroi du tube, comme représenté. On peut aussi laisser une faible épaisseur rési­duelle de métal du tube, celle-ci servant alors de membrane de sécurité en cas d'une montée en pression dans l'espace 10. Ce ou ces trous peuvent également contribuer à faciliter la réalisation de la liaison supérieure entre le tube et le manchon, notamment lors de l'opération de soudage, où le gaz emprisonné pourrait gêner la fermeture du bain de soudure.In order to avoid a possible increase in pressure in the space 11 between the tube and the sleeve by accumulation through a leak of various residues, gas or water, it is possible to drill one or more holes such as 12 in the tube, prior to the installation of the sleeve. These holes can pass right through the wall of the tube, as shown. It is also possible to leave a small residual thickness of metal in the tube, the latter then serving as a safety membrane in the event of a pressure build-up in the space 10. This or these holes may also help to facilitate the creation of the connection between the tube and the sleeve, especially during the welding operation, where the trapped gas could hinder the closing of the weld pool.

On peut substituer éventuellement aux opérations de soudage par le procédé à l'arc sous gaz inerte avec électrode de tungstène des soudages par faisceau laser ou par faisceau électronique.Welding operations can optionally be substituted by the arc under inert gas process with tungsten electrode for welding by laser beam or by electronic beam.

On peut contrôler la qualité des soudures par des moyens non destructifs tels que l'examen endoscopique, le ressuage, les courants de Foucault et les ultra-sons.The quality of the welds can be controlled by non-destructive means such as endoscopic examination, penetrant testing, eddy currents and ultrasound.

Claims (14)

