EP0238099B1 - Method and apparatus for stamping sheet material - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for stamping sheet material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0238099B1 EP0238099B1 EP87104914A EP87104914A EP0238099B1 EP 0238099 B1 EP0238099 B1 EP 0238099B1 EP 87104914 A EP87104914 A EP 87104914A EP 87104914 A EP87104914 A EP 87104914A EP 0238099 B1 EP0238099 B1 EP 0238099B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- press ram
- support
- central
- active part
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B5/00—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups
- B30B5/02—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups wherein the pressing means is in the form of a flexible element, e.g. diaphragm, urged by fluid pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/10—Stamping using yieldable or resilient pads
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for stamping sheets, in particular extra-thin steel sheets of large dimensions which can be used for example in the automobile industry, or comprising shapes having relatively closed dihedral angles.
- a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device according to the preamble of claim 5 are known from "Professional technology of working metals in sheets, tubes, profiles", G. Cotant, published by Dunod, Paris, France, 1976 , page 200 to 203.
- the lower limit of the thicknesses is nevertheless limited by current stamping techniques, which do not allow the use, in the dimension of the body parts, of steel sheets whose thickness is less than 55/100 mm approximately, because of the tearing which appears in the areas subjected to stretching or of the creasing in the areas subjected to shrinking, of the sheet metal stamping.
- the stamping of large parts is usually done by drawing with double effect presses, mechanical or hydraulic.
- These devices essentially comprise a fixed matrix and two independent sliders, a central slider, called a plunger carrying a punch, and an external slider reserved for blank holding operations, that is to say sufficient support allowing by reaction the stretching under the punch. Movements are generally as follows: (1) rapid descent of the blank holder which maintains constant pressure on the sheet and thus prevents it from moving; (2) rapid descent of the punch until it comes into contact with the sheet, then (3) slow descent of the punch during the stamping phase, under actual drawing; and (4) rapid ascent of the central slide causing the blank holder in its ascent.
- this process does not prevent the formation of folds, the pressure gradients generated by the deformation of the elastomer decreasing as we approach the upper surface of the elastomer mass, especially for the production of angular shapes, the sheet being insufficiently held at its periphery due to the work on a single-effect press.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a technology making it possible to stamp metal sheets having angular volumes and in particular extra-thin steel sheets ( ⁇ 50/100 mm), in large series and under competitive economic conditions.
- high elastic limit steel sheets HLE is meant steels for which E> 350 MPa.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a process for stamping sheets of substantially constant thickness, on a double-acting press, according to claim 1.
- the invention is based on the principle of the equality of the surfaces of the initial flat sheet metal blank and the shaped blank strictly corresponds to the shape of the desired stamped part, increased by the excess peripheral surfaces shaped under blank holder, thus conditioning the maintenance of a substantially constant thickness of the sheet of equal stress.
- the invention also relates to a stamping device according to claim 5.
- the active part in relief of the external slide is carried by a movable element in translation independent of the external slide, which cooperates with a complementary shape provided in the support.
- the device of FIG. 1 in position before forming comprises the usual constituent elements of a double-acting press, and therefore only the part relating to the invention is shown.
- An external slider or blank holder 1 carrying a peripheral part 10 and a central slider 2 forming a punch are in the high position, while the sheet blank 7 to be formed is placed on a support 4 forming a matrix.
- the peripheral part 10 comprises in its corners active parts in relief 11 carried by elements or candles 30 movable in translation in corresponding housings formed in the blank holder 1.
- the active parts in relief 11 have an appropriate shape which corresponds to the surface excess in relation to the volume to be formed of the part which it is desired to produce, for example as illustrated in FIG. 11.
- the support 4 made of a hard material, for example metallic, forms the matrix and includes a peripheral part 31 in which recessed parts 32 are formed corresponding to the complementary shape of the active parts in relief 11 of the candles 30.
- the central part 33 of the support 4 constitutes the bottom of the matrix and has the shape of the finished part in its central zone.
- the peripheral part 10 of the outer slide 1 has on its outer edges shims 34 bearing on the peripheral part 31 of the support 4 so as to allow, although the sheet metal blank 7 is maintained, the displacement by sliding of the excess material in the cooperating parts 11, 32.
- the step in FIG. 1 constitutes the step of placing the sheet blank 7, the external slide of the blank holder 1 being raised as well as the mobile elements 30 and the central slide 2.
- Fig. 2 shows the step of bringing the blank holder into contact with the sheet 7, by lowering the outer slide 1 and the punch 2. During this step, the mobile elements 30 do not move and retract into the clamp. blank relative to their initial projecting position, so that the sheet is not stressed by any deformation and only undergoes the tightening operation controlled at its periphery by the blank holder.
- Fig. 3 illustrates a stage of active shaping of the part, in which there is a simultaneous descent and in relation to one another of the mobile elements 30 and of the punch 2 so as to gradually absorb the excess surface in certain areas of the part to be formed thanks to the active part 11 and its complementary part 32, while maintaining the sheet metal stretched over the punch by controlled sliding under the blank holder.
- the active part of the punch has reached the bottom of the die 33 and the movable elements 30 also have their active parts 11 which cooperate with the complementary parts 32 by enclosing the sheet 7 and thus having absorbed the excess surfaces of sheet relative to to the volume of the finished part to be formed, thus avoiding the formation of folds, shrinking or thinning at any point whatever the thickness of the sheet.
- the device shown in Figs. 5 to 9 illustrates a second variant of the method and the device according to the present invention in which the movement relative simulated and coordinated active parts in relief 11 of the peripheral slide 1 and the central slide 2 is obtained.
- the device of FIG. 5 in the position before forming comprises the usual constituent elements of a double-acting press which have already been described and bear the same references as above.
