EP0249796B1 - Gas discharge overtension arrester - Google Patents

Gas discharge overtension arrester Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0249796B1
EP0249796B1 EP87107985A EP87107985A EP0249796B1 EP 0249796 B1 EP0249796 B1 EP 0249796B1 EP 87107985 A EP87107985 A EP 87107985A EP 87107985 A EP87107985 A EP 87107985A EP 0249796 B1 EP0249796 B1 EP 0249796B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrodes
gas discharge
gas
surge arrester
voltage surge
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP87107985A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0249796A1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Boy
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication of EP0249796A1 publication Critical patent/EP0249796A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0249796B1 publication Critical patent/EP0249796B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/24—Selection of materials for electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
    • H01T1/22—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap by the shape or the composition of the electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/16—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a plurality of gaps arranged in series

Definitions

  • the invention is in the field of electrical components and can be used in the structural design of a gas discharge surge arrester which has at least two discharge paths connected in series.
  • each discharge section consists of two electrodes and an insulating tube, the two electrodes each reaching into the openings of an insulating tube and being connected to the latter in a vacuum-tight manner.
  • the two electrodes inserted into an insulating tube each have opposing end faces; several such modules are arranged one behind the other in the axial direction.
  • the electrodes arranged between the two outer electrodes are each provided with a bore lying in the axial direction, so that the discharge paths arranged one behind the other have a common gas space (US Pat. No. 3,866,091).
  • Such a surge arrester has a short response time, but a relatively long deionization time.
  • the invention has for its object to design the surge arrester so that it is suitable as a switch for high voltages and high frequencies; it should therefore have an increased glow burning voltage with a reduced deionization time.
  • High switching frequencies here means a switching frequency of more than 1000 switching / s, a high switching frequency in the sense of the invention is a frequency in the kHz range.
  • the insulating tube and the two electrodes of each discharge gap form a closed gas space which has a hydrogen-containing gas filling, that the electrodes consist of copper and that an activation compound made of sodium silicate and a metal component is placed on the end faces of the electrodes is applied.
  • a filling gas that is easy to handle during production consists of hydrogen and argon, the hydrogen content being between 5% and 20%.
  • Sodium silicate with an admixed metal component e.g. nickel
  • an ignition voltage of 1 kV and a glow burning voltage> 150 V can be achieved for each individual arrester. This can be used, for example, to implement four thousand switching operations / second in a resonant circuit for igniting high-pressure gas discharge lamps without extinguishing failures influencing the functional reliability.
  • the ignition voltage can be e.g. 7kV to 8kV can be set.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show arrangements according to the invention in a sectional view.
  • the electrodes 3, 4 and 5 are made of copper.
  • the individual gas discharge spaces 6, each formed by an insulating tube 9 and two electrodes 3, 4, are filled with a hydrogen-containing filling gas. This selection of materials significantly reduces deionization time.
  • the end faces 7 of the electrodes 3, 4 and 5 are each provided with an activation layer 8 made of sodium silicate and a metal component. This ensures a relatively low arc voltage in conjunction with a sufficiently high glow voltage and greatly reduces the evaporation of electrode material during the passage of current.
  • a frequency of 4 kHz can be switched off, for example, and an ignition voltage of 1 kV per individual arrester 1, 2 and a glow voltage of 150 V per individual arrester 1, 2, so that the gas discharge paths formed from n individual arresters (FIGS. 1, 2) each have an ignition voltage of nx 1kV and a glow lamp voltage of nx 150V.
  • An advantageous application of the invention is the ignition of high-voltage gas discharge lamps.
  • An embodiment with a total of eight individual arresters 1, 2 can advantageously be used for such an application.
  • the switching problems that usually occur here result in four thousand switching operations / second and can be handled without any problems using the discharge path according to the invention.
  • the gas discharge path can either consist of the series connection of discrete individual arresters (FIG. 1) or in a composite embodiment in which the individual arresters are arranged axially to one another and adjacent electrodes are soldered to one another or consist of one piece.
  • the electrodes 5 which are integrally connected to one another advantageously consist of solid material (FIG. 2). This achieves a higher heat capacity, which enables a higher stability of the ignition voltage during operation.
  • the mechanical stresses caused by temperature fluctuations are harmless due to the symmetrical structure of the electrodes and because of the insulating material tubes 9 adjoining on both sides in the usual dimensions.
  • the insulating material tubes 9 are preferably made of ceramic.

