EP0270986B1 - Alkylsulfosuccinates based on propoxylated as well as propoxylated and ethoxylated fatty alcohols as collectors for non-sulfidic mineral flotation - Google Patents

Alkylsulfosuccinates based on propoxylated as well as propoxylated and ethoxylated fatty alcohols as collectors for non-sulfidic mineral flotation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0270986B1
EP0270986B1 EP87117785A EP87117785A EP0270986B1 EP 0270986 B1 EP0270986 B1 EP 0270986B1 EP 87117785 A EP87117785 A EP 87117785A EP 87117785 A EP87117785 A EP 87117785A EP 0270986 B1 EP0270986 B1 EP 0270986B1
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Prior art keywords
sulfosuccinates
propoxylated
alkyl
ore
alkenyl
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0270986A3 (en
EP0270986A2 (en
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Rita Köster
Wolfgang Dr. Von Rybinski
Uwe Dr. Ploog
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/001—Flotation agents
    • B03D1/004—Organic compounds
    • B03D1/012—Organic compounds containing sulfur
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/001—Flotation agents
    • B03D1/004—Organic compounds
    • B03D1/0043—Organic compounds modified so as to contain a polyether group
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
    • B03D2201/02—Collectors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
    • B03D2201/04—Frothers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; specified applications
    • B03D2203/02—Ores
    • B03D2203/04—Non-sulfide ores

