EP0266387B1 - Bardage - Google Patents

Bardage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0266387B1
EP0266387B1 EP19870902610 EP87902610A EP0266387B1 EP 0266387 B1 EP0266387 B1 EP 0266387B1 EP 19870902610 EP19870902610 EP 19870902610 EP 87902610 A EP87902610 A EP 87902610A EP 0266387 B1 EP0266387 B1 EP 0266387B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transom
nose portion
pressure plate
panel
spigot
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19870902610
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0266387A1 (fr
Inventor
Howard Borley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CONSTRUCTION UTILITIES GROUP Ltd
Original Assignee
CONSTRUCTION UTILITIES GROUP Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CONSTRUCTION UTILITIES GROUP Ltd filed Critical CONSTRUCTION UTILITIES GROUP Ltd
Priority to AT87902610T priority Critical patent/ATE58568T1/de
Publication of EP0266387A1 publication Critical patent/EP0266387A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0266387B1 publication Critical patent/EP0266387B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
    • E06B7/14—Measures for draining-off condensed water or water leaking-in frame members for draining off condensation water, throats at the bottom of a sash
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/88—Curtain walls
    • E04B2/96—Curtain walls comprising panels attached to the structure through mullions or transoms
    • E04B2/965—Connections of mullions and transoms

Definitions

  • This invention relates to curtain walling.
  • This invention relates more particularly to curtain walling of the kind consisting of a framework of interconnected mullions and transoms supporting panels, which may for example be solid panels or glazed panels or windows.
  • the mullions and transoms usually consist of lengths, for example. of aluminium extrusion, each having a body portion and a nose portion projecting outwards from the body portion so as to support a panel positioned above the transom, the panel being held in place by a pressure plate releasably attached to the nose portion.
  • French published patent application FR-A-2 570 770 describes a framework of mullions and transoms each having a body portion and a nose portion. Each mullion is connected to each of the adjacent transoms by means of a connecting member fixed to the nose portion of the mullion and having lugs extending into recesses in the nose portion of the transom. A pressure plate is fixed to the nose portion of each mullion and transom through an elastomer block.
  • This invention consists in curtain walling comprising a framework of mullions and transoms adapted to support panels, each transom consisting of a body portion and a nose portion extending outwards from the body portion and positioned to receive the weight of the panel supported by the transom, each transom being connected to each adjacent mullion by means of a connecting member secured to the mullion and projecting laterally so as to engage and support the nose portion of the transom, a pressure plate being attached to the nose portion of each of the transoms and mullions in such a manner that peripheral portions of panels supported by the framework are clamped between the pressure plates and the body portions of the transoms and mullions, characterised in that the nose portion of each transom extends between the lower edge of the panel supported on the transom and the upper edge of the panel immediately below the nose portion of the transom, with spacings between the nose portion and the said janel edges, carriers being interposed between the upper surface of the nose portion and the said lower
  • the upper surface of the nose portion of each transom slopes downwards away from the body portion, so that water can drain off the upper surface, the pressure plate fixed to the transom having holes in its lower peripheral portion so that water can drain out of said cavity.
  • the lower peripheral portion of the pressure plate connected to the transom is shaped to form a channel to receive water draining from the nose portion of the transom, the face of the channel nearest the body portion of the transom being formed by an upwardly projecting wall on the pressure plate, the upper edges of the wall lying nearer the body portion than the outer edge of the nose portion, the holes in the pressure plate being formed in the channel.
  • each connecting member is a spigot of uniform cross-section shaped to fit into the recess.
  • each spigot is connected to the nose portion of the adjacent mullion by means of bolts or screws passing though openings extending the length of the spigot.
  • each spigot extends across a gap between the end of the nose portion of the transom and the nose portion of the adjacent mullion, and a dam block is positioned to cover the upper surface of the exposed portion of the spigot to prevent the passage of moisture through the gap.
  • each spigot slidably engages the nose portion of the adjacent transom to allow slight movement between the transom and the mullion to which it is connected, the spigot being provided with a friction-reducing plastics coating.
  • a gasket is interposed between the peripheral edges of each panel and the body portions of the adjacent transoms and mullions, each gasket comprising lengths of gasket material, each length extending along an edge of a panel, the lengths being welded or bonded to one another at each corner of the panel.
  • curtain walling comprises a network of mullions 10 and transoms 20, supporting panels which may be solid panels 12 or glazed panels 14.
  • the mullions 10 are adapted to be secured to the structural frame of the building in conventional manner.