Description

Die Erfindung liegt auf dem Gebiet der elektrischen Bauelemente und ist bei der konstruktiven Ausgestaltung eines Gasentladungs-Überspannungsableiters anzuwenden, der wenigstens zwei in Reihe geschaltete Entladungsstrecken aufweist.The invention is in the field of electrical components and can be used in the structural design of a gas discharge surge arrester which has at least two discharge paths connected in series.

Bei einem bekannten Gastentladungs-Überspannungsableiter mit mehreren in Reihe geschalteten Entladungsstrecken besteht jede Entladungsstrecke aus zwei Elektroden und einem Isolierstoffrohr, wobei die beiden Elektroden jeweils in die Öffnungen eines Isolierrohres hineinreichen und mit diesem vakuumdicht verbunden sind. Die beiden in jeweils ein Isolierrohr eingesetzten Elektroden weisen einander gegenüberliegende Stirnflächen auf; mehrere solcher Baugruppen sind in Achsrichtung hintereinander angeordnet. Dabei sind die zwischen den beiden Außenelektroden angeordneten Elektroden jeweils mit einer in Achsrichtung liegenden Bohrung versehen, so daß die hintereinander angeordneten Entladungsstrecken einen gemeinsamen Gasraum aufweisen (US-A-3 866 091). Ein derart ausgebildeter Überspannungsableiter hat zwar eine kurze Ansprechzeit, aber eine relativ lange Entionisierungszeit.In a known guest discharge surge arrester with a plurality of discharge sections connected in series, each discharge section consists of two electrodes and an insulating tube, the two electrodes each reaching into the openings of an insulating tube and being connected to the latter in a vacuum-tight manner. The two electrodes inserted into an insulating tube each have opposing end faces; several such modules are arranged one behind the other in the axial direction. The electrodes arranged between the two outer electrodes are each provided with a bore lying in the axial direction, so that the discharge paths arranged one behind the other have a common gas space (US Pat. No. 3,866,091). Such a surge arrester has a short response time, but a relatively long deionization time.

Im übrigen ist es bekannt, daß die Entionisierungszeit von Gasentladungsstrecken durch Verwendung von Stickstoff oder Wasserstoff als Füllgas verkürzt werden kann (Zeitschrift "Instruments and Experimental Techniques, Vol. 16, 1973, Seite 162/164). Weiterhin ist es bekannt, für Überspannungsableiter oder Gasentladungsstrecken Kupferelektroden zu verwenden (US-A-3 366 435, DE-A- 23 54 697).Moreover, it is known that the deionization time of gas discharge lines can be shortened by using nitrogen or hydrogen as the filling gas (magazine "Instruments and Experimental Techniques, Vol. 16, 1973, page 162/164). Furthermore, it is known for surge arresters or Gas discharge lines to use copper electrodes (US-A-3 366 435, DE-A-23 54 697).

