EP0261241B1 - Disintegrator - Google Patents

Disintegrator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0261241B1
EP0261241B1 EP86904458A EP86904458A EP0261241B1 EP 0261241 B1 EP0261241 B1 EP 0261241B1 EP 86904458 A EP86904458 A EP 86904458A EP 86904458 A EP86904458 A EP 86904458A EP 0261241 B1 EP0261241 B1 EP 0261241B1
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Prior art keywords
classifier
grinding chamber
air
chamber
disintegrator
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EP86904458A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0261241A4 (en
EP0261241A1 (en
Inventor
Alexei Nikolaevich Tjumanok
Yaan Voldemarovich Tamm
Andres Iosepovich Saul
Valdeko Villemovich Loopere
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Tallinsky Politekhnichesky Institut
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Tallinsky Politekhnichesky Institut
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Priority to AT86904458T priority Critical patent/ATE59314T1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/20—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with two or more co-operating rotors
    • B02C13/205—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with two or more co-operating rotors arranged concentrically

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the shredding technique, more particularly to a disintegrator.
  • a disintegrator is known (see SU copyright certificate No. 1058130 IPK 3 B 02 C 13/00), which contains a housing connected to the grinding chamber, in which rotors with processing rings are arranged, which are set in rotation by means of electric motors. A separation zone is formed between the rotor and the housing, through which air is blown with the aid of pressure and suction blades.
  • a connector for discharging fine material and air into a classifier is connected to the housing and is designed in the form of a cyclone with which the air backflow channel leading into the disintegrator is connected.
  • a bore for the inlet connection is made in the grinding chamber.
  • the material reaches the grinding chamber through the inlet nozzle, where it is crushed by rotors.
  • the fine fraction of the material is blown out and reaches the classifier via the nozzle for fine processing, while the coarse fraction passes through the hole in the grinding chamber into the inlet nozzle for further comminution.
  • the air flows from the classifier via the return flow channel into the disintegrator.
  • This construction is very bulky and takes up a larger industrial area in the horizontal and vertical directions.
  • a lot of energy is used to transport the material.
  • a disintegrator is known (see US-A-4093127, NPK 241-55, 1975) which contains a housing with an inlet and an outlet connection, in which a rotor separator is arranged, which is designed as a drum with inclined separating plates, which are at a certain distance from each other on the circumference of the peripheral drum zone. On the outside of the drum is a channel for collecting and discharging fine material and air.
  • the material and the air come from the inlet nozzle into the rotor separator.
  • the rotor separator is blown through with air.
  • the particles, the size of which is smaller than the gap between the inclined separation plates, are discharged into the collecting duct and discharged via the outlet connection. The material remains in the drum until it is completely shredded.
  • the milling efficiency of the rotor separator is insufficient and, in addition, the entire unit, which includes a rotor separator and an air supply system, is quite bulky.
  • a disintegrator (see US-A-2656988, NPK 241-275, 1953) is known, which contains a housing with an inlet connection, in which a rotor with grinding blades and a rotor drive are accommodated.
  • the rotor is surrounded by a series of impingement and separation blades, which are at a certain distance from each other. The gap size between the blades determines the separation limit of the material.
  • collecting containers for the coarse and fine goods are arranged with respective nozzles for discharging coarse and fine goods.
  • the material destined for comminution reaches the grinding blades of the rotor and is thrown onto the row of inclined impingement blades.
  • the gaps between the blades become blocked by the particles and the removal of fines is made more difficult. Due to the unique material size reduction, the system is suitable for the extraction of relatively large material particles. In order to obtain small particles, the coarser particles have to be re-ground, which complicates the design of the disintegrator, and the gap between the blades must also be reduced, which increases the clogging of the gaps and thus reduces the grinding efficiency.
  • a disintegrator according to the preamble of claim 1 (DE-C - 3490555 or WO 85/02354), which contains a housing and a grinding chamber, which has a cylindrical part with a nozzle for feeding the starting material into the grinding chamber and two side walls owns.
  • the grinding chamber accommodates rotors, which consist of support disks with machining rings and are mounted on shafts of electric motors.
  • a channel for discharging the material from the grinding chamber into the classifier is connected to the grinding chamber, which channel includes a series of inclined plates and is connected to a cyclone-type sifter by means of a channel for fine handling.
  • An air return duct to the disintegrator is connected to the classifier and a duct to the classifier for returning the coarse fraction of the material for renewed comminution.
  • the coarse fraction is fed from the classifier via the channel to the inlet nozzle for further comminution.
  • This disintegrator is not effective enough because all the material after crushing mixed and fed together with the air to the classifier, where the coarse and fine fractions are separated. A considerable amount of energy is used to classify and transport fine fraction and air into the classifier, and air from the classifier back into the disintegrator.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide such a disintegrator, in which the structural design of individual assemblies and the overall arrangement of the same would simplify the construction of the disintegrator, reduce the dimensions of the same and allow the energy expenditure for material comminution to be reduced with the same work output .
  • the disintegrator which has a housing, a grinding chamber, which has a cylindrical part with a nozzle for feeding the starting material into the grinding chamber and two side walls and in which rotors are accommodated, which consist of support disks with machining rings and mounted on shafts of electric motors, a classifier with a series of inclined plates, a return unit for returning the coarse fraction of the material for re-comminution, an air and material fine fraction sifter with which an air backflow channel and a collecting container for the fine fraction of the material are connected ,
  • the inclined plates of the classifier are arranged on the circumference in the peripheral zone of the grinding chamber at a distance from the cylindrical part thereof to form an annular gap, with the aid of which the air and material fine fraction sifter for the task Abe of the starting material is connected, which comprises one of the electric motors and is connected by means of the air return duct with an air distributor, which comprises the other electric motor and is connected to the grinding chamber by means of an annul
