EP0243111A2 - Granulé pour l'administration aux ruminants - Google Patents
Granulé pour l'administration aux ruminants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0243111A2 EP0243111A2 EP87303394A EP87303394A EP0243111A2 EP 0243111 A2 EP0243111 A2 EP 0243111A2 EP 87303394 A EP87303394 A EP 87303394A EP 87303394 A EP87303394 A EP 87303394A EP 0243111 A2 EP0243111 A2 EP 0243111A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pellet
- electrically conductive
- component
- tube
- magnesium alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
- A61K9/0068—Rumen, e.g. rumen bolus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
- A23K40/35—Making capsules specially adapted for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
- A61J3/00—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms
- A61J3/06—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms into the form of pills, lozenges or dragees
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M31/00—Devices for introducing or retaining media, e.g. remedies, in cavities of the body
- A61M31/002—Devices for releasing a drug at a continuous and controlled rate for a prolonged period of time
Definitions
- British Patent 1,102,979 describes the construction of several types of pellet for supplying magnesium and other biologically active materials to ruminants and in particular cattle and sheep.
- the pellets are introduced into the rumeno-reticular sac via the mouth using a balling gun and remain therein for an extended period of time, typically several months, and gradually release a supply of biologically active material to the animal.
- pellet or bolus is tubular in shape, the tube being made from a magnesium base alloy capable of being corroded by the rumen juices.
- the tube may serve as a carrier for drugs such as anthelmintics, antibiotics or other biologically active material.
- the tube may be coated with a resin, paint, plastic, rubber or other water impermeable material on its exterior surface save for the open end of the tube. The coating protects the exterior of the tubular bolus from corrosion by the rumen juices except at the open end which is gradually corroded away. Alternatively both ends of the tube may be left open in which case corrosion proceeds from both ends simultaneously.
- the biologically active material is contained within the tube.
- the magnesium alloys used for these devices have a density of approximately 1.8 gm/ml and it is hence necessary to weight the tube with a dense material such as iron, in metallic form or as an oxide, silicate or other compounds. Finely i divided iron shot has been widely used for weighting commercially-available magnesium boluses and is suitable for the purpose of this invention.
- the weighting material is mixed with the biologically active matter with or without a suitable binder and pressed to shape to form a solid core.
- the core may be formed in a pelleting die as a cylindrical shaped tablet or as a series of tablets and introduced into the magnesium alloy tube where they are a close fit.
- the mixed ingredients are forced into the tube using a hydraulic or mechanical press to form a coherent core. This may be done in several stages and the concentration and nature of the biologically active material varied along the length of the bolus so that as corrosion of the tube proceeds the exposed core releases varying amounts of the same or different biologically active materials to the animal.
- a second commercial type of such a pellet consists of a central magnesium alloy support rod which carries several segments, of plastics material, which are an interference fit on the rod. Each such segment provides a respective annular recess which contains a ring-form tablet of anthelmintic or other biologically-active material.
- the adjacent plastics segments abut closely to prevent ingress of liquid, and rubber sealing washers may be provided between the segments.
- the device must be weighted to provide a minimum density of about 2.2gm/ml in order for it to be retained by the animal.
- magnesium alloy rod must be electrically coupled to a more electro-negative material to give the required corrosion rate.
- a steel end weight has been used, which is also carried by the magnesium alloy support rod and functions both as weight and as a cathode. In action, the magnesium rod corrodes progressively from the end remote from the weight, releasing the plastics segments and their contained tablets of drug at regular intervals.
- a disadvantage of this design is that the steel end weight is retained indefinitely by the animal and is undesirable in that it may eventually damage the animal and the machinery used to process the carcass.
- the present invention provides a pellet or bolus for administration to a ruminant by deposition in its rumeno-reticular sac characterised in that the pellet includes a magnesium alloy component and a degradable component including dispersed therein, a biologically active material and an electrically conductive material such that the degradable component as a whole is electrically conductive and is galvanically coupled to the magnesium alloy component.
