EP0219486A1 - Shield-tunnelling machine - Google Patents

Shield-tunnelling machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0219486A1
EP0219486A1 EP86890246A EP86890246A EP0219486A1 EP 0219486 A1 EP0219486 A1 EP 0219486A1 EP 86890246 A EP86890246 A EP 86890246A EP 86890246 A EP86890246 A EP 86890246A EP 0219486 A1 EP0219486 A1 EP 0219486A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shield
support
axis
machine according
arms
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86890246A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0219486B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Dipl.Ing. Kogler
Berthold Dipl.Ing. Scheiber
Martin Wulf
Herwig Ing. Wrulich
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Voestalpine AG
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Voestalpine AG
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Publication of EP0219486A1 publication Critical patent/EP0219486A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1006—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools
    • E21D9/1013—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools on a tool-carrier supported by a movable boom
    • E21D9/102—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools on a tool-carrier supported by a movable boom by a longitudinally extending boom being pivotable about a vertical and a transverse axis
    • E21D9/1026—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools on a tool-carrier supported by a movable boom by a longitudinally extending boom being pivotable about a vertical and a transverse axis the tool-carrier being rotated about a transverse axis
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
    • E21D9/0875—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shield boring machine with cutting tools mounted on cantilever arms which are rotatable about an axis running approximately in the direction of advance and pivotable transversely to this axis.
  • a shield tunneling machine of the type mentioned at the outset can be found, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,248,481.
  • a plurality of cutter arms are supported on the outside of a central tube, each of these cutter arms having a separate drive.
  • On the outside of the central tube there is provided a toothed ring running in the circumferential direction, with which pinion of the drive motors mesh on slides guided in the circumferential direction, to which the cutting arms are articulated.
  • the central tube represents a carrier for the working movements of the cutter arms.
  • the invention now aims to provide a device of the type mentioned, which achieves a high degree of stability with little design effort. Furthermore, the invention aims to provide a device with which, even in the case of shields which are chamfered on the front, it is possible to cut or break close to the front edge of the shield without complex control mechanisms.
  • the invention Device essentially characterized in that a carrier is guided and mounted displaceably in the axial direction of the shield on the inner circumference of the shield, that a rotary drive is provided on the carrier for supporting the cantilever arms and that the cantilever arms and the pivot drive thereof are articulated on the support.
  • a carrier is guided and mounted displaceably in the axial direction of the shield on the inner circumference of the shield, a stable construction can be created, which has only a small space requirement within the shield.
  • This carrier is supported directly on the shield and can therefore easily absorb large forces.
  • the rotary drive for supporting the cantilever arms is now provided on this carrier, the cantilever arms and the pivoting drive thereof being articulated on the support itself. This results in a structurally very simple configuration in which the entire area of the working face can be coated with a small number of cutting arms, preferably two mushroom-shaped cutting heads being arranged on each extension arm, which can be rotated about a crosswise to the longitudinal axis of the arms.
  • the arrangement of a rotatable support on a carrier now offers the possibility of tilting the axis of rotation of the support to the longitudinal axis of the shield or of mounting it in a tiltable manner, as in a preferred embodiment of the invention. Due to the inclination of the support, the geometry of the swiveling movement of the cutting arms can be adjusted in such a way that a collision with the front edge of the shield is avoided with certainty, even if the front edge of the shield does not connect vertically to the sole in axial section.
  • the bearing and the drive can be released in a particularly simple manner if the support of the cantilever arms is designed as a plate which is normal to the axis of rotation and which is rigidly connected to the drive shaft.
  • Such a support plate can be stored in a simple manner so that the Cutting forces are absorbed with certainty, for which purpose the drive shaft preferably passes through a bearing plate, preferably pivotable transversely to the longitudinal axis of the shield, which has the radial and axial bearings of the drive shaft or of the support. In this way, the inclination and adaptation to the geometry of the front edge of the sign is easily possible.
  • the drive itself can be kept free from all cutting forces and be formed by relatively small-sized motors, for which purpose the drive is preferably formed by motors supported on the bearing plate, the pinions of which mesh with a gearwheel that is non-rotatably and coaxially coupled to the drive shaft.
  • the gearwheel which is non-rotatably and coaxially coupled to the drive shaft, can be arranged in a housing which is supported on the bearing plate. If necessary, a reduction gear can be arranged within this housing, but with the particularly simple design, in which the pinions of the drive motors mesh with the central gearwheel, a relatively high reduction is achieved in one step.
  • the design is advantageously made such that the plate-shaped support has side cheeks which run essentially parallel to the radial direction and on which the swivel axes of the extension arms are mounted. In this way, a support with high stability and relatively low weight is also formed, since the side walls stiffen the support.
  • the pivot axes of the cantilever arms can advantageously perpendicularly cross the longitudinal axis of the shield, so that concentric circles are cut when the support is rotated for a given pivot position of the cantilever arms.
  • the propulsion takes place as in known ones Partial cutting machines essentially in the direction of the axis of rotation of the cutting heads, and all the advantages achieved by partial cutting machines of this type can also be achieved with the shield driving machine.
  • the articulation axes of the cutter arms on the support lie outside the axis of rotation and to achieve an essentially largely flat mounting front, the radial distances of the pivot axes from the axis of rotation of the support are advantageously different for different extension arms.
  • the swivel angle of the two cutter arms can be set so that the cutter arm pivotable about a pivot axis closer to the axis of rotation essentially cuts the central area of the working face, whereas the cutter arm pivotably mounted at a greater radial distance from the axis of rotation of the support an outer washer of the front shamed.
  • the design is advantageously made such that the plane spanned by the geometric longitudinal axis of at least one cantilever arm when pivoting the same lies at least at a distance from the axis of rotation of the support which corresponds to half the free distance between the heads of this cantilever arm.
  • the cutting arm offset laterally in the axial view is preferably that cutting arm whose pivot axis is closer to the axis of rotation of the support, since this cutting arm preferably cuts the central area of the working face.
  • the inclination of the bearing plate can be adjusted in a simple manner by means of a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit, the axis of rotation of the support preferably being set so that it is normal to the straight line resulting from the vertical longitudinal section of the plate by connecting the upper edge to the lower edge stands.
  • a particularly simple construction results if the two extension arms are arranged on the support so that their swivel areas overlap one another on the working face.
  • FIG. 1 shows a front view of a shield tunneling machine in the direction of arrow I of FIG. 2, and FIG. 2 shows an axial section through the device according to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows a shield 1 which is positioned in a tunnel in a conventional manner.
  • bearing blocks 3 On the inner circumference 2 of the shield 1, bearing blocks 3 are provided, in which a carrier 4 is slidably mounted in the axial direction of the shield 1.
  • the displacement drive is secured by hydraulic cylinder-piston units, the points of engagement of which are indicated schematically by 5.
  • a support 9 is rotatably mounted about an axis 8 and is essentially plate-shaped.
  • the support 9 also has side walls 10, on which the pivot axes 11 and 12 of claw arms are mounted.
  • the cutter arms are designated by 13 and 14 and carry at their free ends about cutter heads 15 which are rotatably mounted transversely to the longitudinal axis of the respective cutter arms 13, 14.
  • Hydraulic cylinder-piston units 16 and 17 are provided for the swivel drive of the cutting arms 13, 14.
  • the support 9 is supported on a bearing plate 18.
  • the support 9 is non-rotatably connected to a shaft 19 passing through the bearing plate 18.
  • the support 9 is supported on the bearing plate via axial bearing 20 so that the cutting forces can be safely absorbed by the bearing plate.
  • the bearing plate 18 also carries the radial bearings 21.
  • the drive shaft 19 for the support 9 carries at its free end a further disk, not shown, arranged within a housing 22 and having external teeth.
  • the drive is ensured by motors 23, in the case shown three motors 23 being provided in the circumferential direction of the central gearwheel containing inside the housing 22, the pinions of which mesh with this ring gear.
  • the bearing disk 18 can be adjusted in its inclination by means of the cylinder-piston unit 24.
  • the articulation point 5 already shown in FIG. 1 for the displacement of the carrier 4 is connected to a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit 25.
  • the front edge 26 of the shield 1 is chamfered in axial section.
  • the bearing plate 18 is now adjusted by actuating the hydraulic cylinder-piston unit 24 so that in the section of the illustration according to FIG. 2 it runs essentially parallel to the connecting straight line between the upper edge 27 and the lower edge 28 of the front edge 26 of the shield.
  • the axis of rotation 29 is inclined to the longitudinal axis 30 of the shield and is essentially normal to this connecting straight line of the edges 27 and 28.
  • the pivot axis of the cutter arm 14, which is designated by 12, is closer to the axis of rotation than the pivot axis 11 of the cutter arm or the extension arm 13.
  • the cutter arm 13 By pivoting the cutter arm 13 after actuation of the hydraulic cylinder-piston unit 16, the cutter arm 13 in the position 13 'arrive.
  • the non-pivoted cutter arm 13 By rotating the support about the axis of rotation 29, the non-pivoted cutter arm 13 reaches a position 13 '', whereas the cutter arm pivoted into position 13 'can reach position 13'''.
  • a pivoting into the position 14 ' is possible for the second cutting arm 14 by actuating the hydraulic cylinder-piston unit 17'.
  • the shield is added in a known manner, for which separate shield back cylinders are provided, the connection points of which are schematically indicated by 31.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

