EP0256901B1 - Switching device with symmetrical percussion making use of a snap action overcentre device - Google Patents

Switching device with symmetrical percussion making use of a snap action overcentre device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0256901B1
EP0256901B1 EP87401599A EP87401599A EP0256901B1 EP 0256901 B1 EP0256901 B1 EP 0256901B1 EP 87401599 A EP87401599 A EP 87401599A EP 87401599 A EP87401599 A EP 87401599A EP 0256901 B1 EP0256901 B1 EP 0256901B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lever
spring
contact
force
actuator
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EP87401599A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0256901A1 (en
Inventor
Bruno Jacquet
Jean-Pierre Tellier
Frédéric Noirot
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Telemecanique SA
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La Telemecanique Electrique SA
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H5/00Snap-action arrangements, i.e. in which during a single opening operation or a single closing operation energy is first stored and then released to produce or assist the contact movement
    • H01H5/04Energy stored by deformation of elastic members
    • H01H5/06Energy stored by deformation of elastic members by compression or extension of coil springs
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/20Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
    • H01H83/22Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition the other condition being imbalance of two or more currents or voltages
    • H01H83/223Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition the other condition being imbalance of two or more currents or voltages with bimetal elements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H2071/109Operating or release mechanisms with provisions for selecting between automatic or manual reset
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H5/00Snap-action arrangements, i.e. in which during a single opening operation or a single closing operation energy is first stored and then released to produce or assist the contact movement
    • H01H5/04Energy stored by deformation of elastic members
    • H01H5/06Energy stored by deformation of elastic members by compression or extension of coil springs
    • H01H5/12Energy stored by deformation of elastic members by compression or extension of coil springs having two or more snap-action motions in succession

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a symmetrical percussion switching device, using a device with overshoot of neutral position.
  • the invention therefore more particularly aims to eliminate these drawbacks by dissociating the actuation function provided by the device beyond dead center from the switching function and by using, for this switching function, switch devices actuated by percussion by the device when passing neutral.
  • a symmetrical percussion switching device comprising a bistable actuator with neutral shift, arranged so as to actuate two switches alternately, this actuator comprising an actuation lever mounted rotatably around a first fixed axis so as to be able to switch between two stops by actuating at the end of the outward or return stroke respectively one or the other of the switches, this actuation lever being subjected to the action of a spring of which a first end is fixed to said lever, at a location distant from said fixed axis and a portion of which located at a distance from said end is movable under the action of a control member, the second end of the spring being fixed to the control member and capable of being moved either by application of a force on this end or by displacement of said control member.
  • the conventional double change-over contact with neutral point overrun device consists of a movable contact carrier in the form of a lever 1 (or a blade) articulated, at the one of its ends, around an axis 0 and carrying, at its other end, a double contact pad 2.
  • This lever 1 can oscillate between two angular positions OX, OZ for which the double contact pad 2 comes into end-of-travel abutment on two respective fixed contact elements 3, 4.
  • lever 1 The actuation of this lever 1 is effected by means of a spring 5, one end 6 of which is connected to lever 1, and the other end of which 7 is fixed on a support at a point 8 by means of a mechanical connection 9 possibly flexible.
  • the displacement of the end 7 of the spring can therefore be ensured, either by a displacement, for example in translation of the support point 8, or by exerting on this end 7 a force F.
  • the expression of this contact force F C is therefore as follows: When under the action of a force F applied to the end 7 or of a movement bringing the support point 8 from the position shown in the location 8 ⁇ , the spring 5 is aligned with the lever 1, the angle ⁇ is zero and the contact force F C is zero.
  • the end 11 ⁇ of the lever 11 does not support a contact element but cooperates with the actuating members of two switch devices arranged on either side of this end.
  • the crossing of the neutral position by the end 13 of the spring 12 will cause, following the tilting of the lever 11, percussion of one or the other of the actuating members of the switching devices.
  • the switch devices each comprise a movable contact carrier 15, 16 consisting of a blade articulated at one of its ends 17, 18 and the other end of which is provided with an element mobile contact 19, 20 which cooperates with a fixed contact element 21, 22.
  • This end further comprises a stop surface 23, 24 which extends in the passage from the end 11 l'extrémInstitut of the lever 11 and thus serves as actuating member on which the device passing through neutral is struck to effect the separation of the movable contact element 19, 20 and the fixed contact element 21, 22.
  • each of the movable contact carriers 15, 16 is biased by a respective return spring 25, 26 tending to apply the movable contact element 19, 20 against the fixed contact element 21, 22 which corresponds to it.
  • this spring 25, 26 whose action is antagonistic to that of the spring 12 when the end 11 ⁇ of the lever 11 cooperates with the abutment surface 23, 24 of the movable contact element 15, 16 which is associated with it, serves to ensure a slight anticipation of the passage of neutral.
  • stops can act both on the lever 11, as is the case with the stops A, A ⁇ , A ⁇ , as on the movable contact carriers 15, 16. This is the reason why we have shown stops B, B ⁇ , B ⁇ corresponding to this second case.
  • Manual resetting can, for its part, be effected by a displacement of the stop A ⁇ (or B ⁇ ) until it occupies the position of the stop A ⁇ (or B ⁇ ).
  • the advantage of the device described above consists in that it eliminates the risk of having a zero contact pressure of the mobile and fixed contact elements both on tripping and on resetting. This makes it possible to have better reliability of the control of subordinate members and thereby avoid known disturbances (micro-cuts, beats) encountered with certain conventional devices with exceeding dead center.
  • this device is particularly suitable for serving as a trigger / signaling element for a thermal relay.
  • the force F C supplied in the rest position perpendicular to the end 11 ⁇ of the lever 11 has the expression: this force canceling out when the angle ⁇ is zero, that is to say when the spring 12 is in the axis of the lever 11.
  • the force F C supplied to the end 11 ⁇ of the lever 11 depends only on the force F R assumed to be constant and the angle ⁇ assumed to be small. It can therefore be assumed that the force / stroke diagram at the end 11 ⁇ of the lever 11 is linear during the tilting.
  • the force F0 provided at the contact surface 24 by the movable contact carrier 16 and its spring 26, has the expression: in which the expressions 15, 16, F2 and ⁇ are the counterparts of the expressions 13, 14, F1 and ⁇ .
  • the force / stroke diagrams of these movable contact carriers are symmetrical .
  • the force F F supplied at rest by the movable contact carrier 15 is antagonistic to that F C of the lever 11.
  • the action of the bimetallic strips on the end 13 will, by deforming the spring 12, reduce the angle ⁇ and the force F C.
  • F C becomes slightly lower than F F
  • the lever 11 can swing certainly until its second stable state. It is therefore necessary that in passing, it can provide on the abutment surface 24 a force greater than that of the resistant force provided by the spring 26 of the movable contact carrier 16 to cause the opening of the contact elements 20, 22 .
  • this passage must be able to take place technically outside kinetic energy, that is to say that statically, the motor force produced by the lever 11 and the movable contact carrier 15 is greater than the resistant force exerted by the abutment surface 24.
  • the slope of the motor force F C must be much greater than that of the resistant forces exerted by the movable contact carriers.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 This characteristic is illustrated by the diagrams of FIGS. 6 (triggering) and 7 (rearming) on each of which is plotted on the abscissa a racing scale and on the ordinate, a force scale. These two scales are in arbitrary units. These diagrams are representative of the forces and strokes at the abutment surfaces 23 and 24. For reasons of symmetry, the total stroke has been divided into three substantially equal parts.
  • the abscissa point 1 corresponds to the attack on the abutment surface 24 of the movable contact carrier 16 by the end 11 ⁇ of the lever 11.
  • the abscissa point 2 corresponds to the closing of the switch device comprising the contacts 19 and 21.
  • the abscissa point 3 corresponds to the triggered state.
  • the sawtooth curve OABCDE represents the result (algebraic sum) of the forces involved at the abutment surfaces 23, 24.
  • the automatic reset of the device is carried out by means of a reverse process which is illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the invention provides a solution for making a mobile contact carrier having an almost zero slope c.

