EP0255151B1 - Elektronisches Musikinstrument - Google Patents

Elektronisches Musikinstrument Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0255151B1
EP0255151B1 EP87112580A EP87112580A EP0255151B1 EP 0255151 B1 EP0255151 B1 EP 0255151B1 EP 87112580 A EP87112580 A EP 87112580A EP 87112580 A EP87112580 A EP 87112580A EP 0255151 B1 EP0255151 B1 EP 0255151B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
envelope
data
digital
address
value
Prior art date
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EP87112580A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0255151A2 (de
EP0255151A3 (en
Inventor
Masao Tsukamoto
Kinji Kawamoto
Masaru Uya
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP2073480A external-priority patent/JPS56117291A/ja
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Publication of EP0255151A3 publication Critical patent/EP0255151A3/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H7/00—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs
    • G10H7/02—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs in which amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform are stored in one or more memories
    • G10H7/06—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs in which amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform are stored in one or more memories in which amplitudes are read at a fixed rate, the read-out address varying stepwise by a given value, e.g. according to pitch
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
    • G10H1/04—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation
    • G10H1/053—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only
    • G10H1/057—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only by envelope-forming circuits
    • G10H1/0575—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only by envelope-forming circuits using a data store from which the envelope is synthesized

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electronic musical instrument equipped with an envelope generating means, wherein said envelope generating means is composed of an envelope memory for storing envelope data, and an address calculator for calculating the address data for the envelope memory in a time division multiplex fashion.
  • a calculation for generating the waves exist. Since to change the tone color, the complex waves are changed in shape within the instrument, when the tone color data are given at the proportion of each of the harmonics, like the draw-bar most used for the electronic musical instrument, in the order of the level of the 8 feet (fundamental), the level of the 4 feet (second harmonics) and the level of the 23 feet (third harmonics), the complex wave corresponding in shape to it has to be made from the tone color data. Namely, an inverted fourier transformation is required. Although recently, microcomputers are available at lower cost, the inverted fourier transformation requires time from several hundreds of milliseconds to approximately one second.
  • the tone color remains unchanged from the time of generation of a tone to the time at which the tone disappeares. If the inverted fourier transformation is performed from the tone color data and the wave data as provided, the wave data is written in the memory and the wave data of the memory is repeatedly read at a given clock rate, with the result that the wave normally becomes constant. Even if a given envelope is attached to the wave, the tone color remains unchanged. To change the tone color at any time, the memory wave has to be rewritten every time. Since the memory itself is normally read, it is required to be written between the read timings in synchronous relation with the read cycle for rewriting of the memory contents.
  • a tone-color change means a high-speed inverted fourier transformation each time, since the inverted fourier transformation is required to be performed each time from the tone color data to provide the wave data. Even from this point, it is apparent that an instantaneous change of the tone color is extremely difficult.
  • the system clock of the whole hardware As a third problem, there is a problem of the system clock of the whole hardware.
  • the digital circuit is adapted to operate under a fixed clock for easier synchronous relation of the whole system, whereby the timing between the logic circuits is definite and the construction of the hardware is rendered simpler.
  • twelve different clocks are necessary to obtain the tone signal of each note of C, C # , D ... B thereby to change the read speed. For instance, to change the octave in the order of C 1 , C 2 , C 3 .... the clock for C note is required to be 1/2,1/4,1/8 ..., or the memory address is required to be read by 2 jumps, 4 jumps, 8 jumps, ...
  • the clock of the C # note is required to be times as fast as the clock of the C note.
  • the clock of the D note is required to be 21 12 times as fast as the clock of, the C note.
  • the clock of the D # note is required to be 21 times as fast as the clock of the C note. Since these 2 lT2, 2-&, 2T2, ... are irrational numbers, 12 independent clock generators are required to generate these 12 clocks by the hardware.
  • the problem is that synchronous relation cannot be provided, and the hardware cannot be used in common since the twelve clock speeds are completely independent. Accordingly, since a plurality of envelope multipliers and a plurality of digital-to-analog converters (hereinafter referred to as D/A converter) are required, the hardware becomes extremely larger in scale, thus resulting in complicated system construction.
  • an electronic musical instrument as defined in the preamble of claim 1 is characterized in that the envelope memory is a digital memory, that the address calculator for the envelope memory comprises a read/write memory having a multiple address for storing parameters supplied from control means via an initial loading interface, and an arithmetic logic circuit consisting of at least an adder for calculating the address data for the digital envelope memory in order to obtain a plurality of digital envelope data from the digital envelope memory in time division multiplex fashion.
  • a tone selecting means 1 includes draw-bars, tone tablet switches, etc., and a player can operate the draw-bars, tone tablet switches, etc. to select the tones.
