EP0221794B1 - Malleable modular car armour - Google Patents

Malleable modular car armour Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0221794B1
EP0221794B1 EP19860402106 EP86402106A EP0221794B1 EP 0221794 B1 EP0221794 B1 EP 0221794B1 EP 19860402106 EP19860402106 EP 19860402106 EP 86402106 A EP86402106 A EP 86402106A EP 0221794 B1 EP0221794 B1 EP 0221794B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
module
warp
projectiles
equal
fragments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19860402106
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0221794A1 (en
Inventor
Christian Charles François Grillo
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Hutchinson SA
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Hutchinson SA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • F41H5/0485—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers all the layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
    • F41H5/0457—Metal layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
    • F41H5/0464—Metal layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics the additional layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/911—Penetration resistant layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y10T442/3528—Three or more fabric layers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a protection device resistant to the impact of projectiles and fragments or fragments of explosions, which is intended more particularly for the protection of motor vehicles.
  • the VALLCORBA TURA patent FR. 2,348.991
  • a textile sheet for making impact and explosion-resistant clothing which consists of an aramid (or aromatic polyamide) filament, in particular of KEVLAR, which can withstand temperatures above 250 ° C. of 500 2,500 denier, and in particular 1,000 denier, woven in simple plain weave and mass-colored.
  • the textile sheet is thermally fixed by coating at least one face with impermeable resin by passing through a gelling tunnel, from which it leaves ready for making bulletproof vests, for example.
  • the fabric is folded back on itself, which gives a laminated structure which can have a maximum number of 30 to 40 plies, ensuring protection against the impact of any type of material. weapon and projectile in the event of war and combat, explosions (dynamite), sport hunting. These folds (or layers) are held together by sewing which is carried out by squares over their entire surface.
  • Explosion-proof blankets can also be produced.
  • VALLCORBA document is used as a basis in the preamble to the main claims for the device and method which is the subject of the present invention.
  • the BOTTINI et al patent, FR. 2 402 855 relates to a composite bullet-resistant material, which can be in the form of flat or curved sheets, as well as in hollow bodies of complex shape. It is composed of a plurality of fabrics made of aromatic polyamide fibers ("ballistic NYLON"), at least some of which are of the ordinary "cloth” type and others of the "batavia” type, each of which is impregnated with polyester resins. unsaturated, which tissues are superimposed on each other one by one or in a group, the mutual association being obtained at high pressure in the desired shape. In the case where only the two fabrics of the aforementioned type are used, the fabrics of the "batavia” group are superimposed parallel or perpendicular to the adjacent "cloth” fabrics.
  • the Patent of the FRANCO-GERMAN INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH OF SAINT-LOUIS, FR 2 425 046, relates to a projectile-proof armor consisting of a first plate exposed to the impact of projectiles and made of hard material, such as steel, the thickness of which is greater than or equal to 0.3 times the caliber of the projectiles against which the shielding device is provided, and by a second plate made of laminated material with low delamination energy, whose thickness is at least twice the caliber of projectiles, and composed of inorganic fibers, such as glass fibers, or organic fibers, such as aromatic polyamide (or aramid) fibers, which fibers are linked by a soft resin, namely made with a low dose of hardener, such as a polyester resin, or bonded using a natural or synthetic elastomer.
  • the assembly between the two plates is done by gluing or using continuous or discontinuous mechanical means.
  • Patent IMI KYNOCH LTD FR 2 443 397
  • a container for the storage of dangerous materials for example explosives
  • the wall of which has a laminated structure comprising at least one relatively rigid layer, made of plastic, in particular thermosetting, reinforced with fibers, in particular glass or polyamide, and at least one layer of elastomer, in particular of chlorosulfonated polyethylene, the rigid layer being closer to the interior of the container than the layer of elastomer.
  • the container wall has several rigid and elastomeric layers, these are arranged alternately.
  • the laminate structure may also include a metallic outer layer.
  • the Patent of the SOCIETE NATIONALE DES POUDRES ET EXPLOSIFS, FR 2 469 277, relates to a device for protection against shocks, in particular due to the impact of a bullet or fragments projected by an explosion, or even due to collisions between two bodies, for example two cars.
  • This device is of the type comprising a laminated structure consisting of superimposed layers of fabrics based on inorganic fibers, such as glass fibers, or organic fibers, such as aromatic polyamide or aramid fibers ("KEVLAR”) and a resin. impregnation, in particular polyester or polyepoxide.
  • KEVLAR aromatic polyamide or aramid fibers
  • This patent claims the use, in a protection device of the above type, of a thermosetting or thermoplastic viscoelastic resin having a loss factor of between 0.5 and 1.5, an elasticity modulus E of between 10 6 and 10 ° N / M 2 , at a frequency of 100 Hz and at the operating temperature.
  • the APPRICH patent, FR 2 506 447 relates to armouring for wall elements, in particular metal parts of the underside of motor vehicles, against the action of explosive devices, comprising at least one layer of a coherent and impregnated fiber mat resin.
  • the fibers can be entirely aramid fibers (aromatic polyamides) and in particular "KEVLAR" fibers.
  • said mat may also include cotton fibers, or polyamide fibers.
  • the mat can be formed by a fabric with several layers of warp and weft threads, connected to each other.
  • the impregnation resin is a resin with one or more components, in particular a polyurethane, polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride resin.
  • the AEROJET patent, FR 1 605 066, relates to an impact-resistant material, whose penetration resistance / weight ratio is exceptionally high and which can be used to make breastplates for humans or armorings for air transport devices, personnel transport equipment, etc.
  • the proposed material comprises several bonded layers of a fabric constituted by an interlacing of glass fibers, in particular in the form of wicks, and of "NYLON", impregnated with resin, in particular polyester, epoxy or rubber-phenolic.
  • the relative proportions by weight of glass fibers and "NYLON” are between 90 parts of glass and 10 parts of "NYLON", and 10 parts of glass and 90 parts of "NYLON".
  • the aforementioned impact-resistant material can also comprise an external surface layer of glass, alumina, boron carbide, silicon carbide, etc.
  • the layer of large breaking! Is made of polyurethane
  • the plate of hard material is of ceramic sintered with aluminum oxide or boron carbide
  • the support material is a fabric of textile fibers, in particular aromatic polyamide fibers, consisting of several layers which are loosely superimposed and only weakly bonded together.
  • the support material can be coated on one side with said hard material and protected against moisture, on the area not covered with this hard material, by curable synthetic impregnating resins.
  • the American patent MEDLIN, US 4352316 relates to armored vehicles with light armor, having the appearance of normal vehicles, and more particularly a light protection plate capable of dissipating at least part of the kinetic energy of high speed projectiles.
  • the finishing material is applied to said plurality of sheets, and the sheets thus prepared are laminated together using the binder, so as to delaminate under the action of the impact of bullets at high speed.
  • the plate proposed by the MEDLIN patent, US 4 352 316, is in accordance with the results of tests according to which the most effective means for absorbing the kinetic energy of a projectile is to deform, separate (or delaminate) and penetrate a certain number of separate armor sheets.
  • the non-delaminable structure is obtained by applying rules, most of which are contrary to usual practice and in particular by releasing an adhesion, or bond, between the matrix and the fibers negligible or zero, which is obtained by choosing unbleached materials. suitable for the matrix and the fibers, or by treating these fibers with an agent which makes them impermeable to the matrix.
  • Patent Application EP-0 169 432 representing a state of the art according to article 54 (3) describes a laminated structure comprising a plurality of layers of fabric, which are made wholly or predominantly of fibers very strong, such as aramid fibers and, where appropriate, other synthetic fibers and which are connected to one another by layers of binder, which are arranged essentially between the layers of fabric, so as not to impregnate the internal threads with these layers of fabric, which therefore remain devoid of binder.
  • This is obtained by the choice of a relatively viscous binder which is applied to the layer of fabric practically without adhesion, which gives the internal threads a certain degree of freedom in the transverse and longitudinal directions.
  • the MEHLER laminated structure comprises as a basic element a composite layer comprising a layer of fabric covered with binder on its two faces.
  • the finished product is obtained by press pressing a plurality of composite layers of the type mentioned above, this pressing being carried out at a temperature between 120 ° C and 180 ° C and at a pressure between 3 and 20 bars.
  • Patent AT-373,068 describes a flexible armor plate made of non-metallic material, intended more particularly for vehicles, land, or air, as well as for the protection of objects or even for the protection of persons against injuries, comprising at least one plastic layer (in particular thermoplastic, polyester, epoxy resin, polyurethane or the like) and at least one elastic fabric (especially in mineral fibers, textiles or synthetics) making the armor plate flexible and deformable.
  • at least one plastic layer in particular thermoplastic, polyester, epoxy resin, polyurethane or the like
  • elastic fabric especially in mineral fibers, textiles or synthetics
  • the layers of plastic and fabric, which are joined together by bonding, welding, vulcanization, crosslinking or other means, in particular by polyurethane-based adhesives, are between two aluminum sheets.
  • each of the latter is arranged between two consecutive plastic layers, to which it is fixed by gluing.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a protection device resistant to the impact of projectiles and fragments or fragments of explosions and intended more particularly for the shielding of motor vehicles, which device meets the needs of the practice better than the devices aiming at the same goal previously known, in particular in that:
  • the subject of the present invention is a device for protecting a structure, more particularly constituted by a motor vehicle, against the impact of projectiles and fragments or fragments of explosions, having a flexible laminated structure provided with a plurality of layers. superimposed composites, each composite layer comprising a textile intermediate layer which is in particular made of organic fibers of aromatic polyamide and which is adhered, to have which adheres intimately, on both sides to a binder film, which device is characterized in that said binder is elastomeric, and that said structure constitutes a flexible module intended to cooperate with at least one other module of the same type to which it is secured by gluing, to be applied to any support, metallic or not, curved or not.
  • the different composite layers are joined together by vulcanization and their number depends on the degree of flexibility desired for each module.
  • Each modular device is suitable for being applied, preferably by gluing, but also by screwing or riveting or other means suitable for any support, metallic or not, curved or not, in particular constituted by said structure to be protected or by another protective device. of a type known per se already optionally fitted to this structure or by another module of the same type.
  • the number of said composite layers is between 5 and 20 and preferably between 5 and 10.
  • each thin elastomeric film adhered on either side relative to each textile layer has a thickness of between 0.01 and 0.018 mm and an adhesion of between approximately 5_10 2 N / m and 29.10 2 N / m, and the percentage by weight of elastomer product used in a given module is between 7% and 15% of the total weight of the module.
  • the glue connecting a module to the module which precedes it, looking in the opposite direction to that of propagation of the projectiles or ejection of the fragments, or directly to said support is of the type having a sufficient elongation power to absorb part of the kinetic impact energy and good adhesion, in particular of the order of 49.10 2 N / m, namely an appropriate crosslinking rate , preferably between 1 and 20.
  • the device comprises a plurality of modules of the aforementioned type, of which at least one intermediate module comprises said textile layers made of fibers having a breaking strength and a number of warp and weft yarns which are lower compared to at least one module preceding it, looking in the opposite direction to that of projectile propagation or of ejection of the fragments, but which are higher compared to at least a module that follows it, if it exists.
  • the device comprises at least one so-called primary module, which is exposed to projectiles or fragments, and at least one so-called secondary module, which follows it while looking in the opposite direction to that of propagation of the projectiles or fragments ejection, which primary module has a titration between 1100 and 1680 dtex, a number of threads in warp and weft equal to or greater than 10.5 and a resistance to breakage in warp and weft equal or greater than 186.10 3 N / m, while the secondary module has a titration between 1680 and 3300 dtex, a number of threads in warp and weft equal to or greater than 3.7 and a breaking strength in warp and weft equal or greater 137-10 3 N / m.
  • the device comprises a plurality of modules of the aforementioned type, each of which has a titration of between 1100 and 1680 dtex, a number of threads in warp and weft equal or greater at 10.5 and a breaking strength in warp and weft equal to or greater than 186.10 3 N / m.
  • a film having a low adhesion power for example of the order of approximately 5.10 2 N / m at 29 ⁇ 10 2 N / m, allows the delamination of the sheets of fabric, but in any event must retain its significant elongation capacity, while increasing the thickness of the film reduces the path of the longitudinal wave and results in a greater penetration depth of the projectile; on the other hand, a thick film increases the imprisonment of the wires, which limits their elongation power concentrates the stress in the impact zone, the wires being more subjected to shearing.
  • the longitudinal wave is all the more reflected as the number of warp and weft threads is reduced; however, the components of the reflected wave are superimposed on the components of the initial wave and break the wires in the impact zone, if the amplitude exceeds the resistance of the wires at this point; therefore, the lower the reflection of the wave, the greater the energy absorbed by the wires near the impact.
  • the thickness of the film must advantageously be between 0.01 and 0.018 mm, which represents a percentage by weight relative to the total weight of the material used between 7 and 15%.
  • the film elastomer is further advantageously formulated so as to exhibit flame retardant properties.
  • each of said textile intermediate layers of each composite layer which is involved in the constitution of a flexible module according to the invention is preferably about 0.35 mm before the operation of adhering the textile layer , on both sides, to elastomeric films.
  • the shielding according to the invention rarely finds an application when used alone, on the other hand, thanks to its modularity, it can provide additional protection to an existing element, such as for example a body sheet, or even to high hardness metallic shielding.
  • the bonding adhesive between the superimposed modules must have good adhesion, in particular of the order of 49 ⁇ 10 2 N / m, and a sufficient elongation power to absorb part of the energy. kinetic. To this end, a good compromise is found with an adhesive whose crosslinking rate is between 1 and 20.
  • compositions of the modular shielding device according to the invention used alone and in cooperation with a steel sheet bonded on the front face, this sheet being of different thickness and simulating for example the sheet metal of the body of a motor vehicle.
  • composition A refers to the case where on the front face is glued a sheet whose thickness is between 1 and 1.2 mm and composition B relates to the case where on the front face is glued a sheet whose thickness is between 0.5 and 0.7 mm, while composition C relates to the absence of sheet metal on the front face.
  • the hatched rectangles refer to modules whose textile frame in "KEVLAR” has a titration of 3300 dtex, while the non-hatched rectangles refer to modules whose textile frame in "KEVLAR” has a titration of 1100 dtex.
  • On the top of each rectangle is indicated the total mass of the device in kg / m 2 , while inside each rectangle is indicated the mass in kg / m 2 of each of the corresponding modules of which the shielding device is made up.
  • compositions and combinations can be multiplied infinitely, it is clear that the advantage of the compositions and combinations which have just been described lies in the fact that they show some of the possible solutions. to stop a given projectile under given circumstances.
  • classes I, II and III are meant the classes relating to projectiles propelled by handguns, the speeds of which range from approximately 280 m / sec in class 1 to approximately 540 m / sec in class III.
  • the solution which is adopted in the context of the present invention, to overcome this drawback consists in forming flexible modules each consisting of a plurality of composite layers (or plies) of the above type each cooperating with a very thin metal strip which follows the corresponding composite layer looking in the opposite direction to that of projectile propagation or ejection of the fragments and which is also adhered, like said textile layer, on either side, to an elastomeric film of very low thickness, the various composite layers thus produced being joined together by vulcanization and their number being a function of the degree of flexibility desired for each module.
  • the splinter performance is explained by the longitudinal wave better diffused in the metal, which has the effect of distributing the stresses more evenly.
  • the strips as in the case of a sheet placed only on the front face, undergo successive deformations which considerably slow down the speed and the penetration of the chip.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Description