Ausgehend von einem Gasentladungs-Überspannungsableiter mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Patentanspruches 1 (US-A-3 866 091) liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Überpannungsableiter so auszubilden, daß er als Schalter für hohe Spannungen und hohe Frequenzen geeignet ist; er soll also eine erhöhte Glimmbrennspannung bei gleichzeitig verringerter Entionisierungszeit aufweisen. - Unter "hohen Schaltfrequenzen" wird hierbei eine Schalthäufigkeit von mehr als 1000 Schaltungen/s verstanden, eine hohe Schaltfrequenz im Sinne der Erfindung ist eine Frequenz im kHz-Bereich.Starting from a gas discharge surge arrester with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1 (US-A-3 866 091), the invention has for its object to design the surge arrester so that it is suitable as a switch for high voltages and high frequencies; it should therefore have an increased glow burning voltage with a reduced deionization time. - "High switching frequencies" here means a switching frequency of more than 1000 switching / s, a high switching frequency in the sense of the invention is a frequency in the kHz range.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist gemäß der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß das Isolierrohr und die beiden Elektroden jeder Entladungsstrecke einen abgeschlossenen Gasraum bilden, der eine wasserstoffhaltige Gasfüllung aufweist, daß die Elektroden aus Kupfer bestehen und daß auf die Stirnflächen der Elektroden eine Aktivierungsmasse aus Natriumsilikat und einer Metallkomponente aufgebracht ist.To achieve this object, it is provided according to the invention that the insulating tube and the two electrodes of each discharge gap form a closed gas space which has a hydrogen-containing gas filling, that the electrodes consist of copper and that an activation compound made of sodium silicate and a metal component is placed on the end faces of the electrodes is applied.

Bei einem derart ausgebildeten Überspannungsableiter besteht also die eigentliche Schaltstrecke aus der Reihenschaltung von zwei oder mehr Einzelableitern, welche Kupferelektroden,eine wasserstoffhaltige Gasfüllung und eine geeignete Aktivierungsmasse aufweisen.In the case of a surge arrester designed in this way, there is the actual one Switching path from the series connection of two or more individual arresters, which have copper electrodes, a hydrogen-containing gas filling and a suitable activation compound.

Ein bei der Fertigung gut zu handhabendes Füllgas besteht aus Wasserstofff und Argon, wobei der Wasserstoffanteil zwischen 5% und 20% liegt.A filling gas that is easy to handle during production consists of hydrogen and argon, the hydrogen content being between 5% and 20%.

Auf die Stirnflächen der Elektroden ist als Aktivierungsmasse Natriumsilikat mit einer beigemischten Metallkomponente, beispielsweise Nickel,aufgebracht.Mit einer der-artigen Ausführungsform läßt sich für jeden Einzelableiter eine Zündspannung von 1kV und eine Glimmbrennspannung >150V erreichen. Damit können beispielsweise in einem Schwingkreis zum Zünden von Hochdruck-Gasentladungslampen viertausend Schaltungen/Sekunde realisiert werden, ohne daß Löschversager die Funktionssicherheit beeinflussen. Die Zündspannung kann je nach Anzahl von Einzelableitern auf z.B. 7kV bis 8kV eingestellt werden.Sodium silicate with an admixed metal component, e.g. nickel, is applied to the end faces of the electrodes as an activation compound. With such an embodiment, an ignition voltage of 1 kV and a glow burning voltage> 150 V can be achieved for each individual arrester. This can be used, for example, to implement four thousand switching operations / second in a resonant circuit for igniting high-pressure gas discharge lamps without extinguishing failures influencing the functional reliability. Depending on the number of individual arresters, the ignition voltage can be e.g. 7kV to 8kV can be set.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Figuren 1 und 2 näher erläutert. Die Figuren zeigen erfindungsgemäße Anordnungen in geschnittener Ansicht.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The figures show arrangements according to the invention in a sectional view.

In diesen Aufbauten bestehen die Elektroden 3, 4 und 5 aus Kupfer. Die einzelnen,jeweils von einem Isolievrohr 9 und zwei Elektroden 3,4 gebildeten Gasentladungsräume 6 sind mit einem wasser-stoffhaltigen Füllgas gefüllt. Durch diese Materialauswahl ist eine erhebliche Verringerung der Entionisierungszeit erreicht. Die Stirnflächen 7 der Elektroden 3, 4 und 5 sind jeweils mit einer Aktivierungsschicht 8 aus Natriumsilikat und einer Metallkomponente versehen. Dadurch wird eine relativ geringe Bogenbrennspannung in Verbindung mit einer ausreichend hohen Glimmbrennspannung gewährleistet und ein Abdampfen von Elektrodenmaterial beim Stromdurchgang stark reduziert.In these structures, the electrodes 3, 4 and 5 are made of copper. The individual gas discharge spaces 6, each formed by an insulating tube 9 and two electrodes 3, 4, are filled with a hydrogen-containing filling gas. This selection of materials significantly reduces deionization time. The end faces 7 of the electrodes 3, 4 and 5 are each provided with an activation layer 8 made of sodium silicate and a metal component. This ensures a relatively low arc voltage in conjunction with a sufficiently high glow voltage and greatly reduces the evaporation of electrode material during the passage of current.

