EP0262315B1 - Apparatus for the incineration of waste - Google Patents

Apparatus for the incineration of waste Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0262315B1
EP0262315B1 EP87109951A EP87109951A EP0262315B1 EP 0262315 B1 EP0262315 B1 EP 0262315B1 EP 87109951 A EP87109951 A EP 87109951A EP 87109951 A EP87109951 A EP 87109951A EP 0262315 B1 EP0262315 B1 EP 0262315B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
drum
combustion
pyrolysis
waste
gas outlet
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EP87109951A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0262315A3 (en
EP0262315A2 (en
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Andreas Dipl.-Ing. Maksymowicz
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Friedrich Maurer Soehne GmbH and Co KG
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Friedrich Maurer Soehne GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to AT87109951T priority Critical patent/ATE52604T1/en
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Publication of EP0262315A3 publication Critical patent/EP0262315A3/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0273Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rotary kiln for degassing and incineration of waste, the degassing being carried out in a pyrolysis drum which has a loading opening for the waste to which a carbonization gas outlet is connected, and the ashing is carried out in a rotatably mounted combustion drum which is one at the end of the loading Flue gas extraction and a burner at the discharge end for the ashes.
  • the pyrolysis drum, in which the waste is carbonized to produce carbonization gas, is indirectly heated.
  • Such a rotary kiln is known from DE-C 347 829.
  • the known rotary kiln has a pyrolysis drum and a combustion drum, which are spatially separated from one another.
  • the pyrolysis drum runs with its central section through a heating train, through which the combustion exhaust gas leaving the combustion drum flows.
  • the well-known rotary kiln has i.a. the disadvantage that the pyrolysis drum must be sealed against two fixed heads, which is only possible with great technical effort because of the thermal expansion of the pyrolysis drum. Furthermore, the discharge of the smoldering coke from the pyrolysis drum, which is controlled by a rotary slide valve, is complex and prone to failure. Finally, the broken down arrangement of the individual assemblies leads to high heat losses; Due to the high heat losses, the known system works with poor thermal efficiency. It also takes up a lot of space.
  • the invention has for its object to reduce the structural complexity and susceptibility to malfunction and to improve the thermal efficiency in a rotary kiln of the type mentioned; in particular, the heat losses are to be reduced.
  • the indirect heating of the pyrolysis drum takes place in the rotary kiln according to the invention in that the annular space between the combustion drum and the pyrolysis drum is connected to the flue gas outlet.
  • the polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon content of which is higher than the usual trace content of these substances in household waste or waste similar to household waste a minimum temperature of 1200 ° C is required in the afterburning chamber.
  • the rotary kiln according to the invention Compared to the smoldering process known from DE-3 347 554 C2, the rotary kiln according to the invention ensures a use of the smoldering gases independent of external consumers and a high energy yield of the waste; Compared to the rotary kiln known from DE-A 2 433 676, the rotary kiln according to the invention enables the processing of high-energy waste with temperatures which make a refractory lining of the rotary kiln unnecessary.
  • waste with a high energy content such as oil sludge.
  • the composition of the waste should expediently be checked and kept as constant as possible, mixtures of comminuted waste and sewage or industrial sludge also being suitable. It is important for the ashing to keep the moisture content of the sludge, the solids content of the waste mixture and the maximum particle size of the solids content within specified limits.
  • combustion drum is fixedly connected in its section forming the combustion chamber to an outer drum enveloping it, and that the annular space formed between the latter and the combustion drum is connected to the discharge end.
  • the ashes are strongly cooled, i.e. H. their energy content is used to save burner energy for the combustion chamber.
  • this cover expediently contains the burner opening and at the same time forms the end wall for the discharge-side closure of the combustion drum.
  • the rotary kiln shown in Fig. 1 is essentially made up of mostly cylindrical parts symmetrical with respect to the cutting plane. It essentially consists of a rotatably mounted combustion drum (1) and a pyrolysis drum (2) arranged in the interior thereof and connected to it in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • a loading device (3) is passed through the left end of the two drums in the drawing, through which the waste to be incinerated enters the pyrolysis drum (2).
  • the pyrolysis drum (2) has in its left end a loading opening (4) through which a trunk (5) of the loading device (3) passes.
  • both drums are sealed on the loading side against fixed wall parts, which are connected to separate fume cupboards for the flue gas from the combustion drum (1) and for the carbonization gas from the pyrolysis drum (2).
  • the combustion drum (1) connects to a flue gas outlet chamber (6) with a flue gas outlet (7);
  • the pyrolysis drum (2) connects to a carbonization gas outlet chamber (8) with carbonization gas discharge (9).
  • the gas temperature is about 550 ° C, while it is still lower in the smoldering gas discharge (9).
  • Throttle valves (10) for controlling the gas flow are provided in both gas vents.
  • the pyrolysis drum (2) is non-rotatably connected to the combustion drum (1) at several points along its circumference by means of rigid bolts (11). At the inner end of the pyrolysis drum (2) it is connected to the inner surface of the combustion drum (1) via a conical wall (12). The conical wall (12) is in the area ending on it Flue gas channels (13) open. A total of four flue gas ducts (13), as shown in FIG. 2, are arranged in a stem or cross shape and connected to a common central inlet connection (14). Between the flue gas ducts (13) and radially inside the wall (12), the pyrolysis drum (2) is open to the combustion chamber (15) of the combustion chamber (1) adjoining on the right. This opening is shown in Fig. 2 by four reduced quadrants (16). In Fig. 2, the inflow connector (14) is drawn in its front view; inside it contains inlet openings (17) to the individual flue gas ducts (13).
  • the waste to be incinerated reaches the inside of the pyrolysis drum (2) via the loading device (3) and is transported there from left to right by means of a conveyor device consisting of helically running ribs (18) fastened to the inner wall of the pyrolysis drum, provided that the drum is rotated according to arrow (P).
  • a conveyor device consisting of helically running ribs (18) fastened to the inner wall of the pyrolysis drum, provided that the drum is rotated according to arrow (P).
  • P helically running ribs
  • the remaining combustible components of the pyrolysis coke are burned with the aid of a burner (19) which is arranged adjacent to the discharge end of the combustion drum (1).
  • the combustion drum (1) is open at its discharge end; the closure to the outside is effected by an outer drum (20), which is non-rotatably connected to the combustion drum (1) to form an annular space (21) between the latter.
  • a burner opening for receiving the burner (19) is provided in a front cover (22) of the outer drum (20) adjacent to the discharge end of the combustion drum (1).
  • the pyrolysis coke is conveyed in the direction of the discharge end for the ash by means of screw-shaped ribs (23) attached to the inside of the combustion drum (1).
  • the ash enters the annular space (21) between the outer drum (20) and the combustion drum (1) through the discharge opening (24) at the right end of the combustion drum (1), migrates there to the left and leaves the through the open end of the outer drum (20) Rotary kiln.
  • the hot ash still gives off its thermal energy to the combustion drum in the area of the combustion chamber (15).
  • FIG. 2 shows the pyrolysis coke (25) according to the cut 11-11 of FIG. 1, the line (26) above the cut area representing the outline of the pyrolysis coke bed in the transition area between the pyrolysis drum (2) and the combustion chamber (15) .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