- the electrically conductive material is preferably carbon powder or granules, graphite or plumbago powder. Alternatively granules or powder of any metal which is lower in the electro-chemical series than magnesium for example iron, copper, nickel or zinc can be used. Iron shot may additionally be included.in the component as a weighting material.
- the magnesium alloy component is a tube having a degradable core or filling including an electrically conductive material.
- the tube may be provided with a cap at one end and the degradable core or filling could be pre-formed as a plurality of discrete tablets.
- the magnesium alloy component is a rod which can have fins to aid cohesion around which is a cylinder of the degradable electrically conductive component.
- An active material for example an anthelmintic, antibiotic or other biologically active material may be dispersed within the electrically conductive component.
- a protective sheath of for example, a plastic or resin, may be provided partially around the pellet such that corrosion can only proceed on exposed surfaces.
- a further embodiment of the invention provides a pellet including a magnesium alloy tube, an electrica _ ly conductive core and an electrically conductive sheath surrounding the tube, the sheath preferably being a plastics material having an electrically conductive material, for example carbon, graphite, plumbago powder or metal granules or powder, dispersed therein.
- the core as a plurality of discrete tablets and the sheath as a plurality of annular segments wherein the tablets axial length correspond to the sheath segments axial length.
- the invention also provides a degradable component for use in the production of or incorporation in a pellet for administration to a ruminant by deposition in its rumeno-reticular sac characterised in that the degradable component includes a biologically active material and an electrically conductive material dispersed therein such that the component as a whole is electrically conductive and galvanically coupled to a magnesium alloy component.
- the preferred electrically conductive material for all the embodiments is carbon or graphite and preferably comprising from 1% to 40% by weight, ideally 4.5% for a core component containing a biologically active ingredient and weighting agent and 32% for a non weighted core.
- FIG. 1 A first constructional form of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 1.
- numeral 1 indicates a magnesium/aluminium alloy tube containing approximately 12% by weight of aluminium and 2% by weight of copper and 0.2% by weight manganese.
- the Manganese addition is made to control the iron content of the magnesium alloy and ensure that it is normally less than .04% by weight.
- the tube 1 is produced by a die casting process or alternatively by extrusion. In the former case the bore will be tapered to allow extraction of the core. If a constant rate of dissolution is required the taper may be removed by drilling. Alternatively the taper may be allowed to remain as shown in the embodiment of Fig. 2 and one end of the tube 1 closed with a plug 2 made of the same magnesium alloy as the tube.
- the linear corrosion rate of the tubular bolus will decrease with time resulting in decreased release rate of the contents.
- the tube 1 is first given a chromate surface conversion coating by dipping in an acid chromate solution.
- an epoxy resin coating 5 After washing and drying the tube is coated with an epoxy resin coating 5 and this is effected by dipping in liquid resin, the resin then being cured at room temperature or an elevated termperature. This resin coating step may be repeated several times to increase the coating thickness.
- the resin 5 normally coats both the outside and inside of the tube 1 and the end or ends must be blanked off before dipping if the interior is not to be coated with resin.
- the tube 1 is then placed in a tubular holder attached to one of the platens of a mechanical or hydraulic press and the filling mixture is pressed in to form the core 3 at a direct load of about 10 tonnes. This may be done in one or several stages.
- the exterior surface of the bolus is coated with thin layer of liquid urethane resin capable of being cured at room or slightly elevated temperature.
- the total thickness of the resultant protective coating 5 may, for example, be about 0.125mm but it may be, for instance, in the range from 0.05 to 0.25mm.
- any protective coating 5 Prior to use, any protective coating 5 must be removed from surfaces 4.
- a typical mixture used for filling the bolus of 8 x 2.5cm is set out below:-
- the total weight of a typical bolus for cattle is 100 gm with a density of 3.0.
- the life of the bolus is typically 3 to 8 months and may be controlled by varying the thickness of the magnesium alloy tube 1.
