EP0260766B1 - Primary receiving unit for polarized microwaves, parabolic antenna and receiving station comprising such a unit - Google Patents
Primary receiving unit for polarized microwaves, parabolic antenna and receiving station comprising such a unit Download PDFInfo
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- EP0260766B1 EP0260766B1 EP87201772A EP87201772A EP0260766B1 EP 0260766 B1 EP0260766 B1 EP 0260766B1 EP 87201772 A EP87201772 A EP 87201772A EP 87201772 A EP87201772 A EP 87201772A EP 0260766 B1 EP0260766 B1 EP 0260766B1
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- Prior art keywords
- depolarizer
- polarization
- receiving
- head end
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/165—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation
- H01P1/17—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation for producing a continuously rotating polarisation, e.g. circular polarisation
- H01P1/172—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation for producing a continuously rotating polarisation, e.g. circular polarisation using a dielectric element
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a reception head for receiving broadcasts in television channels whose frequencies are in the microwave range, and for receiving only one type of polarization from among four types, namely two first polarization types.
- conjugate one says rectilinear X, the other says rectilinear Y, and two second types with conjugated polarizations, one says circular right, the other says circular left, which microwaves present simultaneously, for each television channel , two conjugate polarizations, with selection control means, for alternately selecting one or the other of said conjugate polarizations, means which are constituted by the rotation of a front depolarizer around the axis of propagation of the micro- waves, at an angle equal to 90 °, the head comprising, along the axis of propagation from the front depolarizer, a waveguide collector.
- the present invention also relates to a parabolic antenna and a reception station provided with such a reception head.
- This type of antenna is used in particular to receive radio signals from a geostationary satellite, for example television signals whose carrier frequency is between 10 and 13 GHz.
- a “general public” type antenna must, at the best price, be able to select alternately a wave polarization from among two conjugates in order to access, as desired, each of the two television programs transmitted on the same channel by a satellite. . Depending on the channel, these polarizations are either straight or circular.
- This device also includes a second rotating polarizer, too, with a complicated control system ("Selsyn" system) so that one polarizer rotates twice as much as the other.
- the present invention aims to provide a simpler device, which nevertheless allows the reception of the four types of polarization.
- the invention is based on the remark that a satellite television antenna can, at a given moment, be pointed only at a single satellite, or group of satellites, always transmitting either in rectilinear polarization X and / or Y, or in circular polarization D and / or G.
- a reception head is particularly remarkable in that the waveguide collector which follows the first rotating polarizer is fixed, and in that the head further comprises a mode selector and a converter , both of which are also fixed.
- the front depolarizer With the single rotation of the frontal depolarizer the selection of two conjugate waves is carried out at the lowest cost and with excellent quality.
- the front depolarizer is a light piece and therefore easy to rotate and guide in rotation; therefore the drop shadow is minimized.
- Such a reception head is designed to receive waves of a single type of polarization among two types, namely a first type called rectilinear X, Y, or a second type called circular D, G; the rotation of the only frontal depolarizer makes it possible to select X or Y in one case, D or G in the other case, but not both.
- a reception head is particularly remarkable in that the said waveguide collector comprises a housing for accommodating therein, or not, a depolarizer for changing the type, the presence, or the non-presence, in said housing of said type change depolarizer having the effect of respectively allowing the reception of waves of one or the other type among the two types of polarization.
- a receiving head is capable at the slightest cost of receiving and selecting all wave types regardless of polarization; whether or not the addition of the type change depolarizer is not a disadvantage for domestic use by the general public; indeed an antenna can, at a given moment, be pointed only towards a single satellite, or group of satellites, always transmitting either in X, Y or in D, G, whatever the channel, in other words there is There is no mixed situation X, Y and D, G and it is easy during the installation of the antenna in the user to add or not the depolarizer of change of type according to the direction which is aimed.
- a reception head according to the invention therefore comprises two embodiments depending on whether the type change depolarizer is present or not.
- Such a reception head is generally used at the hearth of a satellite dish which is installed outside, on the roof or on the balcony for example; a complete reception station furthermore includes internal channel selection equipment, it is then particularly advantageous if the reception head comprises a motor for controlling the rotational movement of said front depolarizer, and that said channel selection equipment comprises control means for controlling said motor.
- Figure 1 schematically shows a receiving station.
- FIG. 2 represents the 2 operating modes of each of the two versions of reception head according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 represents the positions of the elements of the reception head.
- FIG. 4 represents a reception head according to the invention.
- a reception station is schematically represented in an example of domestic installation at a user's home; the station includes channel selection equipment (ESC) generally installed inside, and a reception head (TR) arranged at the focal point and in the axis of the parabolic antenna (P) which is represented situated on a balcony (B); the axis of the parabolic reflector points towards a satellite (SAT) in the direction of the arrow; the incident microwaves (MOI) are reflected towards the focal point of the dish; the reception head (TR) constitutes the main part of the antenna since it is there that the microwaves are collected to generate a usable electrical signal; the electrical signal is transmitted to the interior equipment (ESC) by a coaxial cable (COAX); the element (TR) is fixed to the parabolic reflector by fixing feet (PF) generally three in number.