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  • Transmitters (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Interface Circuits In Exchanges (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

A symmetric percussion switching device is provided using a bistable dead point over-run device including an actuator movable between at least two positions and a control member whose movement causes rocking of the actuator from one to other of the two positions, after passing through the dead point, said device further comprising two switches whose actuating members cooperate with the actuator, respectively in the fractions of the stroke thereof adjacent said positions, said switches then being actuated by percussion so that the drawbacks of the conventional switching devices of this kind are avoided in which the pressure of the mobile contact on the fixed contact is substantially zero in the vicinity of the dead point changeover.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de commutation à percussion symétrique, utilisant un dispositif à dépassement de point mort.The present invention relates to a symmetrical percussion switching device, using a device with overshoot of neutral position.

D'une manière générale, on sait que les dispositifs à dépassement de point mort sont utilisés couramment dans des appareils électromécaniques tels que, par exemple, des interrupteurs ou des contacts de commande.In general, it is known that devices which exceed dead center are commonly used in electromechanical devices such as, for example, switches or control contacts.

Ainsi, on a déjà proposé des ensembles inverseurs faisant intervenir des dispositifs à dépassement de point mort et comprenant, mobiles dans un plan déterminé :

  • un levier qui porte à l'une de ses extrémités, un élément de contact mobile et qui est monté rotatif à distance de cette extrémité autour d'un axe perpendiculaire audit plan, de manière à pouvoir passer d'une première à une deuxième position angulaire définissant un secteur angulaire, de préférence aigu, ces deux positions angulaires étant définies par deux butées qui consistent chacune en un élément de contact fixe qui coopère avec l'élément de contact mobile, et
  • un ressort dont une extrémité est fixée au levier, en un emplacement distant dudit axe, et dont l'autre extrémité, associée à des moyens de commande, est mobile en translation dans une région dudit plan extérieure audit secteur angulaire.
Thus, reversing assemblies have already been proposed involving devices with overhang of neutral point and comprising, movable in a determined plane:
  • a lever which carries at one of its ends a movable contact element and which is rotatably mounted at a distance from this end around an axis perpendicular to said plane, so as to be able to pass from a first to a second angular position defining an angular sector, preferably acute, these two angular positions being defined by two stops which each consist of a fixed contact element which cooperates with the movable contact element, and
  • a spring, one end of which is fixed to the lever, at a location remote from said axis, and the other end of which, associated with control means, is movable in translation in a region of said plane external to said angular sector.

Selon cette structure, qui se trouve décrite dans le brevet DE-A-2 043 740, la position de point mort est atteinte lorsque le ressort s'étend colinéairement au levier.According to this structure, which is described in patent DE-A-2 043 740, the neutral position is reached when the spring extends collinearly to the lever.

En l'absence de forces de frottement, cette position de point mort est théoriquement instable, de sorte que le moindre écart angulaire d'un côté (ou de l'autre) entre le ressort et le levier provoquera un basculement du levier de ce côté (ou de l'autre).In the absence of friction forces, this neutral position is theoretically unstable, so that the slightest angular difference on one side (or the other) between the spring and the lever will cause the lever to tilt on this side (or the other).

Il s'avère que dans un tel dispositif, la composante transversale des efforts appliqués sur le levier par le ressort (couple) s'annule au passage par le point mort avant de s'inverser et qu'elle demeure très faible dans les deux zones avoisinant ce point et situées de part et d'autre de celui-ci.It turns out that in such a device, the transverse component of the forces applied to the lever by the spring (torque) is canceled out when passing through neutral before reversing and that it remains very low in the two zones. near this point and located on either side of it.

Il s'agit là d'un inconvénient particulièrement important notamment dans le cas où les déplacements imposés au ressort par les susdits moyens de commande sont des déplacements lents et peuvent comprendre des temps d'arrêt dans lesdites zones.This is a particularly important drawback, in particular in the case where the movements imposed on the spring by the above-mentioned control means are slow movements and may include downtime in said zones.

En effet dans ces zones, la pression de contact, élément de contact mobile/élément de contact fixe, sera quasiment nulle. En conséquence, la qualité du contact électrique sera franchement mauvaise et le passage du courant s'effectuera aléatoirement en fonction des perturbations (par exemple les vibrations) dont est affecté le dispositif. Il est clair qu'un tel fonctionnement peut être préjudiciable aux circuits commandés par un tel dispositif et est, dans la plupart des cas, inacceptable.Indeed, in these zones, the contact pressure, mobile contact element / fixed contact element, will be almost zero. Consequently, the quality of the electrical contact will be frankly bad and the passage of the current will be carried out randomly according to the disturbances (for example the vibrations) with which the device is affected. It is clear that such an operation can be detrimental to the circuits controlled by such a device and is, in most cases, unacceptable.

L'invention a donc plus particulièrement pour but de supprimer ces inconvénients en dissociant la fonction actionnement assurée par le dispositif à dépassement de point mort de la fonction commutation et en utilisant, pour cette fonction de commutation, des dispositifs interrupteurs actionnés par percussion par le dispositif à dépassement de point mort.The invention therefore more particularly aims to eliminate these drawbacks by dissociating the actuation function provided by the device beyond dead center from the switching function and by using, for this switching function, switch devices actuated by percussion by the device when passing neutral.

Elle propose, d'une façon générale, un dispositif de commutation à percussion symétrique comprenant un actionneur bistable à passage de point mort, disposé de manière à actionner alternativement deux interrupteurs, cet actionneur comprenant un levier d'actionnement monté rotatif autour d'un premier axe fixe de manière à pouvoir basculer entre deux butées en actionnant en fin de course aller ou retour respectivement l'un ou l'autre des interrupteurs, ce levier d'actionnement étant soumis à l'action d'un ressort dont une première extrémité est fixée audit levier, en un emplacement distant dudit axe fixe et dont une portion située à distance de ladite extrémité est mobile sous l'action d'un organe de commande, la deuxième extrémité du ressort étant fixée à l'organe de commande et pouvant être deplacée soit par application d'une force sur cette extrémité soit par déplacement dudit organe de commande.It generally proposes a symmetrical percussion switching device comprising a bistable actuator with neutral shift, arranged so as to actuate two switches alternately, this actuator comprising an actuation lever mounted rotatably around a first fixed axis so as to be able to switch between two stops by actuating at the end of the outward or return stroke respectively one or the other of the switches, this actuation lever being subjected to the action of a spring of which a first end is fixed to said lever, at a location distant from said fixed axis and a portion of which located at a distance from said end is movable under the action of a control member, the second end of the spring being fixed to the control member and capable of being moved either by application of a force on this end or by displacement of said control member.

Selon l'invention, ce dispositif est caractérisé en ce que :

  • lesdits interrupteurs sont de type normalement fermé et comprennent chacun un élément de contact fixe et un élément de contact mobile porté par un levier oscillant sollicité à la fermeture par un ressort, les deux éléments de contact fixe étant situés dans une zone comprise entre les deux éléments de contact mobile ;
  • les éléments de contact mobile sont actionnés grâce à des moyens de butée sur lesquels vient porter le levier d'actionnement, les moyens de butée étant disposés de part et d'autre de l'extrémité mobile du levier d'actionnement, chaque butée coopérant avec le levier d'actionnement dans une fraction de la course de celui-ci qui correspond à la course respective de son contact mobile, ces moyens de butée étant disposés de manière à compenser l'anticipation du basculement consécutif au passage de point mort et à faire en sorte que l'ouverture de l'un des contacts précède la fermeture de l'autre contact ;
  • la pente de l'effort moteur exercé par l'actionneur sur lesdits moyens de butée est très supérieure à la pente des efforts résistants exercés par les moyens de butée sur l'actionneur.
According to the invention, this device is characterized in that:
  • said switches are of the normally closed type and each comprise a fixed contact element and a movable contact element carried by an oscillating lever urged to close by a spring, the two fixed contact elements being located in an area between the two elements mobile contact;
  • the movable contact elements are actuated by means of abutment on which the actuation lever comes to bear, the abutment means being arranged on either side of the movable end of the actuation lever, each abutment cooperating with the actuating lever in a fraction of the stroke thereof which corresponds to the respective stroke of its movable contact, these abutment means being arranged so as to compensate for the anticipation of the tilting consecutive to the shift from neutral and to make so that the opening of one of the contacts precedes the closing of the other contact;
  • the slope of the motor force exerted by the actuator on said abutment means is much greater than the slope of the resistant forces exerted by the abutment means on the actuator.