- the outer slider or blank holder 1 carries a peripheral part 10 forming a matrix which has in its angles an appropriate relief shape 11 formed integrally with the peripheral matrix 10 (this relief shape 11 corresponds to the surface area in excess of the volume to be form the part that you want to make, for example as illustrated in Fig. 11) and its active surface is carefully polished to allow the movement of excess material during forming; this active surface can also be treated to facilitate the sliding of the material.
- the central slide 2 carries a bottom of matrix 2a and is in the raised position, while the sheet blank 7 to be formed is placed in the center of a support 4 disposed in a container 3 (tray).
- a support 4 disposed in a container 3 (tray).
- the support made of an easily flowable elastic material plays the role of punch by deformation.
- the support 4 consists of an elastomer having a shore hardness less than 30 and preferably less than 10, a very important characteristic residing in the rapid return time of the material (preferably less than 1 second) to its initial shape.
- a natural rubber foam having a shore hardness of about 15 and having a very short deformation time of the order of 1 s.
- other conventional gels or foams preferably having great plasticity, for example silicone elastomers, or cellular foams, the cells of which can be filled with liquid.
- a composite support consisting of a substantially parallelepipedal mass based on a silicone elastomer having a shore hardness of 10 to 20, covered on its upper face and on all or part of its lateral faces with a relatively thin skin (for example 10 to 15 mm) and of a more resistant and harder material such as a shore hardness silicone 50 or teflon having favorable antifriction properties.
- Retractable members 5 inflatable candles or bladders protrude into the elastomer serving as a support 4, and their inserted volume represents approximately the expansion volume of the elastomer after forming.
- the support 4 is covered with a plastic sheet 8, for example of "Teflon", interposed between the sheet 7 and the elastomer, which can be optionally glued or welded to the elastomer and which has the main purpose to facilitate the sliding of the sheet during forming, but it can also serve to protect the elastomer as indicated in the preceding composite structure.
- a plastic sheet 8 for example of "Teflon”
- the support 4 includes conduits 6 allowing the circulation of a cooling fluid such as compressed air.
- a cooling fluid such as compressed air.
- provision may also be made embedded metal wires or a metal powder filler improving thermal conductivity.
- Fig. 6 shows the pre-forming step of the part.
- the blank-holding slide 1 is lowered carrying the peripheral matrix 10.
- the latter comes into contact with the sheet blank 7 which reacts by compressing the elastomer support 4.
- the elastomer under the effect of this action of peripheral compression acts by creep on the central zone of the sheet blank and causes its deformation.
- the swelling of the central part of the sheet blank is limited by the matrix bottom 2a fixed to the central slide 2 in order to avoid uncontrolled erratic deformations due to the anisotropy of the metal or to forms of asymmetrical parts.
- the descent of the blank holder slide 1 carrying the peripheral matrix 10 is limited by adjustable mechanical stops 12, 16 so that the deformation in its central part of the sheet blank gives a surface which is substantially equal to that of the finished part to be obtained.
- Fig. 7 represents the final shaping stage of the part.
- the central slide 2 carrying the bottom of the die 2a descends to its low position and causes the final forming of the central part of the sheet 7, preformed during the previous operation.
- Fig. 8 represents the step of decompression of the elastomer support 4 by withdrawal of the candles 5. This operation aims to avoid the deformation of the stamped part by expansion reaction of the elastomer.
- Fig. 9 represents the step of releasing the formed part 7, by simultaneous ascent of the two slides 1 and 2 carrying the dies.
- compressed air is circulated in the conduits 6.
- the support 4 can also be cooled during the previous decompression step ( Fig. 8).
- compressed air is sent through the conduits 9 to allow the part 7 to take off.
- the outer slider or blank holder 1 is of the type illustrated by the first variant, namely, it has active parts in relief 11 carried by elements movable in translation in housings formed in the blank holder 1.
- the mobile elements 30 descend simultaneously and in relation to the movement of the punch so as to obtain the same effect as that described for the first variant .
- Two sectional views along lines 12 and 13 show that the excess surfaces of material, during the forming of the corner 13, have been displaced towards the base 13a of the corner of the part in a manner corresponding to the relief shapes. 11 of the peripheral matrix 10. Subsequently an operation of trimming the part makes it possible to eliminate the undesirable edges 15 and to give it its final shape.
- this square 50 exists and represents excess material.
- the aim of the present invention is to avoid the formation of any excess thickness or thinning which would risk generating folds or tears, in particular in ultra-thin sheets having in particular deep angular volumes.
- the stamping die has at each of its angles a suitable shape in relief 11 which will form in hollow at the base of each of the angles of the part to obtain a progressive concave shape of surface equivalent to the excess of material , for example, the square 50 mentioned in the previous paragraph (forming a rectangular parallelepiped).
- the device according to the invention is adaptable to existing double-acting presses.
- the invention may prove to be particularly useful for the production of ultra-thin sheet steel of automobile body parts, of aircraft fuselage, etc .; but it can also be applied to the stamping of thicker sheets of various metals.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Control Of Presses (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
- Supplying Of Containers To The Packaging Station (AREA)
- Facsimile Transmission Control (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention a pour objet un procédé et un dispositif d'emboutissage de tôles, notamment de tôles d'acier extra-minces de grandes dimensions utilisables par exemple dans l'industrie automobile, ou comportant des formes présentant des angles de dièdre relativement fermés. Un procédé selon le préambule de la revendication 1 et un dispositif selon le préambule de la revendication 5 sont connus du "Technologie professionnelle du travail des métaux en feuilles, tubes, profilés", G. Cotant, publié par Dunod, Paris, France, 1976, page 200 à 203.The present invention relates to a method and a device for stamping sheets, in particular extra-thin steel sheets of large dimensions which can be used for example in the automobile industry, or comprising shapes having relatively closed dihedral angles. A method according to the preamble of
Le développement des calculs informatisés notamment chez les constructeurs automobiles dans le domaine de la conception des structures de carrosserie des véhicules, particulièrement par des méthodes d'analyse, telle que celle dite des "éléments finis" a permis de réduire de façon importante, le temps passé à la conception des pièces, tout en approchant au plus près le comportement sous contrainte de celles-ci. Il est donc théoriquement possible d'optimiser les formes et les épaisseurs des tôles en fonction du degré de sollicitation.The development of computerized calculations, particularly among car manufacturers in the field of vehicle body structure design, particularly by analysis methods, such as that known as "finite elements" has made it possible to significantly reduce the time spent designing the parts, while getting as close as possible to their behavior under stress. It is therefore theoretically possible to optimize the shapes and thicknesses of the sheets as a function of the degree of stress.
