EP0218576B1 - Method for performing all akin transformations for musical composition purposes - Google Patents

Method for performing all akin transformations for musical composition purposes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0218576B1
EP0218576B1 EP85900971A EP85900971A EP0218576B1 EP 0218576 B1 EP0218576 B1 EP 0218576B1 EP 85900971 A EP85900971 A EP 85900971A EP 85900971 A EP85900971 A EP 85900971A EP 0218576 B1 EP0218576 B1 EP 0218576B1
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Prior art keywords
musical data
computer
transformed
note
memory
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French (fr)
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EP0218576A1 (en
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Walter Eschbach
Guerino Bruno Mazzola
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MAZZOLA Guerino Bruno
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/0008—Associated control or indicating means
    • G10H1/0025—Automatic or semi-automatic music composition, e.g. producing random music, applying rules from music theory or modifying a musical piece
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2210/00—Aspects or methods of musical processing having intrinsic musical character, i.e. involving musical theory or musical parameters or relying on musical knowledge, as applied in electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2210/101—Music Composition or musical creation; Tools or processes therefor
    • G10H2210/105—Composing aid, e.g. for supporting creation, edition or modification of a piece of music
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2210/00—Aspects or methods of musical processing having intrinsic musical character, i.e. involving musical theory or musical parameters or relying on musical knowledge, as applied in electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2210/101—Music Composition or musical creation; Tools or processes therefor
    • G10H2210/131—Morphing, i.e. transformation of a musical piece into a new different one, e.g. remix
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2220/00—Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2220/091—Graphical user interface [GUI] specifically adapted for electrophonic musical instruments, e.g. interactive musical displays, musical instrument icons or menus; Details of user interactions therewith
    • G10H2220/101—Graphical user interface [GUI] specifically adapted for electrophonic musical instruments, e.g. interactive musical displays, musical instrument icons or menus; Details of user interactions therewith for graphical creation, edition or control of musical data or parameters
    • G10H2220/131—Graphical user interface [GUI] specifically adapted for electrophonic musical instruments, e.g. interactive musical displays, musical instrument icons or menus; Details of user interactions therewith for graphical creation, edition or control of musical data or parameters for abstract geometric visualisation of music, e.g. for interactive editing of musical parameters linked to abstract geometric figures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for carrying out all of the affine transformations in the level of compositions using at least one input device for the direct input of musical data and mathematical functions, a computer with a storage and control unit, an electronic, acoustic reproduction device, and an optical display device in the form of a monitor.
  • Plants that work according to such a procedure should serve in particular for music education and scientific purposes and should be able to be used in composition theory.
  • compositions for more intensive study are analyzed both at mathematical institutions in various universities and at conservatories.
  • parts of the composition are rewritten according to mathematical rules without technical aids.
  • the basic operations used are: rotation, mirroring, shifts and transvections.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method, all whole, affine transformations in the composition level using at least one input device for direct input of musical data and mathematical functions, a computer with a memory and a control unit, one to enable electronic, acoustic playback device, and an optical playback device in the form of a monitor.
  • the system for carrying out the method consists essentially of five units, but other units can be connected if desired.
  • the core of the system is a computer 1, which is supplied with musical and mathematical data by an input device 2.
  • the data entered are stored in the computer's internal memory 11.
  • the computer 12 of the computer 1 processes the musical data entered by the input device 2 in accordance with the mathematical data likewise supplied by the input device.
  • the entire affine transformation of the input compositions is carried out and played by a musical instrument 3 electronically controlled by the control unit 13 of the computer 1.
  • the electronically controlled musical instrument 3 which serves as the acoustic output device of the system, can be an electronic organ, for example.
  • Computer 1, input 2 and output device 3 represent the minimal structure of the system.
  • this includes, for example, a monitor 4 on which the musical data stored in the memory 12 of the computer 1 are made visible. After performing the desired transformation, the transformed tone sequence appears on the monitor screen. This makes it possible to correct or change a transformation carried out by entering further data, if desired.
  • the input to the transformed tone sequence can also be stored permanently, for example on a tape or diskette, and can be called up again at any time by the computer 1 by access.
  • the input can also be made directly visible and checked by the operator before it is sent to the computer 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the control panel of the input device 2.
  • the control panel has both input keyboards for musical and mathematical data, as well as control units for playback.
  • the scale goes from c to h and takes into account all semitones. This results in a tone sequence c, cis, d, e, f, fis, g, gis, a, ais (or b) and h - like the keyboard of a piano.
  • the row of keys 22 shown in the drawing of the panel below is used to determine the desired octave.
  • the individual keys are numbered from 1-8.
  • the keyboards 21 + 22 together define the pitch entered.
  • the scale 23 goes from a simple absolute time unit over any multiple up to a maximum time of 64 times. A corresponding pause can also be entered with this keyboard alone. With the three described keyboards 21-23 all musical data can be entered.
  • the mathematical functions to be performed are also distributed over three keyboards. Approximately in the middle of the panel are five buttons 24 arranged in a cross. The four keys that make up the arms of the cross are provided with arrows that indicate the direction of translation. Depending on the version, the degree of translation can be accomplished either by a corresponding number of actuations of the corresponding key or by means of the keypad 25, which contains all digits from 0-9. The meaning of this coordinate information is explained below.
  • the integer values of the matrix are in turn entered via the keypad 25 taking into account the sign. All rotations, reflections and transvections can thus be carried out using the matrix. All rotations take place around a coordinate point, so that depending on the request for the mirroring axis, the game setting point or the rotation point, the function must be completed by an appropriate translation.
  • a key 27 with a loudspeaker symbol is provided in the aforementioned cross-shaped keypad 24, with which the entered and the transformed note sequence can be played back at any time.
  • the playback speed can finally be influenced by means of the shift register 28.
  • FIG. 3 shows an illustration of a coordination network that can be seen on the screen of a monitor 4.
  • Each square drawn therefore corresponds to three unit time intervals.
  • the unit intervals in these coordinates correspond to freely selectable time intervals in which the notes of the notes follow each other as soon as the music is played.
  • the y coordinates 1-88 indicate the pitch corresponding to the 88 keys on a piano keyboard.
  • Each coordinate unit in the y direction thus corresponds to a semitone step.
  • Each square of the drawn coordinate lines thus corresponds to three semitones.
  • tone a (no reference to note a) has the length of a unit tone interval
  • tone b has twice the length, that is to say two unit tone intervals.
  • note a corresponds to a 1/16 note
  • note b corresponds to a 1/8 note.
  • the tone sequence I and 111 can be played as a continuous tone sequence by pressing the key 27.
  • the length of the tone can be symbolized on the screen.
  • the tone duration is not shown as an absolute value, but only as a relative value.
  • the computer simply takes the value 1 of a unit time interval for the shortest tone and all other tones are an integer multiple thereof.
  • the absolute tone duration is set by the slider 28 and can thus be changed as desired. The relations of the tone duration are retained.
  • the operating function keys 29 can be used to save the input sound sequences and the transformed sound sequences as desired. Furthermore, individual notes or parts of the tone sequence, as well as the entire tone sequence, can be deleted by means of the “reset ” keys. The two keys marked with arrows 29 'and 29 ”allow the tone time to be shifted in one direction or the other.
  • Optical display elements 30 are provided on the control panel for easier control of the entered musical data.
  • the three data visible on the 7-segment displays are the tone time (x value in the coordinate network), the pitch (Y value in the coordinate network) and the tone duration.
  • system can also be implemented with other inputs and control devices.
  • a plotter can be used instead of the monitor, which expresses the entered and transformed tone sequence.
  • a digitizing device It is also possible to enter the input directly using a digitizing device.
  • coordinate detection devices are offered by various manufacturers. These devices include a digitizing plate with a transmitter or receiver and a menu field that can be attached at any point on the digitizing plate, via which all additional information such as tone time, tone duration, key type, tempo, type of transformation and operating functions can be entered by scanning using the stylus.