- Fig. 3 illustrates a variation in the construction of the bolus in which the cavity is filled with two types of graphite-loaded tablet A and B.
- Each tablet A for example, may be formulated from a mixture similar to that used in forming the core 3 for the embodiment of Figs.
- tablets B may, for example, contain no drug or another drug.
- the active arug may hence only be released in pulses with intervals of time in which no drug is available to the animal or in which an alternative drug is available. It will be appreciated that the device may be scaled down in size for use with sheep.
- the bolus of the invention may, if desired, incorporate a centre rod, and Fig. 4 shows one such arrangement.
- the bolus is constructed using a magnesium alloy rod like core 11 around which a cylinder 13 of active nixture is pressed. This mixture is weighted with iron powder or shot and contains graphite to make it electrically conductive, as well as the active drug and a water soluble agent e.g. sucrose to give it some solubility in rumen liquor.
- the exterior surface save for one or both ends of the bolus, are coated with a protective coating 12 of resin or acquer, e.g. epoxy, polyester, polyurethane, acrylic or synthetic rubber.
- the centre rod 11 serves to maintain and augment the integrity of the bolus as it dissolves and controls the erosion rate.
- Fig. 5 shows a more complex and effective form of centre rod 21 preferably made by extrusion and around which the active mixture 23 is pressed or formed, a protective coating 22 being provided thereover in the same way as in Fig. 4.
- the rod 21 incorporates radial fins 24 which help to retain the moulded-on mixture 23 and add mechanical strength to the bolus.
- a sixth embodiment of the bolus according to the invention comprises a plurality of tablets 31 each containing a biologically active ingredient, for example benzimidazole, and a proportion of an electrically conductive material for example carbon.
- the tablets do not contain any weighting material and comprise 40% benzimidazole, 28% sucrose and 32% graphite by weight.
- a mass of finely divided iron shot 32 is located within a plastic tube 33 which is formed containing about 40,c by weight of carbon powder.
- the mass 32 is preferably pre-formed in a pelleting die using iron shot mixed with a small quantity of a binding agent for example molasses, dextrine or sodium silicate is inserted into the tube 33 or the mass 32 can be pressed directly into the tube 33 under pressure.
- the plastic tube 33 supports at either end a respective magnesium alloy tube 34, 35 each of which contains one or more tablets 31.
- the magnesium tubes 34, 35 are protected against attack by rumen liquor by a number of close fitting, carbon loaded plastic tyres 36 disposed around the tubes' exposed surfaces.
- the tyres 36 axial lengths correspond with those of the tablets 31 and the tyres 36 abut each other closely thus providing a liquid tight seal.
- Corrosion of the tubes 34, 35 in the rumen proceeds from the exposed ends 37 of the tubes 34, 35 in a similar manner to the previously described embodiments.
- the magnesium alloy tubes 34, 35 provides an anode and the conductive tablets 31 and both the tyres 36 and tube 33 provide cathodes thus permitting galvanic corrosion.
- This type of bolus offers peculiar advantages in that it is easier to manufacture the drug containing tablets as they do not contain hard particles of iron. Further as the bolus degrades progressively at its ends the density increases which aids retention of the bolus within the rumen as the ease with which objects are regurgitated increases with decreasing size and density. It is hence possible to make such a bolus with a lower initial density and yet still be sure that the bolus will be retained by the animal for the boluses lifespan.
- Fig. 7 shows, in longitudinal section, a seventh embodiment of a continuous release device suitable for administration to cattle.
- This bolus comprises a magnesium alloy tube 41, for example about 8 cms Long and 2.5 cms in diamter.
- This tube 41 may be iiecast or extruded and is filled with an active nixture 42 similar to that used in the first and second embodiments described previously.
- the solid core 42 thus formed is electrically conductive and capable of being eroded by the rumen contents. It is relatively dense with a density of about 4.5 gm/ml.
- the exterior of the tube 41 is fitted with several tyre segments 43 moulded from a conductive carbon-filled plastics material such as polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride having carbon powder dispersed therein as previously described.