La limite inférieure des épaisseurs est néanmoins limitée par les techniques actuelles d'emboutissage, qui ne permettent pas d'utiliser, dans la dimension des pièces de carrosserie, des tôles d'acier dont l'épaisseur est inférieure à 55/100 mm environ, à cause du déchirement qui apparaît dans les zones soumises à un étirage ou du plissement dans les zones soumises à rétreint, de la tôle d'emboutissage.The lower limit of the thicknesses is nevertheless limited by current stamping techniques, which do not allow the use, in the dimension of the body parts, of steel sheets whose thickness is less than 55/100 mm approximately, because of the tearing which appears in the areas subjected to stretching or of the creasing in the areas subjected to shrinking, of the sheet metal stamping.
L'emboutissage des pièces de grandes dimensions se fait habituellement par étirage avec des presses à double effet, mécaniques ou hydrauliques. Ces appareils comportent essentiellement une matrice fixe et deux coulisseaux indépendants, un coulisseau central, appelé piston plongeur portant un poinçon, et un coulisseau extérieur réservé aux opérations de serre-flan, c'est-à-dire maintien suffisant permettant par réaction l'étirage sous le poinçon. Les mouvements sont généralement les suivants : (1) descente rapide du serre-flan qui maintient une pression constante sur la tôle et l'empêche ainsi de se déplacer ; (2) descente rapide du poinçon jusqu'à mise en contact avec la tôle, puis (3) descente lente du poinçon pendant la phase d'emboutissage, sous étirage proprement dit ; et (4) remontée rapide du coulisseau central entrainant le serre-flan dans son ascension.The stamping of large parts is usually done by drawing with double effect presses, mechanical or hydraulic. These devices essentially comprise a fixed matrix and two independent sliders, a central slider, called a plunger carrying a punch, and an external slider reserved for blank holding operations, that is to say sufficient support allowing by reaction the stretching under the punch. Movements are generally as follows: (1) rapid descent of the blank holder which maintains constant pressure on the sheet and thus prevents it from moving; (2) rapid descent of the punch until it comes into contact with the sheet, then (3) slow descent of the punch during the stamping phase, under actual drawing; and (4) rapid ascent of the central slide causing the blank holder in its ascent.
Ce procédé classique est illustré par le brevet FR-A-756.767 dans lequel l'ensemble de l'emboutissage se fait par étirage, donc diminution d'épaisseur de la tôle. Il apparaît que ce procédé classique ne permet pas l'emboutissage des tôles extra-minces (épaisseur < 50/100 de millimètres) car la rigidité de la matrice et du poinçon ainsi que le serrage de la tôle par le serre-flan généreraient des déformations non homogènes se traduisant dans certaines zones par des allongements susceptibles de provoquer un amincissement excessif compte tenu de la faible épaisseur initiale de la tôle et dans d'autres zones par des rétreints tendant à provoquer un épaississement de la tôle, qui conduisent en pratique à la formation de plis du fait de sa faible résistance au flambage (résistance évoluant en fonction du carré des épaisseurs). De plus, les variations de contraintes localisées dues à la forme de la pièce et aux tolérances de réalisation des outillages occasionnent des déchirures. Pour remédier au problème de la formation des plis, le brevet français ci-dessus propose ainsi des moyens logés dans le serre-flan qui assurent en eux-mêmes, un étirage supplémentaire de la tôle dans les zones ou son étirage est insuffisant par rapport à celui exercé par le poinçon dans les autres zones.This classic process is illustrated by patent FR-A-756,767 in which all of the stamping is done by stretching, thus reducing the thickness of the sheet. It appears that this conventional process does not allow stamping of extra-thin sheets (thickness <50/100 of millimeters) because the rigidity of the die and the punch as well as the tightening of the sheet by the blank holder would generate deformations non-homogeneous resulting in certain areas by elongations likely to cause excessive thinning given the small initial thickness of the sheet and in other areas by shrinking tending to cause thickening of the sheet, which lead in practice to the formation of folds due to its low buckling resistance (resistance evolving as a function of the square of thicknesses). In addition, variations in localized stresses due to the shape of the part and the tolerances in the production of the tools cause tears. To remedy the problem of the formation of folds, the above French patent thus proposes means housed in the blank holder which ensure in themselves, an additional drawing of the sheet in the areas where its drawing is insufficient compared to that exerted by the punch in the other zones.
Ces difficultés sont également rencontrées lors de la réalisation de volumes anguleux pour des tôles relativement plus épaisses et bien évidemment aggravées pour des tôles extra-minces.These difficulties are also encountered when producing angular volumes for relatively thicker sheets and obviously aggravated for extra-thin sheets.