Des modes d'exécution de l'invention seront décrits ci-après, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, avec référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un interrupteur-inverseur de type connu utilisant un dispositif à dépassement de point mort ;
  • La figure 2 est un diagramme des forces mises en jeu au niveau du basculeur du dispositif à dépassement de point mort représenté figure 1 ;
  • La figure 3 représente schématiquement un dispositif de commutation à double percussion réalisé conformément à la présente invention ;
  • La figure 4 est un diagramme des forces mises en jeu lors de l'application d'une force FB sur le ressort associé au basculeur utilisé dans le dispositif représenté figure 3 ;
  • La figure 5 est un diagramme des forces mises en jeu au niveau de l'un des porte-contacts mobile utilisé dans le dispositif représenté figure 3 ;
  • La figure 6 est un diagramme représentatif des efforts et des courses au niveau des surfaces de butée des deux porte-contacts mobiles du dispositif représenté sur la figure 3 et ce, au cours de la phase de déclenchement ;
  • La figure 7 est un diagramme similaire à celui de la figure 6, mais dans le cas de la phase de réarmement ;
  • La figure 8 est un diagramme représentatif des variations mutuelles des paramètres a, b, c et FF intervenant dans les diagrammes représentés figures 6 et 7 ;
  • La figure 9 est une représentation schématique d'un mode d'exécution d'un porte-contact mobile sollicité par un ressort et dont l'effort exercé au niveau de sa surface de butée présente une pente quasiment nulle.
Embodiments of the invention will be described below, by way of nonlimiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a switch-reverser of known type using a device to exceed neutral;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of the forces brought into play at the level of the rocker of the device for exceeding dead center represented in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 schematically represents a double percussion switching device produced in accordance with the present invention;
  • Figure 4 is a diagram of the forces involved when applying a force F B on the spring associated with the rocker used in the device shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a diagram of the forces involved at one of the movable contact carrier used in the device shown in Figure 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram representative of the forces and strokes at the abutment surfaces of the two movable contact carriers of the device shown in FIG. 3, during the tripping phase;
  • Figure 7 is a diagram similar to that of Figure 6, but in the case of the rearming phase;
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram representing the mutual variations of the parameters a, b, c and F F occurring in the diagrams represented in FIGS. 6 and 7;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a movable contact carrier biased by a spring and whose force exerted at its abutment surface has an almost zero slope.

Avec référence à la figure 1, le double contact inverseur classique à dispositif à dépassement de point mort se compose d'un porte-contact mobile se présentant sous la forme d'un levier 1 (ou d'une lame) articulé, à l'une de ses extrémités, autour d'un axe 0 et portant, à son autre extrémité, une double pastille de contact 2.With reference to FIG. 1, the conventional double change-over contact with neutral point overrun device consists of a movable contact carrier in the form of a lever 1 (or a blade) articulated, at the one of its ends, around an axis 0 and carrying, at its other end, a double contact pad 2.

Ce levier 1 peut osciller entre deux positions angulaires OX, OZ pour lesquelles la double pastille de contact 2 vient en butée fin de course sur deux éléments de contact fixes respectifs 3, 4.This lever 1 can oscillate between two angular positions OX, OZ for which the double contact pad 2 comes into end-of-travel abutment on two respective fixed contact elements 3, 4.

L'actionnement de ce levier 1 s'effectue au moyen d'un ressort 5 dont une extrémité 6 est reliée au levier 1, et dont l'autre extrémité 7 est fixée sur un support en un point 8 grâce à une liaison mécanique 9 éventuellement souple.The actuation of this lever 1 is effected by means of a spring 5, one end 6 of which is connected to lever 1, and the other end of which 7 is fixed on a support at a point 8 by means of a mechanical connection 9 possibly flexible.

Le déplacement de l'extrémité 7 du ressort peut donc être assuré, soit par un déplacement, par exemple en translation du point de support 8, soit en exerçant sur cette extrémité 7 une force F.The displacement of the end 7 of the spring can therefore be ensured, either by a displacement, for example in translation of the support point 8, or by exerting on this end 7 a force F.

La disposition relative du ressort 5 et du levier 1 est prévue de manière à ce qu'au cours de la trajectoire de son extrémité 7, dans un sens ou dans l'autre, le ressort 5 devienne colinéaire au levier et que dans chacun desdits sens, on obtienne un passage par point mort au-delà duquel le levier qui se trouvait dans l'une des positions OX ou OZ, basculera jusqu'à occuper l'autre position, en amenant la double pastille 2 en contact avec l'élément de contact fixe correspondant.The relative arrangement of the spring 5 and the lever 1 is provided so that during the trajectory of its end 7, in one direction or the other, the spring 5 becomes collinear with the lever and that in each of said directions, a passage through neutral is obtained beyond which the lever which was in one of the positions OX or OZ, will tilt until occupying the other position, bringing the double pad 2 in contact with the corresponding fixed contact element.

Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 2, la force FR exercée par le ressort 5 sur le levier 1 peut se décomposer en une force FL colinéaire avec le levier 1 et une force FP perpendiculaire à ce dernier, avec FP = FR sin α, α étant l'angle formé par le ressort 5 et le levier 1.As can be seen in FIG. 2, the force F R exerted by the spring 5 on the lever 1 can be broken down into a force F L collinear with the lever 1 and a force F P perpendicular to the latter, with F P = F R sin α, α being the angle formed by the spring 5 and the lever 1.

La force de contact FC exercée au niveau de la double pastille de contact 2 est alors telle que FCL₂ = FPL₁, L₁ étant la distance de l'extrémité 6 du ressort 5 à l'axe de rotation 0 et L₂ étant la distance entre la double pastille de contact 2 et l'axe 0. L'expression de cette force de contact FC est donc la suivante :

Figure imgb0001

Lorsque sous l'action d'un effort F appliqué sur l'extrémité 7 ou d'un déplacement amenant le point de support 8 de la position représentée à l'emplacement 8ʹ, le ressort 5 se trouve aligné avec le levier 1, l'angle α est nul et la force de contact FC est nulle.The contact force F C exerted at the level of the double contact pad 2 is then such that F C L₂ = F P L₁, L₁ being the distance from the end 6 of the spring 5 to the axis of rotation 0 and L₂ being the distance between the double contact pad 2 and the axis 0. The expression of this contact force F C is therefore as follows:
Figure imgb0001

When under the action of a force F applied to the end 7 or of a movement bringing the support point 8 from the position shown in the location 8ʹ, the spring 5 is aligned with the lever 1, the angle α is zero and the contact force F C is zero.