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of alkyl and / or alkenyl (poly) alkylene glycol ether sulfosuccinates based on alkoxylated fatty alcohols as flotation collectors for non-sulfidic ores.
  • Non-sulfidic minerals for the purposes of the present invention are, for example, apatite, fluorite, scheelite and other salt-like minerals, cassiterite and other metal oxides, for example titanium and zirconium oxides, and certain silicates and aluminosilicates.
  • the ore is pre-crushed and dry, but preferably wet-ground and suspended in water.
  • collectors are usually added to the ores, which assist in separating the valuable minerals from the gangue components of the ore. After a certain exposure time, air is blown into the suspension (flotation). Doing so is on the surface the suspension creates a foam.
  • the collector ensures that the surface of the minerals is rendered hydrophobic so that it adheres to the gas bubbles formed during the aeration.
  • the valuable minerals of the ore should preferably adhere to the gas bubbles so that they are stripped off and processed in the form of a mineral-containing foam. It is the task of flotation to extract the valuable mineral in the highest possible yield and at the same time to achieve the best possible enrichment.
  • Anionic and cationic surfactants are mainly used as collectors in the flotative processing of non-sulfidic ores.
  • the collectors should adsorb as selectively as possible on the valuable mineral surface in order to achieve a high concentration in the flotation concentrate.
  • the collectors should develop a stable, but not too stable, flotation foam.
  • Alkyl sulfosuccinates are often used in the flotation of non-sulfidic ores (W. v. Rybinski, MJ Schwuger, "Avemrungstechnik", 26 (1985), page 632 and A. Doren, A. van Lierde and JA de Cuyper, Dev. Min. Proc. 2 (1979), pp. 86-109). In many cases, good flotation results can be achieved with these collectors. In some cases, however, known alkyl sulfosuccinates lead to an undesirably strong development of foam.
  • the present invention therefore relates to the use of alkyl and / or alkenyl (poly) alkylene glycol ether sulfosuccinates which contain one or two identical or different alkyl and / or alkenyl (poly) alkylene glycol ether residues based on propoxylated or propoxylated and ethoxylated, straight-chain or have branched fatty alcohols with a chain length of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, as flotation collectors for non-sulfidic ores.
  • alkyl and / or alkenyl (poly) alkylene glycol ether sulfosuccinates defined above, the abbreviation "sulfosuccinates" is predominantly used below.
  • the alkyl and / or alkenyl radicals of the propoxylated or propoxylated and ethoxylated fatty alcohols which can be used as the basis for the sulfosuccinates preferably have a chain length of 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the fatty alcohol component of the sulfosuccinates can consist of straight-chain and branched, saturated and unsaturated compounds of this category with 8 to 22 carbon atoms, for example n-octanol, n-decanol, n-dodecanol, n-tetradecanol, n-hexadecanol, n-octadecanol , n-eicosanol, n-docosanol, isotridecanol, isooctadecanol, n-hexadecenol and n-octadecenol.
  • the fatty alcohols mentioned can individually form the basis of the sulfosuccinates.
  • products based on fatty alcohol mixtures are used, these fatty alcohol mixtures being derived from the fatty acid component of fats and oils of animal or vegetable origin.
  • such fatty alcohol mixtures can be derived from native fats and oils, including win over the transesterification of the triglycerides with methanol and subsequent catalytic hydrogenation of the fatty acid methyl ester.
  • Both the fatty alcohol mixtures obtained in the production process and suitable fractions with a limited chain length spectrum can serve as the basis for the production of the sulfosuccinates.
  • fatty alcohol mixtures obtained from natural fats and oils synthetically obtained fatty alcohol mixtures, for example the known Ziegler and oxo fatty alcohols, are also suitable as starting materials for the production of the sulfosuccinates.
  • the alkyl or alkenyl (poly) alkylene ether glycol residues of the sulfosuccinates each contain at least one propylene glycol ether group.
  • Sulfosuccinates are preferably used whose alkyl or alkenyl (poly) alkylene ether glycol residues have 1 to 6 propylene oxide groups.
  • Addition products of m moles of ethylene oxide and n moles of propylene oxide with fatty alcohols can also be used for the production of the sulfosuccinates, where m and n each represent numbers from 1 to 15, the sum of m and n is 2 to 25 and the ratio of m: n is in the range of 1: 5 to 2: 1.
  • the sulfosuccinates to be used according to the invention can be prepared by known methods of organic synthesis (see, for example, BK Lindner: tensides, textile auxiliaries, washing raw materials, Volume 1, Stuttgat 1964, pages 747-748), for example by esterification of the specified fatty alcohol-propylene oxide or fatty alcohol-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide adducts with maleic acid or maleic anhydride and subsequent reaction with sodium sulfite.
  • the sulfosuccinates according to the present invention are added to the raw ore in an amount of 50 to 2,000 g / t.
  • the present invention further relates to a process for separating non-sulfidic ores from the gangue, in which ground ore is mixed with water to form a suspension, air is passed into the suspension in the presence of alkyl and / or alkenyl (poly) alkylene glycol ether sulfosuccinates and separates the resulting foam together with the mineral it contains.
  • the process according to the invention is characterized in that alkyl and / or alkenyl (poly) alkylene glycol ether sulfosuccinates, the one or two, identical or different alkyl and / or alkenyl (poly) alkylene glycol ether residues based on propoxylated or propoxylated and ethoxylated, straight-chain or branched fatty alcohols with a chain length of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, are used as collectors.
  • the process for separating non-sulfidic ores from the gangue is preferably carried out by using the sulfosuccinates in an amount of 50 to 2,000 g / t crude ore.
  • the sulfosuccinates for the purposes of the present invention are particularly suitable for working up Scheelite, Apatite or iron ore.
  • the sulfosuccinates can be present as full and half-esters of sulfosuccinic acid, the half-esters being used with preference.
  • the person skilled in the art is also aware that the full and half-sulfosuccinic acid esters in question are not used in the form of the free sulfonic acid, but rather as alkali metal and / or ammonium salts, sodium and ammonium salts and in particular mixtures of sodium and ammonium salts being preferred will.
  • alkyl and / or alkenyl (poly) alkylene glycol ether sulfosuccinates based on suitable propoxylated fatty alcohols is that when the sulfosuccinates according to the invention are used, improved collector properties become apparent in the raw ores mentioned.
  • the examples illustrate the more favorable foam properties and the improved collector action of the compounds according to the invention.
  • Example 4 A Scheelite ore from Austria with the following chemical composition, based on the main components, was used as the flotation task: WO3 0.3% CaO 8.8% SiO2 55.8% The ore sample had the following grain size distribution: 28% ⁇ 25 ⁇ m 43% 25-100 ⁇ m 29% 100-200 ⁇ m
  • a Na / NH4 salt of a sulfosuccinate based on an adduct of 2 moles of propylene oxide (2 PO) and 1 mole of a mixture of oleyl alcohol (C18; unsaturated) and cetyl alcohol (C16; saturated) was used as the inventive collector as the collector according to the invention used.
  • the flotation tests were carried out using a Humbold-Wedag laboratory flotation machine from KHD Industrieanlagen AG, Humbold-Wedag, Cologne (see Seifen-Fette-Wachsen 105 (1979), p. 248) in a 1 l flotation cell.
  • Deionized water was used to make the slurry.
  • the cloud density was 400 g / l.
  • Water glass with a dosage of 2,000 g / t was used as the pusher.
  • the conditioning time of the pusher was 10 minutes at a stirring speed of 2,000 l / min. It was floated at the pH value of approximately 9.5 resulting from the addition of water glass.
  • the type of collector dosage is shown in Table 2.
  • the conditioning time of the collector was 3 minutes.
  • the collector according to Example 4 achieves a significantly higher output of WO3 and a considerably better concentration in the concentrate than with the collector according to Comparative Example 3.
  • a Brazilian apatite ore was floated, which in addition to silicates also contained iron oxides as gangue minerals.
  • the ore had the following composition: approx. 21% P2O5 12% Fe2O3 26% SiO2
  • the grain size distribution of the task is: ⁇ 40 ⁇ m 21% 40 - 100 ⁇ m 38% 100 - 250 ⁇ m 35% > 250 ⁇ m 6%
  • a Na / NH4 salt of a sulfosuccinate based on an adduct of 2 moles of propylene oxide with 1 mole of oleyl cetyl alcohol in combination with tall oil fatty acid was used as the collector according to the invention.
  • the weight ratio of sulfosuccinate to tall oil fatty acid was 1: 1, in example 6 2: 1.
  • Comparative Example 4 a combination of a Na salt of an alkyl sulfosuccinate based on oleyl cetyl alcohol and tall oil fatty acid in a weight ratio of 2: 1 was used as the collector.
  • the collector consisted of a mixture of a Na / NH4 salt of an alkyl sulfosuccinate based on oleyl cetyl alcohol and tall oil fatty acid in a weight ratio of 1: 1.
  • the flotation tests were carried out in a laboratory flotation cell (model D-1 from Denver Equipment with a capacity of 1 liter) at room temperature. Tap water with a hardness of 16 ° dH was used to produce the slurry. The turbidity was 500 g / l and the pH was adjusted to 10.5 with sodium hydroxide solution before the collector was added.
  • the waste from iron ore processing with the following composition (main components) was floated: approx. 12% P2O5 36% SiO2 14% Fe2O3 15% CaO
  • the very rough flotation task had the following grain size distribution: ⁇ 25 ⁇ m 5% 25 - 100 ⁇ m 15% 200 - 500 ⁇ m 70% 500 - 1,000 ⁇ m 9% > 1 000 ⁇ m 1%
  • the collector consisted of a Na / NH4 salt of a sulfosuccinate based on an adduct of 1 mol of propylene oxide (1 PO) and 1 mol of oleyl cetyl alcohol.
  • Example 8 a Na / NH4 salt of a sulfosuccinate based on an adduct of 2 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of propylene oxide (2 EO + 1 PO) and 1 mole of oleyl cetyl alcohol was used as the collector.
  • the collector in Comparative Example 6 consisted of a Na / NH4 salt of a sulfosuccinate based on an adduct of 2 moles of ethylene oxide (2 EO) and 1 mole of oleyl cetyl alcohol.
  • the pH was adjusted to 9.5 with sodium hydroxide solution; pushers were not used.
  • the pre-concentrate was cleaned once.
  • the flotation results show (Table 4) that the compounds according to the invention based on fatty alcohol EO / PO adducts also offer advantages over known alkyl sulfosuccinates.
  • the apatite output increases with a reduced collector dosage.