On connaît également un procédé dit "procédé Guerrin" selon lequel on forme au moyen d'un poinçon une feuille de tôle reposant sur une masse d'élastomère ayant une dureté shore élevée d'environ 90 compte tenu du fait qu'il faut, pour obtenir une précision dans l'obtention de la pièce, assurer le plaquage du flan de tôle sur le poinçon. Cependant, ce procédé a pour principal inconvénient de consommer une énergie importante. En effet, à l'énergie nécessaire au formage du flan de tôle, s'ajoute celle nécessaire à la formation de l'empreinte correspondant à la forme de la pièce dans la masse d'élastomère plus les frottements de celui-ci sur toute la surface de la pièce pendant l'opération de formage.There is also known a process called the "Guerrin process" according to which a sheet of sheet metal resting on a mass of elastomer having a high shore hardness of about 90 is formed by means of a punch, taking into account that obtain a precision in obtaining the part, ensure the plating of the sheet metal blank on the punch. However, the main drawback of this method is that it consumes significant energy. In fact, to the energy necessary for the forming of the sheet blank, is added that necessary for the formation of the imprint corresponding to the shape of the part in the mass of elastomer plus the friction of the latter over the entire workpiece surface during the forming operation.
Ceci exclut la possibilité de réalisations de pièces de grandes dimensions obtenues par ce procédé sur les presses existantes.This excludes the possibility of realizing large parts obtained by this process on existing presses.
De plus, ce procédé n'évite pas la formation de plis, les gradients de pressions générés par la déformation de l'élastomère diminuant au fur et à mesure que l'on approche de la surface supérieure de la masse d'élastomère, surtout pour la réalisation de formes anguleuses, la tôle étant insuffisamment tenue à sa périphérie en raison du travail sur presse simple effet.In addition, this process does not prevent the formation of folds, the pressure gradients generated by the deformation of the elastomer decreasing as we approach the upper surface of the elastomer mass, especially for the production of angular shapes, the sheet being insufficiently held at its periphery due to the work on a single-effect press.
Enfin, on connaît un procédé de formage utilisant un fluide sous pression pour former des formes simples du type hémisphérique. Cependant cette technique n'est pas utilisable pour des formes compliquées car il est alors nécessaire de plaquer la tôle contre la matrice, ce qui ne peut être obtenu par cette technique.Finally, a forming process is known using a pressurized fluid to form simple shapes of the hemispherical type. However, this technique cannot be used for complicated shapes because it is then necessary to press the sheet against the matrix, which cannot be obtained by this technique.
C'est pourquoi, malgré les récents progrès importants des caractéristiques mécaniques des tôles d'acier à haute limite élastique, il n'a pas été possible de fabriquer des pièces de carrosserie ou autres en tôle extra-mince.This is why, in spite of recent significant progress in the mechanical characteristics of steel sheets with high elastic limit, it has not been possible to manufacture bodywork or other parts from extra-thin sheet metal.
Le but de l'invention est donc de fournir une technologie permettant d'emboutir des feuilles métalliques présentant des volumes anguleux et notamment des tôles d'acier extra-minces (< 50/100 mm), en grande série et dans des conditions économiques compétitives. Par tôles d'acier à haute limite élastique (HLE), on entend des aciers pour lesquels E > 350 MPa.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a technology making it possible to stamp metal sheets having angular volumes and in particular extra-thin steel sheets (<50/100 mm), in large series and under competitive economic conditions. . By high elastic limit steel sheets (HLE) is meant steels for which E> 350 MPa.
L'invention a donc pour objet un procédé d'emboutissage de tôles à épaisseur sensiblement constante, sur une presse à double effet, selon la revendication 1.The subject of the invention is therefore a process for stamping sheets of substantially constant thickness, on a double-acting press, according to
Ainsi l'invention repose sur le principe de l'égalité des surfaces du flan de tôle plane initiale et l'ébauche conformée correspond rigoureusement à la forme de la pièce emboutie désirée, augmentée des surfaces périphériques excédentaires conformées sous serre-flan, conditionnant ainsi le maintien à épaisseur sensiblement constante de la tôle d'égalité des contraintes.Thus, the invention is based on the principle of the equality of the surfaces of the initial flat sheet metal blank and the shaped blank strictly corresponds to the shape of the desired stamped part, increased by the excess peripheral surfaces shaped under blank holder, thus conditioning the maintenance of a substantially constant thickness of the sheet of equal stress.
L'invention a également pour objet un dispositif d'emboutissage selon la revendication 5.The invention also relates to a stamping device according to
La partie active en relief du coulisseau extérieur est portée par un élément mobile en translation indépendant du coulisseau extérieur, qui coopère avec une forme complémentaire ménagée dans le support.The active part in relief of the external slide is carried by a movable element in translation independent of the external slide, which cooperates with a complementary shape provided in the support.
L'invention est exposée ci-après plus en détail à l'aide des dessins annexés, qui en représentent un mode de réalisation sur ces dessins :
- les Fig. 1 à 10 sont des vues schématiques en coupe de trois variantes du dispositif d'emboutissage selon l'invention, au cours des étapes successives du formage d'une pièce;
- la Fig. 11 est une vue en perspective d'une pièce parallèlépipède formée selon l'invention; et
- les Fig. 12 et 13 en sont deux vues partielles en coupe de la pièce de la Fig. 11.
- les Fig. 14 et 15 sont deux vues schématiques montrant respectivement une feuille rectangulaire plane et une pièce parallèlépipède formée de manière classique par pliage.
- Figs. 1 to 10 are schematic sectional views of three variants of the stamping device according to the invention, during the successive stages of the forming of a part;
- Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a parallelepiped part formed according to the invention; and
- Figs. 12 and 13 are two partial sectional views of the part of FIG. 11.
- Figs. 14 and 15 are two schematic views respectively showing a rectangular sheet plane and a parallelepiped part formed in a conventional manner by folding.
Selon une première variante représentée aux Fig. 1 à 4, le dispositif de la Fig. 1 en position avant formage, comprend les éléments constitutifs habituels d'une presse à double effet, et par conséquent seule la partie relative à l'invention est représentée.According to a first variant shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the device of FIG. 1 in position before forming, comprises the usual constituent elements of a double-acting press, and therefore only the part relating to the invention is shown.