Eine Schildvortriebsmaschine mit an um eine ungefähr in Vortriebsrichtung verlaufende Achse drehbaren und quer zu dieser Achse schwenkbaren Auslegerarmen (13, 14) rotierbar gelagerten Schneidwerkzeugen (15) weist einen in axialer Richtung des Schildes (1) geführten und gelagerten Träger (4) auf. Am Träger (4) ist ein Drehantrieb (22, 23) für einen Support (9) der Auslegerarme (13, 14) vorgesehen und die Auslegerarme (13, 14) sowie ihr Schwenkantrieb (16, 17) sind am Support (9) angelenkt.A shield boring machine with cutting tools (15) mounted rotatably about an axis running approximately in the direction of advance and pivotable transversely to this axis has a carrier (4) which is guided and supported in the axial direction of the shield (1). A rotary drive (22, 23) for supporting (9) the cantilever arms (13, 14) is provided on the carrier (4) and the cantilever arms (13, 14) and their swivel drive (16, 17) are articulated on the support (9) .

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Schildvortriebsmaschine mit an um eine ungefähr in Vortriebsrichtung verlaufende Achse drehbaren und quer zu dieser Achse schwenkbaren Auslegerarmen rotierbar gelagerten Schneidwerkzeugen.The invention relates to a shield boring machine with cutting tools mounted on cantilever arms which are rotatable about an axis running approximately in the direction of advance and pivotable transversely to this axis.