Cette paraticularité n'est pas gênante lorsque le déplacement de l'extrémité 7 du ressort est rapide. Par contre, dans le cas où ce déplacement dépend d'une grandeur physique à variation lente (thermostat, relais thermiques) il peut y avoir un temps d'arrêt au voisinage du point mort et, en conséquence, un maintien dans le temps d'une situation dans laquelle l'effort de contact est pratiquement nul, ce qui peut être préjudiciable au bon fonctionnement des automatismes associés (mauvais contact par effort quasiment nul ou par vibrations externes).This particularity is not a problem when the movement of the end 7 of the spring is rapid. On the other hand, in the case where this displacement depends on a slowly varying physical quantity (thermostat, thermal relays) there may be a stopping time in the vicinity of the neutral point and, consequently, a maintenance in the time of a situation in which the contact force is practically zero, which can be detrimental to the proper functioning of the associated automatisms (poor contact by almost zero force or by external vibrations).

La solution faisant l'objet de la présente demande permet d'éviter cet inconvénient.The solution which is the subject of the present application makes it possible to avoid this drawback.

Elle utilise un dispositif à dépassement de point mort du type de celui précédemment décrit et fait donc intervenir, dans une disposition similaire, un levier ou basculeur 11 et un ressort 12 dont une extrémité 13 peut être déplacée, soit par l'application d'une force FB sur cette extrémité, soit par déplacement du point de support 14.It uses a device for exceeding dead center of the type described above and therefore involves, in a similar arrangement, a lever or rocker 11 and a spring 12, one end 13 of which can be moved, either by the application of a force F B on this end, either by displacement of the support point 14.

Toutefois, dans ce cas, l'extrémité 11ʹ du levier 11 ne supporte pas d'élément de contact mais coopère avec les organes d'actionnement de deux dispositifs interrupteurs disposés de part et d'autre de cette extrémité. De ce fait, le franchissement de la position de point mort par l'extrémité 13 du ressort 12 entraînera à la suite du basculement du levier 11 une percussion de l'un ou l'autre des organes d'actionnement des dispositifs interrupteurs.However, in this case, the end 11ʹ of the lever 11 does not support a contact element but cooperates with the actuating members of two switch devices arranged on either side of this end. As a result, the crossing of the neutral position by the end 13 of the spring 12 will cause, following the tilting of the lever 11, percussion of one or the other of the actuating members of the switching devices.

Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 3, les dispositifs interrupteurs comprennent chacun un porte-contact mobile 15, 16 consistant en une lame articulée à l'une de ses extrémités 17, 18 et dont l'autre extrémité est munie d'un élément de contact mobile 19, 20 qui coopère avec un élément de contact fixe 21, 22. Cette extrémité comprend en outre une surface de butée 23, 24 qui s'étend dans le passage de l'extrémité 11ʹ du levier 11 et sert ainsi d'organe d'actionnement sur lequel vient percuter le dispositif à passage de point mort pour effectuer la séparation de l'élément de contact mobile 19, 20 et de l'élément de contact fixe 21, 22.In the example shown in FIG. 3, the switch devices each comprise a movable contact carrier 15, 16 consisting of a blade articulated at one of its ends 17, 18 and the other end of which is provided with an element mobile contact 19, 20 which cooperates with a fixed contact element 21, 22. This end further comprises a stop surface 23, 24 which extends in the passage from the end 11 l'extrémité of the lever 11 and thus serves as actuating member on which the device passing through neutral is struck to effect the separation of the movable contact element 19, 20 and the fixed contact element 21, 22.

Par ailleurs, chacun des porte-contacts mobiles 15, 16 est sollicité par un ressort de rappel 25, 26 respectif tendant à appliquer l'élément de contact mobile 19, 20 contre l'élément de contact fixe 21, 22 qui lui correspond. Comme on le verra par la suite, ce ressort 25, 26 dont l'action est antagoniste à celle du ressort 12 lorsque l'extrémité 11ʹ du levier 11 coopère avec la surface de butée 23, 24 de l'élément de contact mobile 15, 16 qui lui est associé, sert à assurer une légère anticipation du passage du point mort.Furthermore, each of the movable contact carriers 15, 16 is biased by a respective return spring 25, 26 tending to apply the movable contact element 19, 20 against the fixed contact element 21, 22 which corresponds to it. As will be seen later, this spring 25, 26 whose action is antagonistic to that of the spring 12 when the end 11ʹ of the lever 11 cooperates with the abutment surface 23, 24 of the movable contact element 15, 16 which is associated with it, serves to ensure a slight anticipation of the passage of neutral.

Dans cet exemple, le basculement du levier 11 est limité par trois butées, à savoir :

  • une première butée fixe A disposée du côté de l'élément de contact mobile 15, cette butée A est destinée à matérialiser un premier état stable correspondant à la position repos du dispositif ; dans cette position, l'élément de contact mobile 19 est maintenu écarté de l'élément de contact fixe 21 par l'action de l'estrémité 11ʹ du levier 11 sur la surface de butée 23 du porte-contact mobile 15 (le couple exercé sur le levier 11 par le porte-contact mobile 15 étant inférieur à celui produit par le ressort 12) ; par ailleurs, du fait que le porte-contact mobile 16 n'est pas sollicité par le levier 11 l'élément de contact mobile 20 est en appui sur l'élément de contact fixe 22 sous l'effet du ressort 26 ;
  • une deuxième butée Aʹ disposée du côté du porte-contact mobile 16 et qui matérialise le deuxième état stable et réversible qui correspond à l'état déclenché du dispositif. Il s'agit de la position inverse de celle représentée figure 3, et dans laquelle les éléments de contact 20 et 22 sont séparés, tandis que les éléments de contact 19 et 21 sont en appui, le porte-contact mobile 16 étant alors sollicité par le levier 11 dont l'extrémité 11ʹ vient en appui sur la surface de butée 24, la position de cette butée Aʹ est en outre prévue de manière à ce que l'on obtienne un état réversible et instable dans lequel le levier 11 conserve sa position tant qu'une force suffisante FB est exercée sur l'extrémité 13 du ressort 12 ; l'utilisation de cette butée Aʹ correspond dans un relais thermique au mode "réarmement automatique" ;
  • une troisième butée Aʺ située du même côté que la butée Aʹ mais plus écartée de la butée A, de manière à se trouver dans la zone où le dispositif n'est plus réversible, c'est-à-dire dans lequel un déplacement inverse de l'extrémité 13 du ressort 12 n'engendrera pas un nouveau passage du point mort et seule une intervention extérieure permettra de revenir en position de repos ; l'utilisation de cette butée Aʺ correspond dans un relais thermique au mode réarmement manuel.
In this example, the tilting of the lever 11 is limited by three stops, namely:
  • a first fixed stop A disposed on the side of the movable contact element 15, this stop A is intended to materialize a first stable state corresponding to the rest position of the device; in this position, the movable contact element 19 is kept apart from the fixed contact element 21 by the action of the end 11ʹ of the lever 11 on the abutment surface 23 of the movable contact carrier 15 (the torque exerted on the lever 11 by the movable contact carrier 15 being less than that produced by the spring 12); moreover, owing to the fact that the movable contact carrier 16 is not biased by the lever 11 the movable contact element 20 bears on the fixed contact element 22 under the effect of the spring 26;
  • a second stop Aʹ disposed on the side of the movable contact carrier 16 and which materializes the second stable and reversible state which corresponds to the triggered state of the device. This is the opposite position to that shown in FIG. 3, and in which the contact elements 20 and 22 are separated, while the contact elements 19 and 21 are supported, the movable contact carrier 16 then being stressed by the lever 11, the end 11ʹ of which abuts on the abutment surface 24, the position of this abutment Aʹ is further provided so that a reversible and unstable state is obtained in which the lever 11 retains its position as long as a sufficient force F B is exerted on the end 13 of the spring 12; the use of this stop Aʹ corresponds in a thermal relay to the "automatic reset"mode;
  • a third stop Aʺ located on the same side as the stop Aʹ but further away from the stop A, so as to be in the zone where the device is no longer reversible, that is to say in which a reverse movement of the end 13 of the spring 12 will not cause a new passage from neutral and only an external intervention will return to the rest position; the use of this stop Aʺ corresponds in a thermal relay to manual reset mode.