Un coulisseau extérieur ou serre-flan 1 portant une partie périphérique 10 et un coulisseau central 2 formant poinçon sont en position haute, tandis que le flan de tôle 7 à former est posé sur un support 4 formant matrice. La partie périphérique 10 comporte dans ses angles des parties actives en relief 11 portées par éléments ou chandelles 30 mobiles en translation dans des logements correspondants ménagés dans le serre-flan 1. Les parties actives en relief 11 ont une forme appropriée qui correspond à la surface excédentaire par rapport au volume à former de la pièce que l'on désire réaliser, par exemple telle qu'illustrée à la Fig. 11.An external slider or
Le support 4 en un matériau dur, par exemple métallique, forme la matrice et comporte une partie périphérique 31 dans laquelle sont ménagées des parties en creux 32 correspondant à la forme complémentaire des parties actives en relief 11 des chandelles 30. La partie centrale 33 du support 4 constitue le fond de matrice et présente la forme de la pièce finie dans sa zone centrale.The
La partie périphérique 10 du coulisseau extérieur 1 comporte sur ses bords extérieurs des cales d'épaisseur 34 prenant appui sur la partie périphérique 31 du support 4 de façon à permettre, bien que le flan de tôle 7 soit maintenu, le déplacement par glissement de l'excès de matière dans les parties coopérantes 11, 32.The
L'étape de la Fig. 1 constitue l'étape de mise en place du flan de tôle 7, le coulisseau extérieur du serre-flan 1 étant relevé ainsi que les éléments mobiles 30 et le coulisseau central 2.The step in FIG. 1 constitutes the step of placing the sheet blank 7, the external slide of the
La Fig. 2 représente l'étape de mise en contact du serre-flan avec la tôle 7, par descente du coulisseau extérieur 1 et du poinçon 2. Au cours de cette étape, les éléments mobiles 30 ne bougent pas et s'escamotent dans le serre-flan par rapport à leur position initiale en saillie, de sorte que la tôle n'est sollicitée par aucune déformation et ne subit que l'opération de serrage contrôlé à sa périphérie par le serre-flan.Fig. 2 shows the step of bringing the blank holder into contact with the
La Fig. 3 illustre un stade de conformation active de la pièce, dans lequel on observe une descente simultanée et en relation l'un avec l'autre des éléments mobiles 30 et du poinçon 2 de façon à absorber progressivement l'excès de surface dans certaines zones de la pièce à former grâce à la partie active 11 et sa partie complémentaire 32, tout en maintenant la tôle tendue sur le poinçon par glissement contrôlé sous le serre-flan.Fig. 3 illustrates a stage of active shaping of the part, in which there is a simultaneous descent and in relation to one another of the
Au stade de la Fig. 4, la partie active du poinçon est parvenue au fond de la matrice 33 et les éléments mobiles 30 ont également leurs parties actives 11 qui coopèrent avec les parties complémentaires 32 en enserrant la tôle 7 et en ayant ainsi absorbé les surfaces excédentaires de tôle par rapport au volume de la pièce finie à former, évitant ainsi la formation de plis, de rétreints ou d'amincissements en quelque point que ce soit de l'épaisseur de la tôle.At the stage of FIG. 4, the active part of the punch has reached the bottom of the
Le dispositif représenté aux Fig. 5 à 9 illustre une seconde variante du procédé et du dispositif selon la présente invention dans lequel le mouvement relatif simulané et coordonné des parties actives en relief 11 du coulisseau périphérique 1 et du coulisseau central 2 est obtenu.The device shown in Figs. 5 to 9 illustrates a second variant of the method and the device according to the present invention in which the movement relative simulated and coordinated active parts in
Le dispositif de la Fig. 5 en position avant formage, comprend les éléments constitutifs habituels d'une presse à double effet qui ont déjà été décrits et portent les mêmes références que précédemment. Le coulisseau extérieur ou serre-flan 1 porte une partie périphérique 10 formant matrice qui présente dans ses angles une forme appropriée en relief 11 venue de matière avec la matrice périphérique 10 (cette forme en relief 11 correspond à la surface excédentaire par rapport au volume à former de la pièce que l'on désire réaliser, par exemple telle qu'illustrée à la Fig. 11) et sa surface active est soigneusement polie afin de permettre le déplacement de l'excès de matière lors du formage; cette surface active peut aussi être traitée pour faciliter le glissement de la matière.The device of FIG. 5 in the position before forming, comprises the usual constituent elements of a double-acting press which have already been described and bear the same references as above. The outer slider or
Le coulisseau central 2 porte un fond de matrice 2a et se trouve en position relevée, tandis que le flan de tôle 7 à former est posé au centre d'un support 4 disposé dans un conteneur 3 (plateau). Dans ce cas il convient de noter une inversion des rôles matrice-poinçon qui apparaîtra dans la description ci-après de ce mode de réalisation. En effet le support en une matière élastique facilement fluable joue par déformation le rôle de poinçon.The
Le support 4 est constitué par un élastomère ayant une dureté shore inférieure à 30 et de préférence inférieure à 10, une caractéristique très importante résidant dans le temps de retour rapide du matériau (de préférence inférieur à 1 seconde) à sa forme initiale. On peut, par exemple, utiliser une mousse de caoutchouc naturel ayant une dureté shore d'environ 15 et ayant un temps de déformation très court de l'ordre de 1 s. Il est aussi possible d'utiliser d'autres gels ou mousses classiques ayant de préférence une grande plasticité, par exemple des élastomères de silicone, ou des mousses alvéolaires dont les alvéoles peuvent être remplis de liquide.The
On peut également utiliser un support composite constitué d'une masse sensiblement parallèlépipèdique à base d'un élastomère de silicone ayant une dureté shore de 10 à 20, recourvert sur sa face supérieure et sur sa totalité ou une partie de ses faces latérales d'une peau relativement mince (par exemple de 10 à 15 mm) et d'un matériau plus résistant et plus dur tel q'une silicone de dureté shore 50 ou du téflon ayant des propriétés antifriction favorables.It is also possible to use a composite support consisting of a substantially parallelepipedal mass based on a silicone elastomer having a shore hardness of 10 to 20, covered on its upper face and on all or part of its lateral faces with a relatively thin skin (for example 10 to 15 mm) and of a more resistant and harder material such as a