  • the inclined classifier plates are designed to be pivotable.
  • the disintegrator For the same purpose, it was found to be advantageous to equip the disintegrator with guide vanes, which are arranged in the annular gap formed by the gap between the last processing ring and the inclined classifier plates, and a pressure fan, which is located in the grinding chamber in the immediate vicinity of the mentioned annular gap is installed and connected to the other rotor.
  • the design of the disintegrator according to the invention makes it possible to reduce its dimensions considerably and to reduce the energy consumption by 10 to 15%.
  • the disintegrator according to the invention contains a housing 1 (FIG. 1), a grinding chamber 2 which has a cylindrical part 3 with a support 4 for feeding a starting material 5 into the grinding chamber 2 and side walls 6.
  • a grinding chamber 2 which has a cylindrical part 3 with a support 4 for feeding a starting material 5 into the grinding chamber 2 and side walls 6.
  • two rotors are arranged, each of which consists of support disks 7 and machining rings 8 and is mounted on shafts 9 and 10 of respective electric motors 11 and 12.
  • the disintegrator contains a classifier, which represents a series of inclined plates 13 (FIGS. 1 and 2) which are located on the circumference in the peripheral zone of the grinding chamber 2 at a certain distance from the cylindrical part 3 thereof, forming an annular gap 14.
  • the grinding chamber 2 is connected via the annular gap 14 to an air and material fine fraction sifter 15, which comprises the electric motor 11 and is located between the housing 1 and a cylinder 16.
  • Guide vanes 17 (FIGS. 1 and 2) are arranged in the annular gap 14.
  • a collection container 18 for the fine fraction of the material is connected to the lower part of the classifier 15, in the lower part of which a unit for discharging the fine fraction of the material, for example in the form of a screw 19 with a drive 20, is provided.
  • the classifier 15 is connected by means of an air backflow channel 21 to an air distributor 22 which comprises the electric motor 12 and is located between the housing 1 and a cylinder 23.
  • the air distributor 22 is connected to the grinding chamber 2 by means of an annular gap 24 (Fig. 1 and 2), which is formed by the gap between the inclined plates 13 of the classifier and the last processing ring 8, which is provided with ventilation blades 25.
  • Guide blades 26 are arranged in the annular gap 24, and a pressure fan 27 is installed in the grinding chamber 2, the blades of which are located in the immediate vicinity of the gap 24 and which is connected to the support disk 7 of the rotor, which is attached to the shaft 10 of the electric motor 12.
  • a suction fan 28 is installed, the blades of which are in the immediate vicinity of the annular gap 14 and which is connected to the support disk 7 of the rotor, which is attached to the shaft 9 of the electric motor 11.
  • the return unit for returning the coarse fraction of the material for renewed comminution is designed as an arcuate guide 29 which is arranged in the immediate vicinity of an opening 30 which is made in the side wall 6 of the grinding chamber 2 and with the aid of which it is connected to the connection piece 4 is.
  • annular barrier 31 is installed between the fan 28 and the grinding chamber 2.
  • the inclined plates 13 of the classifier are designed to be pivotable relative to a joint 32, so that the width of the gap between the plates 13 can thereby be changed.
  • the channel 21 (FIG. 3) is of split design and provided with flanges 34, but the housing 1 of the disintegrator is equipped with a joint unit 35.
  • a slider 36 is provided to regulate the air flow in channel 21.
  • a separator 37 (FIG. 4), which consists of inclined plates, is arranged between the classifier 15 and the collecting container 18 for the fine fraction of the material.
  • the disintegrator works as follows.
  • the starting material 5 passes through the connection piece 4 into the grinding chamber 2, passes through all the processing rings 8 and meets the row of inclined plates 13 (FIG. 2) of the classifier.
  • the shredded material slides on them, the ventilation blades 25 ensuring the uniformity of the flow.
  • the moving layer is blown through with an air stream which is generated by the rotors of the disintegrator, the fans 27, 28 (FIG. 1) and the ventilation blades 25.
  • column 33 (FIG. 2) between the inclined plates 13, together with the air, the fine fraction of the material is also derived, which passes through the annular gap 14 into the classifier 15 (FIG. 1).
  • the material settles on the walls of the classifier 15, slides thereon and arrives in the collecting container 18, from where it is derived by means of the discharge unit.
  • the air passes from the classifier 15 via the channel 21 (FIG. 3) into the distributor 22 (FIG. 1) and through the annular gap 24 into the grinding chamber 2.
  • the coarse fraction of the material slides over the row of inclined plates 13 along the arcuate one Guide 29 and passes through the opening 30 in the nozzle 4 and then in the grinding chamber 2 for renewed comminution.
  • the reduction in energy expenditure is achieved: firstly thanks to the arrangement of the classifier in the grinding chamber 2, in which it comprises the rotors.
  • the mixture density is low in this zone, so the classification takes place without energy expenditure for feeding the material to the classifier; secondly, thanks to the direct connection of the classifier 15 to the grinding chamber 2, which reduces the energy expenditure for the material transport; thirdly, thanks to shorter air movement paths.
  • the design of the disintegrator has become more compact so that it takes up less industrial space in both the horizontal and vertical directions.
  • the invention can be used with advantage for comminuting building materials, in chemical technology, for comminuting grain, in particular for the production of spirit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Encapsulation Of And Coatings For Semiconductor Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/SU86/00022 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 5, 1987 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 5, 1987 PCT Filed Mar. 21, 1986 PCT Pub. No. WO87/05534 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 24, 1987.A disintegrator comprises a housing (1) and a grinding chamber (2) accommodating grinding wheels mounted on shafts (9, 10) of electric motors. The peripheral zone of the chamber (2) accommodates inclined plates (13) of a classifier arranged about the circumference so that an annular slot (14) is formed between these plates and a cylindrical portion (3) of the chamber (2) through which the chamber (2) communicates with a separator (15). The separator (15) embraces one of the electric motors (11) and communicates by way of a passage (21) of return flow of air with an air distributor (22) embracing the electric motor (12). The distributor (22) is connected to the chamber (2) by way of annular slot (24) between the plates (13) of the classifier and the last grinding wheel (8) of the rotor. Connected to the separator (15) is a collector (18) of fine fraction of the material. The means for returning coarse fraction of the material has the form of an arcuate guide (29) arranged in close proximity to an opening (30) provided in the side wall (6) of the chamber (2) where through the chamber (2) communicates with the pipe (4) for charging the initial material (5).