  • Keyboards 2 mean a solo keyboard, an upper keyboard, a lower keyboard, a pedal keyboard, etc., and the player performs a tune on these keyboards.
  • a microcomputer 3 inputs the tone color data and key data from the tone selecting means and the keyboards 2, gives necessary instructions to an address calculator4 for a wave ROM 6 and an address calculator 5 for an envelope ROM 7 in accordance with the tone color data and key data.
  • the address calculator 4 for the wave ROM 6 and the address calculator 5 for the envelope ROM 7 access the wave ROM 6 and the envelope ROM 7, respectively.
  • the digital wave data and the digital envelope data obtained through the accessing operation of the wave ROM 6 and the envelope ROM 7 are digitally multiplied by a multiplier 8 to provide envelope-added tone signal data.
  • the tone signal data are converted into analog values from the digital values by a D/A converter 9 and pass through a clock rejection filter 10 and a power amplifier 11 to pronounce from a loud speaker 12.
  • the frequency f of the sinusoidal wave to be read from the wave ROM 6 is as follows.
  • the wave ROM 6 which is different in n is read with a constant f cK to provide the tone signals of all the notes.
  • the tone signals of the generating harmonics can be controlled through the selection of the value of the m.
  • the values of the m will be described in Table 2.
  • the wave ROM of each tone of C, C # , D, ... B is constructed as shown in Fig. 3. Assume that the value of n is as shown in Table 1, and the address of the wave ROM 6 of the C note is 0 through 450, C # note is 451 through 876, D note is 877 through 1278, ... B note is 3779 through 4017. The entire address is 4018, which is the total of 0 through 4017.
  • the wave data of the sinusoidal wave is written, in the form of a digital value, in the wave ROM. When the optional address value up to 4017 from 0 is given to the wave ROM, the wave data of the sinusoidal wave stored in the wave ROM is read as a digital value.
  • a k register 21 for storing the address value of the wave ROM 6
  • a m register 22 for storing the number m of jumps
  • an E register 23 for storing the end address value
  • a O N register for storing the negative value of the divisor n
  • an adder 25 for storing the negative value of the divisor n
  • an adder 27 for storing the negative value of the divisor n
  • a read clock ⁇ 1 and a write clock ⁇ 2 for four registers 21 through 24 are both assumed to have 67.8 ⁇ s and two phases.
  • a value of 451 is obtained from the output terminal of the k register21 and is applied to the address terminal of the wave ROM 6 to provide the wave data of C # .
  • the 451 from the output terminal of the k register 21 and the 2 from the m register 22 are added by the full adder 25, and the value of 453 is given to the A terminal of the comparator 26 and to the full adder 27.
  • the end address 876 from the E register 23 is applied to the B terminal of the comparator 26 to compare the value of the A terminal with the value of the B terminal. However, in this case, no output is provided at the A > B terminal and the value is 0, since 876 is larger than 453. As a result, the output of the AND gate 28 becomes 0 independently of the value O 426 of the O N register 24.
  • the full adder 27 adds a value 453 coming from the full adder 25 and 0 coming from the AND gate 28 (thus resulting in no addition) to give a value of 453 to the input terminal of the k register 21. When the write clock ⁇ 2 has come, the value of 453 from the full adder 27 is written in the k register. As a result, the value of the k register is rewritten to 453 from 451 and the value of the m register is rewritten from 451 to 453, which is obtained through addition of the value 2 of the m register 22.
  • the value of 453 is obtained from the output terminal of the k register 21 and is added to the address terminal of the wave ROM6 to provide the wave data of the C # .
  • the full adder 25 the comparator 26, the AND gate 28 and the full adder27, 455, which is provided through addition of453 coming from the output terminal of the kregister 21 to 2 coming from the m register 22, is added to the input terminal of the k register 21 and is written when the write clock ⁇ 2 has come.
  • the value of the k register 21 sequentially increases by two jumps in the order of 451,453, 455,457,459 ....
  • the wave data of two address jumps are sequentially obtained from the wave ROM 6.
  • the address of the wave ROM 6 ranges from 451 to 876. Beyond the range, the wave data of the C # results in that of its adjacent D note.
  • the comparator 26 compares the value from the full adder 25 with the end address 876 from the E register 23. If the value from the full adder 25 is 876 or or more, the output terminal A > B of the comparator 26 becomes 1 to provide the output of the AND gate 28 with the value O 426 from the O N register.
  • the full adder 27 adds the value of the full adder 25 to the value of O 426 from the AND gate 28, i.e., subtracts 426 so that the end address 876 may not be exceeded by any means.
  • the value of the k register 21 increases from 451 in the order of 453, 455, 457, 459, ....