1. Cylindrical rotary furnace for the degasification and incineration of waste material, the degasification taking place in a pyrolysis drum, which comprises a feed opening for the waste material, to which a low-temperature carbonisation gas outlet is connected and the incineration taking place in a combustion drum mounted in a rotary manner, which at the feed end comprises a waste gas outlet and at the discharge end for the ashes comprises a burner, characterised in that a) the pyrolysis drum (2) is located inside the combustion drum (1) and connected thereto in a non-rotary manner, which drum forms an annular chamber (27) between itself and the combustion drum and which, starting from the feed end, extends in the direction of the discharge end over a partial length of the combustion drum (1), b) at its end projecting into the combustion drum (1), the pyrolysis drum (2) comprises a discharge opening (16) for low-temperature coke formed from the waste material, which is burnt to ashes in the adjoining combustion chamber (15) of the combustion drum (1), and c) the annular chamber (27) between the combustion drum (1) and the pyrolysis drum (2) is connected to the waste gas outlet (7).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Drehrohrofen zur Entgasung und Veraschung von Abfällen, wobei die Entgasung in einer Pyrolysetrommel erfolgt, die eine Beschickungsöffnung für die Abfälle aufweist, an welche ein Schwelgasabzug angeschlossen ist, und wobei die Veraschung in einer drehbar gelagerten Verbrennungstrommel erfolgt, welche am Beschickungsende einen Rauchgasabzug und am Austragsende für die Asche einen Brenner aufweist. Dabei ist die Pyrolysetrommel, in welcher die Abfälle unter Erzeugung von Schwelgas zu Schwelkoks verschwelt werden, indirekt beheizt.The invention relates to a rotary kiln for degassing and incineration of waste, the degassing being carried out in a pyrolysis drum which has a loading opening for the waste to which a carbonization gas outlet is connected, and the ashing is carried out in a rotatably mounted combustion drum which is one at the end of the loading Flue gas extraction and a burner at the discharge end for the ashes. The pyrolysis drum, in which the waste is carbonized to produce carbonization gas, is indirectly heated.

Ein derartiger Drehrohrofen ist aus der DE-C 347 829 bekannt. Der bekannte Drehrohrofen verfügt über eine Pyrolysetrommel und eine Verbrennungstrommel, welche voneinander räumlich getrennt sind. Die Pyrolysetrommel verläuft dabei mit ihrem mittleren Abschnitt durch einen Heizzug, welcher von dem die Verbrennungstrommel verlassende Verbrennungsabgas durchströmt wird.Such a rotary kiln is known from DE-C 347 829. The known rotary kiln has a pyrolysis drum and a combustion drum, which are spatially separated from one another. The pyrolysis drum runs with its central section through a heating train, through which the combustion exhaust gas leaving the combustion drum flows.

Der bekannte Drehrohrofen besitzt u.a. den Nachteil, daß die Pyrolysetrommel gegen zwei feststehende Köpfe abgedichtet werden muß, was wegen der Wärmeausdehnung der Pyrolysetrommel nur mit großem technischen Aufwand möglich ist. Ferner ist der durch einen Drehschieber gesteuerte Austrag des Schwelkokes aus der Pyrolysetrommel aufwendig und störanfällig. Schließlich führt die aufgegliederte Anordnung der einzelnen Baugruppen zu hohen Wärmeverlusten; infolge der hohen Wärmeverluste arbeitet die bekannte Anlage mit einem schlechten thermischen Wirkungsgrad. Sie hat darüber hinaus einen hohen Raumbedarf.The well-known rotary kiln has i.a. the disadvantage that the pyrolysis drum must be sealed against two fixed heads, which is only possible with great technical effort because of the thermal expansion of the pyrolysis drum. Furthermore, the discharge of the smoldering coke from the pyrolysis drum, which is controlled by a rotary slide valve, is complex and prone to failure. Finally, the broken down arrangement of the individual assemblies leads to high heat losses; Due to the high heat losses, the known system works with poor thermal efficiency. It also takes up a lot of space.