Mit der beschriebenen Ausführungsform läßt sich beispielsweise eine Frequenz von 4kHz abschalten und dabei je Einzelableiter 1, 2 eine Zündspannung von 1kV und eine Glimmbrennspannung von l50V je Einzelableiter 1, 2 erreichen, so daß die aus n Einzelableitern gebildeten Gasentladungsstrecken (Fig. 1, 2) jeweils eine Zündspannung von n x 1kV und eine Glimmbrennspannung von n x 150V aufweisen.With the described embodiment, a frequency of 4 kHz can be switched off, for example, and an ignition voltage of 1 kV per individual arrester 1, 2 and a glow voltage of 150 V per individual arrester 1, 2, so that the gas discharge paths formed from n individual arresters (FIGS. 1, 2) each have an ignition voltage of nx 1kV and a glow lamp voltage of nx 150V.

Eine vorteilhafte Anwendung der Erfindung besteht in der Zündung von Hochspannungsgasentladungslampen. Für eine derartige Anwendung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel mit insgesamt acht Einzelableitern 1, 2 vorteilhaft einsetzbar. Die hierbei üblicherweise auftretenden Schaltprobleme ergeben viertausend Schaltungen/Sekunde und können mit der erfindungsgemäßen Entladungsstrecke problemlos bewätigt werden.An advantageous application of the invention is the ignition of high-voltage gas discharge lamps. An embodiment with a total of eight individual arresters 1, 2 can advantageously be used for such an application. The switching problems that usually occur here result in four thousand switching operations / second and can be handled without any problems using the discharge path according to the invention.

Die Gasentladungsstrecke kann entweder aus der Reihenschaltung diskreter Einzelableiter (Fig. 1) oder in einer zusammengesetzten Ausführung bestehen, bei welcher die Einzelableiter axial zueinander angeordnet sind und aneinandergrenzende Elektroden miteinander verlötet sind oder aus einem Stück bestehen. Im zuletzt genannten Beispiel bestehen die miteinander einstückig verbundenen Elektroden 5 vorteilhaft aus Vollmaterial (Fig.2). Dadurch wird eine höhere Wärmekapazität erreicht, die eine höhere Stabilität der Zündspannung während des Betriebes ermöglicht. Die durch Temperaturschwankungen hervorgerufenen mechanischen Spannungen sind wegen des Symmetrischen Aufbaues der Elektroden und wegen der beidseitig angrenzenden Isolierstoffrohre 9 bei üblichen Dimensionierungen unschädlich. Dabei bestehen die Isolierstoffrohre 9 vorzugsweise aus Keramik.The gas discharge path can either consist of the series connection of discrete individual arresters (FIG. 1) or in a composite embodiment in which the individual arresters are arranged axially to one another and adjacent electrodes are soldered to one another or consist of one piece. In the last-mentioned example, the electrodes 5 which are integrally connected to one another advantageously consist of solid material (FIG. 2). This achieves a higher heat capacity, which enables a higher stability of the ignition voltage during operation. The mechanical stresses caused by temperature fluctuations are harmless due to the symmetrical structure of the electrodes and because of the insulating material tubes 9 adjoining on both sides in the usual dimensions. The insulating material tubes 9 are preferably made of ceramic.