  • the output of the full adder 25 becomes 877.
  • the full adder 27 performs the operation of 877-426 to write 451 in the k register 21. Accordingly, since the value of the k register 21 is normally repeated in the order of 451, 453, 455, 457, ... 875, 451, 453, ..., only the values from 451 to 876 are available.
  • the wave data can be read from the wave ROM 6 by such a wave ROM address calculator as shown in Fig. 4. Only one wave can be read simultaneously.
  • a draw-bar tone source assume that the number of the pitches of the draw-bars is rendered 9, i.e., 16 feet, 8 feet, feet, 4 feet, feet, 2 feet, feet, feet and 1 feet, and the number of the channels for maximum, simultaneous pronunciation is rendered 8, and that seventy two (nine pitches x 8 channels) wave ROM address calculators are required.
  • Fig. 7 shows a wave ROM address calculator4, which can read seventy-two (in maximum) independent waveforms by the time division multiplexing operation.
  • the timing for reading one wave is performed for each 67.8 ⁇ s as shown in Fig. 6, and the 67.8 ⁇ s is divided in time to 72 slots. Namely, one slot is approximately 0.942 ⁇ s.
  • the completely independent waveform reading operation is performed for each of the slots.
  • the minimum data necessary for reading one wave requires address value k for accessing the wave ROM6, number m of jumps, end address E and the negative figure ⁇ n of the divisor n.
  • address value k for accessing the wave ROM6, number m of jumps, end address E and the negative figure ⁇ n of the divisor n.
  • RAM random access read/write memories 31, 32, 33 and 34
  • RAMs 31, 32, 33 and 34 having 72 addresses are provided, which independently stores the k, m, E and O n for 72 slots. Since RAMs of high storage capacity at low cost are available, they do not add much to the overall hardware cost.
  • the initial value to these RAMs is written through an initial loading interface 35 from the microcomputer 3.
  • a full adder 25, a comparator 26, a full adder 27, an AND gate 28 and a wave ROM 6 may be the same as those of Fig. 4.
  • These circuits may be common in 72 slots to perform the time division multiplexing calculation, which helps to simplify the hardware.
  • Four RAMs are accessed in common by a slot counter 36 which counts a clock ⁇ ' o .
  • the clocks ⁇ ' 1 and ⁇ ' 2 for reading to and storing in these RAMs commonly works for four RAMs.
  • the timing of three clocks of these ⁇ ' 0 , ⁇ ' 1 and ⁇ ' 2 is, respectively, 0.942 ⁇ s as shown in Fig. 8 and is a 3-phase clock which is different in phase.
  • the address counter 36 When a clock enters the ⁇ ' o of Fig. 7, the address counter 36 is renewed to simultaneously update the addresses of four RAMs 31, 32, 33 and 34. Assume that the RAM address has changed from 0 to 1, and the k, m, E, O n of the RAM address 1 are read from the respective RAMs when the read clock ⁇ ' 1 has been given. The value 0 of the kRAM is given to the wave ROM 6 to provide the wave data of 8 feet of the C 3 . The value 8 is written to the kRAM when the write clock ⁇ ' 2 has been given by the same operation as the operation already described in Fig. 4. When the clock of the ⁇ ' o has been given, the address counter 36 counts up to change the RAM address from 1 to 2.
  • the use is performed under the time division multiplexing operation, with the adder 25, the comparator 26, the full adder 27, the AND gate 28 and the wave ROM 6 remaining unchanged, through the replacement of the RAM having 72 addresses therein instead of four registers 21, 22, 23 and 24 in Fig. 4.
  • a multiplexer multiplex selection means for switching the seventy-two signals is normally required to be provided, but in Fig. 7, the multiplexer is not required to be provided.
  • the time division multiplexing operation is automatically performed.
  • An arithmetic logic circuit of the adder 25, the comparator 26, the full adder 27 and the AND gate 28 performs the time division multiplexing operation of each 0.942 ⁇ s one time in accordance with the order of the RAM addresses.
  • a specific RAM address it follows that one operation is performed for each 67.8 ⁇ s. Even in reading of the wave data from the ROM 6, the time division multiplexing reading for each 0.942 ⁇ s is performed in accordance with the order of the RAM address.
  • a specific RAM address it follows that a given wave data is sequentially read for each 67.8 ⁇ s. Time division multiplexing operation of the 72 slots is performed during 67.8 ⁇ s and the 72 sinusoidal waves are read at maximum.
  • One tone wave is read with one slot.
  • the reading of each slot is completely independent. Namely, it is considered that the system construction of Fig. 7 is equivalent to seventy-two independent sinusoidal wave oscillators.