- the inLernal diameter of each of the tyre segments 43 is slightly smaller than the external diameter of the magnesium alloy tube 41 and results in an interference fit between the plastics tyre 43 and magnesium tube 41.
- the tyres are fitted in succession using a mechanical air-operated press, giving a tight liquid-proof fit at the joints 44 between the adjacent tyre segments 43.
- the overall density of the bolus is about 2.8 gm cc.
- the magnesium alloy tube 41 corrodes from both ends.
- the corrosion pattern is very uniform due to galvanic action and close proximity to the tube 41 of the conductive carbon-bearing cathodes both in the interior and at the exterior of the bolus.
- the corrosion rate may be controlled by varying the cross-sectional area of the magnesium tube 41. Additionally one end of the tube 41 may be closed by extending an end of the endmost segment 46 as indicated by dotted lines at 45. As corrosion of the bolus proceeds, the successive tyre segments 43 fall away, limiting any tendency for the open ends of the tube 41 to become blocked by the rumen contents.
- Fig. 8 illustrates an eighth preferred embodiment of the pellet or bolus according to the invention generally corresponding to the seventh embodiment which comprises a magnesium alloy tube 41 having an active mixture filling 42 including iron shot.
- the exterior of the tube 41 is sheathed by a plurality of the tyre-shaped segments 43 of a conductive plastics material such as polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride filled with conductive carbon, iron, copper, nicke or zinc in powder or particle form.
- a conductive plastics material such as polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride filled with conductive carbon, iron, copper, nicke or zinc in powder or particle form.
- These segments are an interference fit on the tube 41 being fitted successively using, for example, an air-operated mechanical press so that they abut in liquid-tight manner at their joints 44.
- Endmosi segment 46 may, if desired, embody an end closure disc as indicated at 45, to provide for the bolus, after administration, to be degraded from one end only.
- the filling 42 of the bolus comprises a succession of tablets which are indicated by the reference numeral 47, and which have been prepared or pre-formed away from the tube 41, and which have been introduced successively into the tube 41, if desired with the application of pressure.
- the axial lengths of the tablets 47 correspond to the axial lengths of the sheath segments 43, so that each time a segment 43 falls away as a result of degradation of that part of the tube 41 it surrounds, any residue of the corresponding tablet 47 also falls away to ensure that the next successive tablet is exposed. This feature is not, however, essential to the invention.
- This embodiment of the bolus has the advantage that it is easier to make the tablets away from the tube and introduce them into the tube (if desired or appropriate, compressing them therein) than it is to introduce a loose filling into the tube and then compress that to coherent form.
- the mixture can be converted into a much more compact state with less segregation of its components than occurs with the prior proposal, and the amount of the mixture used for filling the tube is much more accurately established.
- tablets of different compositions at different positions along the tube; for instance successive tablets may contain different active ingredients and/or different amounts of such ingredients, or the tablets may be graduated in density so as to achieve a density increase with diminution of the bolus by degradation, so as to ensure retention of the bolus in the dosed animal's rumen.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB868609385A GB8609385D0 (en) | 1986-04-17 | 1986-04-17 | Pallet |
GB8609385 | 1986-04-17 | ||
GB8612054 | 1986-05-17 | ||
GB868612054A GB8612054D0 (en) | 1986-05-17 | 1986-05-17 | Bolus |
GB8621039 | 1986-08-30 | ||
GB868621039A GB8621039D0 (en) | 1986-08-30 | 1986-08-30 | Bolus |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0243111A2 true EP0243111A2 (fr) | 1987-10-28 |