Bei einen bekannten Verschwelungsverfahren (DE-3 347 554 C2) wird das Schwelgas einem Gaswandler unter Zufuhr von Luft und in Gegenwart eines glühenden Kohlebettes zugeleitet und für die Weiterverwendung in einem Gasmotor zu Brenngas zerlegt. Eine derartige Maßnahme ist nur dann von Nutzen, wenn durch den Betrieb eines Gasmotors im näheren Umfeld der Pyrolyseanlage wirtschaftlich sinnvolle Arbeit geleistet werden kann.In a known carbonization process (DE-3 347 554 C2), the carbonization gas is fed to a gas converter with the supply of air and in the presence of a glowing carbon bed and is broken down into fuel gas for further use in a gas engine. Such a measure is only useful if, by operating a gas engine in the vicinity of the pyrolysis plant, economically sensible work can be done.

Bei einem bekannten Drehrohrofen (DE-A 2 433 676) mit einer um eine waagerechte Achse drehbar gelagerten Verbrennungstrommel, die am Beschickungsende einen Rauchabzug und am Austragsende für die Asche einen Brenner aufweist, wird zwar die angestrebte Veraschung der Abfälle erzielt, wobei die Wärme der Asche auf indirekte Weise der Verbrennungstrommel wieder zugeführt wird; bei Abfällen mit hohem Energiegehalt, z. B. bei Verbrennung von Ölschlämmen kommt es jedoch leicht zu einer Überhitzung des bekannten Drehrohrofens, welcher keine feuerfeste Auskleidung besitzt.In a known rotary kiln (DE-A 2 433 676) with a combustion drum rotatably mounted about a horizontal axis, which has a smoke exhaust at the loading end and a burner at the discharge end for the ashes, the desired incineration of the waste is achieved, the heat of the Ash is fed back to the combustion drum in an indirect manner; for waste with high energy content, e.g. B. when burning oil sludge, however, it easily overheats the known rotary kiln, which has no refractory lining.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem Drehrohrofen der eingangs genannten Art den baulichen Aufwand und die Störanfälligkeit zu verringern und den thermischen Wirkungsgrad zu verbessem; insbesondere sollen dabei die Wärmeverluste reduziert werden.The invention has for its object to reduce the structural complexity and susceptibility to malfunction and to improve the thermal efficiency in a rotary kiln of the type mentioned; in particular, the heat losses are to be reduced.

Diese Aufgabe wird nach dem Vorschlag der Erfindung bei einem gattungsgemäßen Drehrohrofen dadurch gelöst, daß im Inneren der Verbrennungstrommel mit dieser drehfest verbunden, die Pyrolysetrommel angeordnet ist, die zwischen sich und der Verbrennungstrommel einen Ringraum bildet und die sich, ausgehend vom Beschickungsende, in Richtung Austragsende über eine Teillänge der Verbrennungstrommel erstreckt, daß die Pyrolysetrommel in ihrem in die Verbrennungstrommel ragenden Ende eine Austragsöffnung für aus den Abfällen gebildeten Schwelkoks aufweist, der im anschlie- βenden Verbrennungsraum der Verbrennungstrommel zu Asche verbrannt wird, und daß der Ringraum zwischen der Verbrennungstrommel und der Pyrolysetrommel an den Rauchgasabzug angeschlossen ist.This object is achieved according to the proposal of the invention in a generic rotary kiln in that inside the combustion drum rotatably connected to this, the pyrolysis drum is arranged, which forms an annular space between itself and the combustion drum and which, starting from the loading end, towards the discharge end extends over a partial length of the combustion drum that the pyrolysis drum in its end protruding into the combustion drum has a discharge opening for smoked coke formed from the waste, which is burned to ashes in the subsequent combustion chamber of the combustion drum, and that the annular space between the combustion drum and the pyrolysis drum is connected to the flue gas outlet.

Die indirekte Beheizung der Pyrolysetrommel erfolgt bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Drehrohrofen demnach dadurch, daß der Ringraum zwischen der Verbrennungstrommel und der Pyrolysetrommel an den Rauchgasabzug angeschlossen ist.The indirect heating of the pyrolysis drum takes place in the rotary kiln according to the invention in that the annular space between the combustion drum and the pyrolysis drum is connected to the flue gas outlet.