La présente invention est relative à un dispositif de protection résistant à l'impact de projectiles et de fragments ou éclats d'explosions, qui est destiné plus particulièrement à la protection de véhicules automobiles.The present invention relates to a protection device resistant to the impact of projectiles and fragments or fragments of explosions, which is intended more particularly for the protection of motor vehicles.

Plusieurs solutions ont été déjà proposées pour réaliser des dispositifs de blindage qui, dans la quasi totalité des cas, présentent une structure composite stratifiée comportant au moins une couche de fibres inorganiques (ou naturelles), telles que des fibres de verre, ou des fibres organiques (ou synthétiques), telles que des fibres de polyamide ("NYLON") et surtout de polyamide aromatique ("KEVLAR"), ces dernières étant désormais pratiquement universellement utilisées dans la fabrication de dispositifs de protection balistiques, et ce en raison de la résistance mécaniques spécifique, à savoir par unité de masse, élevée du "KEVLAR" (qui est notoirement une marque de fabrique déposée par DUPONT DE NEMOURS) qui est cinq fois plus grande que la résistance spécifique de l'acier et le double de la résistance spécifique du "NYLON", le "KEVLAR" ayant aussi la propriété d'absorber de grandes quantités d'énergie cinétique.Several solutions have already been proposed for producing shielding devices which, in almost all cases, have a laminated composite structure comprising at least one layer of inorganic (or natural) fibers, such as glass fibers, or organic fibers. (or synthetic), such as polyamide ("NYLON") and especially aromatic polyamide ("KEVLAR") fibers, the latter being now practically universally used in the manufacture of ballistic protection devices, and this because of the resistance specific mechanical, namely per unit mass, high of the "KEVLAR" (which is known to be a trademark registered by DUPONT DE NEMOURS) which is five times greater than the specific resistance of steel and twice the specific resistance "NYLON", "KEVLAR" also having the property of absorbing large amounts of kinetic energy.

A titre d'exemples des solutions déjà proposées, on peut citer un certain nombre de brevets dont l'objet est brièvement rappelé ci-après.By way of examples of the solutions already proposed, mention may be made of a number of patents, the subject of which is briefly recalled below.

Le brevet VALLCORBA TURA, FR. 2 348,991, concerne une feuille textile pour la confection de vêtements résistant aux chocs et aux explosions, qui est constituée par un filament d'aramide (ou polyamide aromatique), notamment de KEVLAR, qui peut supporter des températures supérieures à 250°C de 500 à 2 500 deniers, et en particulier de 1 000 deniers, tissé en armure toile simple et coloré en masse. La feuille textile est fixée thermiquement en revêtant au moins une face de résine imperméable par passage dans un tunnel de gélification, dont elle sort prête pour confectionner des gilets anti-balles, par exemple.The VALLCORBA TURA patent, FR. 2,348.991, relates to a textile sheet for making impact and explosion-resistant clothing, which consists of an aramid (or aromatic polyamide) filament, in particular of KEVLAR, which can withstand temperatures above 250 ° C. of 500 2,500 denier, and in particular 1,000 denier, woven in simple plain weave and mass-colored. The textile sheet is thermally fixed by coating at least one face with impermeable resin by passing through a gelling tunnel, from which it leaves ready for making bulletproof vests, for example.

Pour que le gilet anti-balles soit efficace, le tissu est replié sur lui-même, ce que donne une structure stratifiée pouvant comporter un nombre maximal de 30 à 40 plis, assurant la protection contre l'impact de n'importe quel type d'arme et de projectile en cas de guerre et combats, explosions (dynamite), chasse sportive. Ces plis (ou couches) sont maintenus ensemble par couture qui est réalisée par carrées sur toute leur surface.For the bulletproof vest to be effective, the fabric is folded back on itself, which gives a laminated structure which can have a maximum number of 30 to 40 plies, ensuring protection against the impact of any type of material. weapon and projectile in the event of war and combat, explosions (dynamite), sport hunting. These folds (or layers) are held together by sewing which is carried out by squares over their entire surface.

On peut également réaliser des couvertures anti-explosions.Explosion-proof blankets can also be produced.

Entre les couches successives de fibres d'aramide on peut disposer des fibres libres d'aramide ou d'un autre type de fibres réfractaires telles que "FIBERFRAX", "KAOXOOL", "TRITON", "CERAFIBER", "REFRASIL", etc .... l'inclusion de ces fibres libres n'étant pas toutefois indispensable.Between the successive layers of aramid fibers, it is possible to have free fibers of aramid or of another type of refractory fibers such as "FIBERFRAX", "KAOXOOL", "TRITON", "CERAFIBER", "REFRASIL", etc. .... the inclusion of these free fibers is not however essential.

Le document VALLCORBA sert de base dans le préambule des revendications principales de dispositif et de procédé objet de la présente invention.The VALLCORBA document is used as a basis in the preamble to the main claims for the device and method which is the subject of the present invention.