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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von Alkyl-und/oder Alkenyl(poly)alkylenglykolethersulfosuccinaten auf der Basis von alkoxylierten Fettalkoholen als Flotationssammler für nichtsulfidische Erze.The invention relates to the use of alkyl and / or alkenyl (poly) alkylene glycol ether sulfosuccinates based on alkoxylated fatty alcohols as flotation collectors for non-sulfidic ores.

Für die Aufbereitung von mineralischen Rohstoffen ist die Flotation ein allgemein angewandtes Sortierverfahren, bei dem die Wertminerale von Gangartmineralen getrennt werden. Nichtsulfidische Minerale im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind beispielsweise Apatit, Fluorit, Scheelit und andere salzartige Mineralien, Cassiterit und andere Metalloxide, z.B. Titan- und Zirkonoxide, sowie bestimmte Silikate und Alumosilikate. Im allgemeinen wird das Erz vorzerkleinert und trocken, vorzugsweise aber naß vermahlen und in Wasser suspendiert. In Verbindung mit Schäumern und gegebenenfalls weiteren Hilfsreagenzien wie Reglern, Drückern (Desaktivatoren) und/oder Belebern (Aktivatoren) werden den Erzen normalerweise Sammler zugesetzt, die die Abtrennung der Wertminerale von den Gangartbestandteilen des Erzes unterstützen. Nach einer gewissen Einwirkungszeit wird in die Suspension Luft eingeblasen (Flotieren). Dabei wird an der Oberfläche der Suspension ein Schaum erzeugt. Der Sammler sorgt für eine Hydrophobierung der Oberfläche der Minerale, so daß ein Anhaften an den während der Belüftung gebildeten Gasblasen bewirkt wird. Die Wertminerale des Erzes sollen bevorzugt an den Gasblasen haften, so daß sie in Form eines mineralhaltigen Schaumes abgestreift und weiterverarbeitet werden. Es ist Aufgabe der Flotation, das Wertmineral in möglichst hoher Ausbeute zu gewinnen und gleichzeitig eine möglichst gute Anreicherung zu erreichen.For the processing of mineral raw materials, flotation is a generally used sorting process in which the valuable minerals are separated from gangue minerals. Non-sulfidic minerals for the purposes of the present invention are, for example, apatite, fluorite, scheelite and other salt-like minerals, cassiterite and other metal oxides, for example titanium and zirconium oxides, and certain silicates and aluminosilicates. In general, the ore is pre-crushed and dry, but preferably wet-ground and suspended in water. In connection with foaming agents and possibly other auxiliary reagents such as regulators, pushers (deactivators) and / or stimulants (activators), collectors are usually added to the ores, which assist in separating the valuable minerals from the gangue components of the ore. After a certain exposure time, air is blown into the suspension (flotation). Doing so is on the surface the suspension creates a foam. The collector ensures that the surface of the minerals is rendered hydrophobic so that it adheres to the gas bubbles formed during the aeration. The valuable minerals of the ore should preferably adhere to the gas bubbles so that they are stripped off and processed in the form of a mineral-containing foam. It is the task of flotation to extract the valuable mineral in the highest possible yield and at the same time to achieve the best possible enrichment.

Bei der flotativen Aufbereitung nichtsulfidischer Erze werden überwiegend anionische und kationische Tenside als Sammler eingesetzt. Die Sammler sollen an der Wertmineraloberfläche möglichst selektiv adsorbieren, um eine hohe Anreicherung im Flotationskonzentrat zu erzielen. Außerdem sollen die Sammler einen tragfähigen, aber nicht zu stabilen Flotationsschaum entwickeln.Anionic and cationic surfactants are mainly used as collectors in the flotative processing of non-sulfidic ores. The collectors should adsorb as selectively as possible on the valuable mineral surface in order to achieve a high concentration in the flotation concentrate. In addition, the collectors should develop a stable, but not too stable, flotation foam.

Alkylsulfosuccinate werden häufig bei der Flotation nichtsulfidischer Erze verwendet (W. v. Rybinski, M.J. Schwuger, "Aufbereitungstechnik", 26(1985), Seite 632 und A. Doren, A. van Lierde und J.A. de Cuyper, Dev. Min. Proc. 2 (1979), S. 86-109). Mit diesen Sammlern lassen sich in vielen Fällen gute Flotationsergebnisse erzielen. In manchen Fällen führen bekannte Alkylsulfosuccinate allerdings zu einer unerwünscht starken Schaumentwicklung.Alkyl sulfosuccinates are often used in the flotation of non-sulfidic ores (W. v. Rybinski, MJ Schwuger, "Aufbereitungstechnik", 26 (1985), page 632 and A. Doren, A. van Lierde and JA de Cuyper, Dev. Min. Proc. 2 (1979), pp. 86-109). In many cases, good flotation results can be achieved with these collectors. In some cases, however, known alkyl sulfosuccinates lead to an undesirably strong development of foam.

Die US-A-4 138 350 beschreibt Alkylpolyethylenglykolether-sulfosuccinate als Sammler in der Flotation. Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, daß die der Patentschrift zugrunde liegenden Alkylsulfosuccinate auf der Basis ethoxylierter Alkohole nicht in allen Fällen der Flotation günstige Schaumeigenschaften und eine gute Sammlerwirkung aufweisen.US-A-4 138 350 describes alkyl polyethylene glycol ether sulfosuccinates as flotation collectors. However, it has been shown that the alkyl sulfosuccinates on which the patent is based, based on ethoxylated alcohols, do not always exist in the case of flotation have favorable foam properties and a good collector effect.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist daher, Alkyl-und/oder Alkenyl(poly)alkylenglykolether-sulfosuccinate auf der Basis geeigneter alkoxylierter Fettalkohole bereitzustellen, die gegenüber den bekannten Alkyl- und Alkylpolyethylenglykolether-sulfosuccinaten verbesserte Sammlereigenschaften aufweisen und die insbesondere eine unerwünscht starke Schaumentwicklung vermeiden.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide alkyl and / or alkenyl (poly) alkylene glycol ether sulfosuccinates based on suitable alkoxylated fatty alcohols which have improved collector properties compared to the known alkyl and alkyl polyethylene glycol ether sulfosuccinates and which in particular avoid undesirably strong foaming.