  • the envelope generation will be described hereinafter.
  • the envelope is generated in synchronous relation with the wave generation.
  • the seventy-two (at maximum) envelope signals are provided in the form of time division multiplexing operation. There are some generating methods for envelope signals, and one of them will be described hereinafter although the generating method is not specified.
  • Fig. 9 is one example, wherein the envelope ROM 7 is composed of a 256 address ROM from 00000000(2) to 11111111 (2). The whole is equally divided into eight divisions. The rise-up and fall-down exponential envelopes quantized which are different in amplitude are sequentially written digitally in each of eight divisions. The condition of the respective rise-up envelope and fall-down envelope is apparent in the address of the ROM seen from binary. Namely, as shown in Fig. 10, 3 bits from the most significant bit, i.e., D 7 through D 5 can have eight values from 000 to 111. The 000 is least in amplitude and the 111 is biggest in amplitude. When the bit D 4 is 0, the rise-up envelope is indicated.
  • the fall-down envelope is indicated.
  • the D 3 through Do shows 0000, it means the beginning of the rise-up envelope or the fall-down envelope.
  • the D 3 through Do shows 1111, it means the end of the rise-up envelope or the fall-down envelope.
  • the concrete construction of the envelope ROM address calculator 5 is shown in Fig. 11.
  • the calculator 5 generates seventy-two (at maximum) independent envelope data through the time division multiplexing operation.
  • the calculator is adapted to operate in synchronous relation with the wave ROM address calculator 4.
  • the minimum data necessary for reading 1 envelope requires an address value J for accessing the envelope ROM, an attack speed value A for determining the attack speed of the envelope, a decay speed value D for determining the decay speed, a sustain address value S for determining the sustain level, a release speed value R for determining the release speed, and a state code showing which of the attack, decay, sustain, release and completion the envelope is located in. They are independently stored for the 72 slots with respect to six RAMs 41,42,43,44 45 and 46 having one address.
  • Dividers 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68 and 69 respectively, divide the pulse of 67.4 ⁇ s from 1/8 to I/2048 to generate the pulse from 539.2 ⁇ s to 138.04 ms.
  • One of the dividing pulses from these dividers is selectively switched by a multiplexer 51.
  • Registers 71, 72, 73, 74 and 75 store comparative data to selectively switch these data by a multiplexer 52.
  • Registers 81, 82, 83, 84 and 85 are adapted to temporarily retain the data to be selectively switched by a multiplexer 53.
  • the full adders 47, 49, the comparator 48, the AND gate 50, the multiplexers 51, 52, 53 may be common in 72 slots and use the time division multiplexing.
  • the read clock ⁇ ' 1 and the write clock ⁇ ' 2 are the same as those of Fig. 7. The timing thereof is shown in Fig. 8.
  • each slot of the six RAMs 42 through 46 is required to be the same as that of the wave ROM address calculator of Fig. 7. Namely, the RAM address 0 is required to become the 16 feet of the CH1, the RAM address 1 is required to become the 8 feet of the CH1, .... The RAM address 72 is required to become 1 feet of the CH8.
  • the microcomputer 3 assigns C 3 to the CH1, E 3 to the CH2, and G 3 to the CH3, and the microcomputer 3 writes the data necessary for the six RAMs through the initial loading interface 35.
  • the 8 feet envelope data for C 3 is written in the RAM address 1 and the 4 feet envelope data for C 3 is written in the RAM address 3.
  • the 8 feet envelope data for E 3 is written in the RAM address 10.
  • the 4 feet envelope data for E 3 is written in the RAM address 12.
  • the 8 feet envelope data for G 3 is written in the RAM address 19.
  • the 4 feet envelope data for G 3 is written in the RAM address 21.
  • the multiplexer 53 selects the value of the A-RAM of the RAM address 1 through the attack register 81. If the value of 2 is written therein, it is given to the multiplexer 51 through the multiplexer 53. As apparent from Fig. 5, the pulse of 2.156 ms is supplied to the AND gate 54 from the 1/32 divider 68.
  • the full adder47 adds the value of the J-RAM of the RAM address 1 one by one for each 2.156 ms to increase to 11100001(2), 11100010(2), 11100011(2) ..., 11101111(2) from 11100000(2) thereby to access from the envelope ROM 7 the rise-up portion of the envelope of the maximum amplitude of Fig. 9.
  • the value of 0 from the state code RAM is supplied even to the multiplexer 52 to select the register 71.
  • the 5 bits from the least significant bit of the address of the envelope ROM 7, i.e., the address data 01111(2) of the D 4 through Do as shown in Fig. 10 is retained in the register.
  • the value shows 5 bits, from the least significant bit, of the last address of the rise-up envelope.