Le brevet BOTTINI et al, FR. 2 402 855, concerne un matériau pare-balles composite, pouvant se mettre sous forme de feuilles planes ou courbes, ainsi que dans des corps creux de forme complexe. Il est composé d'une pluralité di tissus en fibres de polyamide aromatique ("NYLON" balistique), dont au moins quelques-uns sont du type ordinaire "toilé" et d'autres du type "batavia", chacun étant imprégné de résines polyester insaturées, lesquels tissus sont superposés les uns aux autres un par un ou en groupe, l'association mutuelle étant obtenue à haute pression selon la forme voulue. Dans le cas où on utilise seulement les deux tissus du type susdit, la superposition des tissus du groupe "batavia" se fait parallèlement ou perpendiculairement aux tissus "toilés" adjacents.The BOTTINI et al patent, FR. 2 402 855, relates to a composite bullet-resistant material, which can be in the form of flat or curved sheets, as well as in hollow bodies of complex shape. It is composed of a plurality of fabrics made of aromatic polyamide fibers ("ballistic NYLON"), at least some of which are of the ordinary "cloth" type and others of the "batavia" type, each of which is impregnated with polyester resins. unsaturated, which tissues are superimposed on each other one by one or in a group, the mutual association being obtained at high pressure in the desired shape. In the case where only the two fabrics of the aforementioned type are used, the fabrics of the "batavia" group are superimposed parallel or perpendicular to the adjacent "cloth" fabrics.

Ce Brevet correspond au Brevet américain US 4 200 677.This Patent corresponds to US Patent US 4,200,677.

Le Brevet de l'INSTITUT FRANCO-ALLEMAND DE RECHERCHES DE SAINT-LOUIS, FR 2 425 046, concerne un dispositif de blindage à l'épreuve de projectiles constitué par une première plaque exposée à l'impact des projectiles et réalisée en matériau dur, tel que l'acier, dont l'épaisseur est supérieure ou égale à 0,3 fois le calibre des projectiles à l'épreuve desquels est prévu le dispositif de blindage, et par une deuxième plaque réalisée en matériau stratifié à faible énergie de délaminage, dont l'épaisseur est au moins égale à deux fois le calibre des projectiles, et composée de fibres inorganiques, telles que des fibres de verre, ou organiques, telles que des fibres de polyamide aromatique (ou aramide), lesquelles fibres sont liées par une résine molle, à savoir fabriquée avec une faible dose de durcisseur, telle qu'une résine polyester, ou liées à l'aide d'un élastomère-naturel ou synthétique.The Patent of the FRANCO-GERMAN INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH OF SAINT-LOUIS, FR 2 425 046, relates to a projectile-proof armor consisting of a first plate exposed to the impact of projectiles and made of hard material, such as steel, the thickness of which is greater than or equal to 0.3 times the caliber of the projectiles against which the shielding device is provided, and by a second plate made of laminated material with low delamination energy, whose thickness is at least twice the caliber of projectiles, and composed of inorganic fibers, such as glass fibers, or organic fibers, such as aromatic polyamide (or aramid) fibers, which fibers are linked by a soft resin, namely made with a low dose of hardener, such as a polyester resin, or bonded using a natural or synthetic elastomer.

L'assemblage entre les deux plaques se fait par collage ou à l'aide de moyens mécaniques continus ou discontinus.The assembly between the two plates is done by gluing or using continuous or discontinuous mechanical means.

Le Brevet IMI KYNOCH LTD, FR 2 443 397, concerne un récipient pour l'emmagasinage de matières dangereuses, par exemple d'explosifs, dont la paroi présente une structure stratifiée comprenant au moins une couche relativement rigide, réalisée en matière plastique, en particulier thermodurcissable, armée de fibres, notamment de verre ou de polyamide, et au moins une couche en élastomère, notamment en polyéthylène chlorosulfoné, la couche rigide étant plus proche de l'intérieur du récipient que la couche d'elastomère.Patent IMI KYNOCH LTD, FR 2 443 397, relates to a container for the storage of dangerous materials, for example explosives, the wall of which has a laminated structure comprising at least one relatively rigid layer, made of plastic, in particular thermosetting, reinforced with fibers, in particular glass or polyamide, and at least one layer of elastomer, in particular of chlorosulfonated polyethylene, the rigid layer being closer to the interior of the container than the layer of elastomer.

Dans le cas où la paroi du récipient comporte plusieurs couches rigides et en élastomère, celles-ci sont disposées alternativement.In the case where the container wall has several rigid and elastomeric layers, these are arranged alternately.

La structure stratifiée peut comporter également une couche extérieure métallique.The laminate structure may also include a metallic outer layer.

Le Brevet de la SOCIETE NATIONALE DES POUDRES ET EXPLOSIFS, FR 2 469 277, concerne un dispositif de protection contre les chocs, notamment dûs à l'impact d'une balle ou de fragments projetés par une explosion, ou encore dus aux collisions entre deux corps, par exemple deux voitures.The Patent of the SOCIETE NATIONALE DES POUDRES ET EXPLOSIFS, FR 2 469 277, relates to a device for protection against shocks, in particular due to the impact of a bullet or fragments projected by an explosion, or even due to collisions between two bodies, for example two cars.

Ce dispositif est du type comportant une structure stratifiée constituée de couches superposées de tissus à base de fibres inorganiques, telles que les fibres de verre, ou organiques, telles que les fibres de polyamide aromatique ou aramide ("KEVLAR") et d'une résine d'imprégnation, notamment polyester ou polyépoxyde. Ce Brevet revendique l'emploi, dans un dispositif de protection du type susdit, d'une résine viscoélastique thermodurcissable ou thermoplastique présentant un facteur de perte compris entre 0,5 et 1,5, un module d'élasticité E comprise entre 106 et 10° N/M2, à une fréquence de 100 Hz et à la température d'utilisation.This device is of the type comprising a laminated structure consisting of superimposed layers of fabrics based on inorganic fibers, such as glass fibers, or organic fibers, such as aromatic polyamide or aramid fibers ("KEVLAR") and a resin. impregnation, in particular polyester or polyepoxide. This patent claims the use, in a protection device of the above type, of a thermosetting or thermoplastic viscoelastic resin having a loss factor of between 0.5 and 1.5, an elasticity modulus E of between 10 6 and 10 ° N / M 2 , at a frequency of 100 Hz and at the operating temperature.

Le taux en poids de résine viscoélastique, par rapport au poids total du dispositif de protection, est compris entre:

  • -10% et 30%, et de préférence entre 15% et 24%, dans le cas de réalisation de blindages légers, ou
  • -40% et 80%, dans le cas de réalisation de pare-chocs d'automobiles.
The weight ratio of viscoelastic resin, relative to the total weight of the protective device, is between:
  • -10% and 30%, and preferably between 15% and 24%, in the case of making light armorings, or
  • -40% and 80%, in the case of automobile bumpers.

Le Brevet APPRICH, FR 2 506 447, concerne un blindage pour éléments de paroi, notamment des parties métalliques du dessous de véhicules automobiles, contre l'action d'engins explosifs, comprenant au moins une couche d'un mat de fibres cohérent et imprégné de résine.The APPRICH patent, FR 2 506 447, relates to armouring for wall elements, in particular metal parts of the underside of motor vehicles, against the action of explosive devices, comprising at least one layer of a coherent and impregnated fiber mat resin.

Les fibres peuvent être entièrement des fibres d'aramides (polyamides aromatiques) et en particulier des fibres de "KEVLAR".The fibers can be entirely aramid fibers (aromatic polyamides) and in particular "KEVLAR" fibers.

Dans le cas où ledit mat est réalisé seulement partiellement en fibres d'aramides, il peut comporter également des fibres de coton, ou des fibres de polyamides.In the case where said mat is made only partially from aramid fibers, it may also include cotton fibers, or polyamide fibers.

Dans chaque cas, le mat peut être formé par un tissu à plusieurs couches de fils de chaîne et de fils de trame, reliées les unes aux autres.In each case, the mat can be formed by a fabric with several layers of warp and weft threads, connected to each other.

La résine d'imprégnation est une résine à un ou plusieurs composants, en particulier une résine polyuréthannique, polyéthylénique ou de chlorure de polyvinyle.The impregnation resin is a resin with one or more components, in particular a polyurethane, polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride resin.

Le Brevet AEROJET, FR 1 605 066, concerne un matériau résistant aux chocs, dont le rapport résistance à la pénetration/poids est exceptionnellement élevé et qui est utilisable pour réaliser des cuirasses pour l'homme ou des blindages pur les appareils de transport aériens, les engins de transport de personnel, etc.....The AEROJET patent, FR 1 605 066, relates to an impact-resistant material, whose penetration resistance / weight ratio is exceptionally high and which can be used to make breastplates for humans or armorings for air transport devices, personnel transport equipment, etc.

Le matériau proposé comporte plusieurs couches liées d'une étoffe constituée par un entrelacement de fibres de verre, notamment sous forme de mèches, et de "NYLON", imprégnées de résine, notamment polyester, époxy ou caoutchouc-phénolique.The proposed material comprises several bonded layers of a fabric constituted by an interlacing of glass fibers, in particular in the form of wicks, and of "NYLON", impregnated with resin, in particular polyester, epoxy or rubber-phenolic.

Les proportions relatives en poids des fibres de verre et de "NYLON" sont comprises entre 90 parties de verre et 10 parties de "NYLON", et 10 parties de verre et 90 parties de "NYLON".The relative proportions by weight of glass fibers and "NYLON" are between 90 parts of glass and 10 parts of "NYLON", and 10 parts of glass and 90 parts of "NYLON".

Les résultats des essais de résistance aux chocs de cette combinaison de fibres sont supérieures aux résultats obtenus avec l'un ou l'autre type de fibres utilisées séparément.The results of the impact resistance tests of this combination of fibers are superior to the results obtained with one or the other type of fibers used separately.

Le matériau résistant aux chocs susdit peut comporter également une couche superficielle externe de verre, alumine, carbure de bore, carbure de silicium, etc.....The aforementioned impact-resistant material can also comprise an external surface layer of glass, alumina, boron carbide, silicon carbide, etc.

Le Brevet MAN MASCHINENFABRIK, FR 2 522 404, concerne un élément de blindage en forme de plaque, du type constitué par:

  • -une plaque en matière dure brisant le projectile, dirigée du côté du tir,
  • -une matière d'appui freinant le projectile, disposée sur la face arrière de cette plaque, et
  • -une couche de grand allongement de rupture, disposée sur la face avant de ladite plaque.
The MAN MASINFABRIK patent, FR 2 522 404, relates to a plate-shaped shielding element, of the type constituted by:
  • -a hard material plate breaking the projectile, directed towards the side of the shooting,
  • a bearing material braking the projectile, disposed on the rear face of this plate, and
  • a layer of great elongation at break, disposed on the front face of said plate.