- ESC channel selection equipment
- TR reception head
- PF fixing feet
- FIG. 1 The elements shown in FIG. 1 are well known, but it should be emphasized that certain elements involuntarily harm the proper functioning of the assembly because of the screen effect, or of the drop shadow, which they exercise between the microwave and the dish; these are the feet (PF), the cable (COAX) and the receiving head (TR). It is clear that to reduce the price of the assembly, and improve the quality of the reception of the waves, it is necessary to reduce the weight, the bulk, the complexity of these elements while retaining their functional qualities; for example, by reducing the weight of the receiving head (TR), we can save on its volume and the size of the feet (PF) and therefore reduce the shade cast.
- the object of the invention is to simplify the reception head to produce an inexpensive consumer antenna with efficient and long-lasting operation.
- This object is notably achieved by minimizing the number of moving parts of the receiving head and the shade cast on the parabolic reflector.
- a satisfactory reception head comprises only one movable part, the front depolarizer; it is a light piece, the case of the conventional dielectric blade depolarizer, which is easy to rotate with a small, space-saving motor.
- the reception head consists of a mobile front depolarizer (POM), a waveguide collector (COG), a mode selector (SM), and a converter (CO); the selected signal is transmitted electrically in the cable (COAX).
- POM mobile front depolarizer
- COG waveguide collector
- SM mode selector
- COAX converter
- the incident microwaves leave the depolarizer transformed into output microwaves (MOS); circular waves with two conjugate polarizations (D for right, G for left) become rectilinear waves with two conjugate polarizations (X for horizontal, Y for vertical) and vice versa; depending on the position of the polarizer / depolarizer -the two positions P and P are ⁇ / 2 from each other - an incident wave Di becomes Y or X respectively, an incident wave Gi becomes X or Y respectively, etc.
- FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b The first version, FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b, is suitable for a satellite which emits microwaves (MOI) of a circular type with two possible right and left conjugate incident polarizations (Di and Gi); at a given moment the user is only interested in a single program, that is to say a single polarization, either Di or Gi; the invention takes advantage of this observation.
- MOI microwaves
- Di and Gi right and left conjugate incident polarizations
- FIG. 2a shows how, in a first position (P) of the mobile depolarizer (POM), the incident circular waves (Di, Gi) become rectilinear waves (X, Y); after passing through the waveguide (COG), the mode selector (SM) stores in a single X wave which is converted by the converter (CO) into an electrical signal which, in the case of FIG. 2a, is representative of the right incident incident circular wave Di.
- FIGS. 2c and 2d correspond to the version of the reception head suitable for a satellite which transmits microwaves of a rectilinear type with two possible conjugate incident polarizations horizontal and vertical (Xi and Yi); the constitution of the reception head is identical to that of FIGS. 2a and 2b except that in the waveguide collector (COG) a fixed depolarizer (POF) has been added to effect the version change.
- the incident waves Xi, Yi become circular waves (D and G) through the mobile depolarizer (POM); the fixed depolarizer (POF) transforms these waves into (X and Y) so that the electrical signal present on the cable (COAX) is now representative either of the incident wave Xi in the case of FIG. 2c, or of l incident wave Yi in the case of FIG. 2d.
- a conventional dielectric plate depolarizer is used rather than a meander depolarizer like that indicated in the cited patent.
- a radome can be directly incorporated to the mobile depolarizer, thus the interior of the receiving head is protected from the weather.
- FIGS. 3c and 3d we see the two operating positions of the reception head for rectilinear waves, that is to say with two depolarizers.
- the plane of the fixed depolarizer (POF) is inclined at an angle of 45 ° relative to the main axis of the converter input waveguide (CO).
- the plane of the mobile depolarizer (POM) is either in the same plane as the fixed depolarizer (POF) case of FIGS. 3a and 3c, or in a plane perpendicular to the fixed depolarizer (POF) case of FIGS. 3b and 3d.
- depolarizers are here represented as thin dielectric plates having the shape of a rectangle provided with a point; this representation is obviously not limiting since there are already multiple forms of depolarizer, each form being chosen, more or less empirically, as a function of multiple parameters: dimensions of the waveguide, expected operating frequencies, etc.
- this motorization does not present any particular technical difficulty in itself, especially since only a small motor is sufficient since the movement is only thwarted by friction.
- FIG. 4 A nonlimiting example of such an embodiment is drawn in perspective in FIG. 4 in which only the reception head (TR) of FIG. 1 is represented.
- the references are the same as those in FIG. 2, namely: mobile depolarizer (POM), waveguide collector (COG), optional fixed depolarizer (POF), converter (CO).
- POM mobile depolarizer
- COG waveguide collector
- POF optional fixed depolarizer
- CO converter
- the wings (AI) correspond to the fixing points on the fixing feet (PF in Figure 1).
- the control motor (COM) is clamped directly to the body of the waveguide and a pinion (P) fixed on the motor axis engages a toothed sector (SD) integral with the mobile depolarizer (POM).
- the motor is controlled from the interior selection equipment (reference ESC in FIG. 1) in a known manner.
- the toothed sector (SD) is a preferred embodiment with a motor which rotates alternately in each of the two directions and which stops automatically when the pinion (P) arrives at the end of the toothed sector (SD) by detecting, for example , an over-consumption of electric current.
- the toothed sector is in fact a ring gear with a motor rotating in one direction and an adequate device to stop the motor when the mobile depolarizer reaches the desired position.
- a receiving head according to the invention is very compact, even with a motor, so that its shadow cast on the parabolic reflector is extremely reduced.