Description

ErfindungsbeschreibungDescription of the invention Technisches GebietTechnical field

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf die Zerkleinerungstechnik, genauer auf einen Desintegrator.The present invention relates to the shredding technique, more particularly to a disintegrator.

Zugrundeliegender Stand der TechnikUnderlying state of the art

Bekannt ist ein Desintegrator (siehe den SU-Urheberschein Nr. 1058130 IPK3 B 02 C 13/00), der ein mit der Mahlkammer verbundenes Gehäuse enthält, in dem Rotoren mit Bearbeitungsringen angeordnet sind, die vermittels Elektromotoren in Drehung versetzt werden. Zwischen dem Rotor und dem Gehäuse ist eine Separationszone gebildet, durch die mit Hilfe von Druck- und Saugschaufeln Luft hindurchgeblasen wird. Mit dem Gehäuse ist ein Stutzen zum Ableiten von Feingut und Luft in einen Sichter verbunden, der in Form eines Zyklons ausgebildet ist, mit dem der in den Desintegrator führende Luftrückstromkanal in Verbindung steht. In der Mahlkammer ist eine Bohrung für den Eintrittsstutzen ausgeführt.A disintegrator is known (see SU copyright certificate No. 1058130 IPK 3 B 02 C 13/00), which contains a housing connected to the grinding chamber, in which rotors with processing rings are arranged, which are set in rotation by means of electric motors. A separation zone is formed between the rotor and the housing, through which air is blown with the aid of pressure and suction blades. A connector for discharging fine material and air into a classifier is connected to the housing and is designed in the form of a cyclone with which the air backflow channel leading into the disintegrator is connected. A bore for the inlet connection is made in the grinding chamber.

Das Material gelangt durch den Eintrittsstutzen in die Mahlkammer, wo es von Rotoren zerkleinert wird. Die Feinfraktion des Materials wird ausgeblasen und gelangt über den Stutzen zum Feingutableiten in den Sichter, während die Grobfraktion durch die Bohrung in der Mahlkammer in den Eintrittsstutzen zur erneuten Zerkleinerung gelangt. Aus dem Sichter strömt die Luft über den Rückstromkanal in den Desintegrator.The material reaches the grinding chamber through the inlet nozzle, where it is crushed by rotors. The fine fraction of the material is blown out and reaches the classifier via the nozzle for fine processing, while the coarse fraction passes through the hole in the grinding chamber into the inlet nozzle for further comminution. The air flows from the classifier via the return flow channel into the disintegrator.

Diese Konstruktion ist sehr sperrig und beanspruckt eine größere Industriefläche in horizontaler und vertikaler Richtung. Beim Betrieb des Desintegrators solch einer Bauart wird viel Energie zur Beförderung des Materials aufgewendet.This construction is very bulky and takes up a larger industrial area in the horizontal and vertical directions. When operating the disintegrator of this type, a lot of energy is used to transport the material.

Es ist ein Desintegrator bekannt (siehe die US-A-4093127, NPK 241-55, 1975), der ein Gehäuse mit einem Eintritts- und einem Austrittsstutzen enthält, in dem ein Rotorabscheider angeordnet ist, der als Trommel mit geneigten Abscheideplatten gestaltet ist, die in einem bestimmten Abstand voneinander am Kreisumfang der peripheren Trommelzone liegen. Außen an der Trommel ist ein Kanal zum Sammeln und Ableiten von Feingut und Luft ausgeführt.A disintegrator is known (see US-A-4093127, NPK 241-55, 1975) which contains a housing with an inlet and an outlet connection, in which a rotor separator is arranged, which is designed as a drum with inclined separating plates, which are at a certain distance from each other on the circumference of the peripheral drum zone. On the outside of the drum is a channel for collecting and discharging fine material and air.

Das Material und die Luft kommen aus dem Eintrittsstutzen in den Rotorabscheider. Bei der Drehung des Rotors wälzt sich das Material, die Stücke werden zerschlagen und zerkleinert. Gleichzeitig wird der Rotorabscheider mit Luft durchblasen. Die Teilchen, deren Größe kleiner als der Spalt zwischen den geneigten Abscheideplatten sind, werden in den Sammelkanal ausgetragen und über den Austrittsstutzen abgeleitet. In der Trommel verweilt das Material bis zu seiner vollständigen Zerkleinerung.The material and the air come from the inlet nozzle into the rotor separator. When the rotor rotates, the material rolls, the pieces are broken up and crushed. At the same time, the rotor separator is blown through with air. The particles, the size of which is smaller than the gap between the inclined separation plates, are discharged into the collecting duct and discharged via the outlet connection. The material remains in the drum until it is completely shredded.