Bei der Veraschung mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Drehrohrofen ist nicht nur die hohe Abkühlungsrate der mit etwa 750°C erzeugten Rauchgase durch den Wärmeaustausch mit der Pyrolysetrommel vorteilhaft, wobei die Rauchgase auf eine Temperatur von etwa 550°C herabgekühlt werden, bevor sie den Drehrohrofen verlassen; besonders vorteilhaft ist die Ausnutzung des Energiegehalts im Schwelgas zum Aufheizen der nach der sog. TA-Luft bei der Verbrennung von Abfällen vorgeschriebenen Nachbrennkammer. Nach dieser Vorschrift muß in der Nachbrennkammer die Temperatur hinter der letzten Verbrennungsluftzuführung 800°C betragen. Werden Abfälle verbrannt, deren Gehalte an polychlorierten aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen über den bei Hausmüll oder hausmüllähnlichen Abfällen üblichen Spurengehalten dieser Stoffe liegen, ist in der Nachbrennkammer eine Mindesttemperatur von 1200°C erforderlich. Durch das Einleiten der Schwelgase in die Nachbrennkammer wird eine maximale Energieausnutzung dadurch ermöglicht, daß die Brennerenergie der Nachbrennkammer entsprechend reduziert wird, was lediglich voraussetzt, daß die durch die Verbrennung des Schwelgases in der Nachbrennkammer erzeugte Energie mit der Brennerenergie abgestimmt wird, so daß sich die Einschaltphasen des Brenners entsprechend verkürzen.In the ashing with the rotary kiln according to the invention, not only the high cooling rate of the flue gases generated at approximately 750 ° C is advantageous due to the heat exchange with the pyrolysis drum, the flue gases being cooled to a temperature of approximately 550 ° C before they leave the rotary kiln; It is particularly advantageous to use the energy content in the carbonization gas to heat the post-combustion chamber prescribed by the so-called TA-Luft for the incineration of waste. According to this regulation, the temperature in the afterburner must be 800 ° C after the last combustion air supply. If waste is incinerated, the polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon content of which is higher than the usual trace content of these substances in household waste or waste similar to household waste, a minimum temperature of 1200 ° C is required in the afterburning chamber. By introducing the carbonization gases into the afterburning chamber, maximum energy utilization is made possible by the fact that the burner energy of the afterburning chamber is reduced accordingly, which only presupposes that the energy generated by the combustion of the carbonization gas in the afterburning chamber is coordinated with the burner energy, so that the Shorten burner start-up phases accordingly.

Somit gelingt es mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Drehrohrofen, einen weiteren Schritt in Richtung einer wünschenswerten autarken Führung derartiger Verbrennungsanlagen durchzuführen. Gegenüber dem aus der DE-3 347 554 C2 bekannten Schwelverfahren gewährleistet der erfindungsgemäße Drehrohrofen eine von äußeren Verbrauchern unabhängige Nutzanwendung für die Schwelgase und eine hohe Energieausbeute der Abfälle; gegenüber dem aus der DE-A 2 433 676 bekannten Drehrohrofen ermöglicht der erfindungsgemäße Drehrohrofen die Verarbeitung energiereicher Abfälle mit Temperaturen, die eine feuerfeste Auskleidung des Drehrohrofens entbehrlich machen.It is thus possible with the rotary kiln according to the invention to carry out a further step in the direction of a desirable self-sufficient guidance of such combustion plants. Compared to the smoldering process known from DE-3 347 554 C2, the rotary kiln according to the invention ensures a use of the smoldering gases independent of external consumers and a high energy yield of the waste; Compared to the rotary kiln known from DE-A 2 433 676, the rotary kiln according to the invention enables the processing of high-energy waste with temperatures which make a refractory lining of the rotary kiln unnecessary.

Da in der Pyrolysetrommel, in welcher die Abfälle bei Sauerstoffmangel verschwelt werden, endotherme Zustandsveränderungen erfolgen, können die Rauchgase des Verbrennungsraums, die dort eine Temperatur von etwa 750°C aufweisen, bis zum Erreichen des Rauchgasabzugs durch den Wärmeaustausch mit der Pyrolysetrommel auf etwa 550°C herabgekühlt werden. Diese Temperaturen bedeuten, daß eine feuerfeste Auskleidung der Verbrennungstrommel und der Pyrolysetrommel entbehrlich ist. Dies gilt auch für die Verbrennung von ÖIschlämmen mit hohem Energiegehalt. Bei deren Verbrennung entstehen in dem bekannten Drehrohrofen (DE-A 2 433 676) ohne vorgeschaltete Pyrolyse Temperaturen bis über 800°C. Bei derartigen Temperaturen kommt es ohne feuerfeste Auskleidung des Drehrohrofens zu Überhitzungsschäden. Durch die vorgeschaltete Pyrolyse gelingt es, den überschüssigen Energiegehalt derartiger Ölschlämme abzumagern, so daß im anschließenden Verbrennungsraum die dort zulässigen Temperaturen von etwa 750°C nicht überschritten werden.Since endothermic changes in state can occur in the pyrolysis drum, in which the waste is carbonized if there is a lack of oxygen the flue gases of the combustion chamber, which have a temperature of about 750 ° C there, are cooled down to about 550 ° C by the heat exchange with the pyrolysis drum until the flue gas is reached. These temperatures mean that a fireproof lining of the combustion drum and the pyrolysis drum is unnecessary. This also applies to the combustion of oil sludges with a high energy content. When they are burned, temperatures of up to 800 ° C. occur in the known rotary kiln (DE-A 2 433 676) without upstream pyrolysis. At such temperatures, overheating damage occurs without fireproof lining of the rotary kiln. The upstream pyrolysis succeeds in reducing the excess energy content of such oil sludge, so that the temperatures in the subsequent combustion chamber of about 750 ° C. are not exceeded.