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist daher die Verwendung von Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyl(poly)alkylenglycolether-sulfosuccinaten, die einen oder zwei gleiche oder ungleiche Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyl(poly)alkylenglykoletherreste auf der Basis propoxylierter oder propoxylierter und ethoxilierter, geradkettiger oder verzweigter Fettalkohole mit einer Kettenlänge von 8 bis 22 C-Atomen aufweisen, als Flotationssammler für nichtsulfidische Erze.The present invention therefore relates to the use of alkyl and / or alkenyl (poly) alkylene glycol ether sulfosuccinates which contain one or two identical or different alkyl and / or alkenyl (poly) alkylene glycol ether residues based on propoxylated or propoxylated and ethoxylated, straight-chain or have branched fatty alcohols with a chain length of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, as flotation collectors for non-sulfidic ores.

Für die oben definierten Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyl(poly)alkylenglykolether-sulfosuccinate wird im Folgenden überwiegend die Kurzbezeichnung "Sulfosuccinate" verwendet.For the alkyl and / or alkenyl (poly) alkylene glycol ether sulfosuccinates defined above, the abbreviation "sulfosuccinates" is predominantly used below.

Die Alkyl- und/oder Alkenylreste der propoxylierten oder propoxylierten und ethoxylierten Fettalkohole, die als Basis für die Sulfosuccinate in Betracht kommen, weisen bevorzugt eine Kettenlänge von 12 bis 18 C-Atomen auf.The alkyl and / or alkenyl radicals of the propoxylated or propoxylated and ethoxylated fatty alcohols which can be used as the basis for the sulfosuccinates preferably have a chain length of 12 to 18 carbon atoms.

Die Fettalkoholkomponente der Sulfosuccinate kann aus geradkettigen und verzweigten, gesättigten und ungesättigten Verbindungen dieser Kategorie mit 8 bis 22 C-Atomen bestehen, beispielsweise aus n-Octanol, n-Decanol, n-Dodecanol, n-Tetradecanol, n-Hexadecanol, n-Octadecanol, n-Eicosanol, n-Docosanol, Isotridecanol, Isooctadecanol, n-Hexadecenol und n-Octadecenol.The fatty alcohol component of the sulfosuccinates can consist of straight-chain and branched, saturated and unsaturated compounds of this category with 8 to 22 carbon atoms, for example n-octanol, n-decanol, n-dodecanol, n-tetradecanol, n-hexadecanol, n-octadecanol , n-eicosanol, n-docosanol, isotridecanol, isooctadecanol, n-hexadecenol and n-octadecenol.

Die genannten Fettalkohole können einzeln die Basis der Sulfosuccinate bilden. In der Regel werden jedoch Produkte auf der Basis von Fettalkoholgemischen eingesetzt, wobei diese Fettalkoholgemische aus dem Fettsäureanteil von Fetten und Ölen tierischen oder pflanzlichen Ursprungs herstammen. Solche Fettalkoholgemische lassen sich bekanntlich aus den nativen Fetten und Ölen, u.a. über die Umesterung der Triglyceride mit Methanol und nachfolgende katalytische Hydrierung der Fettsäuremethylester, gewinnen. Hier können sowohl die herstellungsmäßig anfallenden Fettalkoholgemische als auch geeignete Fraktionen mit einem begrenzten Kettenlängenspektrum als Basis für die Herstellung der Sulfosuccinate dienen. Neben den aus natürlichen Fetten und Ölen gewonnenen Fettalkoholgemischen sind auch synthetisch gewonnene Fettalkoholgemische, beispielsweise die bekannten Ziegler-und Oxofettalkohole, als Ausgangsmaterial für die Herstellung der Sulfosuccinate geeignet.The fatty alcohols mentioned can individually form the basis of the sulfosuccinates. As a rule, however, products based on fatty alcohol mixtures are used, these fatty alcohol mixtures being derived from the fatty acid component of fats and oils of animal or vegetable origin. As is known, such fatty alcohol mixtures can be derived from native fats and oils, including win over the transesterification of the triglycerides with methanol and subsequent catalytic hydrogenation of the fatty acid methyl ester. Both the fatty alcohol mixtures obtained in the production process and suitable fractions with a limited chain length spectrum can serve as the basis for the production of the sulfosuccinates. In addition to the fatty alcohol mixtures obtained from natural fats and oils, synthetically obtained fatty alcohol mixtures, for example the known Ziegler and oxo fatty alcohols, are also suitable as starting materials for the production of the sulfosuccinates.

Die Alkyl- oder Alkenyl(poly)alkylenetherglycolreste der Sulfosuccinate enthalten jeweils wenigstens eine Propylenglykolethergruppe. Bevorzugt werden Sulfosuccinate verwendet, deren Alkyl- oder Alkenyl(poly)alkylenetherglykolreste 1 bis 6 Propylenoxidgruppen aufweisen.The alkyl or alkenyl (poly) alkylene ether glycol residues of the sulfosuccinates each contain at least one propylene glycol ether group. Sulfosuccinates are preferably used whose alkyl or alkenyl (poly) alkylene ether glycol residues have 1 to 6 propylene oxide groups.