Eine Schildvortriebsmaschine der eingangs genannten Art ist beispielsweise der US-PS 4 248 481 zu entnehmen. Bei dieser bekannten Ausbildung sind eine Mehrzahl von Schrämarmen an der Außenseite eines zentrischen Rohres abgestützt, wobei jeder dieser Schrämarme über einen gesonderten Antrieb verfügt. An der Außenseite des zentralen Rohres ist hiebei ein in Umfangsrichtung verlaufender Zahnkranz vorgesehen, mit welchem Ritzel der Antriebsmotoren auf in Umfangsrichtung geführten Schlitten, an welchen die Schrämarme angelenkt sind, kämmen. Das zentrale Rohr stellt auf diese Weise einen Träger für die Arbeitsbewegungen der Schrämarme dar. Bedingt durch die rohrförmige Gestalt wird aber der Schwenkwinkel von Schrämarmen, welche an der Außenseite des Rohres festgelegt sind, zum Zentrum hin begrenzt und es müssen weiters die Schrämkräfte alle von der Führung der Verschiebebahn der Schlitten, an welchen die Schrämarme gelagert sind, aufge­nommen werden. Bei dieser bekannten Konstruktion ist inner­halb des hohlen zentrischen Rohres ein weiterer schwenkbarer Schrämarm angeordnet, welcher zusätzlich rotierbar gelagert ist.A shield tunneling machine of the type mentioned at the outset can be found, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,248,481. In this known design, a plurality of cutter arms are supported on the outside of a central tube, each of these cutter arms having a separate drive. On the outside of the central tube there is provided a toothed ring running in the circumferential direction, with which pinion of the drive motors mesh on slides guided in the circumferential direction, to which the cutting arms are articulated. In this way, the central tube represents a carrier for the working movements of the cutter arms. Due to the tubular shape, however, the swivel angle of cutter arms, which are fixed on the outside of the tube, is limited towards the center and the cutting forces must also all of the Guiding the sliding path of the sled, on which the cutting arms are mounted. In this known construction, a further pivotable cutter arm is arranged within the hollow central tube, which is additionally rotatably mounted.

Die Erfindung zielt nun darauf ab, eine Einrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, welche bei konstruktiv geringem Aufwand ein hohes Maß an Stabilität erreicht. Weiters zielt die Erfindung darauf ab, eine Einrichtung zu schaffen, mit welcher auch bei frontseitig abgeschrägten Schilden ohne aufwendige Steuermechanismen bis nahe an die Vorderkante des Schildes geschrämt bzw. gebrochen werden kann. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung im wesentlichen dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Träger in axialer Richtung des Schildes verschieblich am Innenumfang des Schildes geführt und gelagert ist, daß am Träger ein Drehantrieb für einen Support der Auslegerarme vorgesehen ist und daß die Auslegerarme sowie der Schwenk­antrieb derselben am Support angelenkt sind. Dadurch, daß ein Träger in axialer Richtung des Schildes verschieblich am inneren Umfang des Schildes geführt und gelagert ist, läßt sich eine stabile Konstruktion schaffen, welche innerhalb des Schildes nur einen geringen Platzbedarf hat. Dieser Träger stützt sich unmittelbar am Schild ab und kann daher ohne weiteres große Kräfte aufnehmen. An diesem Träger sind nun erfindungsgemäß der Drehantrieb für einen Support der Auslegerarme vorgesehen, wobei die Auslegerarme sowie der Schwenkantrieb derselben am Support selbst angelenkt sind. Es ergibt sich somit eine konstruktiv sehr einfache Ausge­staltung, bei welcher mit einer geringen Anzahl von Schräm­armen der gesamte Bereich der Ortsbrust bestrichen werden kann, wobei vorzugsweise an jedem Auslegerarm zwei um eine quer zur Längsachse der Arme rotierbare, vorzugsweise pilz­förmige Schrämköpfe angeordnet sind.The invention now aims to provide a device of the type mentioned, which achieves a high degree of stability with little design effort. Furthermore, the invention aims to provide a device with which, even in the case of shields which are chamfered on the front, it is possible to cut or break close to the front edge of the shield without complex control mechanisms. To solve this problem is the invention Device essentially characterized in that a carrier is guided and mounted displaceably in the axial direction of the shield on the inner circumference of the shield, that a rotary drive is provided on the carrier for supporting the cantilever arms and that the cantilever arms and the pivot drive thereof are articulated on the support. Characterized in that a carrier is guided and mounted displaceably in the axial direction of the shield on the inner circumference of the shield, a stable construction can be created, which has only a small space requirement within the shield. This carrier is supported directly on the shield and can therefore easily absorb large forces. According to the invention, the rotary drive for supporting the cantilever arms is now provided on this carrier, the cantilever arms and the pivoting drive thereof being articulated on the support itself. This results in a structurally very simple configuration in which the entire area of the working face can be coated with a small number of cutting arms, preferably two mushroom-shaped cutting heads being arranged on each extension arm, which can be rotated about a crosswise to the longitudinal axis of the arms.