Die Mahleffektivität des Rotorabscheiders ist ungenügend, und außerdem ist das gesamte Aggregat, das einen Rotorabscheider und ein Luftzuführungssystem einschließt, ziemlich platzraubend.The milling efficiency of the rotor separator is insufficient and, in addition, the entire unit, which includes a rotor separator and an air supply system, is quite bulky.

Bekannt ist ein Desintegrator (siehe die US-A-2656988, NPK 241-275, 1953), der ein Gehäuse mit einem Eintrittsstutzen enthält, in dem ein Rotor mit Mahlschaufeln und ein Rotorantrieb untergebracht sind. Der Rotor ist von einer Reihe Prall- und Abscheideschaufeln umgeben, die in einem bestimmten Abstand voneinander liegen. Die Spaltgröße zwischen den Schaufeln bestimmt die Separationsgrenze des Materials. Im unteren Teil des Gehäuses sind Sammelbehälter für das Grob- und Feingut mit jeweiligen Stutzen zum Ableiten von Grob- bzw. Feingut angeordnet.A disintegrator (see US-A-2656988, NPK 241-275, 1953) is known, which contains a housing with an inlet connection, in which a rotor with grinding blades and a rotor drive are accommodated. The rotor is surrounded by a series of impingement and separation blades, which are at a certain distance from each other. The gap size between the blades determines the separation limit of the material. In the lower part of the housing, collecting containers for the coarse and fine goods are arranged with respective nozzles for discharging coarse and fine goods.

Das zur Zerkleinerung bestimmte Material gelangt auf die Mahlschaufeln des Rotors un wird auf die Reihe der geneigten Prallschaufeln fortgeschleudert. Die Teilchen, deren Größe kleiner als der Spalt zwischen den Prall- und Abscheideschaufeln sind, fliegen zwischen ihnen hindurch und gelangen in den Feingutsammelbehälter, während die übrigen in den Grobgutsammelbehälter kommen.The material destined for comminution reaches the grinding blades of the rotor and is thrown onto the row of inclined impingement blades. The particles, the size of which is smaller than the gap between the impingement and separation blades, fly through between them and reach the fine material collection container, while the rest of the particles come into the coarse material collection container.

Während des Betriebs werden die Spalte zwischen den Schaufeln von den Teilchen verstopft, und die Ableitung von Feingut wird erschwert. Dabei ist die Anlage aufgrund der einmaligen Materialzerkleinerung zur Gewinnung von relativ großen Materialteilchen geeignet. Zur Gewinnung von kleinen Teilchen müssen die gröberen Teilchen der Nachmahlung zugeführt werden, was die Konstruktion des Desintegrators komplizierter macht, wobei auch der Spalt zwischen den Schaufeln zu verringern ist, was die Verstopfung der Spalten verstärkt und somit die Zerkleinerungseffektivität herabsetzt.During operation, the gaps between the blades become blocked by the particles and the removal of fines is made more difficult. Due to the unique material size reduction, the system is suitable for the extraction of relatively large material particles. In order to obtain small particles, the coarser particles have to be re-ground, which complicates the design of the disintegrator, and the gap between the blades must also be reduced, which increases the clogging of the gaps and thus reduces the grinding efficiency.

Bekannt ist ein Desintegrator entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruch 1 (DE-C--3490555 bzw. WO 85/02354), der ein Gehäuse sowie eine Mahlkammer enthält, die einen zylindrischen Teil mit einem Stutzen zur Aufgabe des Ausgangsmaterials in die Mahlkammer und zwei Seitenwände besitzt. In der Mahlkammer sind Rotoren untergebracht, die aus Tragscheiben mit Bearbeitungsringen bestehen und auf Wellen von Elektromotoren angebracht sind. Mit der Mahlkammer steht ein Kanal zum Ableiten des Materials aus der Mahlkammer in den Klassierer in Verbindung, der eine Reihe von geneigten Platten einschließt und mittels eines Kanals zum Feingutableiten mit einem zyklonartigen Sichter verbunden ist. An den Sichter ist ein Luftrückstromkanal zum Desintegrator angeschlossen, und an den Klassierer ist ein Kanal zum Rückführen der Grobfraktion des Materials zur erneuten Zerkleinerung angeschlossen.Known is a disintegrator according to the preamble of claim 1 (DE-C - 3490555 or WO 85/02354), which contains a housing and a grinding chamber, which has a cylindrical part with a nozzle for feeding the starting material into the grinding chamber and two side walls owns. The grinding chamber accommodates rotors, which consist of support disks with machining rings and are mounted on shafts of electric motors. A channel for discharging the material from the grinding chamber into the classifier is connected to the grinding chamber, which channel includes a series of inclined plates and is connected to a cyclone-type sifter by means of a channel for fine handling. An air return duct to the disintegrator is connected to the classifier and a duct to the classifier for returning the coarse fraction of the material for renewed comminution.

Das Material gelangt mit der Luft über den Stutzen in die Mahlkammer, wird von den Rotoren bearbeitet und in den Klasierer abgeleitet, in dem mit Hilfe von geneigten Platten die Feinfraktion abgeschieden und über den entsprechenden Kanal in den Sichter geleitet wird. Die Grobfraktion wird aus dem Klassierer über den Kanal zum Eintrittsstutzen zur erneuten Zerkleinerung geleitet.The material reaches the grinding chamber with the air, is processed by the rotors and discharged into the classifier, in which the fine fraction is separated with the help of inclined plates and fed into the classifier via the corresponding channel. The coarse fraction is fed from the classifier via the channel to the inlet nozzle for further comminution.