  • each of the transoms 20 has a body portion 22 generally in the shape of a rectangular box-section, and a nose portion 24 projecting forwards from the body portion.
  • the nose portion 24 tapers in its vertical dimension from the rear to the front, having inclined upper and lower walls 26 and 28.
  • the upper wall 26 defines a sloping platform from which water can drain as described below.
  • the upper and lower walls are joined by a solid outer portion 30.
  • the internal cavity 32 can receive a spigot joining the transom to an adjacent mullion, as described below.
  • a pressure plate 40 is secured to the nose portion 24 of the transom 20 by means of screws 42 which pass through holes in the pressure plate and screw into the threaded grooves in the outer portion 30 of the nose.
  • the pressure plate 40 is spaced from the nose 24 by insulating bushes 44, to allow air to circulate between the pressure plate and the nose, and to act as a thermal break between the pressure plate and the transom.
  • the panels 12 and 14 adjacent the transom 20 are clamped between the pressure plate 40 and the body portion 22 of the transom.
  • Each panel is supported along its lower edge by a number of carriers 46, each consisting of a length of aluminium extrusion, spaced along the transom.
  • Each carrier 46 is shaped to lie against the sloping upper wall 26 of the nose portion 24 and to provide a horizontal surface on which the panel can rest.
  • a setting block 48 of suitable material can be interposed between the panel and the carrier 46.
  • a spacer 50 consisting of a length of extruded aluminium, is positioned between the panel 14 and the body 22 of the transom.
  • the spacer 50 is secured to the body 22 of the transom by any suitable means, such as interengaging elements on the spacer and transom which allow the spacer to be snap-fitted to the transom.
  • Sealing gaskets 52 and 156 are interposed between the panels and the body 22 of the transom and between the panels and the pressure plate 40, the gaskets being held in channels 54 formed in the pressure plate and in channels 56 in the body 22 of the transom or in the spacer 50.
  • the lower peripheral portion of the pressure plate 40 is shaped to form a channel 60 which can receive water draining from the nose portion 24.
  • the channel is defined by a wall 62 extending upwards from the lower wall 64 of the pressure plate.
  • the wall 62 extends upwards to an edge 66 which is close to, but spaced from, the lower edge 70 of the nose portion 24.
  • the edge 70 is formed with a downwardly directed beakto prevent water draining down the vertical face 72 of the nose portion from running onto the lower face of the nose portion.
  • the upper edge 66 of the wall 62 is spaced rearwards below the edge 70 of the nose and is bevelled to encourage water to drain into the channel 60.
  • the lower wall 64 of the pressure plate 40 is formed with drainage slots 74 to allow water to escape.
  • a decorative capping 76 fits snapwise over the pressure plate 40.
  • the part of the capping 76 lying against the lower wall 64 of the pressure plate is formed with drainage slots 78.
  • the design of the transom and pressure plate of the described embodiment ensures that any moisture which leaks between the glazed panel 14 and the pressure plate 40 or the body 22 of the transom, runs down the sloping platform provided by the upper wall 26 of the nose portion 24 and is directed into the channel 60, from which it can drain out through the slots 74 and 78.
  • the area above the top of the panel 12 is open to the atmosphere through the slots 74 and 78, so that entire cavity between the panels 12 and 14 and the transom and pressure plate is vented, allowing a free circulation of air to inhibit the build-up of moisture in the cavity.
  • each mullion 10 may be made from the same extruded section as the transoms 20. As shown in Figure 3, each mullion 10 has a body portion 122 and a nose portion 124. A pressure plate 140, similarly formed of the same extruded section as the pressure plate 40 for each transom, is secured to the nose 124 by means of screws 146, with the interposition of spacers 144. The vertical edges of the panels 12 and 14 are gripped between the pressure plate 140 and the body 122 of the mullion, with gaskets 156 interposed to inhibit leakage of water. A decorative capping 176 snaps over the pressure plate 140.
  • Each transom 20 is joined at each end to the adjacent mullions 10 by means of spigots 80.
  • Each spigot is a length of aluminium extrusion having a cross-section shaped so that the spigot fits closely into the internal cavity 32 of the nose portion 24 of the transom.
  • the spigot 80 is formed with two slots 82 which can receive the shanks of self-tapping screws 84 by means of which the spigot is fixed to the nose portion 124 of the mullion 10.
  • the face 86 of the spigot engaging the mullion is inclined so that the spigot extends in the same direction as the transom 20.
  • the transom can slide on the spigot, so that some movement can occur between the transoms and mullions to allow for thermal movement.
  • the spigots may have a coating of plastics to decrease friction between the spigot and transom.
  • each spigot 80 is positioned within the nose portion 24 of the transom, it is positioned directly beneath the panel which is supported by the transom. The weight of the panel is therefore transmitted through the transom to the adjacent mullions without any turning moment being exerted on the transom as is the case with conventional systems, in which the spigots are received in the body of the transom.
  • an additional spigot 88 may be positioned at each end of the transom 20, each spigot 88 being shaped to fit into the body 22 of the transom.