Die Anordnung eines drehbaren Supports an einem Träger bietet nun die Möglichkeit, die Drehachse des Supports zur Längs­achse des Schildes zu neigen bzw. neigbar zu lagern, wie dies einer bevorzugten Ausbildung der Erfindung entspricht. Durch die Neigung des Supportes läßt sich die Geometrie der Schwenkbewegung der Schrämarme so einstellen, daß eine Kollision mit dem vorderen Rand des Schildes mit Sicherheit vermieden wird, auch wenn der vordere Rand des Schildes im Axialschnitt nicht vertikal an die Sohle anschließt. In besonders einfacher Weise kann die Lagerung und der Antrieb dann gelöst werden, wenn der Support der Auslegerarme als auf die Drehachse normale Platte ausgebildet ist, welche mit der Antriebswelle starr verbunden ist. Eine derartige Support­platte läßt sich in einfacher Weise so lagern, daß die Schrämkräfte mit Sicherheit aufgenommen sind, wofür vorzugs­weise die Antriebswelle eine, vorzugsweise quer zur Längs­achse des Schildes schwenkbare Lagerplatte durchsetzt, welche die Radial- und Axiallagerung der Antriebswelle bzw. des Supports aufweist. Auf diese Weise ist auch die Neigbarkeit und Anpassung an die Geometrie der Vorderkante des Schildes ohne weiteres möglich. Der Antrieb selbst kann von allen Schrämkräften freigehalten werden und von relativ klein­bauenden Motoren gebildet sein, wofür vorzugsweise der Antrieb von an der Lagerplatte abgestützten Motoren gebildet ist, deren Ritzel mit einem mit der Antriebswelle drehfest und koaxial gekuppelten Zahnrad kämmen. Das mit der Antriebs­welle drehfest und koaxial gekuppelte Zahnrad kann hiebei in einem Gehäuse angeordnet sein, welches an der Lagerplatte abgestützt ist. Innerhalb dieses Gehäuses kann auch erforder­lichenfalls ein Untersetzungsgetriebe angeordnet sein, wobei jedoch bei der besonders einfachen Ausbildung, bei welcher die Ritzel der Antriebsmotoren mit dem zentralen Zahnrad kämmen, eine relativ hohe Untersetzung bereits in einer Stufe erzielt wird.The arrangement of a rotatable support on a carrier now offers the possibility of tilting the axis of rotation of the support to the longitudinal axis of the shield or of mounting it in a tiltable manner, as in a preferred embodiment of the invention. Due to the inclination of the support, the geometry of the swiveling movement of the cutting arms can be adjusted in such a way that a collision with the front edge of the shield is avoided with certainty, even if the front edge of the shield does not connect vertically to the sole in axial section. The bearing and the drive can be released in a particularly simple manner if the support of the cantilever arms is designed as a plate which is normal to the axis of rotation and which is rigidly connected to the drive shaft. Such a support plate can be stored in a simple manner so that the Cutting forces are absorbed with certainty, for which purpose the drive shaft preferably passes through a bearing plate, preferably pivotable transversely to the longitudinal axis of the shield, which has the radial and axial bearings of the drive shaft or of the support. In this way, the inclination and adaptation to the geometry of the front edge of the sign is easily possible. The drive itself can be kept free from all cutting forces and be formed by relatively small-sized motors, for which purpose the drive is preferably formed by motors supported on the bearing plate, the pinions of which mesh with a gearwheel that is non-rotatably and coaxially coupled to the drive shaft. The gearwheel, which is non-rotatably and coaxially coupled to the drive shaft, can be arranged in a housing which is supported on the bearing plate. If necessary, a reduction gear can be arranged within this housing, but with the particularly simple design, in which the pinions of the drive motors mesh with the central gearwheel, a relatively high reduction is achieved in one step.

Zur Lagerung der Schwenkachsen der Schrämarme ist die Aus­bildung in vorteilhafter Weise so getroffen, daß der platten­förmige Support im wesentlichen parallel zur radialen Rich­tung verlaufende Seitenwangen aufweist, an welchen die Schwenkachsen der Auslegerarme gelagert sind. Auf diese Wiese wird darüber hinaus ein Support mit hoher Stabilität und relativ geringem Gewicht gebildet, da die Seitenwangen eine Versteifung des Supportes bewirken. Die Schwenkachsen der Auslegerarme können in vorteilhafter Weise die Längsachse des Schildes senkrecht kreuzen, so daß bei einer vorgegebenen Schwenkstellung der Auslegerarme konzentrische Kreise bei Verdrehung des Supportes geschrämt werden. Bei der bevor­zugten Ausbildung, bei welcher jeweils zwei quer zur Längs­achse der Arme rotierbar gelagerte pilzförmige Schrämköpfe vorgesehen sind, erfolgt der Vortrieb wie bei bekannten Teilschnittschrämmaschinen im wesentlichen in Richtung der Rotationsachse der Schrämköpfe und es können alle Vorteile, wie sie durch Teilschnittschrämmaschinen dieser Bauart erzielt werden, auch bei der Schildvortriebsmaschine erzielt werden.To mount the swivel axes of the cutter arms, the design is advantageously made such that the plate-shaped support has side cheeks which run essentially parallel to the radial direction and on which the swivel axes of the extension arms are mounted. In this way, a support with high stability and relatively low weight is also formed, since the side walls stiffen the support. The pivot axes of the cantilever arms can advantageously perpendicularly cross the longitudinal axis of the shield, so that concentric circles are cut when the support is rotated for a given pivot position of the cantilever arms. In the preferred embodiment, in which two mushroom-shaped cutting heads rotatably mounted transversely to the longitudinal axis of the arms are provided, the propulsion takes place as in known ones Partial cutting machines essentially in the direction of the axis of rotation of the cutting heads, and all the advantages achieved by partial cutting machines of this type can also be achieved with the shield driving machine.