  • the value of of the 01111(2) from the register 71 is given to the B terminal of the comparator 48 through the multiplexer 52.
  • the 5 bits from the least significant bit of the full adder 47 is supplied to the A terminal.
  • the comparator 48 checks whether or not the rise-up envelope has been completed.
  • the full adder 49 adds 1 to the value of the state code RAM of the RAM address 1, and, namely, the value changes from 0 to 1.
  • the 1 means the decay condition.
  • the multiplexer 53 selects the value of the D-RAM of the RAM address 1 through the register 82. When the value is 5, the value of 5 is added to the multiplexer 51. As apparent from Table 5, the multiplexer 51 selects the frequency divider 65 of 1/256 to give a pulse to the AND gate 54 for each 17.25 ms.
  • the value of the J-RAM keeps increasing one by one for each 17.25 ms and changes in the order from 11110000(2) to 11110001(2), 11110010(2), 11110011(2), ....
  • the fall-down envelope of the envelope RAM of Fig. 9 is accessed.
  • the value of 1 from the state code RAM is supplied to the multiplexer 52 and the value of S-RAM of the RAM address 1 is supplied to the B terminal of the comparator 48 through the register 72.
  • the value of the S-RAM can have the values from 10000(2) to 11111(2) at the 5 bits, from the least significant bit, of the ROM address of the envelope ROM 7. As apparent from Fig. 9, the value is the address value of the fall-down envelope.
  • the value of the S-RAM is 10111 (2)
  • the value is added to the B terminal of the comparator 48.
  • the value of 5 bits, from the least significant bit, from the full adder 47 is given to the A terminal.
  • the value of the Aterminal is compared with the 10111 (2) of the B terminal.
  • the full adder 49 increases the value of the state code RAM by one, and, namely, the value changes from 1 to 2.
  • the value of 2 from the state code RAM gives to the multiplexer 51 a value of 9, which is retained in the register 83 by the multiplexer 53.
  • the frequency divider 61 is selected with a value of 9.
  • no pulses are provided for ever from the frequency divider 61, and thus the value is normally 0.
  • the output of the AND gate 54 is 0 for ever, and the value of the J-RAM remains 11110111 (2). Since the ROM address 11110111 (2) of the envelope ROM 7 remains accessed for ever, the envelope retains a constant level, which does not change together with time, to realize a so-called sustain condition. Under this sustain condition, the multiplexer 52 selects the register 73 with a value of 2 from the state code RAM 42.
  • the 11111 (2) which is a value of 5 bits from the least significant bit of the envelope ROM 7 is retained in the register. As apparent from Fig. 9, the value shows the last address of the fall-down envelope. Although the value is added to the B terminal of the comparator48, the value of the J-RAM 41 remains 11110111 (2) and does not increase. 1 does not appear at the A>B terminal of the comparator 48. The output of the AND gate 50 remains 0. As a result, the value of the state code RAM 42 does not increase and retains 2.
  • the microcomputer 3 When the key of the C 3 is released, the microcomputer 3 inputs the keyboard data to instruct the value of 3 to the state code RAM 42 of the RAM address 1 and the RAM address 3 (since the 4 feet of C 3 is assigned even to the RAM address 3) through the initial loading interface 35. As apparent from Table 4, this means release.
  • the value of the 3 is applied to the multiplexer 53.
  • the multiplexer 53 selects the value of the R-RAM 46 through the register 84 to supply it to the multiplexer 51. If the value of 8 is written in the R-RAM 46, the 1/2048 frequency divider 63 is selected as apparent from Table 5 and the pulse is fed to the AND gate 54 once for each 138.0 ms.
  • the value of the J-RAM 41 starts to increase again for each 138.0 ms by the full adder 47 and changes from 11110111(2) to 11111000(2), 11111001(2), 11111010(2), ... to sequentially access the fall-down envelope of the envelope ROM 7.
  • the value of 3 from the state code RAM 42 is given even to the multiplexer 52 to select the register 74.
  • the 11111(2) of the 5 bits of the least significant bit of the ROM address of the envelope ROM 7 is stored even in the register. This is the last address of the fall-down envelope.
  • This value is applied to the B terminal of the comparator 48 through the multiplexer 52 and is always compared with the value of the A terminal from the full adder 47.
  • the A>B terminal of the comparator 48 becomes 1.
  • the full adder 49 adds 1 to the value of the state code RAM 42, and, namely, the value changes from 3 to 4.
  • the value of 4 from the state code RAM 42 is applied to the multiplexer 53 and the value of 9 is selected from the register 85.
  • the value is supplied to the multiplexer 51 through the multiplexer 53 to select the frequency divider 61 as apparent from Table 5.