EP0243111A3 EP0243111A3 (fr) | 1989-06-07 |
Family
ID=27262994
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87303394A Withdrawn EP0243111A3 (fr) | 1986-04-17 | 1987-04-16 | Granulé pour l'administration aux ruminants |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4863455A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0243111A3 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU605482B2 (fr) |
NZ (1) | NZ220024A (fr) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5252561A (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1993-10-12 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation for the controlled release of active substances which are suitable as a therapeutics or for improving growth and feed utilization in ruminants |
WO1996001619A1 (fr) * | 1994-07-11 | 1996-01-25 | Castex Products Limited | Granules destines a etre administres a des ruminants |
WO1998056347A1 (fr) * | 1997-06-09 | 1998-12-17 | Castex Products Limited | Dispositif de liberation |
WO2006109053A2 (fr) * | 2005-04-12 | 2006-10-19 | Castex Products Limited | Dispositifs d'administration lente et elements structurels destines a la fabrication de ces dispositifs |
WO2010062191A1 (fr) * | 2008-11-25 | 2010-06-03 | Bomac Research Limited | Modèle amélioré de dose ingérable |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5922342A (en) * | 1990-10-01 | 1999-07-13 | Pharmacia & Upjohn Company | Lateral edge coated controlled release pharmaceutical compositions |
GB9023270D0 (en) * | 1990-10-25 | 1990-12-05 | Castex Prod | Magnesium manganese alloy |
CA2140298C (fr) * | 1994-01-14 | 1998-12-08 | Thomas L. Meade | Supplement alimentaire qui n'est pas degrade dans le rumen |
DE19731021A1 (de) * | 1997-07-18 | 1999-01-21 | Meyer Joerg | In vivo abbaubares metallisches Implantat |
US6217895B1 (en) * | 1999-03-22 | 2001-04-17 | Control Delivery Systems | Method for treating and/or preventing retinal diseases with sustained release corticosteroids |
US20040121014A1 (en) * | 1999-03-22 | 2004-06-24 | Control Delivery Systems, Inc. | Method for treating and/or preventing retinal diseases with sustained release corticosteroids |
US6375972B1 (en) * | 2000-04-26 | 2002-04-23 | Control Delivery Systems, Inc. | Sustained release drug delivery devices, methods of use, and methods of manufacturing thereof |
US8871241B2 (en) | 2002-05-07 | 2014-10-28 | Psivida Us, Inc. | Injectable sustained release delivery devices |
EP4037666B1 (fr) | 2020-12-08 | 2024-05-01 | Ruminant Biotech Corp Limited | Améliorations apportées à des dispositifs et des méthodes d'administration de substances aux animaux |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1102979A (en) * | 1964-11-30 | 1968-02-14 | Magnesium Elektron Ltd | Improvements in or relating to pellets for supplying biologically active substances to ruminants |
EP0140632A2 (fr) * | 1983-10-28 | 1985-05-08 | Castex Products Limited | Pilule pharmaceutique |
EP0164927A2 (fr) * | 1984-06-02 | 1985-12-18 | Castex Products Limited | Dispositifs de libération |
EP0205342A2 (fr) * | 1985-06-11 | 1986-12-17 | Pitman-Moore Limited | Systèmes pour libérer une substance active |
EP0240109A1 (fr) * | 1986-02-04 | 1987-10-07 | Castex Products Limited | Alliage magnésium-zinc-aluminium pour utilisations en médécine vétérinaire |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NZ207783A (en) * | 1983-04-22 | 1986-06-11 | Commw Scient Ind Res Org | A hinged magnesium capsule for administration to ruminants |
-
1987
- 1987-04-16 EP EP87303394A patent/EP0243111A3/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-04-16 AU AU71718/87A patent/AU605482B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-04-16 NZ NZ220024A patent/NZ220024A/xx unknown
- 1987-04-17 US US07/039,285 patent/US4863455A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1102979A (en) * | 1964-11-30 | 1968-02-14 | Magnesium Elektron Ltd | Improvements in or relating to pellets for supplying biologically active substances to ruminants |
EP0140632A2 (fr) * | 1983-10-28 | 1985-05-08 | Castex Products Limited | Pilule pharmaceutique |
EP0164927A2 (fr) * | 1984-06-02 | 1985-12-18 | Castex Products Limited | Dispositifs de libération |