Die Anlenkachsen der Schrämarme am Support liegen hiebei jeweils außerhalb der Rotationsachse und zur Erzielung einer im wesentlichen weitgehend ebenen Aufbaufront sind mit Vorteil die radialen Abstände der Schwenkachsen von der Rotationsachse des Supportes für verschiedene Auslegerarme verschieden. Die Schwenkwinkel der beiden Schrämarme können hiebei so eingestellt sein, daß der um eine der Rotations­achse näher liegende Schwenkachse schwenkbare Schrämarm im wesentlichen den mittleren Bereich der Ortsbrust schrämt, wohingegen der auf größerem radialen Abstand von der Rota­tionsachse des Supportes schwenkbar gelagerte Schrämarm eine äußere Ringscheibe der Abbaufront schrämt.The articulation axes of the cutter arms on the support lie outside the axis of rotation and to achieve an essentially largely flat mounting front, the radial distances of the pivot axes from the axis of rotation of the support are advantageously different for different extension arms. The swivel angle of the two cutter arms can be set so that the cutter arm pivotable about a pivot axis closer to the axis of rotation essentially cuts the central area of the working face, whereas the cutter arm pivotably mounted at a greater radial distance from the axis of rotation of the support an outer washer of the front shamed.

Um sicherzustellen, daß mit einer derartigen Ausbildung, bei welcher naturgemäß zwischen den beiden quer zur Längsachse des Schrämarmes rotierbar gelagerten Schrämköpfen ein freier Raum verbleibt, in welchem nicht geschnitten oder gebrochen wird, auch der in der Rotationsachse liegende Teilbereich der Ortsbrust geschrämt werden kann, ist die Ausbildung in vorteilhafter Weise so getroffen, daß die von der geo­metrischen Längsachse wenigstens eines Auslegerarmes beim Verschwenken desselben aufgespannte Ebene wenigstens in einem Abstand von der Rotationsachse des Supportes liegt, welcher dem halben freien Abstand zwischen den Köpfen dieses Auslegerarmes entspricht. Der in der Achsansicht seitlich versetzte Schrämarm ist hiebei bevorzugt jener Schrämarm, dessen Schwenkachse näher der Rotationsachse des Supportes liegt, da ja mit diesem Schrämarm bevorzugt der mittlere Bereich der Ortsbrust geschrämt wird.In order to ensure that with such a design, in which naturally there remains a free space between the two cutting heads rotatably mounted transversely to the longitudinal axis of the cutting arm, in which no cutting or breaking, the partial area of the working face lying in the axis of rotation can also be cut the design is advantageously made such that the plane spanned by the geometric longitudinal axis of at least one cantilever arm when pivoting the same lies at least at a distance from the axis of rotation of the support which corresponds to half the free distance between the heads of this cantilever arm. The cutting arm offset laterally in the axial view is preferably that cutting arm whose pivot axis is closer to the axis of rotation of the support, since this cutting arm preferably cuts the central area of the working face.

Die Neigung der Lagerplatte kann in einfacher Weise durch ein hydraulisches Zylinder-Kolben-Aggregat verstellt werden, wobei die Rotationsachse des Supports bevorzugt so einge­stellt ist, daß sie normal auf die im vertikalen Längsschnitt des Schildes durch Verbinden der Oberkante mit der Unterkante desselben sich ergebende Gerade steht. Eine besonders ein­fache Konstruktion ergibt sich, wenn die zwei Auslegerarme am Support so angeordnet sind, daß ihre Schwenkbereiche einander an der Ortsbrust überlappen.The inclination of the bearing plate can be adjusted in a simple manner by means of a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit, the axis of rotation of the support preferably being set so that it is normal to the straight line resulting from the vertical longitudinal section of the plate by connecting the upper edge to the lower edge stands. A particularly simple construction results if the two extension arms are arranged on the support so that their swivel areas overlap one another on the working face.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert. In dieser zeigen: Fig. 1 eine Frontansicht auf eine Schild­vortriebsmaschine in Richtung des Pfeiles I der Fig. 2 und Fig. 2 einen Axialschnitt durch die Einrichtung nach Fig. 1.The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. 1 shows a front view of a shield tunneling machine in the direction of arrow I of FIG. 2, and FIG. 2 shows an axial section through the device according to FIG. 1.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Schild 1 dargestellt, welcher in kon­ventioneller Weise in einem Tunnel positioniert wird. Am Innenumfang 2 des Schildes 1 sind Lagerböcke 3 vorgesehen, in welchen ein Träger 4 in Achsrichtung des Schildes 1 verschieblich gelagert ist. Der Verschiebeantrieb wird durch hydraulische Zylinder-Kolben-Aggregate sichergesellt, deren Angriffsstellen schematisch mit 5 angedeutet sind.1 shows a shield 1 which is positioned in a tunnel in a conventional manner. On the inner circumference 2 of the shield 1, bearing blocks 3 are provided, in which a carrier 4 is slidably mounted in the axial direction of the shield 1. The displacement drive is secured by hydraulic cylinder-piston units, the points of engagement of which are indicated schematically by 5.

Am Grund des Schildes 1 ist eine Ladeeinrichtung 6 mit Hummerscherengreifern 7 vorgesehen, welche das geschrämte Material einer Abfördereinrichtung zuführen.At the base of the plate 1 there is a loading device 6 with lobster scissors grippers 7, which feed the cut material to a removal device.