  • the value of the J-RAM 41 remains 11111111 (2).
  • the value of 4 from the state code RAM 42 is fed even to the multiplexer 52.
  • the value 11111 (2) of the 5 bits from the least significant bit of the envelope ROM 7 is given to the B terminal of the comparator 48 through the multiplexer 52 from the register 75.
  • the state code RAM 42 remains 4.
  • the 11111111(2) is retained for ever in the J-RAM and 4 remains in the state code RAM 42.
  • the final envelope data of the fall-down envelope of the envelope ROM 7, i.e., a condition where the envelope has been fallen down (condition of no sounds) remains.
  • the ADSR envelope obtained by the above description is shown in Fig. 12. It can be easily understood from the above description that the attack time, the decay time, the sustain level and the release time can be freely changed when the initial value to be written from the microcomputer 3 in each of the A-RAM 43, D-RAM 44, S-RAM 45, R-RAM 46 is changed. As apparent from Table 5, the attack time, the decay time and the release time becomes shorter when the initial values, to be written in the A-RAM 43, D-RAM 44 and R-RAM 46, are rendered smaller, and become longer when the initial values are rendered larger. Also, as apparent from Fig. 9, when the initial value to be written in the S-RAM becomes closer to 10000(2), the sustain level becomes larger. When it becomes closer to 11111(2), the sustain level becomes smaller. Since the ADSR envelope can be freely set as described hereinabove, most of the simulations for existing musical instruments can be realized.
  • the ROM address for the wave ROM 6 is calculated by the time division multiplexing operation of the 72 slots and is calculated from the wave ROM address calculator 4 so that the wave data is also obtained in the form of the time division multiplexing of the 72 slots from the wave ROM 6. Since the ROM address for the envelope ROM 7 is obtained in the form of the time division multiplexing of the 72 slots even from the envelope ROM address calculator 5 at a timing synchronized with it, the envelope data from the envelope ROM 7 is obtained in the form of the time division multiplexing of the 72 slots.
  • the wave data with the envelope attached thereto is obtained in the form of the time division multiplexing of the 72 slots, and the output is also provided as tone signals from the speaker 12 through a D/A converter 9, a clock rejection filter 10 and a power amplifier 11.
  • the rise-up and fall-down envelope data of the various amplitudes are stored as the envelope ROM 7 as shown in Fig. 9.
  • An embodiment wherein the envelope data of the amplitude of one type is accommodated and the ROM size is rendered smaller will be described hereinafter.
  • Fig. 13 shows the entire system thereof.
  • the difference from the construction of Fig. 1 lies in the addition of the amplitude data storing means 13 and the multiplier 14. Since the amplitude data is obtained with time division multiplexing from the amplitude data storing means 13, only the envelope data of a constant amplitude is required to be stored in the envelope ROM 7.
  • the RAM 47 of 72 addresses where the amplitude data Ware stored is required to be provided as the actual construction of the amplitude data storing means.
  • the slot counter 36, the microcomputer 3 and the initial loading interface 35 may be the same as those shown already in Fig. 7 and Fig. 11.
  • the address counter sequentially accesses the RAM 47 for each counting of the ⁇ ' o to provide the amplitude data in the form of the time division multiplexing to the output.
  • the wave ROM 6 can also be rendered smaller in size by the addition of some hardwares.
  • the wave ROM 6 has the one-half-period wave data of the sinusoidal wave stored therein.
  • One bit of sign RAM 48 is provided adjacent to the K-RAM 31 and the value of O n/2 is stored in the RAM 34. Since the wave ROM 6 is stored by half the wave in such a manner as described hereinabove, the ROM size can be reduced to one half. The size of the wave ROM can be made necessarily smaller in size due to addition of some hardwares even in the one-fourth wave.
  • Fig. 17 Details of the multichannel construction of Fig. 1 can be seen in Fig. 17.
  • the converters 91, 92, 93, the clock rejection filters 101, 102, 103, the power amplifiers 111, 112, 113 and the speakers 121, 122,123 are disposed by three channels.
  • the channel data from the channel data means 14 determines which channel makes sounds.
  • the demultiplexer 15 distributes the tone signal data, which is obtained from the multiplier 8 and has already had the envelope to a given channel by a channel data. Accordingly, the microcomputer 3 writes in the channel data means 14 a channel to be assigned in each of the 72 slots.
  • the channel data means 14 is the same in construction as the amplitude data means of Fig. 14.
  • the 72 slots may be assigned up to the seventy-second harmonics from the fundamental in the use as the tone source of the monotony. Also, since the number of the maximum, simultaneous pronunciations is considered for in the use as the accompaniment chord, 18 slots can be assigned per one tone and can be assigned from the fundamental to the eighteenth harmonics. In this manner, flexibility is allowed with respect to any tone source.