Des organes rétractables 5 (chandelles ou vessies glonflables) font saillie dans l'élastomère servant de support 4, et leur volume inséré représente approximativement le volume de détente de l'élastomère après le formage.Retractable members 5 (inflatable candles or bladders) protrude into the elastomer serving as a
Le support 4 est recouvert d'une feuille de matière plastique 8, par exemple de "Teflon", interposée entre la tôle 7 et l'élastomère, qui peut être le cas échéant collée ou soudée à l'élastomère et qui a pour but principal de faciliter le glissement de la tôle lors du formage, mais elle peut de plus servir à la protection de l'élastomère comme indiqué dans la structure composite précédente.The
Le support 4 comporte des conduits 6 permettant la circulation d'un fluide de refroidissement tel que l'air comprimé. D'autres conduits 9, notamment lorsque de l'air comprimé est utilisé, peuvent servir au décollage de la pièce finie. Pour le refroidissement de la masse de support 4, on peut également prévoir des fils métalliques noyés ou une charge en poudre métallique améliorant la conductibilité thermique.The
La Fig. 6 représente l'étape de pré-formage de la pièce. On fait descendre le coulisseau serre-flan 1 portant la matrice périphérique 10. Celle-ci entre en contact avec le flan de tôle 7 qui comprime par réaction le support d'élastomère 4. L'élastomère, sous l'effet de cette action de compression périphérique agit par fluage sur la zone centrale du flan de tôle et provoque sa déformation.Fig. 6 shows the pre-forming step of the part. The blank-holding
Le gonflement de la partie centrale du flan de tôle est limité par le fond de matrice 2a fixé au coulisseau central 2 afin d'éviter les déformations erratiques incontrôlées dues à l'anisotropie du métal ou à des formes de pièces dissymétriques. Selon une des caractéristiques de l'invention, la descente du coulisseau serre-flan 1 portant la matrice périphérique 10 est limitée par des butées mécaniques réglables 12, 16 de façon telle que la déformation dans sa partie centrale du flan de tôle donne une surface sensiblement égale à celle de la pièce finie à obtenir.The swelling of the central part of the sheet blank is limited by the
La Fig. 7 représente l'étape de conformation finale de la pièce. Le coulisseau central 2 portant le fond de matrice 2a descend à sa position basse et provoque le formage final de la partie centrale de la tôle 7, préformée au cours de l'opération précédente.Fig. 7 represents the final shaping stage of the part. The
Les contraintes de compression dues à l'appui du fond de matrice 2a sur le sommet de la tôle se transforment par l'action de l'élastomère 4, agissant sur la face opposée de la tôle, en contraintes de traction exercées sur toute sur la surface de la tôle non compensée par la présence du fond de matrice 2a et, provoquent le déplacement de cette tôle dans tout le volume disponible.The compression stresses due to the support of the bottom of the
Ces contraintes (compression, traction) tendent ainsi à s'annuler (au rendement près de l'élastomère) permettant ainsi la réalisation finale de la pièce avec un minimum de variation d'épaisseur. Ces conditions sont nécessaires dans le cas particulier du formage des tôles extra-minces.These stresses (compression, traction) thus tend to cancel each other (at yield near the elastomer) thus allowing the final production of the part with a minimum variation in thickness. These conditions are necessary in the particular case of forming extra-thin sheets.
La Fig. 8 représente l'étape de décompression du support d'élastomère 4 par retrait des chandelles 5. Cette opération a pour but d'éviter la déformation de la pièce emboutie par réaction de détente de l'élastomère.Fig. 8 represents the step of decompression of the
La Fig. 9 représente l'étape de libération de la pièce formée 7, par remontée simultanée des deux coulisseaux 1 et 2 portant les matrices. Pour limiter l'échauffement du support d'élastomère 4, notamment lors du travail en série, on fait circuler de l'air comprimé dans les conduits 6. Le refroidissement du support 4 peut aussi être effectué lors de l'étape précédente de décompression (Fig. 8). Par ailleurs, de l'air comprimé est envoyé par les conduits 9 pour permettre le décollage de la pièce 7.Fig. 9 represents the step of releasing the formed
Selon une variante mixte représentée à la Fig. 10 le coulisseau extérieur ou serre-flan 1 est du type illustré par la première variante, à savoir, il comporte des parties actives en relief 11 portées par des éléments mobiles en translation dans des logements ménagés dans le serre-flan 1.According to a mixed variant shown in FIG. 10 the outer slider or
En regard de ces parties mobiles 11, sont ménagés des alvéoles 40 remplis d'un matériau élastomère 41 relativement dur dans lequel viendra se former l'empreinte complémentaire des parties actives en relief 11 agissant au travers de la tôle 7 qui gardera ainsi dans les angles la forme correspondant à la surface excédentaire de la tôle par rapport au volume à former.Opposite these moving
Lors du formage de la partie centrale du flan de tôle sous l'effet du coulisseau central 2 formant poinçon, les éléments mobiles 30 descendent simultanément et en relation avec le mouvement du poinçon de façon à obtenir le même effet que celui décrit pour la première variante.During the forming of the central part of the sheet blank under the effect of the
La Fig. 11 représente un exemple de réalisation selon l'invention d'une pièce en tôle d'acier HLE E=60 kg/mm² de 40/100 mm, ayant sensiblement la forme d'un parallèlépipède rectangle de 1,5 m² de surface. Deux vues en coupe selon les lignes 12 et 13 permettent de voir que les surfaces excédentes de matière, lors du formage du coin 13, ont été déplacées vers la base 13a de l'angle de la pièce d'une manière correspondante aux formes en relief 11 de la matrice périphérique 10. Par la suite une opération de détourage de la pièce permet d'éliminer les bords indésirables 15 et de lui donner sa forme définitive.Fig. 11 shows an exemplary embodiment according to the invention of a piece of sheet steel HLE E = 60 kg / mm² of 40/100 mm, having substantially the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped of 1.5 m² in area. Two sectional views along
En effet on peut réaliser un parallèlépipède rectangle (tel que représenté à la Fig. 11) en partant d'une feuille rectangulaire plane (représentée à la Fig. 14) par pliage (Fig. 15) à la condition de découper un carré 50 à chaque angle de la feuille.Indeed, we can make a rectangular parallelepiped (as shown in Fig. 11) starting from a flat rectangular sheet (shown in Fig. 14) by folding (Fig. 15) on the condition of cutting a square 50 to each corner of the sheet.