Am Träger 4 ist um eine Achse 8 drehbar ein Support 9 ge­lagert, welcher im wesentlichen plattenförmig ausgebildet ist. Der Support 9 weist darüber hinaus Seitenwangen 10 auf, an welchen die Schwenkachsen 11 und 12 von Schrämarmen gelagert sind. Die Schrämarme sind mit 13 und 14 bezeichnet und tragen an ihren freien Enden um quer zur Längsachse der jeweiligen Schrämarme 13, 14 rotierbar gelagerte Schrämköpfe 15.On the carrier 4, a support 9 is rotatably mounted about an axis 8 and is essentially plate-shaped. The support 9 also has side walls 10, on which the pivot axes 11 and 12 of claw arms are mounted. The cutter arms are designated by 13 and 14 and carry at their free ends about cutter heads 15 which are rotatably mounted transversely to the longitudinal axis of the respective cutter arms 13, 14.

Für den Schwenkantrieb der Schrämarme 13, 14 sind hydrauli­sche Zylinder-Kolben-Aggregate 16 und 17 vorgesehen.Hydraulic cylinder-piston units 16 and 17 are provided for the swivel drive of the cutting arms 13, 14.

Wie sich aus der Darstellung aus Fig. 2 ergibt, ist der Support 9 an einer Lagerplatte 18 abgestützt. Der Support 9 ist drehfest mit einer die Lagerplatte 18 durchsetzenden Welle 19 verbunden. Der Support 9 ist hiebei an der Lager­platte über Axiallager 20 abgestützt, so daß die Schrämkräfte sicher von der Lagerplatte aufgenommen werden können. Die Lagerplatte 18 trägt hiebei auch die Radiallager 21. Die Antriebswelle 19 für den Support 9 trägt an ihrem freien Ende eine innerhalb eines Gehäuses 22 angeordnete nicht darge­stellte weitere Scheibe mit einer Außenverzahnung. Der Antrieb wird von Motoren 23 sichergestellt, wobei im darge­stellten Fall drei Motoren 23 in Umfangsrichtung des im Inneren des Gehäuses 22 enthaltenden zentrischen Zahnrades vorgesehen sind, deren Ritzel mit diesem Zahnkranz kämmen. Die Lagerscheibe 18 kann unter Vermittlung des Zylinder-­Kolben-Aggregates 24 in ihrer Neigung verstellt werden. Die bereits in Fig. 1 dargesellte Anlenkstelle 5 für die Ver­schiebung des Trägers 4 ist mit einem hydraulischen Zylinder-­Kolben-Aggregat 25 verbunden.As can be seen from the illustration in FIG. 2, the support 9 is supported on a bearing plate 18. The support 9 is non-rotatably connected to a shaft 19 passing through the bearing plate 18. The support 9 is supported on the bearing plate via axial bearing 20 so that the cutting forces can be safely absorbed by the bearing plate. The bearing plate 18 also carries the radial bearings 21. The drive shaft 19 for the support 9 carries at its free end a further disk, not shown, arranged within a housing 22 and having external teeth. The drive is ensured by motors 23, in the case shown three motors 23 being provided in the circumferential direction of the central gearwheel containing inside the housing 22, the pinions of which mesh with this ring gear. The bearing disk 18 can be adjusted in its inclination by means of the cylinder-piston unit 24. The articulation point 5 already shown in FIG. 1 for the displacement of the carrier 4 is connected to a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit 25.

Wie aus der Darstellung nach Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist, ist die Vorderkante 26 des Schildes 1 im Axialschnitt abgeschrägt. Die Lagerplatte 18 wird durch Betätigung des hydraulischen Zylinder-Kolben-Aggregates 24 nunmehr so eingestellt, daß sie im Schnitt der Darstellung nach Fig. 2 im wesentlichen parallel zur Verbindungsgeraden zwischen der Oberkante 27 und der Unterkante 28 des vorderen Randes 26 des Schildes ver­läuft. Auf diese Weise wird die Rotationsachse 29 zur Längs­achse 30 des Schildes geneigt und steht im wesentlichen normal auf diese Verbindungsgerade der Kanten 27 und 28. Bei Drehung des Supportes 9 um die Rotationsachse 29 ergeben sich nun verschiedene Möglichkeiten des Eingriffes der Schrämköpfe 15, wobei einzelne der möglichen Schwenklagen gesondert eingetragen wurden. Die Schwenkachse des Schrämarmes 14, welche mit 12 bezeichnet ist, ist hiebei näher der Rotations­achse als die Schwenkachse 11 des Schrämarmes bzw. des Auslegerarmes 13. Durch Verschwenken des Schrämarmes 13 nach einer Betätigung des hydraulischen Zylinder-Kolben-Aggregates 16 kann der Schrämarm 13 in die Position 13′ gelangen. Durch Verdrehen des Supports um die Rotationsachse 29 gelangt der unverschwenkte Schrämarm 13 in eine Position 13′′, wohingegen der in die Position 13′ verschwenkte Schrämarm in die Position 13′′′ gelangen kann. Analog ist für den zweiten Schrämarm 14 durch Betätigung des hydraulischen Zylinder-­Kolben-Aggregates 17 eine Verschwenkung in die Lage 14′ möglich. Durch Verdrehen des unverschwenkten Schrämarmes 14 gelangt dieser in die Position 14′′, wohingegen durch Ver­drehen des in die Position 14′ verschwenkten Schrämarmes die Lage 14′′′ erzielt werden kann. Insgesamt ergibt sich ein aus vier konkaven Bereichen zusammengesetztes Abbaubild, welches einer weitgehenden Annäherung an eine ebene Abbaufront entspricht. Durch Betätigen der hydraulischen Zylinder-KolbenAggregate 25 kann der Träger insgesamt in Achsrichtung des Schildes, das ist somit in Richtung der Achse 30, verschoben werden, wodurch der Einstich und die Spanstärke exakt eingestellt werden kann.As can be seen from the illustration according to FIG. 2, the front edge 26 of the shield 1 is chamfered in axial section. The bearing plate 18 is now adjusted by actuating the hydraulic cylinder-piston unit 24 so that in the section of the illustration according to FIG. 2 it runs essentially parallel to the connecting straight line between the upper edge 27 and the lower edge 28 of the front edge 26 of the shield. In this way, the axis of rotation 29 is inclined to the longitudinal axis 30 of the shield and is essentially normal to this connecting straight line of the edges 27 and 28. When the support 9 is rotated about the axis of rotation 29, there are now various possibilities of engagement of the cutting heads 15, individual ones of which possible pivot positions separately were entered. The pivot axis of the cutter arm 14, which is designated by 12, is closer to the axis of rotation than the pivot axis 11 of the cutter arm or the extension arm 13. By pivoting the cutter arm 13 after actuation of the hydraulic cylinder-piston unit 16, the cutter arm 13 in the position 13 'arrive. By rotating the support about the axis of rotation 29, the non-pivoted cutter arm 13 reaches a position 13 '', whereas the cutter arm pivoted into position 13 'can reach position 13'''. Analogously, a pivoting into the position 14 'is possible for the second cutting arm 14 by actuating the hydraulic cylinder-piston unit 17'. By turning the non-pivoted cutter arm 14, this reaches position 14 '', whereas by turning the cutter arm pivoted into position 14 ', position 14''' can be achieved. Overall, there is a mining image composed of four concave areas, which corresponds to a large approximation to a flat mining front. By actuating the hydraulic cylinder-piston units 25, the carrier as a whole can be displaced in the axial direction of the shield, that is to say in the direction of the axis 30, as a result of which the puncture and the chip strength can be set precisely.