  • the present system does not require a tone color filter at all as in conventional systems, since the tone color is adapted to be changed by the composition of the sinusoidal wave.
  • tone color filters not only complicates the system, but also causes undesirable results such as S/N reduction, distortion inducement, etc.
  • the D/A conversion allows the direct connection up to the power amplifier without extra work.
  • the system wherein no wave calculation is performed is one of the characteristics in accordance with the present invention.
  • the harmonics from the fundamental to the seventy-second are assigned to the 72 slots.
  • the sinusoidal wave amplitude of each of the 72 harmonics is multiplied by the respective spectrum amount in accordance with the spectrum. They are added to provide complex waves, which are written into a wave memory. Thereafter, the wave reading is performed for multiplication with the envelope data, and a so-called inverted fourier transform is provided.
  • all the 72 sinusoidal waves will be read with the same amplitude straight without the wave calculation. And a given tone color is provided as the multiplication results with the 72 envelope data.
  • the problems involved in the wave calculation are provided as described in the beginning. In the system of the present invention, all these problems can be settled.
  • the characteristic is that the instantaneous tone color can be changed.
  • the 72 slots can control the frequency of the wave independently and can set the envelope of the ADSR independently. Since the instantaneous color tone variation means an instantaneous spectrum variation, assume that the seventy-two harmonics are assigned from the fundamental to the 72 slots, and the attack time is made faster with lower order in harmonics and the attack time is made sufficiently slower with higher order in harmonics so that soft tones which are less in harmonics starts at the beginning of the key depression, and tone which are more in harmonics are provided as time passes.
  • the system construction is extremely simple.
  • the RAM address requires 72 waves or envelopes independently, although the 72 waves or envelopes are read independently. Not only the full adder, comparator necessary for calculation, but also the wave ROM, envelope ROM, multiplier, D/Aconverter, etc. are not disposed by 72. If they are disposed one by one, the employment can be performed by the time division multiplex of 72 slot portions. In the time division multiplex of 72 slots, 72 data are normally provided and are sequentially switched by the multiplexer. However, according to the present invention, the RAM of the 72 addresses is used. Thus, the time division multiplexing can be realized freely, by the rotation of the addresses, without the use of the multiplexer. This point is an advantageous point in the system construction of the present invention.
  • the major system portion of the present invention is all digital.
  • Digital circuits are better in view of noise margin as compared with analog circuits. Namely, since all the circuit repeats 1 and 0 fully in the power source voltage, all the signals can be handled in volt units. On the other hand, analog circuits require to handle the signals in millivolt or microvolt units. Thus, special care is required in design even in view of S/N, distortion or earth wiring.
  • advantages are provided in assembling the electronic musical instrument. Namely, major portions of the present invention are of digital construction easier for large scale integration and can be realized with the use of approximately 10,000 transistors in the number of the elements except for the microcomputers. Current digital LSI can sufficiently include in 1 chip 64K bit mask ROMs and 16K bit static RAMs. The major portions of the electronic musical instrument, even if the microcomputer is contained, can be constructed on one printed circuit board, thus resulting in a remarkable progress as compared with the conventional construction of using ten-odd or several tens of printed circuit boards.
  • the wave ROM may be a RAM without any restriction to the ROM.
  • the present invention can realize a tone source system for a superior electronic musical instrument which is suitable for LSI application, since the wave data can be provided in the form of the time division multiplexing, or the envelope data can be provided in the form of time division multiplexing in synchronous relation with it, and the wave data to which the envelopes are attached can be provided in the form of time division multiplexing through multiplication of these data.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Elektronisches Musikinstrument mit einer Hüllkurven-Erzeugungseinrichtung, bei welchem die Hüllkurven-Erzeugungseinrichtung aus einem Hüllkurvenspeicher (7) zum Speichern von Hüllkurvendaten und einem Adreßrechner(5) zum Berechnen der Adreßdaten für den Hüllkurven-Speicher (7) im Zeitmultiplexverfahren gebildet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hüllkurven-Speicher (7) ein digitaler Speicher ist, daß der Adreßrechner (5) für den Hüllkurven-Speicher (7) einen Lese-/Schreib-Speicher (41-46) mit einer Mehrfachadresse zum Speichern von Parametern (J, Zustandscode, A, D, S, R), welche von einer Steuerungseinrichtung (3) übereineAnfangslade-Schnittstelle (35) abgegeben werden und eine arithmetische Logikschaltung (47-50) umfaßt, die aus wenigstens einem Addierer zum Errechnen der Adreßdaten für den digitalen Hüllkurven-Speicher (7) besteht, um mehrere digitale Hüllkurvendaten von dem digitalen Hüllkurven-Speicher (7) im Zeitmultiplexverfahren zu erhalten.