Für die Herstellung der Sulfosuccinate können auch Anlagerungsprodukte von m Mol Ethylenoxid und n Mol Propylenoxid an Fettalkohole eingesetzt werden, wobei m und n jeweils Zahlen von 1 bis 15 darstellen, die Summe von m und n 2 bis 25 beträgt und das Verhältnis von m : n im Bereich von 1 : 5 bis 2 : 1 liegt.Addition products of m moles of ethylene oxide and n moles of propylene oxide with fatty alcohols can also be used for the production of the sulfosuccinates, where m and n each represent numbers from 1 to 15, the sum of m and n is 2 to 25 and the ratio of m: n is in the range of 1: 5 to 2: 1.

Die erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Sulfosuccinate können nach bekannten Methoden der organischen Synthese (siehe z. B. K. Lindner: Tenside-Textilhilfsmittel-Waschrohstoffe, Band 1, Stuttgat 1964, Seiten 747-748), beispielsweise durch Veresterung der angegebenen Fettalkohol-Propylenoxid- oder Fettalkohol-Propylenoxid-Ethylenoxid-Addukte mit Maleinsäure oder Maleinsäureanhydrid und nachfolgende Umsetzung mit Natriumsulfit erhalten werden.The sulfosuccinates to be used according to the invention can be prepared by known methods of organic synthesis (see, for example, BK Lindner: tensides, textile auxiliaries, washing raw materials, Volume 1, Stuttgat 1964, pages 747-748), for example by esterification of the specified fatty alcohol-propylene oxide or fatty alcohol-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide adducts with maleic acid or maleic anhydride and subsequent reaction with sodium sulfite.

Zur Flotation von nichtsulfidischen Erzen werden die Sulfosuccinate gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung in einer Menge von 50 bis 2 000 g/t dem Roherz zugesetzt.For the flotation of non-sulfidic ores, the sulfosuccinates according to the present invention are added to the raw ore in an amount of 50 to 2,000 g / t.

Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Abtrennung von nichtsulfidischen Erzen von der Gangart, bei dem man gemahlenes Erz mit Wasser zu einer Suspension vermischt, in die Suspension in Gegenwart von Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyl(poly)alkylenglykolether-sulfosuccinaten Luft einleitet und den entstandenen Schaum zusammen mit dem darin enthaltenen Mineral abtrennt. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man Alkyl-und/oder Alkenyl(poly)alkylenglykolether-sulfosuccinate, die einen oder zwei, gleiche oder ungleiche Alkyl-und/oder Alkenyl(poly)alkylenglykoletherreste auf der Basis propoxylierter oder propoxylierter und ethoxylierter, geradkettiger oder verzweigter Fettalkohole mit einer Kettenlänge 8 bis 22 C-Atomen aufweisen, als Sammler einsetzt.The present invention further relates to a process for separating non-sulfidic ores from the gangue, in which ground ore is mixed with water to form a suspension, air is passed into the suspension in the presence of alkyl and / or alkenyl (poly) alkylene glycol ether sulfosuccinates and separates the resulting foam together with the mineral it contains. The process according to the invention is characterized in that alkyl and / or alkenyl (poly) alkylene glycol ether sulfosuccinates, the one or two, identical or different alkyl and / or alkenyl (poly) alkylene glycol ether residues based on propoxylated or propoxylated and ethoxylated, straight-chain or branched fatty alcohols with a chain length of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, are used as collectors.

Das Verfahren zur Abtrennung von nichtsulfidischen Erzen von der Gangart wird vorzugsweise dahingehend ausgeführt, daß man die Sulfosuccinate in einer Menge von 50 bis 2 000 g/t Roherz einsetzt.The process for separating non-sulfidic ores from the gangue is preferably carried out by using the sulfosuccinates in an amount of 50 to 2,000 g / t crude ore.

Die Sulfosuccinate im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind insbesondere geeignet zur Aufarbeitung von Scheelit-, Apatit- oder Eisenerz.The sulfosuccinates for the purposes of the present invention are particularly suitable for working up Scheelite, Apatite or iron ore.

Die Sulfosuccinate können als Sulfobernsteinsäurevollester und -halbester vorliegen, wobei die Halbester bevorzugt eingesetzt werden. Dem Fachmann ist überdies bekannt, daß die hier in Betracht kommenden Sulfobernsteinsäurevollester und -halbester nicht in der Form der freien Sulfonsäure, sondern als Alkalimetall-und/oder Ammoniumsalze eingesetzt werden, wobei Natrium- und Ammoniumsalze und insbesondere Gemische aus Natrium- und Ammoniumsalzen bevorzugt verwendet werden.The sulfosuccinates can be present as full and half-esters of sulfosuccinic acid, the half-esters being used with preference. The person skilled in the art is also aware that the full and half-sulfosuccinic acid esters in question are not used in the form of the free sulfonic acid, but rather as alkali metal and / or ammonium salts, sodium and ammonium salts and in particular mixtures of sodium and ammonium salts being preferred will.

Der Vorteil der Alkyl-und/oder Alkenyl(poly)alkylenglykolether-sulfosuccinate auf der Basis geeigneter propoxylierter Fettalkohole gegenüber den bekannten Alkyl- und Alkylpolyethylenglykolsulfosuccinaten besteht darin, daß bei der Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Sulfosuccinate verbesserte Sammlereigenschaften bei den genannten Roherzen zutage treten. In den Beispielen werden die günstigeren Schaumeigenschaften und die verbesserte Sammlerwirkung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen veranschaulicht.The advantage of the alkyl and / or alkenyl (poly) alkylene glycol ether sulfosuccinates based on suitable propoxylated fatty alcohols over the known alkyl and alkyl polyethylene glycol sulfosuccinates is that when the sulfosuccinates according to the invention are used, improved collector properties become apparent in the raw ores mentioned. The examples illustrate the more favorable foam properties and the improved collector action of the compounds according to the invention.

Die nachfolgenden Beispiele zeigen die Überlegenheit der erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Sammler.The following examples show the superiority of the collectors to be used according to the invention.