Wie bereits angedeutet, gelingt es, gemäß den Vorschlägen der vorliegenden Erfindung, Abfälle mit hohem Energiegehalt, wie beispielsweise ÖIschlämme zu verarbeiten. Zweckmäßigerweise sollte die Zusammensetzung der Abfälle kontrolliert und möglichst konstant gehalten werden, wobei auch Mischungen aus zerkleinertem Müll und Klär- bzw. Industrieschlämmen infrage kommen. Dabei ist es für die Veraschung wichtig, den Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Schlämme, den Feststoffanteil der Abfallmischung und die maximale Partikelgröße der Feststoffanteile innerhalb vorgegebener Grenzen zu halten.As already indicated, it is possible, according to the proposals of the present invention, to process waste with a high energy content, such as oil sludge. The composition of the waste should expediently be checked and kept as constant as possible, mixtures of comminuted waste and sewage or industrial sludge also being suitable. It is important for the ashing to keep the moisture content of the sludge, the solids content of the waste mixture and the maximum particle size of the solids content within specified limits.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit der Energieeinsparung besteht darin, daß die Verbrennungstrommel in ihrem, den Verbrennungsraum bildenden Abschnitt fest mit einer sie umhüllenden Außentrommel verbunden ist, und daß der zwischen dieser und der Verbrennungstrommel gebildete Ringraum mit dem Austragsende verbunden ist. Durch die Umleitung der Asche in den genannten Ringraum und der damit verbundenen indirekten Wärmeabgabe an den Verbrennungsraum kommt es zu einer starken Abkühlung der Asche, d. h. deren Energiegehalt wird zugunsten einer Einsparung an Brennerenergie für den Verbrennungsraum genutzt.Another way of saving energy is that the combustion drum is fixedly connected in its section forming the combustion chamber to an outer drum enveloping it, and that the annular space formed between the latter and the combustion drum is connected to the discharge end. By redirecting the ashes into the annulus mentioned and the associated indirect heat transfer to the combustion chamber, the ashes are strongly cooled, i.e. H. their energy content is used to save burner energy for the combustion chamber.

Bei Anwendung der Außentrommel, welche an ihrem, dem Austragsende der Verbrennungstrommel benachbarten Ende durch einen Deckel verschlossen ist, enthält dieser Deckel zweckmäßigerweise die Brenneröffnung und bildet gleichzeitig die Stirnwand für den austragsseitigen Abschluß der Verbrennungstrommel.When using the outer drum, which is closed at its end adjacent to the discharge end of the combustion drum by a cover, this cover expediently contains the burner opening and at the same time forms the end wall for the discharge-side closure of the combustion drum.

Nach einer vorteilhaften konstruktiven Ausbildung der Pyrolysetrommel ist vorgesehen, daß deren inneres Ende über eine ringförmige, zum Austragsende hin schräg nach außen verlaufende Wand an der Innenfläche der Verbrennungstrommel angeschlossen ist, und daß diese Wand im Bereich von darauf endenden Rauchgaskanälen offen ist, welche mit dem Verbrennungsraum verbunden sind; die Rauchgaskanäle können dabei sternförmig angeordnet und an einen gemeinsamen zentralen Einströmstutzen für die Rauchgase angeschlossen sein. Durch diese Ausführungsform wird sichergestellt, daß der wesentliche Teil der Rauchgase durch die Rauchgaskanäle in den Ringraum zwischen Pyrolysetrommel und Verbrennungstrommel gelangt, also als Heizmedium für die Pyrolysekammer nutzbar gemacht wird. Nur ein geringer Teil, der im Gegenstrom zum Pyrolysekoks strömenden Rauchgase gelangt in das Innere der Pyrolysekammer und wird dort auf die Schwelgastemperatur herabgekühlt. In der Pyrolysekammer findet selbstverständlich keine Verbrennung statt, was durch den dort vorherrschenden Luftmangel sichergestellt wird. Der aus der Pyrolysekammer in den Verbrennungsraum der Verbrennungskammer austretende Pyrolysekoks enthält noch brennbare Bestandteile, welche durch den Brenner entzündet werden. Für die optimale Energieausnutzung ist es auch hier wichtig, daß die Brennereinschaltzeiten nach der Temperatur im Verbrennungsraum geregelt werden, d. h. je höher die Restenergie im Pyrolysekoks, desto niedriger ist die sich einstellende Brennerleistung.According to an advantageous constructive design of the pyrolysis drum, it is provided that the inner end thereof is connected to the inner surface of the combustion drum via an annular wall which runs obliquely outwards towards the discharge end, and that this wall is open in the region of flue gas ducts ending thereon which are connected to the Combustion chamber are connected; the flue gas ducts can be arranged in a star shape and connected to a common central inlet connection for the flue gases. This embodiment ensures that the major part of the flue gases passes through the flue gas channels into the annular space between the pyrolysis drum and the combustion drum, that is to say is used as a heating medium for the pyrolysis chamber. Only a small part of the flue gases flowing in counterflow to the pyrolysis coke gets into the interior of the pyrolysis chamber and is cooled down there to the carbonization temperature. There is of course no combustion in the pyrolysis chamber, which is ensured by the lack of air prevailing there. The pyrolysis coke emerging from the pyrolysis chamber into the combustion chamber of the combustion chamber still contains combustible constituents which are ignited by the burner. For optimal energy utilization, it is also important here that the burner switch-on times are regulated according to the temperature in the combustion chamber, i.e. H. the higher the residual energy in the pyrolysis coke, the lower the burner output.