  • Similar spigots such as spigot 180 ( Figure 3) are used to connect the mullions at their lower ends to a cill bar and at their upper ends to brackets secured to the frame of the building and to join members of the system to one another.
  • the overall front-to-rear dimension of the nose portion 24 of the transom is about 60 mm, whilst the corresponding dimension of the body portion 22 is about 30 mm.
  • This latter dimension can be varied depending on the loading for which the curtain walling is designed.
  • the body portion 22 can be a plate provided with reinforcing ribs rather than a box structure.
  • the front-to-rear dimension of the body portion can be increased, for example up to 140 mm.
  • a gasket 90 for example of EPDM foam, is positioned between the end of the body 22 and the mullion
  • Each gasket 90 consists of a sheet of material, formed along its upper and lower edges with beads 92 which project over the upper and lower faces of the body 22 of the junction between the transom and mullion and also provide a decorative finish to the junction.
  • the gasket 90 is provided with holes to receive the mounting screws for the spigot.
  • each transom 20 engages the side face of the body 122 of the adjacent mullion 10, and a gap is therefore left between the end face of the nose portion 24 of the transom and the nose portion 124 of the mullion, this gap being bridged by the spigot 80.
  • a dam block 94 is positioned in the gap.
  • the dam block has a portion 96 shaped to fit over the upper face of the spigot 80.
  • the face 98 of the dam block adjacent the mullion is inclined so as to fit closely against the face of the nose portion 124 of the mullion.
  • dam block After insertion of the dam block, a mastic is applied to seal the joints between the dam block and the mullion and transom. The dam block is held in place by the pressure plate 40.
  • a similar dam block may be used at the bottom of each mullion to bridge the gap between the nose portion of the mullion and the cill.
  • the dam block may be of suitable plastics or rubber, or may be an aluminium extrusion.
  • each spigot 80 to a mullion 10 may in some circumstances be replaced by bolts arranged to pass through one spigot, through the nose portion 124 of the mullion to which the spigot is to be secured, and through the corresponding spigot on the other side of the nose portion, each bolt being secured by a nut engaging the corresponding spigot.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-section through an alternative form of spigot 180 specifically designed to receive bolts in the slots 182. Securing the spigots with bolts provides a stronger structure and is particularly useful where relatively large weights are to be supported. for example where each transom spans a relatively long distance between adjacent mullions.
  • FIGS. 6 to 8 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the invention suitable for use in lightweight structures.
  • the nose portion 224 of each transom 220 ( Figure 6) consists of a sloping upper wall 226, and a solid outer portion 230, but, unlike the previously described embodiment, it has no lower wall.
  • each mullion 310 ( Figure 7) consists of a single wall, extending at right angles to the body 322, and a solid outer portion 330.
  • the mullions and transoms are joined by cleats 380 each having two arms 382 and 384 at right angles to one another.
  • the vertical arm 382 of each cleat is secured to the nose portion 324 of a mullion 310 by suitable means, such as bolts or rivets 386.
  • Two cleats may be fixed back-to-back to each mullion, to support transoms on each side of the mullion.
  • the horizontal arm 384 of each cleat extends beneath the nose portion 226 of a transom 220 to support the transom.
  • the arm 384 is secured to the wall 224 by means of a screw 385.
  • the outer portion 230 and 330 of the transom 220 and mullion 310 are formed with screw grooves to receive screws 370 holding pressure plates 372 in position.
  • the pressure plates 372 act in the same way as those of the previously described embodiment, to clamp panels between the pressure plates and the body portions of the transoms and mullions, and may be constructed in the same way.
  • Figures 6 and 7 show alternative forms of pressure plates which do not require decorative cappings.
  • a central recess 374 in each pressure plate 372 may be closed by a decorative section 376 snap-fitted into the recess.
  • the body portion 322 of mullion 310 is fixed to an adaptor350 by means of which the mullion can be fixed to a structural member of the building, the adaptor being held by a clamp plate 352 bolted to the structural member.
  • the adaptor 350 could be formed in one with the body portion 322.
  • the body portions of the transoms and mullions could be formed with sections of different depths. as in the previously described embodiment.
  • the transoms and mullions are designed to receive carriers and setting blocks for the panels to be supported, and gaskets, as in the previously described embodiment.
  • each inner gasket 52 used to provide a seal between the bodies of the transoms and mullions and each panel 12 or 14 is a rectangular gasket prefabricated to fit around the four sides of the panel, as shown in Figures 9 and 10.
  • the gasket is formed from extruded lengths, for example of synthetic rubber, the lengths being cut to size and mitred to form the corners, which are welded or bonded by means of a suitable adhesive.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the gasket shown in Figure 6 is illustrative only and will vary to suit the requirements of each particular installation. The use of factory-made gaskets avoids the need to make corner joints in the gaskets on-site.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