Il convient de noter que ces butées peuvent agir aussi bien sur le levier 11, comme c'est le cas des butées A, Aʹ, Aʺ, que sur les porte-contacts mobiles 15, 16. C'est la raison pour laquelle on a représenté des butées B, Bʹ, Bʺ correspondant à ce deuxième cas.It should be noted that these stops can act both on the lever 11, as is the case with the stops A, Aʹ, Aʺ, as on the movable contact carriers 15, 16. This is the reason why we have shown stops B, Bʹ, Bʺ corresponding to this second case.

Compte tenu du fait que les butées Aʹ et Aʺ ne sont pas utilisées simultanément, il est prévu un dispositif permettant la mise en service de l'une ou de l'autre de ces butées.In view of the fact that the stops Aʹ and Aʺ are not used simultaneously, there is a device allowing the commissioning of one or the other of these stops.

Il s'avère que l'action des porte-contacts mobiles 15, 16 et des ressorts correspondants 25, 26 sur le levier 11, modifie légèrement les conditions de fonctionnement du dispositif à passage de point mort précédemment décrit en regard des figures 1 et 2.It turns out that the action of the movable contact carriers 15, 16 and of the corresponding springs 25, 26 on the lever 11, slightly modifies the operating conditions of the neutral passage device previously described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 .

Ainsi, s'il n'y avait pas le ressort 25, le levier 11 quitterait la butée A dès lors que le ressort 12 et le levier seraient alignés.Thus, if there was no spring 25, the lever 11 would leave the stop A as soon as the spring 12 and the lever would be aligned.

Du fait de la présence du ressort 25 qui agit dans le sens du basculement consécutif au passage du point mort, on obtient une légère anticipation. Lors de ce basculement, le porte-contact mobile 15 accompagne le levier 11 pour percuter et pousser le porte-contact mobile 16 jusqu'à ce que l'élément de contact mobile 19 vienne porter sur l'élément de contact fixe 21. A ce moment, l'effort produit sur la surface de butée 24 grâce à l'action du ressort 12 est supérieur à celui produit par le ressort 26, de sorte que le levier 11 poursuit sa course jusqu'à la butée Aʹ ou la butée Aʺ.Due to the presence of the spring 25 which acts in the direction of tilting following the passage from neutral, a slight anticipation is obtained. During this tilting, the movable contact carrier 15 accompanies the lever 11 to strike and push the movable contact carrier 16 until the movable contact element 19 comes to bear on the fixed contact element 21. At this moment, the effort produced on the abutment surface 24 thanks to the action of the spring 12 is greater than that produced by the spring 26, so that the lever 11 continues its travel up to the stop Aʹ or the stop Aʺ.

Le réarmement manuel ou automatique ne peut s'effectuer que dans la mesure où l'extrémité 13 du ressort 12 est revenue ou revient à sa position d'origine (celle représentée sur la figure 3). Dans le cas d'un relais thermique, ce retour peut être assuré par le recul des bilames en phase de refroidissement.Manual or automatic resetting can only be carried out insofar as the end 13 of the spring 12 has returned or returned to its original position (that shown in FIG. 3). In the case of a thermal relay, this return can be ensured by the retraction of the bimetallic strips during the cooling phase.

Le réarmement manuel peut, quant à lui, s'effectuer par un déplacement de la butée Aʺ (ou Bʺ) jusqu'à ce qu'elle occupe la position de la butée Aʹ (ou Bʹ).Manual resetting can, for its part, be effected by a displacement of the stop Aʺ (or Bʺ) until it occupies the position of the stop Aʹ (or Bʹ).

S'il n'y avait pas le ressort 26, le réarmement automatique s'effectuerait dès le passage du ressort 12 dans l'axe du levier 11.If there was no spring 26, automatic resetting would take place as soon as spring 12 passes along the axis of lever 11.

L'avantage du dispositif précédemment décrit consiste en ce qu'il supprime le risque d'avoir une pression de contact nulle des éléments de contact mobiles et fixes tant au déclenchement qu'au réarmement. Ceci permet d'avoir une meilleure fiabilité de la commande d'organes subordonnés et par là, d'éviter les perturbations connues (microcoupures, battements) rencontrées avec certains dispositifs classiques à dépassement de point mort.The advantage of the device described above consists in that it eliminates the risk of having a zero contact pressure of the mobile and fixed contact elements both on tripping and on resetting. This makes it possible to have better reliability of the control of subordinate members and thereby avoid known disturbances (micro-cuts, beats) encountered with certain conventional devices with exceeding dead center.

Il s'avère que ce dispositif convient particulièrement pour servir d'élément de déclenchement/signalisation d'un relais thermique.It turns out that this device is particularly suitable for serving as a trigger / signaling element for a thermal relay.

Dans ce cas, la déformation des bilames du relais donne un effort FB appliqué à l'extrémité du ressort.In this case, the deformation of the bimetallic strips of the relay gives a force F B applied to the end of the spring.

Comme précédemment mentionné, la force FC fournie en position de repos perpendiculairement à l'extrémité 11ʹ du levier 11 a pour expression :

Figure imgb0002

cette force s'annulant lorsque l'angle α est nul, c'est-à-dire lorsque le ressort 12 est dans l'axe du levier 11.As previously mentioned, the force F C supplied in the rest position perpendicular to the end 11ʹ of the lever 11 has the expression:
Figure imgb0002

this force canceling out when the angle α is zero, that is to say when the spring 12 is in the axis of the lever 11.

Par ailleurs, la force exercée par les bilames sur l'extrémité 13 du ressort, le point de support 14 restant fixe, provoque un déplacement conduisant à la configuration représentée figure 4, dans laquelle le ressort 12 fait un angle β par rapport à la droite passant par le point de support 14 et par son extrémité 12ʹ.Furthermore, the force exerted by the bimetallic strips on the end 13 of the spring, the support point 14 remaining fixed, causes a displacement leading to the configuration shown in FIG. 4, in which the spring 12 makes an angle β relative to the right passing through the support point 14 and through its end 12ʹ.

La force fournie par les bilames est égale à FB = FR sin β et, du fait que les angles α et β sont supposés petits, on peut admettre que la force FR est sensiblement égale à la force initiale FRO (c'est-à-dire qu'en raison de l'allongement négligeable du ressort 12, la force exercée axialement par ce ressort est sensiblement constante et égale à la force initiale FRO), et que le diagramme effort/course de FB est linéaire.The force provided by the bimetallic strips is equal to F B = F R sin β and, since the angles α and β are assumed to be small, it can be assumed that the force F R is substantially equal to the initial force F RO (c ' that is to say that due to the negligible elongation of the spring 12, the force exerted axially by this spring is substantially constant and equal to the initial force F RO ), and that the force / stroke diagram of F B is linear .

Or, la force FC fournie à l'extrémité 11ʹ du levier 11 dépend uniquement de la force FR supposée constante et de l'angle α supposé petit. On peut donc admettre que le diagramme effort/course à l'extrémité 11ʹ du levier 11 est linéaire pendant le basculement.However, the force F C supplied to the end 11ʹ of the lever 11 depends only on the force F R assumed to be constant and the angle α assumed to be small. It can therefore be assumed that the force / stroke diagram at the end 11ʹ of the lever 11 is linear during the tilting.