Im folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung erläutert. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 einen Axialschnitt durch einen Drehrohrofen, und
  • Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt durch den Drehrohrofen gemäß 11-11 der Fig. 1.
In the following an embodiment of the invention is explained with reference to the drawing. It shows:
  • Fig. 1 shows an axial section through a rotary kiln, and
  • 2 shows a cross section through the rotary kiln according to 11-11 of FIG. 1st

Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Drehrohrofen ist im wesentlichen aus bezüglich der Schnittebene symmetrischen, meist zylindrischen Teilen aufgebaut. Im wesentlichen besteht er aus einer drehbar gelagerten Verbrennungstrommel (1) und einer in deren Innenraum angeordneten und mit dieser drehfest verbundenen Pyrolysetrommel (2). Durch die in der Zeichnung linke Stirnseite der beiden Trommeln ist eine Beschickungseinrichtung (3) hindurchgeführt, durch welche die zu veraschenden Abfälle in die Pyrolysetrommel (2) gelangen. Dementsprechend weist die Pyrolysetrommel (2) in ihrer linken Stirnseite eine Beschickungsöffnung (4) auf, durch die ein Rüssel (5) der Beschickungseinrichtung (3) hindurchtritt. Im übrigen sind beide Trommeln beschickungsseitig gegenüber feststehenden Wandteilen abgedichtet, welche mit getrennten Abzügen für das Rauchgas aus der Verbrennungstrommel (1) und für das Schwelgas aus der Pyrolysetrommel (2) verbunden sind. In diesem Sinne schließt die Verbrennungstrommel (1) dichtend an eine Rauchgasaustrittskammer (6) mit Rauchgasabzug (7) an; die Pyrolysetrommel (2) schließt an eine Schwelgasaustrittskammer (8) mit Schwelgasabzug (9) an. Im Rauchgasabzug (7) beträgt die Gastemperatur etwa 550° C, während sie im Schwelgasabzug (9) noch darunter liegt. In beiden Gasabzügen sind Drosselklappen (10) zur Steuerung der Gasströmung vorgesehen.The rotary kiln shown in Fig. 1 is essentially made up of mostly cylindrical parts symmetrical with respect to the cutting plane. It essentially consists of a rotatably mounted combustion drum (1) and a pyrolysis drum (2) arranged in the interior thereof and connected to it in a rotationally fixed manner. A loading device (3) is passed through the left end of the two drums in the drawing, through which the waste to be incinerated enters the pyrolysis drum (2). Accordingly, the pyrolysis drum (2) has in its left end a loading opening (4) through which a trunk (5) of the loading device (3) passes. Otherwise, both drums are sealed on the loading side against fixed wall parts, which are connected to separate fume cupboards for the flue gas from the combustion drum (1) and for the carbonization gas from the pyrolysis drum (2). In this sense, the combustion drum (1) connects to a flue gas outlet chamber (6) with a flue gas outlet (7); the pyrolysis drum (2) connects to a carbonization gas outlet chamber (8) with carbonization gas discharge (9). In the flue gas discharge (7), the gas temperature is about 550 ° C, while it is still lower in the smoldering gas discharge (9). Throttle valves (10) for controlling the gas flow are provided in both gas vents.

Die Pyrolysetrommel (2) ist an mehreren Stellen ihres Umfangs über starre Bolzen (11) drehfest mit der Verbrennungstrommel (1) verbunden. Am inneren Ende der Pyrolysetrommel (2) ist diese über eine konische Wand (12) mit der Innenfläche der Verbrennungstrommel (1) verbunden. Die konische Wand (12) ist im Bereich von darauf endenden Rauchgaskanälen (13) offen. Insgesamt sind vier Rauchgaskanäle (13), wie in Fig. 2 gezeigt, stem- bzw. kreuzförmig angeordnet und an einen gemeinsamen zentralen Einströmstutzen (14) angeschlossen. Zwischen den Rauchgaskanälen (13) und radial innerhalb der Wand (12) ist die Pyrolysetrommel (2) zu dem rechts anschließenden Verbrennungsraum (15) der Verbrennungskammer (1) hin offen. Diese Öffnung ist in Fig. 2 durch vier verkleinerte Quadranten (16) dargestellt. In Fig. 2 ist noch der Einströmstutzen (14) in seiner stimseitigen Ansicht gezeichnet; in seinem Inneren enthält er Eintrittsöffnungen (17) zu den einzelnen Rauchgaskanälen (13).The pyrolysis drum (2) is non-rotatably connected to the combustion drum (1) at several points along its circumference by means of rigid bolts (11). At the inner end of the pyrolysis drum (2) it is connected to the inner surface of the combustion drum (1) via a conical wall (12). The conical wall (12) is in the area ending on it Flue gas channels (13) open. A total of four flue gas ducts (13), as shown in FIG. 2, are arranged in a stem or cross shape and connected to a common central inlet connection (14). Between the flue gas ducts (13) and radially inside the wall (12), the pyrolysis drum (2) is open to the combustion chamber (15) of the combustion chamber (1) adjoining on the right. This opening is shown in Fig. 2 by four reduced quadrants (16). In Fig. 2, the inflow connector (14) is drawn in its front view; inside it contains inlet openings (17) to the individual flue gas ducts (13).