Dieser Desintegrator ist nicht effektiv genug, weil das gesamte Material nach der Zerkleinerung vermischt und zusammen mit der Luft dem Klassierer zugeführt wird, wo die Grob- und Feinfraktionen getrennt werden. Ein erheblicher Energienanteil wird für die Klassierung und Beförderung von Feinfraktion und Luft in den Sichter, von Luft aus dem Sichter zurückt in den Desintegrator aufgewendet.This disintegrator is not effective enough because all the material after crushing mixed and fed together with the air to the classifier, where the coarse and fine fractions are separated. A considerable amount of energy is used to classify and transport fine fraction and air into the classifier, and air from the classifier back into the disintegrator.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen solchen Desintegrator zu schaffen, bei dem die konstruktive Ausführung einzelner Baugruppen und die Gesamtanordnung derselben die Konstruktion des Desintegrators zu vereinfachen, die Abmessungen desselben zu verringern und den Energieaufwand für die Materialzerkleinerung bei gleicher Arbeitsleistung zu senken erlauben würde.The present invention has for its object to provide such a disintegrator, in which the structural design of individual assemblies and the overall arrangement of the same would simplify the construction of the disintegrator, reduce the dimensions of the same and allow the energy expenditure for material comminution to be reduced with the same work output .

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß im Desintegrator, der ein Gehäuse, eine Mahlkammer, welche einen zylindrischen Teil mit einem Stutzen zur Aufgabe des Ausgangsmaterials in die Mahlkammer und zwei Seitenwände besitzt und in welcher Rotoren untergebracht sind, die aus Tragscheiben mit Bearbeitungsringen bestehen und auf Wellen von Elektromotoren angebracht sind, einen Klassierer mit einer Reihe von geneigten Platten, eine Rückführeinheit zum Rückführen der Grobfraktion des Materials zur erneuten Zerkleinerung, einen Luft- und Materialfeinfraktionssichter enthält, mit dem ein Luftrückstromkanal und ein Sammelbehälter für die Feinfraktion des Materials in Verbindung stehen, erfindungsgemäß die geneigten Platten des Klassierers am Kreisumfang in der peripheren Zone der Mahlkammer in einem Abstand vom zylindrischen Teil derselben unter Bildung eines Ringspaltes angeordnet sind, mit dessen Hilfe mit der Mahlkammer der Luft- und Materialfeinfraktionssichter zur Aufgabe des Ausgangsmaterials in Verbindung gesetzt ist, der den einen von den Elektromotoren umfaßt und mittels des Luftrückstromkanals mit einem Luftverteiler in Verbindung steht, der den anderen Elektromotor umfaßt und mit der Mahlkammer mit Hilfe eines Ringspaltes verbunden ist, welcher vom Spalt zwischen den geneigten Klassiererplatten und dem letzten Bearbeitungsring gebildet ist, und daß ferner die Rückführeinheit zum Rückführen der Grobfraktion des Materials zur erneuten Zerkleinerung als bogenförmige Führung ausgebildet ist, die in unmittelbarer Nähe von einer Öffnung angeordnet ist, die in der Seitenwand der Mahlkammer ausgeführt und mit deren Hilfe die Mahlkammer mit dem Stutzen zur Aufgabe des Ausgangsmaterials in Verbindung gesetzt ist.The object is achieved in that in the disintegrator, which has a housing, a grinding chamber, which has a cylindrical part with a nozzle for feeding the starting material into the grinding chamber and two side walls and in which rotors are accommodated, which consist of support disks with machining rings and mounted on shafts of electric motors, a classifier with a series of inclined plates, a return unit for returning the coarse fraction of the material for re-comminution, an air and material fine fraction sifter with which an air backflow channel and a collecting container for the fine fraction of the material are connected , According to the invention, the inclined plates of the classifier are arranged on the circumference in the peripheral zone of the grinding chamber at a distance from the cylindrical part thereof to form an annular gap, with the aid of which the air and material fine fraction sifter for the task Abe of the starting material is connected, which comprises one of the electric motors and is connected by means of the air return duct with an air distributor, which comprises the other electric motor and is connected to the grinding chamber by means of an annular gap which is from the gap between the inclined classifier plates and the last processing ring is formed, and that the return unit for returning the coarse fraction of the material for renewed comminution is designed as an arcuate guide which is arranged in the immediate vicinity of an opening which is made in the side wall of the grinding chamber and with the aid of which the grinding chamber is used the nozzle is connected to the task of the starting material.

Zur Regelung der Materialfeinheit ist zweckmäßig, daß die geneigten Klassiererplatten schwenkbar ausgeführt sind.To regulate the fineness of the material, it is expedient that the inclined classifier plates are designed to be pivotable.

Zur Erhöhung der Arbeitsleistung des Desintegrators erwies es sich als vorteilhaft, ihn mit Leitschaufeln, die im Ringspalt zwischen den geneigten Klassiererplatten und dem zylindrischen Teil der Mahlkammer angeordnet sind, und einem Sauglüfter auszustatten, der im Luft- und Materialfeinfraktionssichter in unmittelbarer Nähe von dem erwähnten Ringspalt eingebaut und mit der Tragscheibe eines der Rotoren verbunden ist.To increase the performance of the disintegrator, it proved to be advantageous to equip it with guide vanes, which are arranged in the annular gap between the inclined classifier plates and the cylindrical part of the grinding chamber, and a suction fan, which is located in the air and material fine fraction separator in the immediate vicinity of the mentioned annular gap installed and connected to the support plate of one of the rotors.