1/ Procédé de réparation ou de protection d'une zone endommagée ou sujette à corrosion (4) d'une extrémité de tube métallique d'échan­geur (1) au voisinage de la face interne de sa plaque tubulaire (2), dans lequel on introduit à l'intérieur du tube un manchon métallique (5) de diamètre externe légèrement inférieur au diamètre interne du tube, sur une longueur suffisante à partir de la face externe de la plaque tubulaire pour pénétrer dans le tube au-delà de la zone endommagée ou sujette à corrosion, on accoste dans le tube l'ex­trémité du manchon au-delà de la zone endommagée ou sujette à corrosion, soude localement l'extrémité accostée du manchon sur l'in­térieur du tube avec pénétration partielle dans celui-ci, et soude localement l'extrémité du manchon du côté de la face externe de la plaque tubulaire et de l'extrémité correspondante du tube,
caractérisé en ce que l'on effectue préalablement au soudage localisé de l'extrémité du manchon située du côté de la face externe de la plaque tubulaire sur le tube, un dudgeonnage localisé de cette extrémité du manchon contre le tube, en ce que l'on effectue le soudage localisé à l'intérieur de la zone dudgeonnée avec pénétration partielle de la soudure dans le tube, et en ce que l'on effectue ensuite un dudgeonnage de la zone d'extrémité du manchon contre le tube dans une zone située à l'intérieur de la plaque tubulaire au-dessus de la soudure localisée.1 / Method for repairing or protecting a damaged or corrosion-prone area (4) of an end of a metal exchanger tube (1) in the vicinity of the internal face of its tubular plate (2), in which introduces inside the tube a metal sleeve (5) with an external diameter slightly smaller than the internal diameter of the tube, over a sufficient length from the external face of the tube plate to penetrate the tube beyond the damaged area or subject to corrosion, the end of the sleeve is docked in the tube beyond the damaged area or subject to corrosion, locally welds the docked end of the sleeve on the inside of the tube with partial penetration into it, and locally welds the end of the sleeve on the side of the external face of the tube plate and of the corresponding end of the tube,
characterized in that one carries out prior to the localized welding of the end of the sleeve situated on the side of the external face of the tube plate on the tube, a localized expansion of this end of the sleeve against the tube, in that the the localized welding is carried out inside the expanded area with partial penetration of the weld into the tube, and in that the expansion of the end region of the sleeve against the tube is then carried out in an area located the inside of the tube plate above the localized weld. 2/ Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, préalablement à l'introduction du manchon dans le tube, on perce dans le tube un ou plusieurs trous de faible diamètre (12), traversant sa paroi complètement ou incomplètement, légèrement au-delà de la face interne de la plaque tubulaire.2 / A method according to claim 1, characterized in that, prior to the introduction of the sleeve into the tube, one or more holes of small diameter (12) are drilled in the tube, crossing its wall completely or incompletely, slightly au- beyond the internal face of the tube plate. 3/ Procédé selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que, l'on effectue un dudgeonnage localisé de l'extrémité du manchon du côté de la face externe de la plaque tubulaire à l'air libre, sous gaz inerte ou avec soufflage de gaz inerte.3 / A method according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that one carries out a localized expansion of the end of the sleeve on the side of the external face of the tubular plate in the open air, under inert gas or with blowing inert gas. 4/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que, préalablement à l'introduction du manchon dans le tube, on munit l'extrémité de celui-ci destinée à être dudgeonnée dans le tube du côté de la face externe de la plaque tubulaire d'un revêtement métallique de faible épaisseur, bon conducteur de la chaleur et peu oxydable (14, fig.3).4 / Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, prior to the introduction of the sleeve into the tube, the end of the latter intended to be expanded in the tube on the side is provided of the external face of the tubular plate of a thin metal coating, good conductor of heat and not very oxidizable (14, fig.3). 5/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que, préalablement à l'introduction du manchon dans le tube, on munit l'extrémité de celui-ci destinée à être dudgeonnée dans le tube du côté de la face externe de la plaque tubulaire d'une série de rainures longitudinales (15, fig.4) et en ce qu'avant d'effectuer le soudage on chasse l'air présent dans l'interstice entre le tube et le manchon par soufflage de gaz inerte dans ces rainures ou par mise sous vide de celles-ci.5 / Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, prior to the introduction of the sleeve into the tube, the end of the latter intended to be expanded in the tube on the side of the face is provided outer of the tube plate with a series of longitudinal grooves (15, fig. 4) and in that before carrying out the welding, the air present in the gap between the tube and the sleeve is expelled by gas blowing inert in these grooves or by evacuating them. 6/ Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'on munit aussi l'autre extrémité du manchon d'une série de rainures longitudinales, et en ce qu'avant d'effectuer le soudage près de cette autre extrémité on chasse l'air présent dans l'interstice entre le tube et le manchon par soufflage de gaz inerte dans les rainures ou par mise sous vide.6 / A method according to claim 5, characterized in that one also provides the other end of the sleeve with a series of longitudinal grooves, and in that before performing welding near this other end is chased l air present in the gap between the tube and the sleeve by blowing inert gas into the grooves or by vacuum. 7/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'après avoir effectué la soudure du manchon sur la zone d'extrémité du tube du côté de la face externe de la plaque tubulaire, on effectue plusieurs passes de dudgeonnage du manchon dans le tube au-delà de cette soudure.7 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that after performing the welding of the sleeve on the end region of the tube on the side of the outer face of the tube plate, it performs several passes of swaging of the sleeve in the tube beyond this weld. 8/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'on effectue les soudages du manchon sur le tube en retrait des extrémités du manchon.8 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the welding of the sleeve is carried out on the tube set back from the ends of the sleeve. 9/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'on effectue l'accostage de l'extrémité du manchon dans le tube au-­delà de la zone endommagée ou sujette à corrosion par déformation contrôlée du diamètre.9 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that one carries out the docking of the end of the sleeve in the tube beyond the damaged area or subject to corrosion by controlled deformation of the diameter. 10/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'on effectue le soudage du manchon sur le tube au-delà de la zone endommagée ou sujette à corrosion sur le bord lui-même du manchon (9A, fig.2).10 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the sleeve is welded to the tube beyond the damaged area or subject to corrosion on the edge itself of the sleeve (9A, fig. 2). 11/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'on soumet la soudure de l'extrémité dudgeonnée du manchon sur l'interieur du tube au-delà de la zone endommagée ou sujette à corrosion à un traitement de détensionnement à l'aide d'un inducteur interne.11 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the welding of the expanded end of the sleeve is subjected to the inside of the tube beyond the damaged area or subject to corrosion to a stress relieving treatment using an internal inductor. 12/ Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'on soumet la zone (10) du manchon au-delà de celle dudgeonnée dans le tube à l'intérieur de la plaque tubulaire à un traitement de détensionnement par un dudgeonnage léger.12 / Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that one subjects the area (10) of the sleeve beyond that dudgeonnée in the tube inside the tube plate to a stress relieving treatment by a light expansion. 13/ Mancon pour réparation ou protection d'une zone endommagée ou sujette à corrosion d'une extrémité de tube métallique d'échangeur de chaleur, de diamètre externe légèrement inférieur au diamètre interne du tube, et de longueur supérieure à celle de la zone endommagée ou sujette à corrosion, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au voisinage de l'une de ses extrémités un revêtement métallique externe de faible épaisseur, bon conducteur de la chaleur et peu oxydable (14, fig.3).13 / Mancon for repair or protection of a damaged or corrosion-prone area at the end of a metal heat exchanger tube, with an external diameter slightly less than the internal diameter of the tube, and with a length greater than that of the damaged zone or prone to corrosion, characterized in that it has in the vicinity of one of its ends an external metallic coating of small thickness, good conductor of heat and not very oxidizable (14, fig. 3). 14/ Manchon pour réparation ou protection d'une zone endommagée ou sujette à corrosion d'une extrémité de tube métallique d'échangeur de chaleur, de diamètre externe légèrement inférieur au diamètre interne du tube, et de longueur supérieure à celle de la zone endommagée ou sujette à corrosion, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte à partir d'au moins l'une de ses extémités une zone munie de fines rainures externes longitudinales (15, fig.4).14 / Sleeve for repairing or protecting a damaged or corrosion-prone area at the end of a metal heat exchanger tube, with an external diameter slightly less than the internal diameter of the tube, and with a length greater than that of the damaged zone or prone to corrosion, characterized in that it comprises, from at least one of its ends, an area provided with fine longitudinal external grooves (15, fig. 4).
EP87117143A 1986-11-21 1987-11-20 Process for the repair or protection of one extremity of a metallic heat exchanger tube, and sleeve for carrying it out Expired - Lifetime EP0271739B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8616231 1986-11-21
FR8616231A FR2607235B1 (en) 1986-11-21 1986-11-21 METHOD FOR REPAIRING OR PROTECTING AN END OF A METAL HEAT EXCHANGER TUBE, AND SLEEVE FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME

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EP0271739A1 true EP0271739A1 (en) 1988-06-22
EP0271739B1 EP0271739B1 (en) 1990-10-03

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US (1) US4960650A (en)
EP (1) EP0271739B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63153398A (en)
KR (1) KR880006523A (en)
DE (1) DE3765402D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2017991B3 (en)
FR (1) FR2607235B1 (en)
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ZA (1) ZA878663B (en)

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DE3765402D1 (en) 1990-11-08
FR2607235B1 (en) 1990-02-16
JPS63153398A (en) 1988-06-25
ES2017991B3 (en) 1991-03-16
IN172043B (en) 1993-03-20
KR880006523A (en) 1988-07-23
US4960650A (en) 1990-10-02
ZA878663B (en) 1988-05-18
FR2607235A1 (en) 1988-05-27
EP0271739B1 (en) 1990-10-03

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