Die zu veraschenden Abfälle gelangen über die Beschickungseinrichtung (3) in das Innere der Pyrolysetrommel (2) und werden dort mittels einer Fördereinrichtung aus schraubenförmig verlaufenden, an der Innenwand der Pyrolysetrommel befestigten Rippen (18), von links nach rechts transportiert unter der Voraussetzung, daß die Trommeldrehung gemäß Pfeil (P) erfolgt. Entsprechend dem in der Pyrolysetrommel erfolgenden Abbau des Restwassergehalts, d. h. der Trocknung der Abfälle, reduziert sich deren Volumen, wie gezeigt, allmählich in Richtung auf das rechte Ende der Pyrolysetrommel (2) zu. Dort treten die getrockneten Abfälle in Form von Pyrolysekoks aus der Pyrolysetrommel (2) aus und gelangen in den Verbrennungsraum (15) der Verbrennungstrommel (1). Die restlichen brennbaren Bestandteile des Pyrolysekoks werden mit Hilfe eines Brenners (19), der benachbart dem Austragsende der Verbrennungstrommel (1) angeordnet ist, verbrannt. Die Verbrennungstrommel (1) ist an ihrem Austragsende offen; den Verschluß nach außen bewirkt eine Außentrommel (20), welche unter Ausbildung eines Ringraums (21) zwischen dieser und der Verbrennungstrommel (1) drehfest mit dieser verbunden ist. In einem stirnseitigen, dem Austragsende der Verbrennungstrommel (1) benachbarten Deckel (22) der Außentrommel (20) ist eine Brenneröffnung für die Aufnahme des Brenners (19) vorgesehen.The waste to be incinerated reaches the inside of the pyrolysis drum (2) via the loading device (3) and is transported there from left to right by means of a conveyor device consisting of helically running ribs (18) fastened to the inner wall of the pyrolysis drum, provided that the drum is rotated according to arrow (P). According to the degradation of the residual water content taking place in the pyrolysis drum, i. H. As the waste dries, its volume gradually decreases, as shown, towards the right end of the pyrolysis drum (2). There, the dried waste in the form of pyrolysis coke exits the pyrolysis drum (2) and enters the combustion chamber (15) of the combustion drum (1). The remaining combustible components of the pyrolysis coke are burned with the aid of a burner (19) which is arranged adjacent to the discharge end of the combustion drum (1). The combustion drum (1) is open at its discharge end; the closure to the outside is effected by an outer drum (20), which is non-rotatably connected to the combustion drum (1) to form an annular space (21) between the latter. A burner opening for receiving the burner (19) is provided in a front cover (22) of the outer drum (20) adjacent to the discharge end of the combustion drum (1).

Auch im Bereich des Verbrennungsraums (15) wird der Pyrolysekoks mittels an der Innenseite der Verbrennungstrommel (1) befestigter, schraubenförmiger Rippen (23) in Richtung auf das Austragsende für die Asche gefördert. Durch die Austragsöffnung (24) am rechten Ende der Verbrennungstrommel (1) gelangt die Asche in den Ringraum (21) zwischen Außentrommel (20) und Verbrennungstrommel (1), wandert dort nach links und verläßt durch das offene Ende der Außentrommel (20) den Drehofen. Dabei gibt die heiße Asche noch ihre Wärmeenergie an die Verbrennungstrommel im Bereich der Verbrennungskammer (15) ab.Also in the area of the combustion chamber (15), the pyrolysis coke is conveyed in the direction of the discharge end for the ash by means of screw-shaped ribs (23) attached to the inside of the combustion drum (1). The ash enters the annular space (21) between the outer drum (20) and the combustion drum (1) through the discharge opening (24) at the right end of the combustion drum (1), migrates there to the left and leaves the through the open end of the outer drum (20) Rotary kiln. The hot ash still gives off its thermal energy to the combustion drum in the area of the combustion chamber (15).

In Fig. 2 ist unten gemäß der Schnittführung 11-11 der Fig. 1 der Pyrolysekoks (25) eingezeichnet, wobei die oberhalb des Schnittbereichs geführte Linie (26) den Umriß des Pyrolysekoksbettes im Übergangsbereich zwischen Pyrolysetrommel (2) und Verbrennungsraum (15) darstellt.2 shows the pyrolysis coke (25) according to the cut 11-11 of FIG. 1, the line (26) above the cut area representing the outline of the pyrolysis coke bed in the transition area between the pyrolysis drum (2) and the combustion chamber (15) .

Im Inneren der Verbrennungstrommel (1) ist mit durchgezogenen Pfeilen der Strömungsverlauf der Rauchgase eingezeichnet; im Inneren der Pyrolysetrommel (2) ist mit strichliert gezeichneten Pfeilen der Strömungsverlauf der Schwelgase eingezeichnet.Inside the combustion drum (1), the flow of the flue gases is drawn with solid arrows; inside the pyrolysis drum (2) the flow pattern of the carbonization gases is drawn with dashed arrows.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung versteht sich von selbst, daß geeignete Maßnahmen getroffen werden, die Sauerstoffzufuhr in das Innere der Pyrolysekammer (2) zu beschränken. Entsprechende Dichtungsmittel sind in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt; z. B. sind solche Dichtungsmittel zweckmäßig im Öffnungsbereich des Ringraums (21) angeordnet.Within the scope of the invention it goes without saying that suitable measures are taken to restrict the oxygen supply into the interior of the pyrolysis chamber (2). Corresponding sealing means are not shown in the drawing; e.g. B. such sealing means are expediently arranged in the opening area of the annular space (21).

Au dem dargestellten Drehofen sind der Drehantrieb und die Drehlagerung zur Vereinfachung der Zeichnung weggelassen. Einige Temperaturwerte sind als Zahlenangaben eingezeichnet.In the rotary kiln shown, the rotary drive and the rotary bearing are omitted to simplify the drawing. Some temperature values are shown as numbers.