En ce qui concerne la force FF fournie au niveau de la surface de butée 23 par le porte-contact mobile 15 et son ressort 25, cette force qui est indiquée sur la figure 5, a pour expression :

Figure imgb0003

dans laquelle :

  • 1₃ est la distance comprise entre le point d'accrochage 25ʹ du ressort 25 sur le porte-contact mobile 15 et l'axe de rotation 17,
  • 1₄ est la distance comprise entre la surface de butée 23 et l'axe 17,
  • γ est l'angle formé par le ressort 25 et le porte-contact mobile 15 (ou d'une façon plus générale la droite reliant la surface de butée 23 à l'axe 17), et
  • F₁ est la force axiale exercée par le ressort 25.
With regard to the force F F supplied at the abutment surface 23 by the movable contact carrier 15 and its spring 25, this force which is indicated in FIG. 5, has the expression:
Figure imgb0003

in which :
  • 1₃ is the distance between the attachment point 25ʹ of the spring 25 on the movable contact carrier 15 and the axis of rotation 17,
  • 1₄ is the distance between the abutment surface 23 and the axis 17,
  • γ is the angle formed by the spring 25 and the movable contact carrier 15 (or more generally the straight line connecting the abutment surface 23 to the axis 17), and
  • F₁ is the axial force exerted by the spring 25.

D'une façon analogue, la force F₀ fournie au niveau de la surface de contact 24 par le porte-contact mobile 16 et son ressort 26, a pour expression :

Figure imgb0004

dans laquelle les expressions 1₅, 1₆, F₂ et δ sont les homologues des expressions 1₃, 1₄, F₁ et γ.Similarly, the force F₀ provided at the contact surface 24 by the movable contact carrier 16 and its spring 26, has the expression:
Figure imgb0004

in which the expressions 1₅, 1₆, F₂ and δ are the counterparts of the expressions 1₃, 1₄, F₁ and γ.

Les angles γ et δ étant supposés petits, on peut admettre que pour les deux porte-contacts mobiles 15, 16, les diagrammes effort/course sont linéaires.The angles γ and δ being assumed to be small, it can be assumed that for the two movable contact carriers 15, 16, the force / stroke diagrams are linear.

Compte tenu du fait que les deux porte-contacts mobiles de l'ensemble inverseur sont actionnés par les déformations des bilames du relais causées par un échauffement ou un refroidissement, il est préférable que les diagrammes effort/course de ces porte-contacts mobiles soient symétriques.In view of the fact that the two movable contact carriers of the reversing assembly are actuated by the deformations of the relay bimetals caused by heating or cooling, it is preferable that the force / stroke diagrams of these movable contact carriers are symmetrical .

La force FF fournie au repos par le porte-contact mobile 15 est antagoniste de celle FC du levier 11. L'action des bilames sur l'extrémité 13 va, en déformant le ressort 12, réduire l'angle α et la force FC. Pour avoir un fonctionnement franc, il faut que dès que FC devient légèrement inférieur à FF, le levier 11 puisse basculer franchement jusqu'à son deuxième état stable. Il faut donc qu'au passage, il puisse fournir sur la surface de butée 24 un effort supérieur à celui de l'effort résistant fourni par le ressort 26 du porte-contact mobile 16 pour provoquer l'ouverture des éléments de contact 20, 22.The force F F supplied at rest by the movable contact carrier 15 is antagonistic to that F C of the lever 11. The action of the bimetallic strips on the end 13 will, by deforming the spring 12, reduce the angle α and the force F C. To have an operation frank, it is necessary that as soon as F C becomes slightly lower than F F , the lever 11 can swing frankly until its second stable state. It is therefore necessary that in passing, it can provide on the abutment surface 24 a force greater than that of the resistant force provided by the spring 26 of the movable contact carrier 16 to cause the opening of the contact elements 20, 22 .

Par sécurité, il faut que ce passage puisse se faire franchement hors énergie cinétique, c'est-à-dire que statiquement, l'effort moteur produit par le levier 11 et le porte-contact mobile 15 soit supérieur à l'effort résistant exercé par la surface de butée 24.For safety, this passage must be able to take place frankly outside kinetic energy, that is to say that statically, the motor force produced by the lever 11 and the movable contact carrier 15 is greater than the resistant force exerted by the abutment surface 24.

A cet effet, il faut que la pente de l'effort moteur FC soit bien supérieure à celles des efforts résistants exercés par les porte-contacts mobiles.To this end, the slope of the motor force F C must be much greater than that of the resistant forces exerted by the movable contact carriers.

Cette particularité est illustrée par les diagrammes des figures 6 (déclenchement) et 7 (réarmement) sur chacun desquels est portée en abscisse une échelle de courses et en ordonnée, une échelle de forces. Ces deux échelles sont en unités arbitraires. Ces diagrammes sont représentatifs des efforts et des courses au niveau des surfaces de butée 23 et 24. Pour une question de symétrie, la course totale a été divisée en trois parties sensiblement égales.This characteristic is illustrated by the diagrams of FIGS. 6 (triggering) and 7 (rearming) on each of which is plotted on the abscissa a racing scale and on the ordinate, a force scale. These two scales are in arbitrary units. These diagrams are representative of the forces and strokes at the abutment surfaces 23 and 24. For reasons of symmetry, the total stroke has been divided into three substantially equal parts.

Comme on peut le voir sur ces figures, en position de repos, l'effort FC en extrémité du levier 11, se trouve en un point FCR de l'échelle négative des efforts. La surface de butée 23 du porte-contact mobile 15 appuie sur l'extrémité du levier 11 avec une force égale à FF de la forme FF = cx + b. Au repos, correspondant à l'abscisse 0, on a FF = b.As can be seen in these figures, in the rest position, the force F C at the end of the lever 11 is located at a point F CR of the negative force scale. The abutment surface 23 of the movable contact carrier 15 presses on the end of the lever 11 with a force equal to F F of the form F F = cx + b. At rest, corresponding to the abscissa 0, we have F F = b.

Le point d'abscisse 1 correspond à l'attaque de la surface de butée 24 du porte-contact mobile 16 par l'extrémité 11ʹ du levier 11.The abscissa point 1 corresponds to the attack on the abutment surface 24 of the movable contact carrier 16 by the end 11ʹ of the lever 11.

Le point d'abscisse 2 correspond à la fermeture du dispositif interrupteur comprenant les contacts 19 et 21.The abscissa point 2 corresponds to the closing of the switch device comprising the contacts 19 and 21.

Le point d'abscisse 3 correspond à l'état déclenché.The abscissa point 3 corresponds to the triggered state.

En fonctionnement normal du relais thermique, le levier 11 est en position de repos et le ressort 12 génère à son extrémité une force FCR qui a été située à une valeur arbitraire sur les ordonnées négatives inférieure à l'ordonnée de FC pour l'abcisse 0 après réarmement. En cas de surcharge provoquant le chauffage des bilames, cette force diminue, ou plutôt devient moins négative. Lorsqu'elle atteint la valeur -b, elle équilibre juste la force de repos exercée par le porte-contact 16. Dès qu'elle arrive au voisinage de la valeur -b, (-b + ε), le levier 11 change d'état et la force engendrée au niveau de son extrémité est, entre les points d'abscisse 0 et 3, de la forme FC = ax - b. La courbe en dents de scie OABCDE représente la résultante (somme algébrique) des efforts en jeu au niveau des surfaces de butée 23, 24.In normal operation of the thermal relay, the lever 11 is in the rest position and the spring 12 generates at its end a force F CR which has been located at an arbitrary value on the negative ordinates less than the ordinate of F C for the abscissa 0 after reset. In the event of an overload causing the heating of the bimetallic strips, this force decreases, or rather becomes less negative. When it reaches the value -b, it just balances the rest force exerted by the contact carrier 16. As soon as it reaches the vicinity of the value -b, (-b + ε), the lever 11 changes state and the force generated at its end is, between the abscissa points 0 and 3, of the form F C = ax - b. The sawtooth curve OABCDE represents the result (algebraic sum) of the forces involved at the abutment surfaces 23, 24.

Le porte-contact mobile 16 qui présente une caractéristique symétrique de celle du porte-contact mobile 15, donc de même pente C est représenté par une droite de la forme FO = Cx - d.The mobile contact holder 16 which has a characteristic symmetrical to that of the mobile contact holder 15, therefore of the same slope C is represented by a straight line of the form F O = Cx - d.