Bardage comprenant une charpente de meneaux verticaux (10) et de meneaux horizontaux (20) supportant des panneaux pleins ou vitrés (12, 14). Chaque meneau horizontal (20) présente une partie-corps (22) et une partie-nez (24) saillantes qui supportent le panneau situé au-dessus du meneau horizontal. Chaque meneau horizontal (20) est assemblé avec le meneau vertical adjacent (10) à l'aide d'un élément de liaison (80, 380) fixé sur le meneau vertical et faisant saillie latéralement de manière à s'engager dans la partie-nez (24) du meneau horizontal (20). Cet élément de liaison peut être un ergot (80) conformé pour s'emboîter dans une cavité (32) ménagée dans la partie-nez (24). Grâce à l'engagement de l'élément de liaison dans la partie-nez plutôt que dans la partie-corps (22) du meneau horizontal, le poids du panneau est supporté sans qu'aucun couple de rotation ne s'exerce sur ledit meneau. La partie-nez (24) de chaque meneau horizontal (20) peut être relativement longue. Une plaque d'appui (40) reliée à chaque meneau horizontal (20) est destinée à assurer la ventilation de la cavité interne du bardage et à permettre le dégouttement de l'eau depuis l'intérieur de la cavité.

Claims (9)

1. Bardage comportant une ossature formée de meneaux (10) et de traverses (20), montés sur des panneaux de support (12, 14), chaque traverse (20) étant constituée par une partie formant corps (22) et une partie en forme de nez (24) qui s'étend vers l'extérieur à partir de la partie formant corps (22) et est positionnée de manière à recevoir le poids du panneau (14) supporté par la traverse (20), chaque traverse (20) étant raccordée à chaque meneau adjacent (10) au moyen d'un élément de raccordement (20) fixé au meneau (10) et faisant saillie latéralement de manière à s'appliquer contre et supporter la partie en forme de nez (24) de la traverse (20), une plaque de pression (40) étant fixée à la partie en forme de nez (24, 124) de chacune des traverses (20) et de chacun des meneaux (10) de telle sorte que des parties périphériques de panneaux (12,14) supportés par l'ossature sont serrées contre les plaques de pression (40) et contre les parties formant corps (22, 122) des traverses (20) et des meneaux (10), que la partie en forme de nez (24) de chaque traverse (2) s'étend entre le bord inférieur du panneau (14) supporté par la traverse (20) et le bord supérieur du panneau (12) situé directement au-dessous de la partie en forme de nez (24) de la traverse (20), caractérisé en ce que des espacements sont prévus entre la partie en forme de nez (24) et lesdits bords du panneau, les supports étant intercalés entre la surface supérieure (26) de la partie en forme de nez (24) et ledit bord inférieur du panneau (14) de telle sorte que de l'air peut circuler librement entre le panneau (14) et la partie en forme de nez (24), et en ce que la plaque de pression (40) est raccordée à la partie en forme de nez (24) de la traverse (20) de telle sorte que de l'air peut circuler entre la plaque de pression (40) et la partie en forme de nez (24), ce qui définit entre la traverse (20), la plaque de pression (40) et les bords des panneaux (14) serrés entre ces éléments, une cavité dans laquelle l'air peut circuler, librement, la plaque de pression (40) comportant des trous (74) permettant l'aération de la cavité et l'évacuation de l'eau à partir de cette dernière.
2. Bardage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la surface supérieure (26) de la partie en forme de nez (24) de chaque traverse (20) s'incline vers le bas en s'écartant de la partie formant corps (22) de sorte que l'eau peut s'évacuer de la surface supérieure (26), la plaque de pression (40) fixée à la traverse (20) comportant des trous dans sa partie périphérique inférieure de sorte que l'eau peut sortir de ladite cavité.
3. Bardage selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la partie périphérique intérieure de la plaque de pression (40) raccordée à la traverse (20) est conformée de manière à former un conduit (60) destiné à recevoir l'eau s'évacuant de la partie en forme de nez (24) de là traverse (20), la face du conduit la plus proche de la partie formant corps (22) de la traverse (20) comportant une paroi (62), qui fait saillie vers le haut, le bord supérieur (66) de la paroi (62) étant plus proche de la partie formant corps (22) que de la face extérieure (72) de la partie en forme de nez (24), et les trous (74) ménagés dans la plaque de pression (40) débouchant dans le conduit (60).
4. Bardage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie en forme de nez (24) de la traverse (20) est conformée de manière à définir un renfoncement (32), et chaque élément de raccordement est un manchon (80) possédant une section transversale uniforme et destiné à être inséré dans le renfoncement (32) de la partie en forme de nez (24).
5. Bardage selon la revendication 3, dans lequel chaque manchon (80) est fixé à la partie en forme de nez (124) du meneau adjacent (10) au moyen de boulons ou vis (84) traversant les ouvertures (82) s'étendant sur la longueur du manchon (80).
6. Bardage selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que chaque manchon (80) s'étend en travers d'un intervalle présent entre l'extrémité de la partie en forme de nez (24) de la traverse (20) et la partie en forme de nez (124) du meneau adjacent (10), et un bloc de retenue (94) est positionné de manière à recouvrir la surface supérieure de la partie à nu du manchon (80) de manière à empêcher le passage de l'humidité dans l'intervalle.
7. Bardage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que chaque manchon (80) s'engage, avec possibilité de glissement, dans la partie en forme de nez (24) de la traverse adjacente (20) de manière à permettre un glissement entre la traverse (20) et le meneau (10), auquel elle est raccordée, le manchon (80) comportant un revêtement en matière plastique réduisant le frottement.
8. Bardage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une garniture d'étanchéité (52) est intercalée entre les bords périphériques de chaque panneau (12, 14) et les parties formant corps (22,122) des traverses adjacentes (20) et des meneaux adjacents (10), chaque garniture d'étanchéité (52) comportant des éléments de longueur d'un matériau d'étanchéité, dont chacun s'étend le long d'un bord d'un panneau (12, 14), les éléments de longueur étant fixés entre eux par soudage ou collage au niveau de chaque angle du panneau.
9. Bardage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel une garniture d'étanchéité (90) est disposée entre la partie formant corps (122) de chaque meneau (10) et la partie formant corps (22) de chaque traverse adjacente (20).
EP19870902610 1986-04-15 1987-04-15 Bardage Expired EP0266387B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87902610T ATE58568T1 (de) 1986-04-15 1987-04-15 Vorhaengewand.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8609171 1986-04-15
GB868609171A GB8609171D0 (en) 1986-04-15 1986-04-15 Curtain walling