Claims (7)

1. Cylindrical rotary furnace for the degasifica- tion and incineration of waste material, the degasifi- cation taking place in a pyrolysis drum, which comprises a feed opening for the waste material, to which a low-temperature carbonisation gas outlet is connected and the incineration taking place in a combustion drum mounted in a rotary manner, which at the feed end comprises a waste gas outlet and at the discharge end for the ashes comprises a burner, characterised in that
a) the pyrolysis drum (2) is located inside the combustion drum (1) and connected thereto in a non- rotary manner, which drum forms an annular chamber (27) between itself and the combustion drum and which, starting from the feed end, extends in the direction of the discharge end over a partial length of the combustion drum (1),
b) at its end projecting into the combustion drum (1), the pyrolysis drum (2) comprises a discharge opening (16) for low-temperature coke formed from the waste material, which is burnt to ashes in the adjoining combustion chamber (15) of the combustion drum (1), and
c) the annular chamber (27) between the combustion drum (1) and the pyrolysis drum (2) is connected to the waste gas outlet (7).
2. Cylindrical rotary furnace according to Claim 1, characterised in that in its section forming the combustion chamber (15), the combustion drum (1) is securely connected to an outer drum (20) surrounding it and that the annular chamber (21) formed between the latter and the combustion drum (1) is connected to the discharge end of the combustion drum.
3. Cylindrical rotary furnace according to Claim 2, characterised in that at its end adjacent the discharge end of the combustion drum (1), the outer drum (20) is closed by a cover (22), which contains an opening for the burner (19).
4. Cylindrical rotary furnace according to Claim 1, characterised in that the inner end of the pyrolysis drum (2) is connected to the inner surface of the combustion drum (1) by way of an annular wall (12) extending obliquely outwards towards the discharge end, and that this wall (12) is open in the region of waste gas channels (13) terminating thereat, which channels are connected to the combustion chamber (15).
5. Cylindrical rotary furnace according to Claim 4, characterised in that the waste gas channels (13) are arranged in the shape of a star and are connected to a common, central inlet connection (14) for the waste gases.
6. Cylindrical rotary furnace according to Claim 1, characterised in that the length of the pyrolysis drum (2) corresponds approximately to half the length, but at least one third of the length of the combustion drum (1).
7. Cylindrical rotary furnace according to Claim 1, characterised in that the waste gas outlet (7) and the low-temperature carbonisation gas outlet (9) open into a secondary combustion chamber.
EP87109951A 1986-09-25 1987-07-10 Apparatus for the incineration of waste Expired - Lifetime EP0262315B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87109951T ATE52604T1 (en) 1986-09-25 1987-07-10 WASTE INCINERATION DEVICE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3632548 1986-09-25
DE3632548A DE3632548C1 (en) 1986-09-25 1986-09-25 Process for ashing waste and device for carrying out the process

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EP0262315A2 EP0262315A2 (en) 1988-04-06
EP0262315A3 EP0262315A3 (en) 1989-01-11
EP0262315B1 true EP0262315B1 (en) 1990-05-09

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0360052B1 (en) * 1988-09-05 1992-07-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Pyrolysis reactor for the thermal disposal of waste
DE3928748A1 (en) * 1989-08-30 1991-03-07 Bela Medvey Furnace for burning wet organic material - has charging conveyor at 20 deg. angle to combustion chamber so that material is pre-heated
DE4122157C2 (en) * 1990-07-20 1997-05-28 Hein Lehmann Montage Gmbh Rotary kiln for the combustion of vegetable matter
AT398129B (en) * 1991-01-14 1994-09-26 Waagner Biro Ag TURNTUBE HEAT TREATMENT SYSTEM, ESPECIALLY TURNTUBE TUBES
DE19925316A1 (en) * 1999-05-27 2000-11-30 Technip Benelux B V Process and plant for the autothermal gasification of solid fuels
ES2259268B1 (en) * 2005-03-08 2007-11-01 Bio Watt Iberica, S.L. SYSTEM FOR OBTAINING LIQUID FUEL FROM RESIDUAL PLASTICS OF THE POLYETHYLENE, POLYPROPYLENE AND POLYSTYRENE TYPE.
DE102008021019B4 (en) 2008-04-25 2012-06-28 Eisenmann Ag Oven for pyrolysis of waste material and method for operating a furnace
DE102008021016B4 (en) 2008-04-25 2021-04-29 Eisenmann Se Furnace for pyrolysis of waste material and method of operating such a furnace
DE102008021018B4 (en) 2008-04-25 2013-07-18 Eisenmann Ag Furnace for pyrolysis of waste material

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE347829C (en) * 1922-01-26 Curt Gerson Dipl Ing Rotary kiln for incinerating household waste
DE1260069B (en) * 1963-09-26 1968-02-01 Schmitz & Apelt Dr Garbage incinerator
US3357382A (en) * 1965-02-17 1967-12-12 Matteini Silvano Solid trash drying and incinerating furnace
JPS5221833B2 (en) * 1973-07-12 1977-06-13
US3861336A (en) * 1973-11-07 1975-01-21 Shinzaburo Koyanagi Garbage incinerator
FR2484294B1 (en) * 1980-06-17 1985-06-28 Lejeune Gwenole PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR TREATING WET PRODUCTS
DE3347554C2 (en) * 1983-05-18 1986-08-07 Pka Pyrolyse Kraftanlagen Gmbh, 7080 Aalen Process for obtaining usable gas from waste by pyrolysis and apparatus for carrying out the process
FR2573514A1 (en) * 1984-11-20 1986-05-23 Bet Bio En Tech Sarl Burner for ligneous products.

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ATE52604T1 (en) 1990-05-15
EP0262315A3 (en) 1989-01-11
EP0262315A2 (en) 1988-04-06
DE3632548C1 (en) 1987-10-15

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