Le réarmement automatique du dispositif s'effectue grâce à un processus inverse qui se trouve illustré sur la figure 7.The automatic reset of the device is carried out by means of a reverse process which is illustrated in FIG. 7.

Lors du déclenchement, la force à l'extrémité 11ʹ du levier 11 avait atteint la valeur FCT. Après déclenchement, les bilames du relais se refroidissent, ce qui se traduit par une diminution de l'effort appliqué à l'extrémité 13 du ressort 12 et, par conséquent, par une diminution de la force FCT. Lorsque cette force atteint la valeur b, elle équilibre la force générée au niveau de la surface de butée 24 par le ressort 26. Pour une valeur de FC légèrement inférieure à b, le levier bascule et retourne à la position représentée sur la figure 3. Il s'agit d'un fonctionnement symétrique du précédent, symétrie que l'on retrouve par conséquent sur le diagramme de la figure 7.When triggered, the force at the 11ʹ end of the lever 11 had reached the value F CT . After tripping, the bimetallic strips of the relay cool, which results in a reduction in the force applied to the end 13 of the spring 12 and, consequently, in a reduction in the force F CT . When this force reaches the value b, it balances the force generated at the abutment surface 24 by the spring 26. For a value of F C slightly less than b, the lever switches and returns to the position represented in FIG. 3. This is a symmetrical operation of the previous one, symmetry which is therefore found on the diagram in FIG. 7.

Les conditions de fonctionnement du dispositif précédemment décrit sont alors les suivantes, étant entendu que pour plus de sécurité, il n'a pas été tenu compte de l'énergie cinétique des pièces en mouvement.The operating conditions of the device described above are then as follows, it being understood that for greater safety, the kinetic energy of the moving parts has not been taken into account.

Condition 1 : Au point d'abcisse 0 la force FF doit être positive d'où b > 0. Condition 1 : At the point of abscissa 0 the force F F must be positive, hence b> 0.

Condition 2 : Au point d'abscisse 1, le levier 11 doit être moteur, ce qui signifie que la force FC qui est de la forme FC = ax = b doit être positive, soit FC = a - b > 0 ou a > b. Condition 2 : At the abscissa point 1, the lever 11 must be motor, which means that the force F C which is of the form F C = ax = b must be positive, either F C = a - b> 0 or a> b.

Condition 3 : Au point d'abscisse 1, la partie inférieure de la résultante en dents de scie doit être supérieure ou égale à zéro, soit FF + FC + FO ≧ 0, ce qui se traduit par l'équataion cx + b + ax - b + cx - d = BI ≧ 0, et pour x = 1, par la condition a + 2c - d = BI ≧ 0. Condition 3 : At the abscissa point 1, the lower part of the sawtooth result must be greater than or equal to zero, i.e. F F + F C + F O ≧ 0, which results in the equation cx + b + ax - b + cx - d = BI ≧ 0, and for x = 1, by the condition a + 2c - d = BI ≧ 0.

Condition 4 : Au point d'abscisse 2, la partie inférieure de la résultante en dents de scie doit être supérieure ou égale à zéro, soit FC + FO ≧ 0, ce qui se traduit par l'équation ax - b + cx - d = DH ≧ 0, et pour x = 2 par la condition 2a - b + 2c - d = DH ≧ 0. Condition 4 : At the abscissa point 2, the lower part of the sawtooth result must be greater than or equal to zero, i.e. F C + F O ≧ 0, which results in the equation ax - b + cx - d = DH ≧ 0, and for x = 2 by the condition 2a - b + 2c - d = DH ≧ 0.

Condition 5 : On part de l'hypothèse que les porte-contacts mobiles 15, 16 ont les mêmes caractéristiques, c'est-à-dire que dans des situations semblables, les efforts sont les mêmes et, en particulier, que :

HG ¯ = IJ ¯ ou HG ¯ = - IJ ¯ ou F F (2) = -F O (1)

Figure imgb0005


On obtient donc les relations suivantes :

2c + b = -c + d soit 3c + b - d = 0
Figure imgb0006


En portant ce résultat dans les deux équations précédentes, on obtient :
Figure imgb0007
Condition 5 : It is assumed that the mobile contact carriers 15, 16 have the same characteristics, that is to say that in similar situations, the forces are the same and, in particular, that:

HG ¯ = IJ ¯ or HG ¯ = - IJ ¯ or F F (2) = -F O (1)
Figure imgb0005


We therefore obtain the following relationships:

2c + b = -c + d or 3c + b - d = 0
Figure imgb0006


By carrying this result in the two previous equations, we obtain:
Figure imgb0007

Il est à noter que l'égalité BI = DH, pour a = b doit être écartée du fait qu'elle est contraire à la condition 1 a > b.It should be noted that the equality BI = DH, for a = b must be discarded because it is contrary to the condition 1 a> b.

Condition 6 : De la relation a - b - c ≧ 0, on déduit la pente c des caractéristiques des porte-contacts mobiles 15 et 16 : c ≦ a - b. Condition 6 : From the relation a - b - c ≧ 0, we deduce the slope c from the characteristics of the mobile contact carriers 15 and 16: c ≦ a - b.

Pour une bonne fiabilité de fonctionnement, il est souhaitable d'avoir le plus grand effort aux contacts, soit le plus grand effort aux extrémités des porte-contacts mobiles 15 et 16, pour assurer notamment une bonne tenue aux chocs.For good operating reliability, it is desirable to have the greatest force at the contacts, ie the greatest force at the ends of the movable contact carriers 15 and 16, in particular to ensure good resistance to impacts.

La force FF pour l'abscisse 2 est égale à FF = cx + b = 2c + b.The force F F for the abscissa 2 is equal to F F = cx + b = 2c + b.

b étant positif, on aura FF maximum pour c maximum positif, soit, selon la condition 6 : c = a - b.b being positive, we will have F F maximum for c maximum positive, that is, according to condition 6: c = a - b.

On a donc FF = 2(a - b) + b = 2a - b.We therefore have F F = 2 (a - b) + b = 2a - b.

Les variations mutuelles des paramètres a, b, c, FF sont données dans le diagramme de la figure 8.The mutual variations of the parameters a, b, c, F F are given in the diagram of figure 8.

De cette figure, on peut en déduire que le levier 11 sera franchement moteur si sa pente a est bien supérieure à la pente c du porte-contact mobile F.From this figure, we can deduce that the lever 11 will be frankly motor if its slope a is much greater than the slope c of the movable contact carrier F.

En pratique, on pourra prendre une valeur c inférieure à a 2

Figure imgb0008
.In practice, we can take a value c less than at 2
Figure imgb0008
.

L'invention propose une solution permettant de réaliser un porte-contact mobile présentant une pente c quasiment nulle.The invention provides a solution for making a mobile contact carrier having an almost zero slope c.

Tel que représenté sur la figure 9, ce porte-contact mobile se compose d'une lame de contact 30 montée pivotante à l'une de ses extrémités au moyen d'une articulation Y et mobile entre deux positions angulaires YS, YSʹ. Cette lame 30 est sollicitée par un ressort 31 dont le point d'attache fixe 32 est situé sur une droite D passant par l'articulation Y et perpendiculaire à la lame 30, lorsque celle-ci occupe une position médiane entre les deux positions YS, YSʹ.As shown in Figure 9, this movable contact carrier consists of a contact blade 30 pivotally mounted at one of its ends by means of a Y joint and movable between two angular positions YS, YSʹ. This blade 30 is biased by a spring 31 whose fixed point of attachment 32 is located on a straight line D passing through the articulation Y and perpendicular to the blade 30, when the latter occupies a median position between the two positions YS, YSʹ.