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Description
La présente invention a pour objet une tête de réception pour recevoir des émissions dans des canaux de télévision dont les fréquences sont dans la gamme des micro-ondes, et pour recevoir un seul type de polarisation parmi quatre types, à savoir deux premiers types à polarisations conjuguées, l'un dit rectiligne X, l'autre dit rectiligne Y, et deux seconds types à polarisations conjuguées, l'un dit circulaire droit, l'autre dit circulaire gauche, lesquelles micro-ondes présentent simultanément, pour chaque canal de télévision, deux polarisations conjuguées, avec des moyens de commande de sélection, pour sélectionner alternativement l'une ou l'autre des dites polarisations conjuguées, moyens qui sont constitués par la rotation d'un dépolariseur frontal autour de l'axe de propagation des micro-ondes, d'un angle égal à 90°, la tête comportant, en suivant l'axe de propagation à partir du dépolariseur frontal, un collecteur guide d'onde.The subject of the present invention is a reception head for receiving broadcasts in television channels whose frequencies are in the microwave range, and for receiving only one type of polarization from among four types, namely two first polarization types. conjugate, one says rectilinear X, the other says rectilinear Y, and two second types with conjugated polarizations, one says circular right, the other says circular left, which microwaves present simultaneously, for each television channel , two conjugate polarizations, with selection control means, for alternately selecting one or the other of said conjugate polarizations, means which are constituted by the rotation of a front depolarizer around the axis of propagation of the micro- waves, at an angle equal to 90 °, the head comprising, along the axis of propagation from the front depolarizer, a waveguide collector.
La présente invention a aussi pour objet une antenne parabolique et une station de réception munies d'une telle tête de réception.The present invention also relates to a parabolic antenna and a reception station provided with such a reception head.
Ce genre d'antenne est notamment utilisé pour recevoir des signaux hertziens en provenance d'un satellite géostationnaire, par exemple des signaux de télévision dont la fréquence porteuse est comprise entre 10 et 13 GHz.This type of antenna is used in particular to receive radio signals from a geostationary satellite, for example television signals whose carrier frequency is between 10 and 13 GHz.
La banalisation actuelle de la télévision par satellite amène à rechercher des économies de bande passante ce qui est notamment réalisé en exploitant simultanément pour un même canal et un même satellite deux polarisations d'ondes orthogonales ou conjuguées.The current trivialization of satellite television leads to seek bandwidth savings which is notably achieved by simultaneously operating for the same channel and the same satellite two polarizations of orthogonal or conjugate waves.
Une antenne de type "grand public" doit, au meilleur prix, être apte à sélectionner alternativement une polarisation d'onde parmi deux conjuguées afin d'accéder, au choix, à chacun des deux programmes de télévision transmis sur un même canal par un satellite. Selon le canal ces polarisations sont soit rectilignes soit circulaires.A “general public” type antenna must, at the best price, be able to select alternately a wave polarization from among two conjugates in order to access, as desired, each of the two television programs transmitted on the same channel by a satellite. . Depending on the channel, these polarizations are either straight or circular.
Dans le brevet US-A-3,215,957 est décrit un appareil pour adapter un radar à un changement de mode de polarisation parmi les quatre modes possibles, qui comporte un dépolariseur frontal rotatif autour de l'axe de propagation des micro-ondes pour sélectionner alternativement l'une ou l'autre de diverses polarisations.In patent US-A-3,215,957 is described an apparatus for adapting a radar to a change of polarization mode among the four modes possible, which includes a rotary front depolarizer around the microwave propagation axis to alternately select one or the other of various polarizations.
Ce dispositif comporte en outre un deuxième polariseur tournant lui aussi, avec un système de commande compliqué (système "Selsyn") pour qu'un polariseur tourne deux fois plus que l'autre.This device also includes a second rotating polarizer, too, with a complicated control system ("Selsyn" system) so that one polarizer rotates twice as much as the other.
La présente invention a pour but de fournir un dispositif plus simple, qui permette néanmoins la réception des quatre types de polarisation.The present invention aims to provide a simpler device, which nevertheless allows the reception of the four types of polarization.
L'invention s'appuie sur la remarque qu'une antenne satellite de télévision ne peut, à un moment donné, être pointée que vers un seul satellite, ou groupe de satellites, émettant toujours soit en polarisation rectiligne X et/ou Y, soit en polarisation circulaire D et/ou G.The invention is based on the remark that a satellite television antenna can, at a given moment, be pointed only at a single satellite, or group of satellites, always transmitting either in rectilinear polarization X and / or Y, or in circular polarization D and / or G.
A cet effet, une tête de réception conforme à l'invention est particulièrement remarquable en ce que le collecteur guide d'onde qui suit le premier polariseur tournant est fixe, et en ce que la tête comporte en outre un sélecteur de mode et un convertisseur, qui sont tous deux fixes également.To this end, a reception head according to the invention is particularly remarkable in that the waveguide collector which follows the first rotating polarizer is fixed, and in that the head further comprises a mode selector and a converter , both of which are also fixed.
Avec la seule rotation du dépolariseur frontal la sélection de deux ondes conjuguées est réalisée au moindre coût et avec une excellente qualité. En outre le dépolariseur frontal est une pièce légère et donc facile à faire tourner et à guider en rotation ; de ce fait l'ombre portée est réduite au minimum.With the single rotation of the frontal depolarizer the selection of two conjugate waves is carried out at the lowest cost and with excellent quality. In addition the front depolarizer is a light piece and therefore easy to rotate and guide in rotation; therefore the drop shadow is minimized.