Conformément à ce Brevet, la couche de grand a!tongement de rupture est en polyuréthane, la plaque en matière dure est en céramique frittée à l'oxyde d'aluminium ou en carbure de bore, et la matière d'appui est un tissu de fibres textiles, notamment de fibres de polyamide aromatique, constitué par plusieurs couches superposées de façon lâche et seulement faiblement liées entre elles.In accordance with this patent, the layer of large breaking! Is made of polyurethane, the plate of hard material is of ceramic sintered with aluminum oxide or boron carbide, and the support material is a fabric of textile fibers, in particular aromatic polyamide fibers, consisting of several layers which are loosely superimposed and only weakly bonded together.

La matière d'appui peut être revêtue d'un côté avec ladite matière dure et protégée contre l'humidité, sur la zone non recouverte de cette matière dure, par des résines d'imprégnation synthétiques durcissables.The support material can be coated on one side with said hard material and protected against moisture, on the area not covered with this hard material, by curable synthetic impregnating resins.

Le Brevet américain MEDLIN, US 4352316, concerne des véhicules blindés à blindage léger, ayant l'apparence de véhicules normaux, et plus particulièrement une plaque de protection légère capable de dissiper au moins une partie de l'énergie cinétique de projectiles à haute vitesse.The American patent MEDLIN, US 4352316, relates to armored vehicles with light armor, having the appearance of normal vehicles, and more particularly a light protection plate capable of dissipating at least part of the kinetic energy of high speed projectiles.

Cette plaque anti-balles comprend:

  • -une pluralité de feuilles balistiques (à savoir, résistant à la pénétration de la part de projectiles à haute vitesse) consistent en fibres balistiques,
  • -un matériau d'apprêt, et
  • -un matériau de liaison qui se lie de manière imparfaite à ce matériau d'apprêt.
This bulletproof plate includes:
  • -a plurality of ballistic sheets (i.e., resistant to penetration by high speed projectiles) consist of ballistic fibers,
  • -a finishing material, and
  • a bonding material which binds imperfectly to this finishing material.

Le matériau d'apprêt est appliqué sur ladite pluralité de feuilles, et les feuilles ainsi apprêtées sont laminées ensemble à l'aide du liant, de manière à se délaminer sous l'action de l'impact des balles à haute vitesse.The finishing material is applied to said plurality of sheets, and the sheets thus prepared are laminated together using the binder, so as to delaminate under the action of the impact of bullets at high speed.

La plaque proposée par le Brevet MEDLIN, US 4 352 316, est conforme aux résultats d'essais selon lesquels le moyen le plus efficace pour absorber l'énergie cinétique d'un projectile est de déformer, séparer (ou délaminer) et pénétrer un certain nombre de feuilles de blindage distinctes.The plate proposed by the MEDLIN patent, US 4 352 316, is in accordance with the results of tests according to which the most effective means for absorbing the kinetic energy of a projectile is to deform, separate (or delaminate) and penetrate a certain number of separate armor sheets.

Digne de note est aussi le Brevet européen CAPPA, EP 40 014, bien que celui-ci sorte du cadre de la présente invention parce que, contrairement à la technique connue, la résistance à l'impact est améliorée en donnant au laminé une structure non-délaminable, à savoir une structure qui interconnecte les différentes couches d'un laminé de manière à conférer à l'ensemble la capacité d'absorber élastiquement l'impact dû au projectile sans se délaminer.Worthy of note is also the European patent CAPPA, EP 40 014, although this is outside the scope of the present invention because, unlike the known technique, the impact resistance is improved by giving the laminate a non-woven structure. -delaminable, namely a structure which interconnects the different layers of a laminate so as to give the assembly the capacity to elastically absorb the impact due to the projectile without delaminating.

Il s'agit d'un écran non métallique amélioré qui est hautement résistant aux impacts de projectiles et du type constitué par la superposition alternée de couches de résine thermoplastique et de matière textile, lequel écran de protection anti-balles comporte:

  • -une matrice à nid d'abeille, qui est obtenue par chauffage et compression de ladite résine thermoplastique et qui constitue un support tridimensionnel,
  • -des couches de matière textile, constituées par des fibres synthétiques nobles, telles que des fibres de carbone, d'aramide, de bore ou analogues, qui présentent des propriétés mécaniques exceptionnellement élevées et qui sont entrelacées et contenues librement dans les cavités de ladite structure à nid d'abeille et encapsulées par ces cavités, à savoir que les fibres sont libres de glisser le long de la cavité correspondante.
It is an improved non-metallic screen which is highly resistant to projectile impacts and of the type constituted by alternating superposition of layers of thermoplastic resin and textile material, which bulletproof protective screen comprises:
  • a honeycomb matrix, which is obtained by heating and compression of said thermoplastic resin and which constitutes a three-dimensional support,
  • layers of textile material, constituted by noble synthetic fibers, such as carbon, aramid, boron fibers or the like, which have exceptionally high mechanical properties and which are intertwined and freely contained in the cavities of said structure honeycomb and encapsulated by these cavities, namely that the fibers are free to slide along the corresponding cavity.

La structure non-délaminable est obtenue en appliquant des règles, la plupart desquelles sont contraires à la pratique usuelle et notamment en rélaisant une adhérence, ou liaison, entre la matrice et les fibres négligeable ou nulle, ce qui est obtenu en choisissant des matériaux écrus appropriés pour la matrice et les fibres, ou en traitant ces fibres avec un agent qui les rend imperméables à la matrice.The non-delaminable structure is obtained by applying rules, most of which are contrary to usual practice and in particular by releasing an adhesion, or bond, between the matrix and the fibers negligible or zero, which is obtained by choosing unbleached materials. suitable for the matrix and the fibers, or by treating these fibers with an agent which makes them impermeable to the matrix.

La Demande de Brevet EP-0 169 432 (MEHLER) représentant un état de la technique selon l'article 54(3) décrit une structure lamifiée comportant une pluralité de couches de tissu, qui sont réalisées en totalité ou de façon prépondérante en des fibres très résistantes, telles que des fibres d'aramide et, le cas échéant, en d'autres fibres synthétiques et qui sont reliées l'une à l'autre par des couches de liant, qui sont disposées essentiellement entre les couches de tissu, de manière à ne pas imprégner les fils internes de ces couches de tissu, qui restent donc dépourvus de liant. Cela est obtenu par le choix d'un liant relativement visqueux qui est appliquée sur la couche de tissu pratiquement sans adhérence, ce qui confère aux fils internes un certain degré de liberté dans les sens tranversal et longitudinal.Patent Application EP-0 169 432 (MEHLER) representing a state of the art according to article 54 (3) describes a laminated structure comprising a plurality of layers of fabric, which are made wholly or predominantly of fibers very strong, such as aramid fibers and, where appropriate, other synthetic fibers and which are connected to one another by layers of binder, which are arranged essentially between the layers of fabric, so as not to impregnate the internal threads with these layers of fabric, which therefore remain devoid of binder. This is obtained by the choice of a relatively viscous binder which is applied to the layer of fabric practically without adhesion, which gives the internal threads a certain degree of freedom in the transverse and longitudinal directions.

De façon plus précise, on remarque que la structure lamifiée MEHLER comporte comme élément de base une couche composite comprenant une couche de tissu recouverte de liant sur ses deux faces. Le produit fini est obtenu par pressage à la presse d'une pluralité de couches composite du type évoqué plus hat, ce pressage étant effectué à une température comprise entre 120°C et 180°C at à une pression comprise entre 3 et 20 bars.More precisely, it is noted that the MEHLER laminated structure comprises as a basic element a composite layer comprising a layer of fabric covered with binder on its two faces. The finished product is obtained by press pressing a plurality of composite layers of the type mentioned above, this pressing being carried out at a temperature between 120 ° C and 180 ° C and at a pressure between 3 and 20 bars.

Le Brevet AT-373 068 (SCHNEIDER) décrit une plaque souple de blindage en matériau non métallique, destinée plus particulièrement à des véhicules, terrestres, ou aériens, ainsi qu'à la protection d'objets ou encore à la protection de personnes contre les blessures, comprenant au moins une couche en matière plastique (notamment en matière thermoplastique, polyester, résine époxy, polyuréthane ou analogue) et au moins un tissu élastique (notamment en fibres minérales, textiles ou synthétiques) rendant la plaque de blindage flexible et déformable.Patent AT-373,068 (SCHNEIDER) describes a flexible armor plate made of non-metallic material, intended more particularly for vehicles, land, or air, as well as for the protection of objects or even for the protection of persons against injuries, comprising at least one plastic layer (in particular thermoplastic, polyester, epoxy resin, polyurethane or the like) and at least one elastic fabric (especially in mineral fibers, textiles or synthetics) making the armor plate flexible and deformable.

Les couches de matière plastique et de tissu, qui sont reliées ensemble par collage, soudure, vulcanisation, réticulation ou autres moyens, notamment par des colles à base de polyuréthane, sont comprises entre deux feuilles en aluminium. En particulier, lorsqu'on utilise une pluralité de couches en matière plastique et de couches en tissu, chacune de ces dernières est disposée entre deux couches consécutives en matière plastique, auxquelles elle est fixée par collage.The layers of plastic and fabric, which are joined together by bonding, welding, vulcanization, crosslinking or other means, in particular by polyurethane-based adhesives, are between two aluminum sheets. In particular, when a plurality of plastic layers and fabric layers are used, each of the latter is arranged between two consecutive plastic layers, to which it is fixed by gluing.

Ce qui précède montre:

  • -d'une part, que pour réaliser des structures flexibles, notamment adaptées à la confection de gilets anti-balles, on se limite à l'emploi de feuilles textiles repliées sur elles-mêmes (cf. le Brevet VALLCORBA TURA), toute-fois cette solution ne convient pas pour la réalisation de blindages de véhicules automobiles notamment, et
  • -d'autre part, que l'adaptation de feuilles textiles à la réalisation de dispositifs de blindage demande la coopération avec des plaques ou couches d'une certaine rigidité, les feuilles textiles étant quasi généralement imprégnées à l'aide d'un agent de liaison résineux ou élastomère (seulement le Brevet IMI/KYNOCH LTD décrit un dispositif de protection dont la structure stratifiée comporte au moins une couche réalisée complètement en élastomère, mais également celle-ci coopère avec au moins une couche rigide).
The above shows:
  • on the one hand, that in order to produce flexible structures, in particular suitable for making bulletproof vests, we limit ourselves to the use of textile sheets folded back on themselves (cf. the VALLCORBA TURA patent), all times this solution is not suitable for making armor plating for motor vehicles in particular, and
  • on the other hand, that the adaptation of textile sheets to the production of shielding devices requires cooperation with plates or layers of a certain rigidity, the textile sheets being almost generally impregnated with the aid of a resinous or elastomeric bond (only the IMI / KYNOCH LTD patent describes a protection device whose laminated structure comprises at least one layer made completely of elastomer, but also this cooperates with at least one rigid layer).