2. Instrument nach Anspruch 1, bei welchem ein Statuscoderegister (42) zum Speichern und Behalten eines Statuscodes des Anschlagens, des Nachklingens, des Anhaltens, des Auslösens und des Ausklingens vom Betätigen einer Taste einer Tastatur bis zum Verschwinden eines Tones in einem Adreßrechner (5) für den digitalen Hüllkurven- Speicher (7) zum Steuern des Lesezustandes des Hüllkurvenspeichers (7) durch den Zustandscode aus dem Zustandscoderegister (42) vorgesehen ist.
3. Instrument nach Anspruch 2, bei welchem die Selektion vom Anstiegszustand zum Nachklingzustand, die Selektion vom Nachklingzustand zum Anhaltezustand und die Selektion vom Auslösezustand zum Ausklingzustand durch den Vergleich des Multiplexer-Wertes mit dem vorgegebenen Adreßwert des digitalen Hüllkurvenspeichers (7) ausgeführt wird.
4. Instrument nach Anspruch 2, bei welchem, wenn der Zustandscode des Zustandscoderegisters (42) der Anstiegszustand, der Nachklingzustand oder der Auslösezustand ist, der jeweilige Zustandscode Taktselektionsdaten zum Selektieren eines Taktes zum Lesen der Hüllkurvendaten aus dem Hüllkurvenspeicher (7) verwendet, wodurch die Anstiegszeit, die Nachklingzeit und die Auslösezeit optional veränderbar sind.
5. Instrument nach Anspruch 2, bei welchem, wenn der Statuscode aus dem Statuscoderegister (42) der Anhaltestatus ist, ein Takt zum Lesen des Hüllkurvenspeichers (7) in seiner Stopposition ist.
6. Instrument nach Anspruch 1, bei welchem mehrere Gruppen digitaler Hüllkurvendaten, welche unterschiedliche Amplitudenwerte aufweisen, in dem digitalen Hüllkurvenspeicher (7) gespeichert sind und eine Gruppe von Hüllkurvendaten mit einem gewünschten Amplitudenwert selektiv aus den Gruppen der digitalen Hüllkurvendaten ausgelesen wird, welche durch Zeitmultiplex erhalten werden, um die Amplitude der Tonsignale zu steuern.
7. Instrument nach Anspruch 1, bei welchem der digitale Hüllkurvenspeicher (7) aus einem Nur-Lese-Speicher gebildet ist.
8. Instrument nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, mit einer digitalen Wellenerzeugungseinrichtung zum Erzeugen digitaler Zeitmultiplexdaten mehrerer Tonwellen, gekennzeichnet durch eine digitale Multipliziereinrichtung zum Zeitmultiplex-Multiplizieren der Digitaldaten der Tonwellen mit den Digitaldaten mehrerer digitaler Hüllkurvendaten von der Hüllkurvenerzeugungseinrichtung.
9. Instrument nach Anspruch 8, gekennzeichnet durch einen Digital-/Analog-Wandler zum Wandeln der Digitaldaten von der Multiplexeinrichtung in analoge Signale.
EP87112580A 1980-02-20 1981-02-11 Elektronisches Musikinstrument Expired - Lifetime EP0255151B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP20734/80 1980-02-20
JP2073480A JPS56117291A (en) 1980-02-20 1980-02-20 Electronec musical instrument
EP81100943A EP0035658B1 (de) 1980-02-20 1981-02-11 Elektronisches Musikinstrument

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EP81100943.0 Division 1981-02-11

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EP0255151A2 EP0255151A2 (de) 1988-02-03
EP0255151A3 EP0255151A3 (en) 1989-03-01
EP0255151B1 true EP0255151B1 (de) 1995-12-20

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Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2237594C3 (de) * 1971-07-31 1984-02-23 Nippon Gakki Seizo K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka System zur Erzeugung von Tonwellenformen durch Abtasten gespeicherter Wellenformen für ein elektronisches Musikinstrument
US3844379A (en) * 1971-12-30 1974-10-29 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Electronic musical instrument with key coding in a key address memory
US4083285A (en) * 1974-09-27 1978-04-11 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
JPS5245321A (en) * 1975-10-07 1977-04-09 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kk Electronic musical instrument
JPS5812599B2 (ja) * 1976-10-08 1983-03-09 ヤマハ株式会社 電子楽器のエンペロ−プ発生器

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EP0255151A2 (de) 1988-02-03
EP0255151A3 (en) 1989-03-01

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