Unter Laborbedingungen wurde teilweise mit erhöhten Sammlerkonzentrationen gearbeitet, die in der Praxis erheblich unterschritten werden können. Die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und Anwendungsbedingungen sind daher nicht auf die in den Beispielen beschriebenen Trennaufgaben und Versuchsbedingungen beschränkt. Alle Prozentangaben sind, sofern nicht anders angegeben, auf Gewichtsprozent bezogen. Die Mengenangaben für Reagenzien beziehen sich jeweils auf Aktivsubstanz. Die in den nachfolgenden Beispielen angegebenen Alkylsulfosuccinate und Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyl(poly)alkylenglykolether-sulfosuccinate lagen jeweils als Salze von Sulfobernsteinsäurehalbestern vor.Under laboratory conditions, increased collector concentrations were sometimes used, which can be considerably undercut in practice. The possible uses and conditions of use are therefore not limited to the separation tasks and test conditions described in the examples. Unless otherwise stated, all percentages are based on weight percent. The amounts of reagents are based on the active substance. The alkyl sulfosuccinates and alkyl and / or alkenyl (poly) alkylene glycol ether sulfosuccinates given in the examples below were each present as salts of sulfosuccinic acid semiesters.

Beispiele 1 bis 3 und Vergleichsbeispiele 1 und 2 Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2

Im Lochscheibenschlagverfahren wurde die Schaumentwicklung von Alkyl-/Alkenyl(poly)alkylenglykolether-und Alkylsulfosuccinaten in Form ihrer Na- oder Na/NH₄-Salze unter Standardbedingungen bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse der Versuche sind in der Tabelle 1 zusammengefaßt. Es zeigt sich, daß die erfindungsgemäßen Sulfosuccinate auf der Basis von Fettalkohol-Propylenoxid- bzw. Fettalkohol-Ethylenoxid-Propylenoxid-Addukten weniger Schaum entwickelten als die Sulfosuccinattypen des Standes der Technik. Dies erweist sich für viele Flotationsprozesse als vorteilhaft.

Figure imgb0001
The foam development of alkyl / alkenyl (poly) alkylene glycol ether and alkyl sulfosuccinates in the form of their Na or Na / NH₄ salts was determined under standard conditions in the perforated disc impact method. The results of the tests are summarized in Table 1. It can be seen that the sulfosuccinates according to the invention based on fatty alcohol-propylene oxide or fatty alcohol-ethylene oxide-propylene oxide adducts developed less foam than the sulfosuccinate types of the prior art. This proves to be advantageous for many flotation processes.
Figure imgb0001

Beispiel 4 und Vergleichsbeispiel 3 Example 4 and Comparative Example 3

Als Flotationsaufgabe wurde ein Scheeliterz aus Österreich mit der nachstehenden chemischen Zusammensetzung, bezogen auf die Hauptbestandteile, eingesetzt:
WO₃      0,3 %
CaO      8,8 %
SiO₂      55,8 %
Die Erzprobe wies folgende Korngrößenverteilung auf:
28 %      < 25 µm
43 %      25 - 100 µm
29 %      100 - 200 µm
Im Beispiel 4 wurde als erfindungsgemäßer Sammler ein Na/NH₄-Salz eines Sulfosuccinats auf der Basis eines Anlagerungsproduktes von 2 Mol Propylenoxid (2 PO) an 1 Mol eines Gemisches aus Oleylalkohol (C₁₈; ungesättigt) und Cetylalkohol (C₁₆; gesättigt) als erfindungsgemäßer Sammler eingesetzt.A Scheelite ore from Austria with the following chemical composition, based on the main components, was used as the flotation task:
WO₃ 0.3%
CaO 8.8%
SiO₂ 55.8%
The ore sample had the following grain size distribution:
28% <25 µm
43% 25-100 µm
29% 100-200 µm
In Example 4, a Na / NH₄ salt of a sulfosuccinate based on an adduct of 2 moles of propylene oxide (2 PO) and 1 mole of a mixture of oleyl alcohol (C₁₈; unsaturated) and cetyl alcohol (C₁₆; saturated) was used as the inventive collector as the collector according to the invention used.

Im Vergleichsbeispiel 3 wurde das Na-Salz eines Alkylsulfosuccinates auf der Basis von Oleyl-Cetylalkohol als Sammler eingesetzt.In Comparative Example 3, the Na salt of an alkyl sulfosuccinate based on oleyl cetyl alcohol was used as a collector.

Die Flotationsversuche wurden mit einer Humbold-Wedag-Labor-Flotationsmaschine der Fa. KHD Industrieanlagen AG, Humbold-Wedag, Köln (s. Seifen-Fette-Wachse 105 (1979), S. 248) in einer 1 l-Flotationszelle durchgeführt. Zur Herstellung der Trübe wurde entionisiertes Wasser verwendet. Die Trübedichte betrug 400 g/l. Als Drücker wurde Wasserglas mit einer Dosierung von 2 000 g/t eingesetzt. Die Konditionierzeit des Drückers betrug 10 Minuten bei einer Rührgeschwindigkeit von 2 000 l/min. Es wurde bei dem sich aus der Wasserglaszugabe ergebenden pH-Wert von ca. 9,5 flotiert. Die Art der Sammlerdosierung ist aus der Tabelle 2 ersichtlich. Die Konditionierzeit des Sammlers lag bei 3 Minuten.The flotation tests were carried out using a Humbold-Wedag laboratory flotation machine from KHD Industrieanlagen AG, Humbold-Wedag, Cologne (see Seifen-Fette-Wachsen 105 (1979), p. 248) in a 1 l flotation cell. Deionized water was used to make the slurry. The cloud density was 400 g / l. Water glass with a dosage of 2,000 g / t was used as the pusher. The conditioning time of the pusher was 10 minutes at a stirring speed of 2,000 l / min. It was floated at the pH value of approximately 9.5 resulting from the addition of water glass. The type of collector dosage is shown in Table 2. The conditioning time of the collector was 3 minutes.