En outre, l'adaptation à des formes particulières, généralement courbes, d'objets à protéger est subordonnée à l'application de procédés de formage à haute pression (cf. le Brevet BOTTINI) ou, dans certains cas, de formage à chaud (c'est le cas de dispositifs utilisant des panneaux stratifiés en matière plastique renforcée ou armée de façon appropriée).In addition, the adaptation to particular, generally curved, shapes of objects to be protected is subject to the application of high-pressure forming processes (see the BOTTINI patent) or, in some cases, hot forming ( this is the case of devices using laminated panels made of reinforced plastic or appropriately reinforced).

En résumant ce qui précéde, on peut donc conclure que les dispositifs de blindage actuellement disponibles sont de type rigide ou semi-rigide qui, tout en offrant une protection efficace, possèdent un certain nombre d'inconvénients, tant au niveau de leur fabrication que de leur.-utilisation, qui en limitent les applications, notamment:

  • ―en ce qui concerne la conformation à des supports galbés, celle-ci est possible seulement à condition de disposer préalablement d'un moule spécial, généralement coûteux, et dont l'emploi est justifié essentiellement dans le cas de production de grandes séries,
  • ―en ce qui concerne la découpe des pièces, celle-ci est difficile, ce qui nécessite de faire appel à des outils également spéciaux, tels que des scies à dents diamantées, des dispositifs à jets d'eau à haute pression ou des dispositifs laser,
  • ―en ce que concerne les dimensions des pièces, celles-ci sont disponibles dans une gamme relativement limitée, surtout à cause de problèmes de découpage,
  • ―en ce qui concerne les conditions d'hygiène et de sécurité de travail, celles-ci imposent le respect de normes rigoureusement strictes en raison de la présence de résines volatiles, et
  • ―en ce qui concerne la fabrication des pièces, celles-ci s'effectue sur des presses ou dans des autoclaves, ce qui entraîne un nombre important d'opérations manuelles, notamment dues à la superposition des couches de ces pièces à structure stratifiée, et donc des temps d'immobilisation des machines également importants qui élèvent le coût énergétique.
Summarizing the foregoing, it can therefore be concluded that the shielding devices currently available are of the rigid or semi-rigid type which, while offering effective protection, have a certain number of drawbacks, both in terms of their manufacture and of their use, which limit its applications, in particular:
  • ― As regards the conformation to curved supports, this is possible only on condition that a special mold, generally expensive, is available beforehand, the use of which is justified essentially in the case of mass production,
  • ― As far as cutting the parts is concerned, this is difficult, which requires the use of equally special tools, such as diamond tooth saws, high pressure water jet devices or laser devices ,
  • ―As regards the dimensions of the parts, these are available in a relatively limited range, mainly because of cutting problems,
  • ― As regards working hygiene and safety conditions, these require compliance with rigorously strict standards due to the presence of volatile resins, and
  • ― As regards the manufacture of the parts, these are carried out on presses or in autoclaves, which involves a large number of manual operations, in particular due to the superposition of the layers of these parts with a laminated structure, and therefore machine downtime is also important, which increases the energy cost.

La présente invention a pour but de pourvoir à un dispositif de protection résistant à l'impact de projectiles et de fragments ou éclats d'explosions et destiné plus particulièrement au blindage de véhicules automobiles, lequel dispositif répond mieux aux nécessités de la pratique que les dispositifs visant au même but antérieurement connus, notamment en ce que:The object of the present invention is to provide a protection device resistant to the impact of projectiles and fragments or fragments of explosions and intended more particularly for the shielding of motor vehicles, which device meets the needs of the practice better than the devices aiming at the same goal previously known, in particular in that:

il est adapté à être conformé manuellement à tout support métallique ou non, galbé ou non,

  • -à performances égales, on obtient un gain de poids important et donc une réduction du coût de la matière nécessaire,
  • -le découpage se fait simplement, à l'aide d'outils tranchants ordinaires, tels que scalpel, "cutter" et analogues,
  • -les temps de fabrication et d'application sont courts, la fabrication étant effectuée en continu.
it is suitable for being manually shaped to any metallic support or not, curved or not,
  • -at equal performance, a significant weight gain is obtained and therefore a reduction in the cost of the material required,
  • -the cutting is done simply, using ordinary sharp tools, such as scalpel, "cutter" and the like,
  • the manufacturing and application times are short, the manufacturing being carried out continuously.

La présente invention a pour objet un dispositif de protection d'une structure, plus particulièrement constituée par un véhicule automobile, contre l'impact de projectiles et de fragments ou éclats d'explosions, présentant une structure stratifiée souple pourvue d'une pluralité de couches composites superposées, chaque couche composite comprenant une couche intermédiaire textile qui est notamment réalisée en fibres organiques de polyamide aromatique et qui est adhérisée, a avoir qui adhère intimement, de part et d'autre à un film de liant, lequel dispositif est caractérisé en ce que ledit liant est élastomère, et en ce que ladite structure constitue un module souple destiné à coopérer avec au moins un autre module du même type auquel il est solidarisé par collage, pour être appliqué à tout support, métallique ou non, galbé ou non.The subject of the present invention is a device for protecting a structure, more particularly constituted by a motor vehicle, against the impact of projectiles and fragments or fragments of explosions, having a flexible laminated structure provided with a plurality of layers. superimposed composites, each composite layer comprising a textile intermediate layer which is in particular made of organic fibers of aromatic polyamide and which is adhered, to have which adheres intimately, on both sides to a binder film, which device is characterized in that said binder is elastomeric, and that said structure constitutes a flexible module intended to cooperate with at least one other module of the same type to which it is secured by gluing, to be applied to any support, metallic or not, curved or not.

Les différentes couches composites sont solidarisées entre elles par vulcanisation et leur nombre est fonction du degré de souplesse voulu pour chaque module.The different composite layers are joined together by vulcanization and their number depends on the degree of flexibility desired for each module.

Chaque dispositif modulaire est apte à être appliqué, de préférence par collage, mais également par vissage ou rivetage ou autre moyen approprié à tout support, métallique ou non, galbé ou non, notamment constitué par ladite structure à protéger ou par un autre disposifs de protection de type connu en soi déjà éventuellement équipant cette structure ou encore par un autre module du même type.Each modular device is suitable for being applied, preferably by gluing, but also by screwing or riveting or other means suitable for any support, metallic or not, curved or not, in particular constituted by said structure to be protected or by another protective device. of a type known per se already optionally fitted to this structure or by another module of the same type.

Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux du dispositif conforme à l'invention, le nombre desdites couches composites est comprise entre 5 et 20 et de préférence entre 5 et 10.According to an advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the number of said composite layers is between 5 and 20 and preferably between 5 and 10.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation avantageux du dispositif conforme à l'invention, chaque film élastomère mince adhérisé de part et d'autre par rapport à chaque couche textile, présente une épaisseur comprise entre 0,01 et 0,018 mm et une adhérence comprise entre environ 5_102 N/m et 29.102 N/m, et le pourcentage en poids de produit élastomère employé dans un module donnée est compris entre 7% et 15% du poids total du module.According to another advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, each thin elastomeric film adhered on either side relative to each textile layer, has a thickness of between 0.01 and 0.018 mm and an adhesion of between approximately 5_10 2 N / m and 29.10 2 N / m, and the percentage by weight of elastomer product used in a given module is between 7% and 15% of the total weight of the module.

Selon encore un autre mode de réalisation avantageux du dispositif conforme à l'invention, la colle de liaison d'un module au module qui le précède, en regardant dans le sens opposé à celui de propagation des projectiles ou d'éjection des fragments, ou directement audit support, est du type présentant un pouvoir d'allongement suffisant pour absorber une partie de l'énergie cinétique d'impact et une bonne adhérence, notamment de l'ordre de 49.102 N/m, à savoir un taux de réticulant approprié, de préférence comprise entre 1 et 20.According to yet another advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the glue connecting a module to the module which precedes it, looking in the opposite direction to that of propagation of the projectiles or ejection of the fragments, or directly to said support, is of the type having a sufficient elongation power to absorb part of the kinetic impact energy and good adhesion, in particular of the order of 49.10 2 N / m, namely an appropriate crosslinking rate , preferably between 1 and 20.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré du dispositif conforme à l'invention, celui-ci comporte une pluralité de modules du type susdit, dont au moins un module intermédiare comporte lesdites couches textiles réalisées en des fibres ayant une résistance à la rupture et un nombre de fils en chaîne et en trame qui sont moins élevés par rapport à au moins un module qui le précède, en regardant dans le sens opposé à celui de propagation des projectiles ou d'éjection des fragments, mais qui sont plus élevés par rapport à au moins un module qui le suit, si celui-ci existe.According to a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, it comprises a plurality of modules of the aforementioned type, of which at least one intermediate module comprises said textile layers made of fibers having a breaking strength and a number of warp and weft yarns which are lower compared to at least one module preceding it, looking in the opposite direction to that of projectile propagation or of ejection of the fragments, but which are higher compared to at least a module that follows it, if it exists.

Selon une dispositiion préférée de ce mode de réalisation, le dispositif comporte au moins un module dit primaire, qui est exposé aux projectiles ou fragments, et au moins un module dit secondaire, qui le suit en regardant dans le sens opposé à celui de propagation des projectiles ou d'éjection des fragments, lequel module primaire présente un titrage compris entre 1100 et 1680 dtex, un nombre de fils en chaîne et en trame égal ou supérieur à 10,5 et une résistance à la rupture en chaîne et en trame égale ou supérieure à 186.103 N/m, tandis que le module secondaire présente un titrage comprise entre 1680 et 3300 dtex, un nombre de fils en chaîne et en trame égal ou supérieur à 3,7 et une résistance à la rupture en chaîne et en trame égale ou supérieure 137-103 N/m.According to a preferred arrangement of this embodiment, the device comprises at least one so-called primary module, which is exposed to projectiles or fragments, and at least one so-called secondary module, which follows it while looking in the opposite direction to that of propagation of the projectiles or fragments ejection, which primary module has a titration between 1100 and 1680 dtex, a number of threads in warp and weft equal to or greater than 10.5 and a resistance to breakage in warp and weft equal or greater than 186.10 3 N / m, while the secondary module has a titration between 1680 and 3300 dtex, a number of threads in warp and weft equal to or greater than 3.7 and a breaking strength in warp and weft equal or greater 137-10 3 N / m.

Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux du dispositif conforme à l'invention, celui-ci comporte une pluralité de modules du type susdit, chacun desquels présente un titrage comprise entre 1100 et 1680 dtex, un nombre de fils en chaîne et en trame égal ou supérieur à 10,5 et une résistance à la rupture en chaîne et en trame égale ou supérieure à 186.103 N/m.According to an advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, it comprises a plurality of modules of the aforementioned type, each of which has a titration of between 1100 and 1680 dtex, a number of threads in warp and weft equal or greater at 10.5 and a breaking strength in warp and weft equal to or greater than 186.10 3 N / m.

Outre les dispositions qui précèdent, l'invention comprend encore d'autres dispositions, qui ressortiront de la description qui va suivre.In addition to the foregoing provisions, the invention also comprises other provisions, which will emerge from the description which follows.

Il est rappelé ci-après quelque définition de balistique qui sera utile à une meilleure compréhension de ce qui est exposé dans le complètement de description qui va suivre.Some definitions of ballistics which will be useful for a better understanding of what is exposed in the full description which follows.

Il est connu que, lorsqu'un projectile impacte un blindage, une onde sphérique prend naissance au point de collision. Or, cette onde se décompose en deux ondes successives, à savoir:

  • . une onde longitudinale, qui se propage à la vitesse du son perpendiculairement à la direction de propagation du projectile et qui soumet donc la matière (contenue dans un plan perpendiculaire au chemin parcouru par le projectile) à une contrainte de traction proportionnelle à la vitesse du son; et
  • . une onde transversale, qui se propage à la vitesse du projectile (donc à une vitesse inférieure) parallèlèment à la direction de propagation du projectile et qui fait déplacer la matière perpendiculairement à l'axe des fibres, à savoir parallèlement au chemin parcouru par le projectile, ce phénomène étant plus connu sous le nom de "délaminage" ou "destratification".
It is known that, when a projectile hits an armor, a spherical wave arises at the point of collision. However, this wave breaks up into two successive waves, namely:
  • . a longitudinal wave, which propagates at the speed of sound perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the projectile and which therefore subjects the material (contained in a plane perpendicular to the path traveled by the projectile) to a tensile stress proportional to the speed of sound ; and
  • . a transverse wave, which propagates at the speed of the projectile (therefore at a lower speed) parallel to the direction of propagation of the projectile and which makes the material move perpendicular to the axis of the fibers, namely parallel to the path traveled by the projectile , this phenomenon being better known under the name of "delamination" or "destratification".

Les différents essais effectués sur des modules conformes à l'invention, décrits plus haut, ayant un nombre constant de couches intermédiaires, une armure textile identique et des films élastomères aux propriétés mécaniques et aux adhérences différentes, ont apporté les enseignements suivants:

  • . d'une part, avec les modules ayant des films à forte adhérence, à savoir supérieure à 39.102 N/m et un allongement à la rupture faible, les deux cas suivants se présentent:
  • -si la perforation du blindage est totale, aucun délaminage n'est observé;
  • -si la perforation est partielle, le délaminage apparaît dans une point situé entre 50 et 70% de l'épaisseur et de la déformation de la partie arrière du dispositif est faible, tandis que
  • -d'autre part, avec les modules ayant un film à faible adhérence, à savoir comprise entre 5.102 N/ m et 29.102 N/m, et un allongement élevé, la pénétration est partielle, le délaminage apparaît dans un point situé entre 10 et 40% de l'épaisseur et la déformation de la partie arrière du dispositif est grande.
The various tests carried out on modules in accordance with the invention, described above, having a constant number of intermediate layers, identical textile weave and elastomeric films with different mechanical properties and adhesions, provided the following lessons:
  • . on the one hand, with the modules having films with high adhesion, namely greater than 39 × 10 2 N / m and a low elongation at break, the following two cases arise:
  • -if the shielding perforation is total, no delamination is observed;
  • -if the perforation is partial, delamination appears in a point between 50 and 70% of the thickness and the deformation of the rear part of the device is small, while
  • on the other hand, with the modules having a film with low adhesion, namely between 5.10 2 N / m and 29.10 2 N / m, and a high elongation, penetration is partial, delamination appears in a point located between 10 and 40% of the thickness and the deformation of the rear part of the device is large.

Ces observations sur le comportement des blindages conformes à la présente invention ont conduit:

  • . d'une part, à confirmer le rôle décisif du délaminage dans l'absorption de l'énergie cinétique du projectile, dont l'arrêt est déterminé par la nature et l'épaisseur du film élastomère; et
  • . d'autre part, à penser que la contrainte maximum provoquant la rupture des fils se situe dans la face avant du dispositif, en sorte qu'à mesure que le projectile pénètre dans le blindage, notamment constitué par deux modules superposés selon l'invention, et s'écrase, le déplacement de la matière derrière l'onde transversale charge les fils du modules secondaire et décharge les fils du module primaire.
These observations on the behavior of the shields in accordance with the present invention led to:
  • . on the one hand, to confirm the decisive role of delamination in the absorption of the kinetic energy of the projectile, the stopping of which is determined by the nature and the thickness of the elastomeric film; and
  • . on the other hand, to think that the maximum stress causing the breakage of the wires is located in the front face of the device, so that as the projectile enters the shielding, in particular consisting of two superimposed modules according to the invention, and crashes, the displacement of the material behind the transverse wave charges the wires of the secondary module and discharges the wires of the primary module.

Il est donc avantageux de remplacer les fils du module secondaire par des fils ayant une résistance à la rupture moindre et un nombre de fils en chaîne et en trame moins élevé. Outre l'allègement du tapis ainsi réalisé, cette disposition permet une réduction du coût matière.It is therefore advantageous to replace the wires of the secondary module with wires having a lower breaking strength and a lower number of wires in warp and weft. In addition to the lightening of the carpet thus produced, this arrangement allows a reduction in the material cost.

Il va de soi qu'il serait possible de remplacer le module secondaire par n'importe quel matériau en feuille capable d'épousser une forme galbée (à savoir, présentant une souplesse compatible avec celle du module primaire), à condition qu'il possède des propriétés de résistance à la rupture équivalentes.It goes without saying that it would be possible to replace the secondary module with any sheet material capable of dusting a curved shape (namely, having a flexibility compatible with that of the primary module), provided that it has equivalent breaking strength properties.

Pour les deux raisons indiquées ci-dessus, lorsque le blindage conforme à l'invention comporte plusieurs modules superposés, celui-ci est constitué d'au moins deux de tels modules ayant des caractéristiques et des performances qui diffèrent dans le sens susdit; par exemple, le dispositif selon l'invention peut comporter:

  • . un premier module placé en face avant, et donc avantageusement composé d'un tissu au nombre de fils relativement important et présentant une résistance en chaîne et trame élevée, dont le titrage est compris entre 1100 et 1680 dtex, la résistance à la rupture est supérieure ou égale à 186.103 N/m de longueur, le nombre de fils en chaîne et trame est supérieur à 10,5; et
  • . un deuxième module placé en face arrière, et donc avantageusement composé d'un tissu d'une résistance moins élevée et d'un nombre de fils en chaîne et trame réduit, dont le titrage est compris entre 1680 dtex et 3300 dtex, la résistance est au moins égale à 137.103 N/m, le nombre de fils en chaîne et en trame est supérieur ou éqal à 3,7.
For the two reasons indicated above, when the shielding according to the invention comprises several superimposed modules, this consists of at least two of such modules having characteristics and performances which differ in the above-mentioned direction; for example, the device according to the invention may include:
  • . a first module placed on the front face, and therefore advantageously composed of a fabric with a relatively large number of threads and having a high warp and weft resistance, the titration of which is between 1100 and 1680 dtex, the breaking strength is higher or equal to 186.10 3 N / m in length, the number of warp and weft threads is greater than 10.5; and
  • . a second module placed on the rear face, and therefore advantageously composed of a fabric of lower resistance and of a reduced number of warp and weft threads, the titration of which is between 1680 dtex and 3300 dtex, the resistance is at least equal to 137.10 3 N / m, the number of threads in warp and weft is greater than or equal to 3.7.

En ce qui concerne l'épaisseur du fil élastomère et ses propriétés mécaniques, l'une et les autres définissent des conditions essentielles à la performance du blindage. En fait, un film ayant un pouvoir d'adhésion faible, par exemple de l'order d'environ 5.102 N/m à 29·102 N/m, permet le délaminage des nappes de tissu, mais en tout état de cause doit conserver son importante capacité d'allongement, tandis que l'augmentation de l'épaisseur du film réduit le trajet de l'onde longitudinale et se traduit par une profondeur de pénétration du projectile plus importante; d'autre part, un film épais augmente l'emprisonnement des fils, ce que limite leur pouvoir d'allongement en concentre la contrainte dans la zone d'impact, les fils étant davantage soumis à un cisaillement. D'ailleurs, on sait également que l'onde longitudinale est d'autant plus réfléchie que le nombre de fils en chaîne et en trame est réduit; or, les composantes de l'onde réfléchie se superposent aux composantes de l'onde initiale et rompent les fils dans la zone d'impact, si l'amplitude dépasse la résistance des fils en ce point; par conséquent, plus la réflextion de l'onde est faible, plus grande est l'énergie absorbée par les fils à proximité de l'impact.Regarding the thickness of the elastomeric wire and its mechanical properties, both of them define essential conditions for the shielding performance. In fact, a film having a low adhesion power, for example of the order of approximately 5.10 2 N / m at 29 · 10 2 N / m, allows the delamination of the sheets of fabric, but in any event must retain its significant elongation capacity, while increasing the thickness of the film reduces the path of the longitudinal wave and results in a greater penetration depth of the projectile; on the other hand, a thick film increases the imprisonment of the wires, which limits their elongation power concentrates the stress in the impact zone, the wires being more subjected to shearing. Moreover, we also know that the longitudinal wave is all the more reflected as the number of warp and weft threads is reduced; however, the components of the reflected wave are superimposed on the components of the initial wave and break the wires in the impact zone, if the amplitude exceeds the resistance of the wires at this point; therefore, the lower the reflection of the wave, the greater the energy absorbed by the wires near the impact.

Pour cela, l'épaisseur du film doit être avantageusement comprise entre 0,01 et 0,018 mm, ce qui représente un pourcentage en poids par rapport au poids total du matériau employé comprise entre 7 et 15%.For this, the thickness of the film must advantageously be between 0.01 and 0.018 mm, which represents a percentage by weight relative to the total weight of the material used between 7 and 15%.