Zu demselben Zweck erwies es sich als-günstig, den Desintegrator mit Leitschaufeln, die in dem Ringspalt angeordnet sind, der vom Spalt zwischen dem letzten Bearbeitungsring und den geneigten Klassiererplatten gebildet ist, und einem Drucklüfter auszustatten, der in der Mahlkammer in unmittelbarer Nähe von dem erwähnten Ringspalt eingebaut und mit dem anderen Rotor verbunden ist.For the same purpose, it was found to be advantageous to equip the disintegrator with guide vanes, which are arranged in the annular gap formed by the gap between the last processing ring and the inclined classifier plates, and a pressure fan, which is located in the grinding chamber in the immediate vicinity of the mentioned annular gap is installed and connected to the other rotor.

Die erfindungsgemäße Konstruktion des Desintegrators gestattet, seine Abmessungen erheblich zu verringern und den Energieaufwand um 10 bis 15% zu senken.The design of the disintegrator according to the invention makes it possible to reduce its dimensions considerably and to reduce the energy consumption by 10 to 15%.

Beste Ausführungsform der ErfindungBest embodiment of the invention

Im folgenden wird die vorliegende Erfindung an einem konkreten Ausführungsbeispiel derselben unter Bezugnahme auf beiliegende Zeichnungen erläutert, in diesen zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 die Gesamtansicht des Desintegrators, im Längsschnitt, gemäß der Erfindung;
  • Fig. 2 die Konstruktion der Mahlkammer des Desintegrators, im Querschnitt, gemäß der Erfindung;
  • Fig. 3 die Gesamtansicht des Desintegrators, Draufsicht, gemäß der Erfindung;
  • Fig. 4 die Gesamtansicht des Desintegrators, Seitenansicht, gemäß der Erfindung.
The present invention is explained below using a specific exemplary embodiment thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 shows the overall view of the disintegrator, in longitudinal section, according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows the construction of the grinding chamber of the disintegrator, in cross section, according to the invention.
  • 3 shows the overall view of the disintegrator, top view, according to the invention;
  • Fig. 4 shows the overall view of the disintegrator, side view, according to the invention.

Der erfindungsgemäße Desintegrator enthält ein Gehäuse 1 (Fig. 1), eine Mahlkammer 2, die einen zylindrischen Teil 3 mit einem Stuzen 4 zur Aufgabe eines Ausgangsmaterials 5 in die Mahlkammer 2 sowie Seitenwände 6 besitzt. In der Mahlkammer 2 sind zwei Rotoren angeordnet, von denen jeder aus Tragscheiben 7 und Bearbeitungsringen 8 besteht und auf Wellen 9 und 10 von jeweiligen Elektromotoren 11 und 12 angebracht ist.The disintegrator according to the invention contains a housing 1 (FIG. 1), a grinding chamber 2 which has a cylindrical part 3 with a support 4 for feeding a starting material 5 into the grinding chamber 2 and side walls 6. In the grinding chamber 2, two rotors are arranged, each of which consists of support disks 7 and machining rings 8 and is mounted on shafts 9 and 10 of respective electric motors 11 and 12.

Der Desintegrator enthält einen Klassierer, der eine Reihe von geneigten Platten 13 (Fig. 1 und 2) darstellt, die am Kreisumfang in der peripheren Zone der Mahlkammer 2 in einem bestimmten Abstand vom zylindrischen Teil 3 derselben unter Bildung eines Ringspaltes 14 liegen. Über den Ringspalt 14 steht die Mahlkammer 2 mit einem Luft- und Materialfeinfraktionssichter 15 in Verbindung, der den Elektromotor 11 umfaßt und sich zwischen dem Gehäuse 1 und einem Zylinder 16 befindet. Im Ringspalt 14 sind Leitschaufeln 17 (Fig. 1 und 2) angeordnet. An der unteren Teil des Sichters 15 ist ein Sammelbehälter 18 für die Feinfraktion des Materials angeschlossen, in dessen unterem Teil eine Einheit zum Austrag der Feinfraktion des Materials, beispielsweise in Gestalt einer Schnecke 19 mit einem Antrieb 20, vorgesehen ist. Der Sichter 15 steht mit Hilfe eines Luftrückstromkanals 21 mit einem Luftverteiler 22 in Verbindung, der den Elektromotor 12 umfaßt und zwischen dem Gehäuse 1 und einem Zylinder 23 liegt. Der Luftverteiler 22 ist mit der Mahlkammer 2 mit Hilfe eines Ringspaltes 24 (Fig. 1 und 2) verbunden, der vom Spalt zwischen den geneigten Platten 13 des Klassierers und dem letzten Bearbeitungsring 8 gebildet ist, welcher mit Lüftungsschaufeln 25 versehen ist. Im Ringspalt 24 sind Leitschaufeln 26 angeordnet, und in der Mahlkammer 2 ist ein Drucklüfter 27 eingebaut, dessen Schaufeln in unmittelbarer Nähe vom Spalt 24 liegen und der mit der Tragscheibe 7 des Rotors verbunden ist, der auf der Welle 10 des Elektromotors 12 angebracht ist. Im Sichter 15 ist ein Sauglüfter 28 eingebaut, dessen Schaufeln in unmittelbarer Nähe vom Ringspalt 14 liegen und der mit der Tragscheibe 7 des Rotors verbunden ist, der auf der Welle 9 des Elektromotors 11 angebracht ist. Die Rückführeinheit zum Rückführen der Grobfraktion des Materials zur erneuten Zerkleinerung ist als bogenförmige Führung 29 ausgebildet, die in unmittelbarer Nähe von einer Öffnung 30 angeordnet ist, die in der Seitenwand 6 der Mahlkammer 2 ausgeführt und mit deren Hilfe diese mit dem Stutzen 4 in Verbindung gesetzt ist.The disintegrator contains a classifier, which represents a series of inclined plates 13 (FIGS. 1 and 2) which are located on the circumference in the peripheral zone of the grinding chamber 2 at a certain distance from the cylindrical part 3 thereof, forming an annular gap 14. The grinding chamber 2 is connected via the annular gap 14 to an air and material fine fraction sifter 15, which comprises the electric motor 11 and is located between the housing 1 and a cylinder 16. Guide vanes 17 (FIGS. 1 and 2) are arranged in the annular gap 14. A collection container 18 for the fine fraction of the material is connected to the lower part of the classifier 15, in the lower part of which a unit for discharging the fine fraction of the material, for example in the form of a screw 19 with a drive 20, is provided. The classifier 15 is connected by means of an air backflow channel 21 to an air distributor 22 which comprises the electric motor 12 and is located between the housing 1 and a cylinder 23. The air distributor 22 is connected to the grinding chamber 2 by means of an annular gap 24 (Fig. 1 and 2), which is formed by the gap between the inclined plates 13 of the classifier and the last processing ring 8, which is provided with ventilation blades 25. Guide blades 26 are arranged in the annular gap 24, and a pressure fan 27 is installed in the grinding chamber 2, the blades of which are located in the immediate vicinity of the gap 24 and which is connected to the support disk 7 of the rotor, which is attached to the shaft 10 of the electric motor 12. In the sifter 15, a suction fan 28 is installed, the blades of which are in the immediate vicinity of the annular gap 14 and which is connected to the support disk 7 of the rotor, which is attached to the shaft 9 of the electric motor 11. The return unit for returning the coarse fraction of the material for renewed comminution is designed as an arcuate guide 29 which is arranged in the immediate vicinity of an opening 30 which is made in the side wall 6 of the grinding chamber 2 and with the aid of which it is connected to the connection piece 4 is.