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0266387A1 EP0266387A1 (fr) 1988-05-11
EP0266387B1 true EP0266387B1 (fr) 1990-11-22

Family

ID=10596220

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19870902610 Expired EP0266387B1 (fr) 1986-04-15 1987-04-15 Bardage

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0266387B1 (fr)
DK (1) DK164958C (fr)
FI (1) FI87385C (fr)
GB (1) GB8609171D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1987006291A1 (fr)

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CN101914963A (zh) * 2010-08-25 2010-12-15 湖北凌志装饰工程有限公司 幕墙立柱横梁连接结构
CN106013552A (zh) * 2016-06-29 2016-10-12 上海玻机智能幕墙股份有限公司 一种基于钢铝套芯和定位角码的节能型幕墙
CN113756485B (zh) * 2021-08-12 2023-01-13 江苏协和装饰工程有限公司 木结构玻璃幕墙的连接方法
CN114135195B (zh) * 2021-12-01 2023-06-30 湖南省建筑设计院集团有限公司 模块化立面窗、联合型遮阳通风结构及其智能化设计方法

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GB2133449B (en) * 1983-01-13 1986-03-26 Neolok Technical Services Limi Panel mounting system
GB2143558B (en) * 1983-06-28 1987-10-28 Pearce & Cutler Limited Curtain walling system
FR2570770B1 (fr) * 1984-09-26 1987-01-09 Alcan Aluminium France Procede d'assemblage et piece de liaison d'elements profiles transversaux, tels que des traverses et montants d'une structure d'encadrement

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DK164958C (da) 1993-02-15
GB8609171D0 (en) 1986-05-21
FI875474A0 (fi) 1987-12-14
FI87385C (fi) 1992-12-28
FI87385B (fi) 1992-09-15
DK164958B (da) 1992-09-21
DK654387D0 (da) 1987-12-14
EP0266387A1 (fr) 1988-05-11
WO1987006291A1 (fr) 1987-10-22
DK654387A (da) 1987-12-14
FI875474A (fi) 1987-12-14

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