Wie aus Tabelle 2 zu ersehen ist, wird mit dem Sammler gemäß Beispiel 4 ein deutlich höheres Ausbringen an WO₃ sowie eine erheblich bessere Anreicherung im Konzentrat erzielt, als mit dem Sammler gemäß Vergleichsbeispiel 3.

Figure imgb0002
As can be seen from Table 2, the collector according to Example 4 achieves a significantly higher output of WO₃ and a considerably better concentration in the concentrate than with the collector according to Comparative Example 3.
Figure imgb0002

Beispiele 5 und 6 und Vergleichsbeispiele 4 und 5 Examples 5 and 6 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5

Flotiert wurde ein brasilianisches Apatit-Erz, das neben Silikaten auch Eisenoxide als Gangart-Minerale enthielt. Bezogen auf die Hauptbestandteile hatte das Erz folgende Zusammensetzung:
ca. 21 %      P₂O₅
12 %      Fe₂O₃
26 %      SiO₂
Die Korngrößenverteilung der Aufgabe ist:
< 40 µm      21 %
40 - 100 µm      38 %
100 - 250 µm      35 %
>250 µm 6 %
Als erfindungsgemäßer Sammler wurde ein Na/NH₄-Salz eines Sulfosuccinats auf der Basis eines Anlagerungsproduktes von 2 Mol Propylenoxid an 1 Mol Oleyl-Cetylalkohol in Kombination mit Tallölfettsäure eingesetzt. Im Beispiel 5 betrug das Gewichtsverhältnis Sulfosuccinat zu Tallölfettsäure 1 : 1, im Beispiel 6 2 : 1.A Brazilian apatite ore was floated, which in addition to silicates also contained iron oxides as gangue minerals. In relation to the main components, the ore had the following composition:
approx. 21% P₂O₅
12% Fe₂O₃
26% SiO₂
The grain size distribution of the task is:
<40 µm 21%
40 - 100 µm 38%
100 - 250 µm 35%
> 250 µm 6%
A Na / NH₄ salt of a sulfosuccinate based on an adduct of 2 moles of propylene oxide with 1 mole of oleyl cetyl alcohol in combination with tall oil fatty acid was used as the collector according to the invention. In example 5 the weight ratio of sulfosuccinate to tall oil fatty acid was 1: 1, in example 6 2: 1.

Im Vergleichsbeispiel 4 wurde als Sammler eine Kombination aus einem Na-Salz eines Alkylsulfosuccinates auf der Basis von Oleyl-Cetylalkohol und Tallölfettsäure im Gewichtsverhältnis 2 : 1 eingesetzt.In Comparative Example 4, a combination of a Na salt of an alkyl sulfosuccinate based on oleyl cetyl alcohol and tall oil fatty acid in a weight ratio of 2: 1 was used as the collector.

Im Vergleichsbeispiel 5 bestand der Sammler aus einem Gemisch aus einem Na/NH₄-Salz eines Alkylsulfosuccinats auf der Basis von Oleyl-Cetylalkohol und Tallölfettsäure im Gewichtsverhältnis 1 : 1.In comparative example 5, the collector consisted of a mixture of a Na / NH₄ salt of an alkyl sulfosuccinate based on oleyl cetyl alcohol and tall oil fatty acid in a weight ratio of 1: 1.

Die Flotationsversuche wurden in einer Laborflotationszelle (Modell D-1 der Fa. Denver Equipment mit einem Fassungsvermögen von 1 Liter) bei Raumtemperatur durchgeführt. Zur Herstellung der Trübe wurde Leitungswasser mit einer Härte von 16 °dH verwendet. Die Trübedichte betrug 500 g/l, der pH-Wert wurde vor der Sammlerzugabe mit Natronlauge auf pH 10,5 eingestellt.The flotation tests were carried out in a laboratory flotation cell (model D-1 from Denver Equipment with a capacity of 1 liter) at room temperature. Tap water with a hardness of 16 ° dH was used to produce the slurry. The turbidity was 500 g / l and the pH was adjusted to 10.5 with sodium hydroxide solution before the collector was added.

Nach der Vorflotation (Dauer 6 Minuten) wurde das Vorkonzentrat zweimal nachgereinigt. Flotiert wurde in allen Stufen bei 1 200 l/min. Als Drücker wurde Stärke mit einer Dosierung von 600 g/t eingesetzt.After the pre-flotation (6 minutes), the pre-concentrate was cleaned twice . Flotation was carried out at 1,200 l / min in all stages. Starch with a dosage of 600 g / t was used as the pusher.

Nach den Ergebnissen aus Tabelle 3 kann beim Austausch der Alkylsulfosuccinate (Vergleichsbeispiele 5 und 6) durch die erfindungsgemäße Verbindung gemäß Beispiel 5 und 6 eine erhebliche Reduzierung der Sammlerdosierung erreicht werden, ohne daß Ausbringen und Selektivität beeinträchtigt werden. Dieser Effekt wurde sowohl bei einer 1 : 1 wie auch bei einer 2 : 1 Abmischung der Sulfosuccinate mit Fettsäure gefunden.