Zur Vermeidung des Gelangens der Grobfraktion des Materials in die Feinfraktion ist zwischen dem Lüfter 28 und der Mahlkammer 2 eine Ringschranke 31 eingebaut. Zur Regelung der Materialfeineinheit sind die geneigten Platten 13 des Klassierers relativ zu einem Gelenk 32 schwenkbar ausgeführt, so daß hierdurch die Breite des zwischen den Platten 13 bestehenden Spaltes veränderbar ist.To prevent the coarse fraction of the material from reaching the fine fraction, an annular barrier 31 is installed between the fan 28 and the grinding chamber 2. In order to regulate the material fine unit, the inclined plates 13 of the classifier are designed to be pivotable relative to a joint 32, so that the width of the gap between the plates 13 can thereby be changed.

Zum Öffnen des Desintegrators ist der Kanal 21 (Fig. 3) geteilt ausgeführt und mit Flanschen 34 versehen, das Gehäuse 1 des Desintegrators aber ist mit einer Gelenkeinheit 35 ausgestattet. Zur Regelung des Luftstroms im Kanal 21 ist ein Schieber 36 vorgesehen.To open the disintegrator, the channel 21 (FIG. 3) is of split design and provided with flanges 34, but the housing 1 of the disintegrator is equipped with a joint unit 35. A slider 36 is provided to regulate the air flow in channel 21.

Zwischen dem Sichter 15 und dem Sammelbehälter 18 für die Feinfraktion des Materials ist eine Abtrennvorrichtung 37 (Fig. 4) angeordnet, die aus geneigten Platten besteht.A separator 37 (FIG. 4), which consists of inclined plates, is arranged between the classifier 15 and the collecting container 18 for the fine fraction of the material.

Der Desintegrator funktioniert folgenderweise.The disintegrator works as follows.

Das Ausgangsmaterial 5 (Fig. 1) gelangt durch den Stutzen 4 in die Mahlkammer 2, passiert sämtliche Bearbeitungsringe 8 und trifft auf die Reihe der geneigten Platten 13 (Fig. 2) des Klassierers. Das zerkleinerte Material gleitet auf ihnen, wobei für die Gleichmäßigkeit des Stroms die Lüftungsschaufeln 25 sorgen. Gleichzeitig wird die sich bewegende Schicht mit einem Luftstrom durchblasen, der von den Rotoren des Desintegrators, den Lüftern 27, 28 (Fig. 1) und den Lüftungsschaufeln 25 erzeugt wird. Durch Spalte 33 (Fig. 2) zwischen den geneigten Platten 13 wird zusammen mit der Luft auch die Feinfraktion des Materials abgeleitet, die durch den Ringspalt 14 in den Sichter 15 (Fig. 1) gelangt. Infolge der kreisenden Strombewegung, die mit Hilfe der Leitschaufein 17 und des Lüfters 28 herbeigeführt wird, setzt sich das Material an den Wänden des Sichters 15 ab, gleitet auf denselben und gelangt in den Sammelbehälter 18, von wo es vermittels der Austragseinheit abgeleitet wird. Die Luft gelangt aus dem Sichter 15 über den Kanal 21 (Fig. 3) in den Verteiler 22 (Fig. 1) und durch den Ringspalt 24 in die Mahlkammer 2. Die Grobfraktion des Materials gleitet über die Reihe der geneigten Platten 13 entlang der bögenförmigen Führung 29 und gelangt durch die Öffnung 30 in den Stutzen 4 und dann in die Mahlkammer 2 zur erneuten Zerkleinerung.The starting material 5 (FIG. 1) passes through the connection piece 4 into the grinding chamber 2, passes through all the processing rings 8 and meets the row of inclined plates 13 (FIG. 2) of the classifier. The shredded material slides on them, the ventilation blades 25 ensuring the uniformity of the flow. At the same time, the moving layer is blown through with an air stream which is generated by the rotors of the disintegrator, the fans 27, 28 (FIG. 1) and the ventilation blades 25. Through column 33 (FIG. 2) between the inclined plates 13, together with the air, the fine fraction of the material is also derived, which passes through the annular gap 14 into the classifier 15 (FIG. 1). As a result of the circular current movement, which is brought about with the aid of the guide vanes 17 and the fan 28, the material settles on the walls of the classifier 15, slides thereon and arrives in the collecting container 18, from where it is derived by means of the discharge unit. The air passes from the classifier 15 via the channel 21 (FIG. 3) into the distributor 22 (FIG. 1) and through the annular gap 24 into the grinding chamber 2. The coarse fraction of the material slides over the row of inclined plates 13 along the arcuate one Guide 29 and passes through the opening 30 in the nozzle 4 and then in the grinding chamber 2 for renewed comminution.