EP0205342A2 (fr) * | 1985-06-11 | 1986-12-17 | Pitman-Moore Limited | Systèmes pour libérer une substance active |
EP0240109A1 (fr) * | 1986-02-04 | 1987-10-07 | Castex Products Limited | Alliage magnésium-zinc-aluminium pour utilisations en médécine vétérinaire |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5252561A (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1993-10-12 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation for the controlled release of active substances which are suitable as a therapeutics or for improving growth and feed utilization in ruminants |
WO1996001619A1 (fr) * | 1994-07-11 | 1996-01-25 | Castex Products Limited | Granules destines a etre administres a des ruminants |
WO1998056347A1 (fr) * | 1997-06-09 | 1998-12-17 | Castex Products Limited | Dispositif de liberation |
AU740551B2 (en) * | 1997-06-09 | 2001-11-08 | Castex Products Limited | Release devices |
WO2006109053A3 (fr) * | 2005-04-12 | 2007-01-11 | Castex Prod | Dispositifs d'administration lente et elements structurels destines a la fabrication de ces dispositifs |
GB2425259A (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2006-10-25 | Castex Prod | Controlled release devices and structural elements for use in their manufacture |
WO2006109053A2 (fr) * | 2005-04-12 | 2006-10-19 | Castex Products Limited | Dispositifs d'administration lente et elements structurels destines a la fabrication de ces dispositifs |
GB2425259B (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2008-09-24 | Castex Prod | Controlled release devices and structural elements for use in their manufacture |
AU2006235703B2 (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2011-06-23 | Castex Products Limited | Controlled release devices and structural elements for use in their manufacture |
WO2010062191A1 (fr) * | 2008-11-25 | 2010-06-03 | Bomac Research Limited | Modèle amélioré de dose ingérable |
EP2361055A1 (fr) * | 2008-11-25 | 2011-08-31 | Bomac Research Limited | Modèle amélioré de dose ingérable |
EP2361055A4 (fr) * | 2008-11-25 | 2013-12-18 | Bomac Research Ltd | Modèle amélioré de dose ingérable |
AU2009320501B2 (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2014-08-21 | Bayer New Zealand Limited | Improved bolus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU605482B2 (en) | 1991-01-17 |
EP0243111A3 (fr) | 1989-06-07 |
US4863455A (en) | 1989-09-05 |
AU7171887A (en) | 1987-10-22 |
NZ220024A (en) | 1989-05-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4863455A (en) | Pellet for administration to ruminants | |
AU644231B2 (en) | Magnesium-manganese alloy | |
US6030637A (en) | Pellet for administration to ruminants | |
US4578263A (en) | Pharmaceutical pellet | |
EP0097507B1 (fr) | Dispositif pour l'introduction de substances nutritives et/ou thérapeutiques dans le corps de ruminants | |
US4765837A (en) | Alloy and product made therefrom | |
AU600903B2 (en) | Agent delivery systems | |
EP1868566B1 (fr) | Dispositifs d'administration lente et elements structurels destines a la fabrication de ces dispositifs | |
FI64252C (fi) | Positiv elektrod foer blyackumulatorer | |
EP0333311B1 (fr) | Dispositif pour administrer des médicaments à des ruminants | |
EP0284258B1 (fr) | Bol | |
US6358447B1 (en) | Process for the production of a positive electrode for an alkaline primary element | |
AU618318B2 (en) | Intraruminal drug delivery device | |
GB2190291A (en) | Rumen bolus | |
CN116926367A (zh) | 高活性多元合金固态成形方法 | |
JP3931588B2 (ja) | アルカリ電池用正極合剤およびその製造方法ならびにアルカリ電池 | |
JPH0760678B2 (ja) | 有機電解質電池の製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB LI |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19890123 |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB LI |
|
D17P | Request for examination filed (deleted) | ||
R17P | Request for examination filed (corrected) |
Effective date: 19891103 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19901205 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: CASTEX PRODUCTS LIMITED |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19940614 |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: WHITEHEAD, DEREK JAMES |