Une telle tête de réception est conçue pour recevoir des ondes d'un seul type de polarisation parmi deux types à savoir un premier type dit rectiligne X,Y, ou un deuxième type dit circulaire D,G; la rotation du seul dépolariseur frontal permet en effet de sélectionner X ou Y dans un cas, D ou G dans l'autre cas, mais pas les deux.Such a reception head is designed to receive waves of a single type of polarization among two types, namely a first type called rectilinear X, Y, or a second type called circular D, G; the rotation of the only frontal depolarizer makes it possible to select X or Y in one case, D or G in the other case, but not both.
Pour être utilisable dans les deux cas, une tête de réception conforme à l'invention est particulièrement remarquable en ce que le dit collecteur guide d'onde comporte un logement pour y loger, ou non, un dépolariseur de changement de type, la présence, ou la non-présence, dans le dit logement du dit dépolariseur de changement de type ayant pour effet de permettre respectivement la réception des ondes de l'un, ou de l'autre, type parmi les deux types de polarisation.To be usable in both cases, a reception head according to the invention is particularly remarkable in that the said waveguide collector comprises a housing for accommodating therein, or not, a depolarizer for changing the type, the presence, or the non-presence, in said housing of said type change depolarizer having the effect of respectively allowing the reception of waves of one or the other type among the two types of polarization.
Ainsi une tête de réception est capable au moindre coût de recevoir et de sélectionner tous les types d'onde quelle que soit la polarisation; le fait de l'adjonction, ou non, du dépolariseur de changement de type n'est pas un inconvénient pour une utilisation domestique grand public; en effet une antenne ne peut, à un moment donné, être pointée que vers un seul satellite, ou groupe de satellites, émettant toujours soit en X, Y soit en D, G, quel que soit le canal, autrement dit il n'y a pas de situation mixte X,Y et D,G et il est aisé lors de l'installation de l'antenne chez l'usager d'adjoindre ou non le dépolariseur de changement de type selon la direction qui est visée.So a receiving head is capable at the slightest cost of receiving and selecting all wave types regardless of polarization; whether or not the addition of the type change depolarizer is not a disadvantage for domestic use by the general public; indeed an antenna can, at a given moment, be pointed only towards a single satellite, or group of satellites, always transmitting either in X, Y or in D, G, whatever the channel, in other words there is There is no mixed situation X, Y and D, G and it is easy during the installation of the antenna in the user to add or not the depolarizer of change of type according to the direction which is aimed.
Une tête de réception selon l'invention comporte donc deux versions de réalisation selon que le dépolariseur de changement de type est présent ou non.A reception head according to the invention therefore comprises two embodiments depending on whether the type change depolarizer is present or not.
Une telle tête de réception est en général utilisée au foyer d'une antenne parabolique laquelle est installée à l'extérieur, sur le toit ou sur le balcon par exemple; une station de réception complète comporte en outre un équipement intérieur de sélection de canal, il est alors particulièrement avantageux que la tête de réception comporte un moteur pour commander le mouvement de rotation du dit dépolariseur frontal, et que le dit équipement de sélection de canal comporte des moyens de contrôle pour contrôler le dit moteur.Such a reception head is generally used at the hearth of a satellite dish which is installed outside, on the roof or on the balcony for example; a complete reception station furthermore includes internal channel selection equipment, it is then particularly advantageous if the reception head comprises a motor for controlling the rotational movement of said front depolarizer, and that said channel selection equipment comprises control means for controlling said motor.
La présente invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description, non limitative, d'un exemple de réalisation ci-après décrit à l'aide des figures jointes.The present invention will be better understood with the aid of the nonlimiting description of an exemplary embodiment below described with the aid of the attached figures.
La figure 1 représente schématiquement une station de réception.Figure 1 schematically shows a receiving station.
La figure 2 représente les 2 modes opératoires de chacune des deux versions de tête de réception selon l'invention.FIG. 2 represents the 2 operating modes of each of the two versions of reception head according to the invention.
La figure 3 représente les positions des éléments de la tête de réception.FIG. 3 represents the positions of the elements of the reception head.
La figure 4 représente une tête de réception selon l'invention.FIG. 4 represents a reception head according to the invention.
Sur la figure 1, une station de réception est schématiquement représentée dans un exemple d'installation domestique chez un usager; la station comporte un équipement de sélection de canal (ESC) généralement installé à l'intérieur,et une tête de réception (TR) disposée au foyer et dans l'axe de l'antenne parabolique (P) laquelle est représentée située sur un balcon (B); l'axe du réflecteur parabolique pointe vers un satellite (SAT) dans la direction de la flèche; les microondes incidentes (MOI) sont réfléchies vers le foyer de la parabole; la tête de réception (TR) constitue la partie principale de l'antenne puisque c'est là que sont collectées les micro-ondes pour engendrer un signal électrique utilisable; le signal électrique est transmis à l'équipement intérieur (ESC) par un cable coaxial (COAX); l'élément (TR) est fixé sur le réflecteur parabolique par des pieds de fixation (PF) généralement au nombre de trois.In FIG. 1, a reception station is schematically represented in an example of domestic installation at a user's home; the station includes channel selection equipment (ESC) generally installed inside, and a reception head (TR) arranged at the focal point and in the axis of the parabolic antenna (P) which is represented situated on a balcony (B); the axis of the parabolic reflector points towards a satellite (SAT) in the direction of the arrow; the incident microwaves (MOI) are reflected towards the focal point of the dish; the reception head (TR) constitutes the main part of the antenna since it is there that the microwaves are collected to generate a usable electrical signal; the electrical signal is transmitted to the interior equipment (ESC) by a coaxial cable (COAX); the element (TR) is fixed to the parabolic reflector by fixing feet (PF) generally three in number.