Der Schild wird in bekannter Weise jeweils nachgesetzt, wofür gesonderte Schildrückzylinder vorgesehen sind, deren Anschlußstellen schematisch mit 31 angedeutet sind.The shield is added in a known manner, for which separate shield back cylinders are provided, the connection points of which are schematically indicated by 31.

Claims (12)

1. Schildvortriebsmaschine mit an um eine ungefähr in Vor­triebsrichtung verlaufende Achse drehbaren und quer zu dieser Achse schwenkbaren Auslegerarmen rotierbar gelagerten Schneidwerkzeugen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Träger (4) in axialer Richtung des Schildes (1) verschieblich am Innen­umfang (2) des Schildes (1) geführt und gelagert ist, daß am Träger (4) ein Drehantrieb (22,23) für einen Support (9) der Auslegerarme (13,14) vorgesehen ist und daß die Auslegerarme (13,14) sowie der Schwenkantrieb (16,17) derselben am Support (9) angelenkt sind.1. shield boring machine with cutting tools rotatably mounted on an approximately rotating axis in the direction of advance and pivotable transverse to this axis of the cantilever arms, characterized in that a carrier (4) is displaceable in the axial direction of the shield (1) on the inner circumference (2) of the shield ( 1) is guided and mounted that a rotary drive (22, 23) for supporting (9) the cantilever arms (13, 14) is provided on the carrier (4) and that the cantilever arms (13, 14) and the swivel drive (16, 17) are hinged to the support (9). 2. Schildvortriebsmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Drehachse (8) des Supports (9) zur Längs­achse des Schildes (1) geneigt und/oder neigbar gelagert ist.2. shield tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis of rotation (8) of the support (9) to the longitudinal axis of the shield (1) is inclined and / or tilted. 3. Schildvortriebsmaschine nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Support (9) der Auslegearme (13,14) als auf die Drehachse (8) normale Platte ausgebildet ist, welche mit der Antriebswelle (19) starr verbunden ist.3. shield tunneling machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the support (9) of the extension arms (13, 14) is designed as a normal to the axis of rotation (8) plate which is rigidly connected to the drive shaft (19). 4. Schildvortriebsmaschine nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antriebswelle (19) eine, vorzugsweise quer zur Längsachse des Schildes (1) schwenkbare Lagerplatte (18) durchsetzt, welche die Radial- und Axiallagerung der Antriebswelle (19) bzw. des Supports (9) aufweist.4. shield boring machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the drive shaft (19) passes through a, preferably transverse to the longitudinal axis of the shield (1) pivotable bearing plate (18) which the radial and axial bearing of the drive shaft (19) or . of the support (9). 5. Schildvortriebsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Antrieb von an der Lager­platte (18) abgestützten Motoren (23) gebildet ist, deren Ritzel mit einem mit der Antriebswelle (19) drehfest und koaxial gekuppelten Zahnrad kämmen.5. shield tunneling machine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the drive is formed by on the bearing plate (18) supported motors (23), the pinion mesh with a rotatably and coaxially coupled gear with the drive shaft (19). 6. Schildvortriebsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der plattenförmige Support (9) im wesentlichen parallel zur radialen Richtung verlaufende Seitenwangen (10) aufweist, an welchen die Schwenkachsen (11,12) der Auslegerarme (13,14) gelagert sind.6. Shield boring machine according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the plate-shaped support (9) has substantially parallel to the radial direction side cheeks (10) on which the pivot axes (11, 12) of the extension arms (13, 14) are stored. 7. Schildvortriebsmaschine nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Schwenkachsen (11,12) der Auslegerarme (13,14) die Längsachse (30) des Schildes (1) senkrecht kreuzen.7. shield boring machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the pivot axes (11, 12) of the extension arms (13, 14) cross the longitudinal axis (30) of the shield (1) perpendicularly. 8. Schildvortriebsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die radialen Abstände der Schwenkachsen (11,12) von der Rotationsachse (8) des Supportes (9) für verschiedene Auslegerarme (13,14) ver­schieden sind.8. shield boring machine according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the radial distances of the pivot axes (11, 12) from the axis of rotation (8) of the support (9) for different extension arms (13, 14) are different. 9. Schildvortriebsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an jedem Auslegerarm (13,14) zwei um eine quer zur Längsachse der Arme (13,14) rotierbare, vorzugsweise pilzförmige Schrämköpfe (15) angeordnet sind.9. shield tunneling machine according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that on each cantilever arm (13, 14) two rotatable, preferably mushroom-shaped cutting heads (15) are arranged about a transverse to the longitudinal axis of the arms (13, 14). 10. Schildvortriebsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die von der geometrischen Längs­achse wenigstens eines Auslegerarmes (13,14) beim Ver­schwenken desselben aufgespannte Ebene wenigstens in einem Abstand von der Rotationsachse (8) des Supportes (9) liegt, welcher dem halben freien Abstand zwischen den Köpfen (15) dieses Auslegearmes (13,14) entspricht.10. shield boring machine according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the plane spanned by the geometric longitudinal axis of at least one cantilever arm (13, 14) when pivoting the same lies at least at a distance from the axis of rotation (8) of the support (9), which corresponds to half the free distance between the heads (15) of this extension arm (13, 14). 11. Schildvortriebsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche l bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rotationsachse (8) des Supportes (9) normal auf die im vertikalen Längsschnitt des Schildes (1) durch Verbinden der Oberkante (27) mit der Unterkante (28) desselben sich ergebende Gerade steht.11. shield boring machine according to one of claims l to 10, characterized in that the axis of rotation (8) of the support (9) normal to the vertical longitudinal section of the shield (1) by connecting the upper edge (27) with the lower edge (28) of the same resulting line stands. 12. Schildvortriebsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei Auslegerarme (13,14) am Support (9) gelagert sind, deren Schwenkbereiche einander an der Ortsbrust überlappen.12. shield boring machine according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that two extension arms (13, 14) are mounted on the support (9), the swivel areas of which overlap one another on the working face.
EP86890246A 1985-10-14 1986-09-03 Shield-tunnelling machine Expired EP0219486B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT2972/85 1985-10-14
AT0297285A AT384274B (en) 1985-10-14 1985-10-14 SHIELD DRIVING MACHINE