Son module à 100% est compris entre 10" N/m2 et 5.108 N/m 2 . Its 100% modulus is between 10 "N / m 2 and 5.10 8 N / m 2 .

L'élastomère du film est en outre avantageusement formulé de manière à présenter des propriétés d'ignifugation.The film elastomer is further advantageously formulated so as to exhibit flame retardant properties.

L'épaisseur de chacune desdites couches intermédiaires textiles de chaque couche composite qui intervient dans la constitution d'un module souple selon l'invention est, de préférence, d'environ 0,35 mm avant l'opération d'adhérisation de la couche textile, de part et d'autre, aux films élastomères.The thickness of each of said textile intermediate layers of each composite layer which is involved in the constitution of a flexible module according to the invention is preferably about 0.35 mm before the operation of adhering the textile layer , on both sides, to elastomeric films.

Evidemment, après les opérations d'adhérisation et de vulcanisation, l'épaisseur des couches textiles diminue.Obviously, after the bonding and vulcanization operations, the thickness of the textile layers decreases.

En ce que concerne la vulcanisation des modules conformes à l'invention, celle-ci a lieu, à la différence des procédés connus pour les blindages rigides et semi-rigides, sous faible pression, notamment inférieure à environ 29.104 Pa (=2,9 bar), et à haute température, notamment comprise entre 150 et 170°C, ce qui implique également un temps de maintien court.As regards the vulcanization of the modules according to the invention, this takes place, unlike the known methods for rigid and semi-rigid shields, under low pressure, in particular less than about 29.10 4 Pa (= 2, 9 bar), and at high temperature, in particular between 150 and 170 ° C, which also implies a short holding time.

Bien que le blindage selon l'invention trouve rarement une application lorsqu'il est utilisé seul, par contre, grâce à sa modularité, il peut apporter un complément de protection à un élément existant, comme par exemple une tôle de carrosserie, ou même à un blindage métallique à haute dureté.Although the shielding according to the invention rarely finds an application when used alone, on the other hand, thanks to its modularity, it can provide additional protection to an existing element, such as for example a body sheet, or even to high hardness metallic shielding.

Il est aussi bien connu que l'association de l'acier au "KEVLAR" réduit la pénétration d'un projectile. Toutefois, il est possible d'améliorer la performance d'un tel ensemble par certaines dispositions dans l'assemblage de ces éléments.It is also well known that the association of steel with "KEVLAR" reduces the penetration of a projectile. However, it is possible to improve the performance of such an assembly by certain arrangements in the assembly of these elements.

En effet, des essais réalisés avec une protection primaire (tôle de faible épaisseur de 0,5 à 1 mm en acier doux destiné à l'emboutissage) associée sans collage aux modules conformes à l'invention, démontrent que cet ensemble offre un pouvoir d'arrêt inférieur, comparativement aux ensembles dont les dispositifs sont fortement collés.Indeed, tests carried out with a primary protection (thin sheet of 0.5 to 1 mm in mild steel intended for stamping) associated without bonding to the modules according to the invention, demonstrate that this assembly offers a power of 'lower stop, compared to assemblies whose devices are strongly bonded.

A ce propos, quelques explications peuvent être fournies, à savoir:

  • . dans l'absence de collage, lorsqu'un projectile impacte la partie métallique, une partie de l'onde longitudinale se diffuse à grande vitesse dans la tôle sans être freinée, ce qui réduit les contraintes dans le module primaire;
  • . lorsque la tôle est fortement collée sur le blindage souple et modulaire selon l'invention, elle résiste fortement à l'avancement du projectile, qui est ainsi ralenti; le blindage souple subit alors une déformation importante qui tend à mieux répartir la contrainte dans les fils, tandis que la déformation de la tôle charge les fils du module primaire dans une zone plus importante.
In this regard, some explanations can be provided, namely:
  • . in the absence of bonding, when a projectile impacts the metal part, part of the longitudinal wave diffuses at high speed in the sheet without being braked, which reduces the stresses in the primary module;
  • . when the sheet is strongly bonded to the flexible and modular shielding according to the invention, it strongly resists the advancement of the projectile, which is thus slowed down; the flexible shield then undergoes a significant deformation which tends to better distribute the stress in the wires, while the deformation of the sheet loads the wires of the primary module in a larger area.

Pour bénéficier des avantages du collage, la colle de liaison entre les modules superposés doit avir une bonne adhérence, notamment de l'order de 49·102 N/m, et un pouvoir d'allongement suffisant pour absorber une partie de l'énergie cinétique. A cet effet, un bon compromis est trouvé avec une colle dont le taux de réticulant est comprise entre 1 et 20.To benefit from the advantages of bonding, the bonding adhesive between the superimposed modules must have good adhesion, in particular of the order of 49 · 10 2 N / m, and a sufficient elongation power to absorb part of the energy. kinetic. To this end, a good compromise is found with an adhesive whose crosslinking rate is between 1 and 20.

A titre d'exemple non limitatif sont indiquées ci-après, sous forme de diagramme, certaines des compositions possibles du dispositif de blindage modulaire selon l'invention utilisé seul et en coopération avec une tôle d'acier collée en face avant, cette tôle étant d'épaisseur différente et simulant par exemple la tôle de la carrosserie d'un véhicule automobile.

Figure imgb0001
By way of nonlimiting example are indicated below, in diagram form, some of the possible compositions of the modular shielding device according to the invention used alone and in cooperation with a steel sheet bonded on the front face, this sheet being of different thickness and simulating for example the sheet metal of the body of a motor vehicle.
Figure imgb0001

La composition A se réfère au cas où en face avant est collée une tôle dont l'épaisseur est comprise entre 1 et 1,2 mm et la composition B concerne le cas où en face avant est collée une tôle dont l'épaisseur se situe entre 0,5 et 0,7 mm, tandis que la composition C est relative à l'absence de tôle en face avant.Composition A refers to the case where on the front face is glued a sheet whose thickness is between 1 and 1.2 mm and composition B relates to the case where on the front face is glued a sheet whose thickness is between 0.5 and 0.7 mm, while composition C relates to the absence of sheet metal on the front face.

Sur l'axe vertical de gauche est indiqué le nombre de couches composites qui interviennent dans la composition de chacun des modules, dont est constitué le dispositif de blindage.On the left vertical axis is indicated the number of composite layers involved in the composition of each of the modules, of which the shielding device is made.

Dans chaque cas il est possible d'arrêter un projectile 9 mm blindé (il s'agit d'un projectile en forme d'ogive, avec un noyau en plomb et une chemise en cuivre) ayant un poids de 8,1 g, une vitesse de 380 m/sec, l'arme utilisée ayant une longueur de 6" (≅15,24 cm).In each case it is possible to stop a 9 mm armored projectile (it is a projectile in the shape of a warhead, with a lead core and a copper jacket) having a weight of 8.1 g, a speed of 380 m / sec, the weapon used having a length of 6 "(≅15.24 cm).

Les rectangles hachurés se référent aux modules dont l'armature textile en "KEVLAR" présente un titrage de 3300 dtex, tandis que les rectangles non hachurés se rapportent aux modules dont l'armature textile en "KEVLAR" présente un titrage de 1100 dtex. Sur le sommet de chaque rectangle est indiquée la masse totale du dispositif en kg/m2, tandis que à l'intérieur de chaque rectangle est indiquée la masse en kg/m2 de chacun des modules correspondants dont se compose le dispositif de blindage.The hatched rectangles refer to modules whose textile frame in "KEVLAR" has a titration of 3300 dtex, while the non-hatched rectangles refer to modules whose textile frame in "KEVLAR" has a titration of 1100 dtex. On the top of each rectangle is indicated the total mass of the device in kg / m 2 , while inside each rectangle is indicated the mass in kg / m 2 of each of the corresponding modules of which the shielding device is made up.

En résumant ce qui précède, il est donc clair que:

  • -le cas A correspond à un dispositif ayant une masse au m2 de 3,3 kg/m2 et constituée par un module:
  • . qui comporte 10 couches composites;
  • . dont l'armature textile a un titrage de 1100 dtex;
  • . dont la masse au M 2 est de 3,3 kg/m2; et
  • . qui coopère en face avant avec une tôle de 1 à 1,2 mm;
  • -le cas B corresond à un dispositif ayant une masse au m2 de 4,75 kg/M 2 et constitué par:
  • . un module primaire en face avant:
  • -qui comporte 15-5=10 couches composites;
  • -dont l'armature textile a un titrage de 1100 dtex;
  • -dont la masse au m2 est de 3,3 kg/m2; et
  • . un module secondaire en face arrière:
  • -qui comporte 5 couches composites;
  • -dont l'armature textile a un titrage de 3300 dtex;
  • -dont la masse au M 2 est de 3,3 kg/m2; et qui coopère en face avant avec une tôle de 0,5 à 0,7 mm;
  • -le cas C correspond à un dispositif ayant une masse au m2 de 6 kg/m2 et consituté par:
  • . un module primaire en face avant:
  • -qui comporte 20-15=5 couches composites;
  • -dont l'armature textile a un titrage de 1100 dtex;
  • -dont la masse au m2 est de 1,65 kg/m2; et
  • . un module secondaire en face arrière:
  • -qui comporte 15 couches composites;
  • -dont l'armature textile a un titrage de 3300 dtex;
  • -dont la masse au m2 est de 4,35 kg/m2;
  • ce dernier dispositif étant utilisé seul, à savoir sans tôle en face avant.
Summarizing the above, it is therefore clear that:
  • -the case A corresponds to a device having a mass per m 2 of 3.3 kg / m 2 and constituted by a module:
  • . which has 10 composite layers;
  • . whose textile reinforcement has a titration of 1100 dtex;
  • . whose mass per M 2 is 3.3 kg / m 2 ; and
  • . which cooperates on the front face with a sheet of 1 to 1.2 mm;
  • - Case B corresponds to a device having a mass per m 2 of 4.75 kg / M 2 and consisting of:
  • . a primary module on the front panel:
  • -which has 15-5 = 10 composite layers;
  • -of which the textile reinforcement has a titration of 1100 dtex;
  • -whose mass per m 2 is 3.3 kg / m 2 ; and
  • . a secondary module on the rear panel:
  • -which has 5 composite layers;
  • -whose textile reinforcement has a titration of 3300 dtex;
  • -whose mass by M 2 is 3.3 kg / m 2 ; and which cooperates on the front face with a sheet of 0.5 to 0.7 mm;
  • -case C corresponds to a device with a mass per m 2 of 6 kg / m 2 and constituted by:
  • . a primary module on the front panel:
  • -which has 20-15 = 5 composite layers;
  • -of which the textile reinforcement has a titration of 1100 dtex;
  • -whose mass per m 2 is 1.65 kg / m 2 ; and
  • . a secondary module on the rear panel:
  • -which has 15 composite layers;
  • -whose textile reinforcement has a titration of 3300 dtex;
  • -whose mass per m 2 is 4.35 kg / m 2 ;
  • the latter device being used alone, namely without sheet metal on the front face.