Les éléments représentées sur la figure 1 sont bien connus, mais il convient de bien souligner que certains éléments portent, involontairement, préjudice au bon fonctionnement de l'ensemble à cause de l'effet d'écran, ou d'ombre portée, qu'ils exercent entre les micro-ondes et la parabole; il s'agit des pieds (PF), du cable (COAX) et de la tête de réception (TR). Il est clair que pour réduire le prix de l'ensemble, et améliorer la qualité de la réception des ondes, il convient de réduire le poids, l'encombrement, la complexité de ces éléments tout en conservant leurs qualités fonctionnelles; par exemple en réduisant le poids de la tête de réception (TR) on peut gagner sur son volume et sur la taille des pieds (PF) et donc réduire l'ombre portée.The elements shown in FIG. 1 are well known, but it should be emphasized that certain elements involuntarily harm the proper functioning of the assembly because of the screen effect, or of the drop shadow, which they exercise between the microwave and the dish; these are the feet (PF), the cable (COAX) and the receiving head (TR). It is clear that to reduce the price of the assembly, and improve the quality of the reception of the waves, it is necessary to reduce the weight, the bulk, the complexity of these elements while retaining their functional qualities; for example, by reducing the weight of the receiving head (TR), we can save on its volume and the size of the feet (PF) and therefore reduce the shade cast.
Dans les antennes connues, comme celle décrite dans le brevet cité, il y a de multiples pièces mobiles notamment le convertisseur, d'où les inconvénients déjà mentionnés : nécessité d'un moteur puissant, torsion du cable,...; on connaît par ailleurs, pour éviter la rotation du convertisseur, la technologie du joint tournant qui est appliquée au guide d'onde mais cette technologie est délicate, car il faut maintenir une continuité électrique lors de la rotation; c'est une solution chère et, de ce fait, elle ne constitue pas une solution satisfaisante au problème technique mentionné ci-dessus.In known antennas, such as that described in the cited patent, there are multiple moving parts including the converter, hence the drawbacks already mentioned: need for a powerful motor, twisting of the cable, ...; we also know, to avoid rotation of the converter, the technology of the rotary joint which is applied to the waveguide but this technology is delicate, because it is necessary to maintain electrical continuity during rotation; it is an expensive solution and, therefore, does not constitute a satisfactory solution to the technical problem mentioned above.
Le but l'invention est de simplifier la tête de réception pour réaliser une antenne grand public bon marché avec un fonctionnement efficace et de longue durée.The object of the invention is to simplify the reception head to produce an inexpensive consumer antenna with efficient and long-lasting operation.
Ce but est notamment atteint en minimisant le nombre de pièces mobiles de la tête de réception et l'ombre portée sur le réflecteur parabolique.This object is notably achieved by minimizing the number of moving parts of the receiving head and the shade cast on the parabolic reflector.
Selon l'invention, une tête de réception satisfaisante ne comporte qu'une pièce mobile, le dépolariseur frontal; c'est une pièce légère, cas du dépolariseur à lame diélectrique classique, qu'il est aisé de faire tourner avec un petit moteur peu encombrant.According to the invention, a satisfactory reception head comprises only one movable part, the front depolarizer; it is a light piece, the case of the conventional dielectric blade depolarizer, which is easy to rotate with a small, space-saving motor.
Le principe de fonctionnement d'une telle antenne est détaillé à la figure 2 avec ses deux versions selon les caractéristiques du satellite vers lequel l'antenne est pointée.The operating principle of such an antenna is detailed in Figure 2 with its two versions according to the characteristics of the satellite to which the antenna is pointed.
La tête de réception (TR) est constituée d'un dépolariseur frontal mobile (POM), d'un collecteur guide d'onde (COG), d'un sélecteur de mode (SM), et d'un convertisseur (CO); le signal sélectionné est transmis électriquement dans le cable (COAX).The reception head (TR) consists of a mobile front depolarizer (POM), a waveguide collector (COG), a mode selector (SM), and a converter (CO); the selected signal is transmitted electrically in the cable (COAX).
Dans le tableau ci-dessous la transformation des ondes dans un dépolariseur est brièvement rappelée : les micro-ondes incidentes (MOI) sortent du dépolariseur transformées en micro-ondes de sorties (MOS); les ondes circulaires à deux polarisations conjuguées (D pour droite, G pour gauche) deviennent des ondes rectilignes à deux polarisations conjuguées (X pour horizontal, Y pour vertical) et réciproquement; selon la position du polariseur/dépolariseur -les deux positions P et 
Les deux types de polarisation, circulaire et rectiligne, sont exclusifs l'un de l'autre.The two types of polarization, circular and rectilinear, are mutually exclusive.