Publications (2)

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EP0219486A1 true EP0219486A1 (en) 1987-04-22
EP0219486B1 EP0219486B1 (en) 1989-11-29

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EP86890246A Expired EP0219486B1 (en) 1985-10-14 1986-09-03 Shield-tunnelling machine

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US (1) US4805963A (en)
EP (1) EP0219486B1 (en)
AT (1) AT384274B (en)
DE (1) DE3667195D1 (en)

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WO1996003570A1 (en) * 1994-07-27 1996-02-08 Wirth Maschinen- und Bohrgeräte-Fabrik GmbH Driving shield
WO1996004465A1 (en) * 1994-08-01 1996-02-15 Wirth Maschinen- und Bohrgeräte-Fabrik GmbH Driving shield
CN105019912A (en) * 2015-07-24 2015-11-04 王燏斌 Shield tunneling method and shield tunneling machine

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DE3914564A1 (en) * 1989-05-03 1990-11-08 Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia Sectional driving machine in shield - has swinging arm with cutting head designed to cut sloping face
DE4015462A1 (en) * 1990-05-14 1991-11-21 Wirth Co Kg Masch Bohr METHOD AND MACHINE FOR PROCESSING ROUTES, TUNNELS OR THE LIKE
CA2263299A1 (en) * 1996-08-16 1998-02-26 Tachus Gmbh Tunnelling process and device
TWI221501B (en) * 2001-07-23 2004-10-01 Taisei Corp Shield tunneling method and shield tunneling machine
US6857706B2 (en) * 2001-12-10 2005-02-22 Placer Dome Technical Services Limited Mining method for steeply dipping ore bodies
US7695071B2 (en) * 2002-10-15 2010-04-13 Minister Of Natural Resources Automated excavation machine
WO2005106137A2 (en) * 2004-04-23 2005-11-10 Placer Dome Technical Services Limited Excavation apparatus and method
CN110056363B (en) * 2019-04-19 2020-06-02 中国矿业大学 Hard rock tunnel boring machine with actively rotating hob
CN111578873B (en) * 2020-04-22 2021-11-02 上海市基础工程集团有限公司 Method for measuring initial positioning and rapid centering of shield machine
CN112627833A (en) * 2020-12-17 2021-04-09 中铁山河工程装备股份有限公司 Intelligent material conveying system for shield construction

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WO1996004465A1 (en) * 1994-08-01 1996-02-15 Wirth Maschinen- und Bohrgeräte-Fabrik GmbH Driving shield
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CN105019912B (en) * 2015-07-24 2017-04-19 王燏斌 Shield tunneling method and shield tunneling machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4805963A (en) 1989-02-21
EP0219486B1 (en) 1989-11-29
AT384274B (en) 1987-10-27
ATA297285A (en) 1987-03-15
DE3667195D1 (en) 1990-01-04

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