Mais, pour réaliser cette pièce en emboutissage, ce carré 50 existe et représente de la matière en excédent. Or le but visé par la présente invention est d'éviter la formation de toute surépaisseur ou amincissement qui risquerait de générer des plis ou des déchirures notamment dans les tôles ultra-minces présentant en particulier des volumes anguleux profonds.However, to produce this part by stamping, this square 50 exists and represents excess material. However, the aim of the present invention is to avoid the formation of any excess thickness or thinning which would risk generating folds or tears, in particular in ultra-thin sheets having in particular deep angular volumes.
La technique de réalisation des angles d'un volume embouti décrite ci-dessus constitue une solution à ce problème.The technique of making the angles of a stamped volume described above is a solution to this problem.
En effet, la matrice d'emboutissage possède à chacun de ses angles une forme appropriée en relief 11 qui va former en creux à la base de chacun des angles de la pièce à obtenir une forme concave progressive de surface équivalente à l'excédent de matière, par exemple, le carré 50 mentionné au paragraphe précédent (formage d'un parallèlépipède rectangle).Indeed, the stamping die has at each of its angles a suitable shape in
Les contraintes de compression dues à l'excédent de matière généré par la forme de la pièce se trouve donc compensées par des contraintes de traction équivalentes générées par la forme de l'outil (absorption de l'excédent de matière).The compression stresses due to the excess material generated by the shape of the part is therefore compensated by equivalent tensile stresses generated by the shape of the tool (absorption of the excess material).
Le procédé selon l'invention permet ainsi :
- de limiter au maximum l'amincissement du flan de tôle malgré sa faible épaisseur initiale;
- d'éviter les concentrations de contraintes; et
- de réaliser le formage des angles sans formation de plis.
- limit as much as possible the thinning of the sheet blank despite its initial low thickness;
- avoid stress concentrations; and
- to form the angles without forming folds.
De plus, le dispositif selon l'invention est adaptable sur les presses à double effet existantes.In addition, the device according to the invention is adaptable to existing double-acting presses.
L'invention peut s'avérer particulièrement utile pour la réalisation en tôle d'acier ultra-mince de pièces de carrosserie d'automobiles, de fuselage d'avions, etc ; mais elle peut aussi s'appliquer à l'emboutissage de feuilles plus épaisses de divers métaux.The invention may prove to be particularly useful for the production of ultra-thin sheet steel of automobile body parts, of aircraft fuselage, etc .; but it can also be applied to the stamping of thicker sheets of various metals.
En outre on peut noter, dans le cas du mode de réalisation de l'emboutissage sur coussin d'élastomère, que l'état de surface de la face de la tôle en contact avec l'élastomère est intégralement conservé, de sorte qu'il est envisageable de former des tôles préalablement revêtues sans blesser la pellicule de revêtement superficiel lors de l'emboutissage, même s'il s'agit d'une pellicule de peinture, de colle ou de tout autre revêtement organique.In addition, it can be noted, in the case of the embodiment of the stamping on an elastomer cushion, that the surface condition of the face of the sheet in contact with the elastomer is fully preserved, so that it is possible to form sheets previously coated without injuring the surface coating film during stamping, even if it is a film of paint, glue or any other organic coating.
Claims (10)
- A method for stamping sheets with a substantially constant thickness on a double action press, according to which the sheet to be shaped is disposed on a support (4), a first outer press ram or blank holder (1) is applied to the peripheral portion of the sheet (7), then a second central press ram (2) is applied to the central portion of the sheet, and the peripheral portion of this sheet is shaped by allowing it to slide under the blank holder by means of at least one active part (11) of the outer press ram, characterized in that one compensates in some zones of the finished part the excess surfaces having the same thickness of the original sheet, in relation to the space to be shaped increased by the excess peripheral surfaces shaped under the blank holder, and simultaneously one displaces the central press ram (2) to shape the angular spaces of the central portion by applying the sheet against the surfaces of the central portion (33) of the support (4).
- A method according to claim 1, characterized in that provision is made for anti-friction means on the active portion of the outer press ram (1) and on the support (4).
- A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the support (4) comprises a resilient material in a peripheral zone corresponding to the active part (11) of the outer press ram (1) and extending at least in a zone directly adjacent to the central press ram.
- A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the resilient material has a Shore hardness, preferably comprised between 70 and 100.
- A stamping apparatus of the type comprising a support (4) whereon the sheet (7) to be shaped is placed, a first outer press ram or blank holder (1) and a second central press ram (2), the first outer press ram (1) comprising at least one active part (11) in relief, characterized in that the shape of the active part (11) makes it possible to displace the excess surfaces of material, which corresponds to the excess surface, with a substantially constant thickness, of the sheet in relation to the surface of the space to be shaped, this active part cooperating with a complementary shape (32, 41) arranged in the support (4) and acting in relation to the action of the central press ram (2).
- An apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the active part in relief of the outer press ram is carried by an element (30) that is movable in translation and independent of the outer press ram (1).