La première version, figure 2a et figure 2b, est convenable pour un satellite qui émet des micro-ondes (MOI) d'un type circulaire avec deux polarisations incidentes conjuguées possibles droite et gauche (Di et Gi); à un moment donné l'usager n'est intéressé que par un seul programme c'est à dire une seule polarisation, soit Di, soit Gi; l'invention tire parti de cette constatation.The first version, FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b, is suitable for a satellite which emits microwaves (MOI) of a circular type with two possible right and left conjugate incident polarizations (Di and Gi); at a given moment the user is only interested in a single program, that is to say a single polarization, either Di or Gi; the invention takes advantage of this observation.
La figure 2a montre comment, dans une première position (P) du dépolariseur mobile (POM) les ondes circulaires incidentes (Di, Gi) deviennent des ondes rectilignes (X,Y); après le passage dans le guide d'onde (COG), le sélecteur de mode (SM) conserve en seule onde X laquelle est convertie par le convertisseur (CO) en un signal électrique qui, dans le cas de la figure 2a, est représentatif de l'onde circulaire incidente droite Di.FIG. 2a shows how, in a first position (P) of the mobile depolarizer (POM), the incident circular waves (Di, Gi) become rectilinear waves (X, Y); after passing through the waveguide (COG), the mode selector (SM) stores in a single X wave which is converted by the converter (CO) into an electrical signal which, in the case of FIG. 2a, is representative of the right incident incident circular wave Di.
Dans le cas de la figure 2b, similairement au cas de la figure 2a, mais avec une deuxième position (
Les figures 2c et 2d correspondent à la version de la tête de réception convenable pour un satellite qui émet des micro-ondes d'un type rectiligne avec deux polarisations incidentes conjuguées possibles horizontale et verticale (Xi et Yi); la constitution de la tête de réception est identique à celle des figures 2a et 2b sauf que dans le collecteur guide d'onde (COG) il a été ajouté un dépolariseur fixe (POF) pour réaliser le changement de version. Les ondes incidentes Xi, Yi deviennent des ondes circulaires (D et G) en traversant le dépolariseur mobile (POM); le dépolariseur fixe (POF) transforme ces ondes en (X et Y) de telle sorte que le signal électrique présent sur le cable (COAX) est maintenant représentatif soit de l'onde incidente Xi dans le cas de la figure 2c, soit de l'onde incidente Yi dans le cas de la figure 2d.FIGS. 2c and 2d correspond to the version of the reception head suitable for a satellite which transmits microwaves of a rectilinear type with two possible conjugate incident polarizations horizontal and vertical (Xi and Yi); the constitution of the reception head is identical to that of FIGS. 2a and 2b except that in the waveguide collector (COG) a fixed depolarizer (POF) has been added to effect the version change. The incident waves Xi, Yi become circular waves (D and G) through the mobile depolarizer (POM); the fixed depolarizer (POF) transforms these waves into (X and Y) so that the electrical signal present on the cable (COAX) is now representative either of the incident wave Xi in the case of FIG. 2c, or of l incident wave Yi in the case of FIG. 2d.
La réalisation matérielle d'une telle tête de réception avec ses deux versions ne pose pas de problème particulier puisque chaque constituant pris isolément est simple et bien connu de l'homme de l'art; le progrès technique réalisé par l'invention réside précisément dans cette simplicité de réalisation que ne met en oeuvre qu'un simple dépolariseur frontal (POM) rotatif d'un angle π/2 autour d'un axe avec deux positions de fonctionnement, auquel on adjoint, ou non, un autre dépolariseur fixe optionnel (POF); cette simplicité est à rapprocher de la complexité des réalisations antérieurement connues pour résoudre le problème de la réception des diverses polarisations des micro-ondes.The physical production of such a reception head with its two versions does not pose any particular problem since each constituent taken in isolation is simple and well known to those skilled in the art; the technical progress achieved by the invention lies precisely in this simplicity of implementation which only a simple frontal depolarizer (POM) rotates by an angle π / 2 around an axis with two operating positions, to which whether or not to add another optional fixed depolarizer (POF); this simplicity is to be compared to the complexity of the previously known embodiments for solving the problem of the reception of the various polarizations of the microwaves.
Un avantage notable résulte de ce que le cable (COAX) n'est plus tordu : d'une part il ne s'abime pas mécaniquement, d'autre part il peut être fixé de telle sorte que son ombre portée soit nulle.A notable advantage results from the fact that the cable (COAX) is no longer twisted: on the one hand it does not damage itself mechanically, on the other hand it can be fixed so that its drop shadow is zero.
De préférence un dépolariseur à lame diélectrique classique est utilisé plutôt qu'un dépolariseur à méandres comme celui indiqué dans le brevet cité.Preferably a conventional dielectric plate depolarizer is used rather than a meander depolarizer like that indicated in the cited patent.
De préférence un radome peut être directement incorporé au dépolariseur mobile, ainsi l'intérieur de la tête de réception est protégé des intempéries.Preferably a radome can be directly incorporated to the mobile depolarizer, thus the interior of the receiving head is protected from the weather.
Sur la figure 3 les positionnements dans l'espace des divers composants de la tête de réception sont représentés.In Figure 3 the positions in space of the various components of the receiving head are shown.
Avec les figures 3a et 3b on voit les deux positions de fonctionnement de la tête de réception pour ondes circulaires, c'est à dire avec un seul dépolariseur.With Figures 3a and 3b we see the two operating positions of the receiving head for circular waves, that is to say with a single depolarizer.