Dans ce cas, compte tenu de la faible variation angulaire de la lame 30, la longueur du ressort 31 reste sensiblement constante et le bras de levier également. De même, les efforts transversaux FG, FʹG exercés à l'extrémité de la lame 30 pour les deux positions angulaires YS, YSʹ sont sensiblement égaux.In this case, given the small angular variation of the blade 30, the length of the spring 31 remains substantially constant and the lever arm also. Likewise, the transverse forces F G , Fʹ G exerted at the end of the blade 30 for the two angular positions YS, YS sensiblement are substantially equal.

L'avantage de ce type de porte-contact mobile consiste en ce qu'il permet d'éviter d'avoir à effectuer, lors de la fabrication, tout réglage d'effort en fonction de la course.The advantage of this type of movable contact carrier is that it makes it possible to avoid having to carry out, during manufacture, any force adjustment as a function of the stroke.

Claims (4)

  1. Symmetric percussion switching device, comprising a bistable dead point over-run device located so as to alternately actuate two switches (15, 19, 21 ; 16, 20, 22), said actuator including an actuating lever (11) rotatably mounted about a first fixed axis (0) so as to rock between two stops (A,A') actuating at the end of its forward and backward travel respectively one or the other of the switches, said actuating lever (11) being subjected to the action of a spring (12), a first end of which (12') is fixed to said lever (11) at a point distant from said fixed axis (0) , one portion of which, located at a distance from said end (12'), is movable under the action of a control member (14), the second end (13) of the spring being fixed to the control member (14) for being displaced either by application of a force on said end, or by displacement of said control member (14), characterized in that :
    - said switches are of the normally closed type and comprise each a fixed contact element (21, 22) and a movable contact element (19, 20), carried by an oscillating lever (15, 16) subjected, for closure, by a spring (25, 26), the two fixed contact elements (21, 22) being situated in a region comprised between the two movable contact elements (19, 20),
    - said movable contact elements (19, 20) are actuated by stop means (23, 24) onto which bears the actuating lever (11), the stop means (23, 24) being located on either side of the movable end of the actuating lever (11), each stop cooperating with the actuating lever (11) during a fraction of travel of same which corresponds to the respective travel of its movable contact, these stop means (23, 24) being located so as to compensate the anticipation of rocking following the dead-point over-run and act so that opening of one of the contacts occurs before closure of the other contact,
    - the slope of the driving force exerted by the actuator on said stop means is very much greater than the slope of the resistant forces exerted by the stop means on the actuator.
  2. The device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that one at least of the mobile contact holders (15, 16) is adapted so as to exert on the actuator (11) a resistant force having a zero slope.
  3. The device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that said mobile contact holder includes a contact blade (30) mounted for pivoting at one of its ends by means of a pivot (Y) and movable between two angular positions (YS, YS'), this blade (30) being urged by a spring (31) whose fixed attachment point (32) is situated on a straight line (D) passing through the pivot (Y) and perpendicular to the blade (30) when this latter occupies a middle position between said two positions (YS, YS').
  4. The device as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said actuator may assume a third position (A") from which it can no longer come back to one of said two positions by a simple movement of the control member (14).
EP87401599A 1986-08-14 1987-07-08 Switching device with symmetrical percussion making use of a snap action overcentre device Expired - Lifetime EP0256901B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87401599T ATE72357T1 (en) 1986-08-14 1987-07-08 SWITCHING DEVICE WITH SYMMETRICAL PERCUSSION USING A JUMP SYSTEM WITH EXCEEDING OF A DEAD POINT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8611737A FR2602908B1 (en) 1986-08-14 1986-08-14 DOUBLE PERCUSSION SWITCHING DEVICE USING A DEATH POINT OVERFLOW DEVICE
FR8611737 1986-08-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0256901A1 EP0256901A1 (en) 1988-02-24
EP0256901B1 true EP0256901B1 (en) 1992-01-29

Family

ID=9338302

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87401599A Expired - Lifetime EP0256901B1 (en) 1986-08-14 1987-07-08 Switching device with symmetrical percussion making use of a snap action overcentre device

Country Status (20)

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US (1) US4841106A (en)
EP (1) EP0256901B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH07101574B2 (en)
KR (1) KR900005868B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE72357T1 (en)
AU (1) AU595348B2 (en)
BE (1) BE1004511A4 (en)
BR (1) BR8703920A (en)
CA (1) CA1274563A (en)
CH (1) CH673173A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3776459D1 (en)
DK (1) DK169244B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2008175A6 (en)
FI (1) FI88085C (en)
FR (1) FR2602908B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2193842B (en)
IN (1) IN172195B (en)
IT (1) IT1222112B (en)
MY (1) MY101310A (en)
ZA (1) ZA875460B (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2602908B1 (en) * 1986-08-14 1993-09-24 Telemecanique Electrique DOUBLE PERCUSSION SWITCHING DEVICE USING A DEATH POINT OVERFLOW DEVICE
FR2618019B1 (en) * 1987-07-08 1989-11-17 Telemecanique Electrique THERMAL RELAY
US6492606B1 (en) 2001-08-21 2002-12-10 Electroswitch Corporation Snap action switch
CA3053044A1 (en) 2019-08-26 2021-02-26 Alpha Technologies Ltd. Bi-stable transfer switch

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1768943A (en) * 1929-08-10 1930-07-01 Minneapolishoneywell Regulator Switch
US2752446A (en) * 1953-10-19 1956-06-26 John E Carlson Snap switch
DE1907420C3 (en) * 1969-02-14 1975-10-16 Danfoss A/S, Nordborg (Daenemark) Bimetal switch with snap system
DE2043740A1 (en) * 1970-08-28 1972-03-02 Siemens Ag Measuring or control device
AU3537271A (en) * 1970-12-17 1973-05-10 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Improvements in or relating to circuit interrupter
JPS499586U (en) * 1972-04-24 1974-01-26
JPS5037394A (en) * 1973-08-06 1975-04-08
JPS539886U (en) * 1976-07-09 1978-01-27
SU698064A1 (en) * 1978-06-19 1979-11-15 Специальное Конструкторское Бюро По Приборостроению Microswitch
DE3070654D1 (en) * 1980-11-28 1985-06-20 Square D Starkstrom Gmbh Contact device
FR2536906A1 (en) * 1982-11-25 1984-06-01 Telemecanique Electrique Thermal relay with adjustable automatic reset.
FR2602908B1 (en) * 1986-08-14 1993-09-24 Telemecanique Electrique DOUBLE PERCUSSION SWITCHING DEVICE USING A DEATH POINT OVERFLOW DEVICE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI88085C (en) 1993-03-25
US4841106A (en) 1989-06-20
DK169244B1 (en) 1994-09-19
ES2008175A6 (en) 1989-07-16
GB2193842A (en) 1988-02-17
ZA875460B (en) 1988-02-04
CA1274563A (en) 1990-09-25
ATE72357T1 (en) 1992-02-15
FR2602908B1 (en) 1993-09-24
IT8721419A0 (en) 1987-07-23
FI873515A0 (en) 1987-08-13
AU595348B2 (en) 1990-03-29
DE3776459D1 (en) 1992-03-12
CH673173A5 (en) 1990-02-15
BE1004511A4 (en) 1992-12-08
GB8716807D0 (en) 1987-08-19
IT1222112B (en) 1990-08-31
FR2602908A1 (en) 1988-02-19
KR900005868B1 (en) 1990-08-13
MY101310A (en) 1991-09-05
JPH07101574B2 (en) 1995-11-01
AU7596387A (en) 1988-02-18
IN172195B (en) 1993-05-01
GB2193842B (en) 1990-02-14
BR8703920A (en) 1988-04-05
EP0256901A1 (en) 1988-02-24
DK426287A (en) 1988-02-15
DK426287D0 (en) 1987-08-14
JPS6348713A (en) 1988-03-01
FI873515A (en) 1988-02-15
KR880003358A (en) 1988-05-16
FI88085B (en) 1992-12-15

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