Or, étant donné que les exemples de compositions et les combinaisons peuvent être multipliées à l'infini, il est clair que l'intérêt des compositions et des combinaisons qui viennent d'être décrits réside dans le fait qu'elles montrent certaines des solutions possibles pour arrêter un projectile donné dans des circonstances données.Now, given that the examples of compositions and combinations can be multiplied infinitely, it is clear that the advantage of the compositions and combinations which have just been described lies in the fact that they show some of the possible solutions. to stop a given projectile under given circumstances.

Une variante de la solution décrite précédemment, et applicable aux armes de faible et moyenne puissances (classes 1 à III), trouve application pour les éclats à haut vitesse.A variant of the solution described above, and applicable to low and medium power weapons (classes 1 to III), finds application for high speed flashes.

Dans le cadre de la présente invention, on entend par classes I, Il et III les classes se rapportant aux projectiles propulsés par des armes de poing, dont les vitesses vont d'environ 280 m/sec dans la classe 1 jusqu'à environ 540 m/ sec dans la classe III.In the context of the present invention, by classes I, II and III is meant the classes relating to projectiles propelled by handguns, the speeds of which range from approximately 280 m / sec in class 1 to approximately 540 m / sec in class III.

Il est bien connu que le "KEVLAR" ne peut pas être utilisé seul pour des projectiles à très haute vitesse, à savoir situés au-delà de ladite classe III. En effet, au-delà de 500 à 550 m/sec, la matière ne subit qu'une contrainte de cisaillement, l'augmentation de la masse de matière utilisée ne se traduisant pas par une réduction proportionnelle de la vitesse.It is well known that the "KEVLAR" cannot be used alone for very high speed projectiles, ie located beyond said class III. Indeed, beyond 500 to 550 m / sec, the material undergoes only a shear stress, the increase in the mass of material used does not result in a proportional reduction in speed.

Or, le "KEVLAR" freine facilement les éclats de faible masse à grande vitesse, mais il freine insuffisamment les éclats de masse plus importants à faible vitesse.However, the "KEVLAR" easily brakes low mass bursts at high speed, but it insufficiently brakes larger mass bursts at low speed.

La solution qui est adoptée dans le cadre de la présente invention, pour pallier à cet inconvénient consiste à former des modules souples constitués chacun d'une pluralité de couches composites (ou plis) du type susdit coopérant chacune avec un feuillard métallique de très faible épaisseur qui suit la couche composite correspondante en regardant dans le sens opposé à celui de propagation des projectiles ou d'éjection des fragments et qui est lui aussi adhérisé, comme ladite couche textile, de part et d'autre, à un film élastomère de très faible épaisseur, les différentes couches composite ainsi réalisées étant solidarisées entre elles par vulcanisation et leur nombre étant fonction du degré de souplesse voulu pour chaque module. Dans ce cas, la meilleure performance balistique est obtenue avec un module dont le titrage minimum de l'armure textile en "KEVLAR" est de 1100 dtex, le nombre de fils en chaîne et en trame étant élevé et de toutes façons au minimum égal à 10,5 avec une résistance à la rupture égale ou supérieure à 186-103 N/m en chaîne et en trame, tandis que le feuillard métallique, notamment constitué par un feuillard d'acier à haute résistance, présente une épaisseur très faible, de préférence comprise entre 0,03 et 0,1 mm-ce qui contribue à conserver la nécessaire caractéristique de souplesse aussi à la variante en question-et une résistance à la rupture qui est supérieure à 4905.105 Pa (=4905 bar) ainsi qu'une dureté Rockwell B qui est égale ou supérieure à 76. En ce que concerne le film élastomère, celui-ci présente des caractéristiques identiques à celles du module sans feuillard métallique.The solution which is adopted in the context of the present invention, to overcome this drawback consists in forming flexible modules each consisting of a plurality of composite layers (or plies) of the above type each cooperating with a very thin metal strip which follows the corresponding composite layer looking in the opposite direction to that of projectile propagation or ejection of the fragments and which is also adhered, like said textile layer, on either side, to an elastomeric film of very low thickness, the various composite layers thus produced being joined together by vulcanization and their number being a function of the degree of flexibility desired for each module. In this case, the best ballistic performance is obtained with a module whose minimum titration of the textile weave in "KEVLAR" is 1100 dtex, the number of threads in warp and weft being high and in any case at least equal to 10.5 with a breaking strength of 186-10 3 N / m or more in warp and weft, while the metal strip, in particular consisting of a high-strength steel strip, has a very low thickness, preferably between 0.03 and 0.1 mm-which helps to maintain the necessary flexibility characteristic also to the variant in question-and a breaking strength which is greater than 4905.10 5 Pa (= 4905 bar) as well as 'A Rockwell B hardness which is equal to or greater than 76. As far as the elastomeric film is concerned, it has characteristics identical to those of the module without metallic strip.

Or, la performance aux éclats s'explique par l'onde longitudinale mieux diffusée dans le métal, ce qui a pour effet de répartir les contraintes plus uniformément. D'autre part, les feuillards, comme dans le cas d'une tôle placée uniquement en face avant, subissent des déformations successives qui ralentissent considérablement la vitesse et la pénétration de l'éclat.However, the splinter performance is explained by the longitudinal wave better diffused in the metal, which has the effect of distributing the stresses more evenly. On the other hand, the strips, as in the case of a sheet placed only on the front face, undergo successive deformations which considerably slow down the speed and the penetration of the chip.

Claims (11)

1. Device for protecting a structure, formed more particularly by a motor vehicle, against the impact of projectiles and fragments or splinters from explosions, having a flexible statified structure with a plurality of superimposed composite layers, each composite layer comprising an intermediate textile layer which is made more particularly from organic aromatic polyamide fibres and which is adhered, i.e. intimately bonded, on each side, to a binder film, which device is characterized in that said binder is elastomer and that said structure forms a flexible module for cooperating with at least one other module of the same type to which it is fixed by bonding, for application to any support, whether metal or not, curved or not.
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of said composite layers is between 5 and 20 and preferably between 5 and 10.
3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that each thin elastomer film bonded on each side with respect to each textile layer has a thickness between 0.01 and 0.018 mm and an adhesive strength between about 5.102 N/m and 29.102 N/ m, and the percentage by weight of elastomer product used in a given module is between 7% and 15% of the total weight of the module.
4. Device according to claim 1, characterized if that the binder for connecting one module to the module which precedes it, considered in the direction opposite that of propagation of the projectiles or ejection of fragments, or directly to said support, is of the type having a sufficient power of elongation to absorb a part of the kineric impact energy and good adhesive strength, particularly about 49.102 N/m, i.e. an appropriate cross-linking agent ratio, preferably between 1 and 20.
5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of modules of said type, at least one intermediate module of which comprises said textile layers made from fibres having a tear strength and a number of warp and weft threads which are lower with respect to at least a module which precedes it, considered in the direction opposite that of propagation of the projectiles or ejection of fragments, but which are higher with respect to at least one module which follows it, if that exists.
6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the device comprises at least one so-called primary module, which is exposed to the projectiles or fragments and at least one so-called secondary module which follows it, considered in the direction opposite that of propagation of the projectiles or ejection of fragments, which primary module has a yarn count between 1100 and 1680 dtex, a number of warp and weft threads equal to or greater than 10.5 and a warp and weft tear strength equal to or greater than 186.103 N/m, whereas the secondary module has a yarn count between 1680 and 3300 dtex, a number of warp and weft threads equal to or greater than 3.7 and a warp and weft tear strength equal to or greater than 137.103 N/m.
7. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a plurality of modules of said type, each of which as a yarn count between 1100 and 1680 dtex, a number of warp and weft threads equal to or greater than 10.5 and a warp and weft tear strength equal to or greater than 186.103 N/m.
8. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, particularly when it is to provide protection against high speed splinters, said flexible module or modules are each formed of a plurality of composite layers of said type each cooperating with a metal sheet of very small thickness which follows the corresponding composite layer, considered in the direction opposite that of propagation of the projectiles or ejection of fragments, and which is also bonded, like said textile layer, on each side to an elastomer film of very small thickness, the different composite layers thus formed being secured together by vulcanization and their number depending on the desired degree of flexibility for each module.
9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the metal sheets have a thickness preferably between 0.03 and 0.1 mm, a tear strength greater than or equal to 4905.105Pa (-4905 bars) and a Rockwell B hardness equal to or greater than 76, each module having a minimum yarn count of 1100 dtex, a number of warp and weft threads at the minimum equal to 10.5 with a warp and weft tear strength equal to or greater than 186.103 N/m.
10. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the elastomer film has fireproof properties.
11. Method of protecting a structure against the impacts of projectiles and fragments or splinters from explosions by bonding-coating same by means of the flexible modular device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, each module being previously treated at high temperature, depending on the nature of the fibres and of the binder, particularly between 150°C and 170°C, characterized in that each module is continuously vulcanized at a low pressure, less than about 29.104 Pa (=2.9 bar) with short holding times.
EP19860402106 1985-09-27 1986-09-25 Malleable modular car armour Expired - Lifetime EP0221794B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR8514343A FR2588073B1 (en) 1985-09-27 1985-09-27 FLEXIBLE AND MODULAR SHIELDING DEVICE
FR8514343 1985-09-27

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EP0221794A1 EP0221794A1 (en) 1987-05-13
EP0221794B1 true EP0221794B1 (en) 1990-08-29

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CA (1) CA1277528C (en)
DE (2) DE3673758D1 (en)
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FR (1) FR2588073B1 (en)

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Also Published As

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US4738893A (en) 1988-04-19
EP0221794A1 (en) 1987-05-13
FR2588073A1 (en) 1987-04-03
DE221794T1 (en) 1987-11-26
CA1277528C (en) 1990-12-11
DE3673758D1 (en) 1990-10-04
FR2588073B1 (en) 1989-08-04
ES2001306A6 (en) 1988-05-01

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