Avec les figures 3c et 3d on voit les deux positions de fonctionnement de la tête de réception pour ondes rectilignes, c'est à dire avec deux dépolariseurs.With FIGS. 3c and 3d we see the two operating positions of the reception head for rectilinear waves, that is to say with two depolarizers.
Le plan du dépolariseur fixe (POF) est incliné d'un angle de 45° par rapport à l'axe principal du guide d'onde d'entrée du convertisseur (CO).The plane of the fixed depolarizer (POF) is inclined at an angle of 45 ° relative to the main axis of the converter input waveguide (CO).
Le plan du dépolariseur mobile (POM) est soit dans le même plan que le dépolariseur fixe (POF) cas des figures 3a et 3c, soit dans un plan perpendiculaire au dépolariseur fixe (POF) cas des figures 3b et 3d.The plane of the mobile depolarizer (POM) is either in the same plane as the fixed depolarizer (POF) case of FIGS. 3a and 3c, or in a plane perpendicular to the fixed depolarizer (POF) case of FIGS. 3b and 3d.
Les dépolariseurs sont ici représentés comme des lames diélectriques de faible épaisseur ayant la forme d'un rectangle pourvu d'une pointe; cette représentation n'est évidemment pas limitative car il existe déjà de multiples formes de dépolariseur, chaque forme étant choisie, plus ou moins empiriquement, en fonction de multiples paramètres : dimensions du guide d'onde, fréquences de fonctionnement prévues, etc...The depolarizers are here represented as thin dielectric plates having the shape of a rectangle provided with a point; this representation is obviously not limiting since there are already multiple forms of depolarizer, each form being chosen, more or less empirically, as a function of multiple parameters: dimensions of the waveguide, expected operating frequencies, etc.
Il est avantageux de motoriser le mouvement du dépolariseur mobile, cette motorisation ne présente pas de difficulté technique particulière en elle-même d'autant que seulement un petit moteur est suffisant puisque le mouvement n'est contrarié que par des frottements.It is advantageous to motorize the movement of the mobile depolarizer, this motorization does not present any particular technical difficulty in itself, especially since only a small motor is sufficient since the movement is only thwarted by friction.
Un exemple non limitatif d'une telle réalisation est dessiné en perspective sur la figure 4 dans laquelle n'est représenté que la tête de réception (TR) de la figure 1.A nonlimiting example of such an embodiment is drawn in perspective in FIG. 4 in which only the reception head (TR) of FIG. 1 is represented.
Les repères sont les mêmes que ceux de la figure 2 à savoir : dépolariseur mobile (POM), collecteur guide d'onde (COG), dépolariseur fixe (POF) optionnel, convertisseur (CO). Les ailes (AI) correspondent aux points de fixation sur les pieds de fixation (PF de la figure 1).The references are the same as those in FIG. 2, namely: mobile depolarizer (POM), waveguide collector (COG), optional fixed depolarizer (POF), converter (CO). The wings (AI) correspond to the fixing points on the fixing feet (PF in Figure 1).
Le moteur (COM) de commande est bridé directement sur le corps du guide d'onde et un pignon (P) fixé sur l'axe du moteur vient engrenner un secteur denté (SD) solidaire du dépolariseur mobile (POM). Le moteur est commandé à partir de l'équipement intérieur de sélection (repère ESC de la figure 1) d'une manière connue. Le secteur denté (SD) est un mode préférentiel de réalisation avec un moteur qui tourne alternativement dans chacun des deux sens et que s'arrête automatiquement lorsque le pignon (P) arrive à la fin du secteur denté (SD) en détectant, par exemple, une sur-consommation de courant électrique.The control motor (COM) is clamped directly to the body of the waveguide and a pinion (P) fixed on the motor axis engages a toothed sector (SD) integral with the mobile depolarizer (POM). The motor is controlled from the interior selection equipment (reference ESC in FIG. 1) in a known manner. The toothed sector (SD) is a preferred embodiment with a motor which rotates alternately in each of the two directions and which stops automatically when the pinion (P) arrives at the end of the toothed sector (SD) by detecting, for example , an over-consumption of electric current.
Il serait possible que le secteur denté soit en fait une couronne dentée avec un moteur tournant dans un seul sens et un dispositif adéquat pour arrêter le moteur lorsque le dépolariseur mobile atteint la position recherchée.It would be possible that the toothed sector is in fact a ring gear with a motor rotating in one direction and an adequate device to stop the motor when the mobile depolarizer reaches the desired position.
Il est à remarquer qu'une tête de réception conforme à l'invention est très compacte, même avec un moteur, de telle sorte que son ombre portée sur le réflecteur parabolique est extrêmement réduite.It should be noted that a receiving head according to the invention is very compact, even with a motor, so that its shadow cast on the parabolic reflector is extremely reduced.
Claims (4)
- Receiving head end for receiving transmissions in television channels whose frequencies are situated in the microwave range, and for receiving a single type of polarization out of four types, that is to say, two first types of conjugate polarizations, one called rectilinear polarization X and the other called rectilinear polarization Y, and two second types of conjugate polarizations, one called right-hand polarization and the other called left-hand polarization, which microwaves simultaneously present two conjugate polarization types for each television channel, comprising selection control means for alternately selecting one of said conjugate polarization types, means formed by the rotation of a front depolarizer around the axis of propagation of the microwaves at an angle equal to 90°, the head end, following the axis of propagation from the head end depolarizer, comprising a waveguide collector, characterized in that this collector is fixed, and in that the head end further includes a mode selector and a converter which are also fixed.