- An apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the support (4) and the active part of the press ram have anti-friction properties.
- An apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that provision is made for means (9) for separating the finished part from the support (4).
- An apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the support (4) comprises a resilient material in a peripheral zone corresponding to the active part (11) of the outer press ram (1) and extending in a zone directly adjacent to the central press ram.
- An apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the support material has a Shore hardness preferably comprised between 70 and 100.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT87104914T ATE67941T1 (en) | 1984-05-17 | 1985-05-14 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR STAMPING A METAL PLATE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8407678 | 1984-05-17 | ||
FR8407678A FR2564339B1 (en) | 1984-05-17 | 1984-05-17 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR STAMPING SHEETS. |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP85400946.1 Division | 1985-05-14 |
Publications (3)
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EP0238099A2 EP0238099A2 (en) | 1987-09-23 |
EP0238099A3 EP0238099A3 (en) | 1989-08-09 |
EP0238099B1 true EP0238099B1 (en) | 1991-10-02 |
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EP85400946A Expired - Lifetime EP0165133B1 (en) | 1984-05-17 | 1985-05-14 | Method and apparatus for stamping sheet metal |
EP87104914A Expired - Lifetime EP0238099B1 (en) | 1984-05-17 | 1985-05-14 | Method and apparatus for stamping sheet material |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP85400946A Expired - Lifetime EP0165133B1 (en) | 1984-05-17 | 1985-05-14 | Method and apparatus for stamping sheet metal |
Country Status (13)
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US (1) | US4833903A (en) |
EP (2) | EP0165133B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JPS6138721A (en) |
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AT (2) | ATE102510T1 (en) |
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BR (2) | BR8502328A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1296581C (en) |
DE (2) | DE3587770T2 (en) |
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FR (1) | FR2564339B1 (en) |
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SU710730A1 (en) * | 1978-06-27 | 1980-01-25 | Дагестанский Политехнический Институт | Die set with liquid-filled female die for hydraulic-mechanical drawing |
SU912341A1 (en) * | 1980-07-01 | 1982-03-15 | Предприятие П/Я М-5671 | Clamping device to apparatus for hydromechanical drawing |
JPS58181432A (en) * | 1982-04-19 | 1983-10-24 | Mazda Motor Corp | Press forming device |
JPS5976627A (en) * | 1982-10-25 | 1984-05-01 | Kanagata Kogyo Kk | Hold-down device in press die |
JPS59159227A (en) * | 1983-02-28 | 1984-09-08 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Drawing device |
JPS59206120A (en) * | 1983-05-07 | 1984-11-21 | Toyota Motor Corp | Method and device for forming drawing press |
JPS60133933A (en) * | 1983-12-21 | 1985-07-17 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Press forming method |
JPS60148628A (en) * | 1984-01-13 | 1985-08-05 | Toyota Motor Corp | Drawing press die of square cylinder vessel |
-
1984
- 1984-05-17 FR FR8407678A patent/FR2564339B1/en not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-05-14 DE DE3587770T patent/DE3587770T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-05-14 AT AT85400946T patent/ATE102510T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-05-14 DE DE8787104914T patent/DE3584291D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-05-14 AT AT87104914T patent/ATE67941T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-05-14 ZA ZA853618A patent/ZA853618B/en unknown
- 1985-05-14 EP EP85400946A patent/EP0165133B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-05-14 EP EP87104914A patent/EP0238099B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-05-16 CA CA000481656A patent/CA1296581C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-05-16 KR KR1019850003366A patent/KR930004864B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-05-16 MX MX205313A patent/MX163280B/en unknown
- 1985-05-16 BR BR8502328A patent/BR8502328A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-05-17 AU AU42608/85A patent/AU581659B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1985-05-17 JP JP10575685A patent/JPS6138721A/en active Granted
- 1985-05-17 ES ES543907A patent/ES8701546A1/en not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-08-01 ES ES557038A patent/ES8704769A1/en not_active Expired
-
1987
- 1987-10-19 BR BR8705581A patent/BR8705581A/en unknown
- 1987-10-28 US US07/113,470 patent/US4833903A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-11-24 JP JP1306371A patent/JPH02165822A/en active Granted
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
"Technologie professionnelle du travail des métaux en feuilles, tubes, profilés", G. Cotant, pub. Dunod, Paris, France, 1976, pages 200 - 203 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES8701546A1 (en) | 1986-12-16 |
ES8704769A1 (en) | 1987-05-01 |
AU581659B2 (en) | 1989-03-02 |
CA1296581C (en) | 1992-03-03 |
MX163280B (en) | 1992-03-31 |
DE3587770D1 (en) | 1994-04-14 |
EP0165133A1 (en) | 1985-12-18 |
AU4260885A (en) | 1985-11-21 |
ATE102510T1 (en) | 1994-03-15 |
BR8705581A (en) | 1990-05-01 |
FR2564339A1 (en) | 1985-11-22 |
EP0238099A2 (en) | 1987-09-23 |
JPH02165822A (en) | 1990-06-26 |
BR8502328A (en) | 1986-01-21 |
JPH0224610B2 (en) | 1990-05-30 |
US4833903A (en) | 1989-05-30 |
EP0165133B1 (en) | 1994-03-09 |
DE3587770T2 (en) | 1994-10-27 |
KR930004864B1 (en) | 1993-06-09 |
ES543907A0 (en) | 1986-12-16 |
JPS6138721A (en) | 1986-02-24 |
JPH0536133B2 (en) | 1993-05-28 |
DE3584291D1 (en) | 1991-11-07 |
FR2564339B1 (en) | 1987-12-24 |
ES557038A0 (en) | 1987-05-01 |
ZA853618B (en) | 1985-12-24 |
KR850008115A (en) | 1985-12-13 |
ATE67941T1 (en) | 1991-10-15 |
EP0238099A3 (en) | 1989-08-09 |
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