BezugszeichenlisteReference symbol list Nr. Begriff 1, 2 Einzelableiter 3, 4 Elektrode 5 einstückig miteinander verbundene Elektroden 6 Gasentladungsspalt 7 Stirnfläche 8 Aktivierungsschicht 9 IsolierstoffrohrNo. Term 1, 2 individual arresters 3, 4 electrode 5 electrodes connected in one piece to each other 6 gas discharge gap 7 end face 8 activation layer 9 insulating tube

Claims (5)

  1. A gas discharge voltage surge arrester, having at least two discharge gaps connected in series, in which each discharge gap consists of two electrodes and an insulating tube and in which both electrodes project into respective openings of the insulating tube and are connected therewith in a vacuum-tight manner, wherein both electrodes have end faces opposing each other and the space between the discharge gaps is filled with a filling gas, characterised in that the insulating tube (9) and both electrodes (3,4) of each discharge gap form a sealed gas chamber (6), which has a hydrogen-containing gas filling, in that the electrodes (3,4) consist of copper and in that an activation composition (8) of sodium silicate and a metal component is applied onto the end faces of the electrodes.
  2. A gas discharge voltage surge arrester according to claim 1, characterised in that the filling gas consists of H2 and Ar and that the H2 proportion lies between 5% by volume and 20% by volume.
  3. A gas discharge voltage surge arrester according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the individual arresters are arranged coaxially with respect to one another and mutually-adjoining electrodes are soldered together.
  4. A gas discharge voltage surge arrester according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the individual arresters are arranged coaxially with respect to one another and in that mutually-adjoining electrodes are connected together in one piece and consist of solid material.
  5. Use of a gas discharge voltage surge arrester according to one of claims 1 to 4 for igniting high pressure gas discharge lamps.
EP87107985A 1986-06-18 1987-06-02 Gas discharge overtension arrester Expired - Lifetime EP0249796B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3620344 1986-06-18
DE3620344 1986-06-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0249796A1 EP0249796A1 (en) 1987-12-23
EP0249796B1 true EP0249796B1 (en) 1991-02-27

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EP87107985A Expired - Lifetime EP0249796B1 (en) 1986-06-18 1987-06-02 Gas discharge overtension arrester

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US (1) US4797778A (en)
EP (1) EP0249796B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2561900B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3768147D1 (en)

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DE3723571C2 (en) * 1987-07-16 1995-05-04 Siemens Ag High voltage spark gap
JP2860335B2 (en) * 1990-09-25 1999-02-24 矢崎総業株式会社 Discharge tube
JPH0536459A (en) * 1991-07-31 1993-02-12 Okaya Electric Ind Co Ltd Discharge type surge absorbing element
IL124696A (en) * 1998-05-29 2007-05-15 Rafael Advanced Defense Sys Compact multistage spark-gap switch
JP2002270329A (en) 2001-03-09 2002-09-20 Shinko Electric Ind Co Ltd Gas-enclosed switching discharge tube
JP3940431B2 (en) * 2004-12-06 2007-07-04 アレイプロトテック株式会社 Lightning protection device
US7301122B2 (en) * 2005-04-04 2007-11-27 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Inline spark gap assembly
DE102005016848A1 (en) * 2005-04-12 2006-10-19 Epcos Ag Surge arresters
WO2007033247A2 (en) * 2005-09-14 2007-03-22 Littelfuse, Inc. Gas-filled surge arrester, activating compound, ignition stripes and method therefore
JP5304997B2 (en) * 2008-10-09 2013-10-02 三菱マテリアル株式会社 surge absorber
DE102009006545B4 (en) * 2009-01-29 2017-08-17 Epcos Ag Surge arrester and arrangement of several surge arresters to an array

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JPS58204483A (en) * 1982-05-25 1983-11-29 株式会社　水戸テツク Arresting tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3768147D1 (en) 1991-04-04
US4797778A (en) 1989-01-10
EP0249796A1 (en) 1987-12-23
JP2561900B2 (en) 1996-12-11
JPS6324576A (en) 1988-02-01

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