Figure imgb0003
According to the results from Table 3, when the alkyl sulfosuccinates (comparative examples 5 and 6) are replaced by the compound according to the invention in accordance with examples 5 and 6, a considerable reduction in the dosage of the collector can be achieved without the yield and selectivity being impaired. This effect was found both with a 1: 1 and with a 2: 1 mixture of the sulfosuccinates with fatty acid.
Figure imgb0003

Beispiele 7 und 8 und Vergleichsbeispiel 6 Examples 7 and 8 and Comparative Example 6

Flotiert wurden die Abgänge einer Eisenerzaufbereitung folgender Zusammensetzung (Hauptbestandteile):
ca. 12 %      P₂O₅
36 %      SiO₂
14 %      Fe₂O₃
15 %      CaO
Die sehr grobe Flotationsaufgabe wies folgende Korngrößenverteilung auf:
< 25 µm      5 %
25 - 100 µm      15 %
200 - 500 µm      70 %
500 - 1 000 µm 9 %
> 1 000 µm 1 %
Im Beispiel 7 bestand der Sammler aus einem Na/NH₄-Salz eines Sulfosuccinats auf der Basis eines Anlagerungsproduktes von 1 Mol Propylenoxid (1 PO) an 1 Mol Oleyl-Cetylalkohol.The waste from iron ore processing with the following composition (main components) was floated:
approx. 12% P₂O₅
36% SiO₂
14% Fe₂O₃
15% CaO
The very rough flotation task had the following grain size distribution:
<25 µm 5%
25 - 100 µm 15%
200 - 500 µm 70%
500 - 1,000 µm 9%
> 1 000 µm 1%
In Example 7, the collector consisted of a Na / NH₄ salt of a sulfosuccinate based on an adduct of 1 mol of propylene oxide (1 PO) and 1 mol of oleyl cetyl alcohol.

Im Beispiel 8 wurde ein Na/NH₄-Salz eines Sulfosuccinats auf der Basis eines Anlagerungsproduktes von 2 Mol Ethylenoxid und 1 Mol Propylenoxid (2 EO + 1 PO) an 1 Mol Oleyl-Cetylalkohol als Sammler eingesetzt.In Example 8, a Na / NH₄ salt of a sulfosuccinate based on an adduct of 2 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of propylene oxide (2 EO + 1 PO) and 1 mole of oleyl cetyl alcohol was used as the collector.

Der Sammler im Vergleichsbeispiel 6 bestand aus einem Na/NH₄-Salz eines Sulfosuccinates auf der Basis eines Anlagerungsproduktes von 2 Mol Ethylenoxid (2 EO) an 1 Mol Oleyl-Cetylalkohol.The collector in Comparative Example 6 consisted of a Na / NH₄ salt of a sulfosuccinate based on an adduct of 2 moles of ethylene oxide (2 EO) and 1 mole of oleyl cetyl alcohol.

Die Flotationsversuche wurden in einer Laborflotationszelle, wie in Beispiel 5 beschrieben, durchgeführt.The flotation experiments were carried out in a laboratory flotation cell, as described in Example 5.

Der pH-Wert wurde mit Natronlauge auf 9,5 eingestellt, Drücker wurden nicht verwendet. Das Vorkonzentrat wurde einmal nachgereinigt.The pH was adjusted to 9.5 with sodium hydroxide solution; pushers were not used. The pre-concentrate was cleaned once.

Die Flotationsergebnisse zeigen (Tabelle 4), daß auch die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen auf Basis von Fettalkohol-EO/PO-Addukten Vorteile gegenüber bekannten Alkylsulfosuccinaten bieten. Das Apatit-Ausbringen steigt bei verminderter Sammlerdosierung.

Figure imgb0004
The flotation results show (Table 4) that the compounds according to the invention based on fatty alcohol EO / PO adducts also offer advantages over known alkyl sulfosuccinates. The apatite output increases with a reduced collector dosage.
Figure imgb0004

Claims (10)

  1. The use of alkyl and/or alkenyl(poly)alkylene glycol ether sulfosuccinates containing one or two identical or different alkyl and/or alkenyl(poly)alkylene glycol ether units based on propoxylated or propoxylated and ethoxylated, linear or branched fatty alcohols containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms as flotation collectors from non-sulfide ores.
  2. The use of sulfosuccinates as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the alkyl and/or alkenyl radicals of the propoxylated or propoxylated and ethoxylated fatty alcohols contain 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
  3. The use of sulfosuccinates as claimed in claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the alkyl and/or alkenyl(poly)alkylene glycol ether units of the sulfosuccinates contain 1 to 6 propylene oxide groups.
  4. The use of sulfosuccinates as claimed in claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the alkyl and/or alkenyl(poly)alkylene glycol ether units are based on adducts of m mol ethylene oxide and n mol propylene oxide with fatty alcohols containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, m and n each being numbers of 1 to 15, the sum of m and n being 2 to 25 and the ratio of m to n being from 1:5 to 2:1.
  5. The use of sulfosuccinates as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the corresponding cation is sodium and/or ammonium.
  6. The use of sulfosuccinates as claimed in claims 1 to 5, characterized in that they are used in quantities of 50 to 2,000 g/t crude ore.
  7. A process for the removal of non-sulfide ores by flotation, in which ground ore is mixed with water to form a suspension, air is introduced into the suspension in the presence of a collector and the froth formed is removed together with the mineral present therein, characterized in that sulfosuccinates of the type defined in claims 1 to 6 are used as collectors.
  8. A process as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the sulfosuccinates are used together with known collectors in the collector systems.
  9. A process as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that sulfosuccinates are used in quantities of 50 to 2,000 g/t crude ore.
  10. A process as claimed in claims 7 to 9, characterized in that scheelite ore, apatite ore or iron ore is used as the crude ore.
EP87117785A 1986-12-08 1987-12-02 Alkylsulfosuccinates based on propoxylated as well as propoxylated and ethoxylated fatty alcohols as collectors for non-sulfidic mineral flotation Expired - Lifetime EP0270986B1 (en)

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US5122290A (en) * 1989-07-29 1992-06-16 Fospur Limited Froth flotation of calcium borate minerals
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US5314073A (en) * 1993-05-03 1994-05-24 Eastman Kodak Company Phosphate flotation using sulfo-polyesters
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US4081363A (en) * 1975-05-29 1978-03-28 American Cyanamid Company Mineral beneficiation by froth flotation: use of alcohol ethoxylate partial esters of polycarboxylic acids
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US4138350A (en) * 1977-12-21 1979-02-06 American Cyanamid Company Collector combination for non-sulfide ores comprising a fatty acid and a sulfosuccinic acid monoester or salt thereof
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