Die Reduzierung des Energieaufwandes wird erreicht: erstens dank Anordnung des Klassierers in der Mahlkammer 2, bei der er die Rotoren umfaßt. In dieser Zone ist die Gemischdichte gering, daher erfolgt das Klassieren ohne Energieaufwand für die Zuführung des Materials zum Klassierer; zweitens dank der unmittelbaren Verbindung des Sichters 15 mit der Mahlkammer 2, was den Energieaufwand für die Materialbeförderung verringert; drittens dank kürzeren Luftbewegungswegen.The reduction in energy expenditure is achieved: firstly thanks to the arrangement of the classifier in the grinding chamber 2, in which it comprises the rotors. The mixture density is low in this zone, so the classification takes place without energy expenditure for feeding the material to the classifier; secondly, thanks to the direct connection of the classifier 15 to the grinding chamber 2, which reduces the energy expenditure for the material transport; thirdly, thanks to shorter air movement paths.

Dabei ist die Konstruktion des Desintegrators kompakter geworden, so daß er eine geringere Industriefläche sowohl in der horizontalen wie auch in der vertikalen Richtung beanspruch.The design of the disintegrator has become more compact so that it takes up less industrial space in both the horizontal and vertical directions.

Gewerbliche VerwertbarkeitCommercial usability

Die Erfindung kann zur Zerkleinerung von Baustoffen, in der chemischen Technologie, zur Zerkleinerung von Getreide, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Spiritus, mit Vorteil angewendet werden.The invention can be used with advantage for comminuting building materials, in chemical technology, for comminuting grain, in particular for the production of spirit.

Claims (4)

1. Disintegrator, which has a housing (1), a grinding chamber (2), which has a cylindrical part (3) with a pipe (4) for feeding an initial material (5) into the grinding chamber (2) and two side walls (6) and in which are disposed rotors, which consist of supporting discs (7) with operating rings (8) and are arranged on shafts (9, 10) of electric motors (11, 12), a classifier with a series of inclined plates (13), a return unit for the return of the coarse fraction of the material for being further comminuted, an air and material fine fraction separator (15), with which are connected an air return flow duct (21) and a collecting container (18) for the fine fraction of the material, characterised in that the inclined plates (13) of the classifier are arranged on the circumference in the peripheral zone of the printing chamber (2) at a distance from the cylindrical part (3) thereof, with formation of an annular gap (14), with the aid of which the air and material fine fraction separator (15) is placed in communication with the grinding chamber (2), which separator encircles one of the electric motors (11) and communicates by way of the air return flow passage (21) with an air distributor (22) which encircles the other electric motor (12) and is connected to the grinding chamber (2) with the aid of an annular gap (24), which is formed by the gap between the inclined plates (13) of the classifier and the last operating ring (8), and that, in addition, the return unit for the return of the coarse fraction of the material for the renewed comminution is constructed as an arcuate guide member (29), which is arranged in the immediate vicinity of an opening (30), which is formed in the side wall (6) of the grinding chamber (2) and, with the aid thereof, the grinding chamber (2) is brought into communication with the pipe (4) for the feeding of the initial material.
2. Disintegrator according to claim 1, characterised in that the inclined plates (13) of the classifier are constructed to be pivotable.
3. Disintegrator according to claim 1, characterised in that it is equipped with guide blades (17), which are arranged in the annular gap (14) between the inclined plates (13) of the classifier and the cylindrical part (3) of the grinding chamber (2), and an exhaust fan (28), which is installed in the air and material fine fraction separator (15) in the immediate vicinity of the said annular gap (14) and is connected to the supporting disc (7) of one of the rotors.
4. Disintegrator according to claim 1, characterised in that it is equipped with guide blades (26), which are arranged in the annular gap (24), which is formed by the gap between the last operating ring (8) and the inclined plates (13) of the classifier, and a pressure fan (27) which is installed in the grinding chamber (2) in the immediate vicinity of the said annular gap (24) and is connected to the other rotor.
EP86904458A 1986-03-21 1986-03-21 Disintegrator Expired - Lifetime EP0261241B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT86904458T ATE59314T1 (en) 1986-03-21 1986-03-21 DISINTEGRATOR.

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PCT/SU1986/000022 WO1987005534A1 (en) 1986-03-21 1986-03-21 Disintegrator

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EP0261241A4 EP0261241A4 (en) 1989-05-30
EP0261241B1 true EP0261241B1 (en) 1990-12-27

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AT (1) ATE59314T1 (en)
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WO (1) WO1987005534A1 (en)

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NO166763B (en) 1991-05-27
DK605687D0 (en) 1987-11-18
WO1987005534A1 (en) 1987-09-24
US4813619A (en) 1989-03-21
NO874753D0 (en) 1987-11-13
EP0261241A4 (en) 1989-05-30
NO874753L (en) 1987-11-13
ATE59314T1 (en) 1991-01-15
NO166763C (en) 1991-09-04
EP0261241A1 (en) 1988-03-30
DK605687A (en) 1987-11-18

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