- Receiving head end as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the waveguide collector comprises a housing for installing or not therein a type-converting depolarizer, whose presence or absence in the housing of the type-converting depolarizer results in receiving the waves of the first or the second type of polarization.
- Parabolic aerial, characterized in that it comprises a receiving head end as claimed in one of the Claims 1 or 2.
- Receiving station, characterized in that it comprises a parabolic aerial as claimed in Claim 3 and channel selection equipment, and in that the receiving head end further includes a motor for controlling the rotary motion of the front depolarizer, and in that the channel selection equipment includes means for controlling the motor.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8613139A FR2604304B1 (en) | 1986-09-19 | 1986-09-19 | RECEIVING HEAD FOR POLARIZED MICROWAVE, PARABOLIC ANTENNA AND RECEIVING STATION PROVIDED WITH SUCH A RECEIVING HEAD |
| FR8613139 | 1986-09-19 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0260766A1 EP0260766A1 (en) | 1988-03-23 |
| EP0260766B1 true EP0260766B1 (en) | 1993-03-31 |
Family
ID=9339111
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87201772A Expired - Lifetime EP0260766B1 (en) | 1986-09-19 | 1987-09-16 | Primary receiving unit for polarized microwaves, parabolic antenna and receiving station comprising such a unit |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4806945A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0260766B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6382101A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3785120T2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2604304B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0452022A1 (en) * | 1990-04-09 | 1991-10-16 | Plessey Semiconductors Limited | Polariser arrangement |
| GB9008033D0 (en) * | 1990-04-09 | 1990-06-06 | Marconi Electronic Devices | Polariser arrangement |
| US5061037A (en) * | 1990-10-22 | 1991-10-29 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Dual septum polarization rotator |
| US6121939A (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 2000-09-19 | Yagi Antenna Co., Ltd. | Multibeam antenna |
| US6052099A (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 2000-04-18 | Yagi Antenna Co., Ltd. | Multibeam antenna |
| JP2002111303A (en) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-04-12 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | Circularly polarized wave generator |
| US7772940B2 (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2010-08-10 | Optim Microwave, Inc. | Rotatable polarizer device using a hollow dielectric tube and feed network using the same |
| WO2012119898A1 (en) | 2011-03-09 | 2012-09-13 | Thrane & Thrane A/S | Device for switching between linear and circular polarization using a rotatable depolarizer |
| US8643560B2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2014-02-04 | Optim Microwave, Inc. | Rotatable polarizer/filter device and feed network using the same |
| US8653906B2 (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2014-02-18 | Optim Microwave, Inc. | Opposed port ortho-mode transducer with ridged branch waveguide |
| US8994474B2 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2015-03-31 | Optim Microwave, Inc. | Ortho-mode transducer with wide bandwidth branch port |
| EP2943993B1 (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2017-02-01 | Thrane & Thrane A/S | A polarizer and a method of operating the polarizer |
| JP2018087840A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2018-06-07 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Light sum arithmetic unit |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2607849A (en) * | 1943-10-02 | 1952-08-19 | Edward M Purcell | Control of polarization in wave guides and wave guide systems |
| US3215957A (en) * | 1962-03-05 | 1965-11-02 | Bendix Corp | Variable polarization for microwaves |
| US3720947A (en) * | 1963-12-30 | 1973-03-13 | Us Navy | Polarization device for radar antenna |
| US3988732A (en) * | 1965-12-22 | 1976-10-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | 3-Channel selectable polarization, target discrimination antenna |
| US4528528A (en) * | 1982-04-02 | 1985-07-09 | Boman Industries | Waveguide polarization coupling |
| JPS5955601A (en) * | 1982-09-24 | 1984-03-30 | Sony Corp | Lagging element of 1/4 wavelength and switching device of dextrorotary-levorotatory circularly polarized wave |
| US4672388A (en) * | 1984-06-15 | 1987-06-09 | Fay Grim | Polarized signal receiver waveguides and probe |
| US4613836A (en) * | 1985-11-12 | 1986-09-23 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Device for switching between linear and circular polarization using rotation in an axis across a square waveguide |
| JPS62189801A (en) * | 1986-02-15 | 1987-08-19 | Yokowo Mfg Co Ltd | Changeover device of circularly polarized wave and linearly polarized wave |
-
1986
- 1986-09-19 FR FR8613139A patent/FR2604304B1/en not_active Expired
-
1987
- 1987-09-16 EP EP87201772A patent/EP0260766B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-09-16 DE DE87201772T patent/DE3785120T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-09-16 JP JP62229929A patent/JPS6382101A/en active Pending
- 1987-09-18 US US07/098,354 patent/US4806945A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3785120T2 (en) | 1993-09-30 |
| EP0260766A1 (en) | 1988-03-23 |
| JPS6382101A (en) | 1988-04-12 |
| FR2604304A1 (en) | 1988-03-25 |
| FR2604304B1 (en) | 1989-02-03 |
| DE3785120D1 (en) | 1993-05-06 |
| US4806945A (en) | 1989-02-21 |
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