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/CH85/00044 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 12, 1987 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 12, 1987 PCT Filed Mar. 12, 1985 PCT Pub. No. WO86/05616 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 25, 1986.A composition or a series of notes to be transposed are introduced with mathematical data into the memory (11) of a computer (1). A calculator (12) works out the data and a control unit (13) actuates an optical (4) or acoustical (3) output device. All the series of notes received and calculated may be addressed by the computer to a memory (5) external to the computer.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Durchführung aller ganzen affinen Transformationen in der Ebene von Kompositionen unter Verwendung von mindestens einem Eingabegerät zur direkten Eingabe von musikalischen Daten und mathematischen Funktionen, einem Computer mit einer Speicher- und einer Steuereinheit, einem elektronischen, akustischen Wiedergabegerät, sowie einem optischen Wiedergabegerät in Form eines Monitors.The present invention relates to a method for carrying out all of the affine transformations in the level of compositions using at least one input device for the direct input of musical data and mathematical functions, a computer with a storage and control unit, an electronic, acoustic reproduction device, and an optical display device in the form of a monitor.

Anlagen, die nach einem solchen Verfahren arbeiten, sollen insbesondere zu musikpädagogischen und wissenschaftlichen Zwecken dienen und sollen in der Kompositionslehre eingesetzt werden können.Plants that work according to such a procedure should serve in particular for music education and scientific purposes and should be able to be used in composition theory.

Sowohl an mathematischen Institutionen verschiedener Universitäten als auch an Konservatorien werden bekannte Kompositionen zum intensiveren Studium analysiert. Zur Analyse werden dabei Teile der Komposition nach mathematischen Regeln ohne technische Hilfsmittel umgeschreiben. Die dabei verwendeten Grundoperationen sind: Drehung, Spiegelung, Verschiebungen und Transvektionen.Well-known compositions for more intensive study are analyzed both at mathematical institutions in various universities and at conservatories. For analysis, parts of the composition are rewritten according to mathematical rules without technical aids. The basic operations used are: rotation, mirroring, shifts and transvections.

Neben diesen Grundoperationen sind zwar auch alle Arten von Kombinationen dieser Grundoperationen von Interesse, jedoch wegen des Arbeitsaufwandes kaum durchführbar. Bisher wurden solche Analysen durch manuell durchgeführte Transscriptionen angestellt. Dabei wird ein Notenblatt direkt Note für Note auf ein neues Notenblatt umgeschrieben. Der dabei erforderliche Aufwand war enorm. Die daraus resultierenden Kompositionen bringen zudem oft sehr schwer spielbare Kompositionen mit Griffen, die ein Musiker nicht spielen kann oder, die einen enormen Uebungsaufwand erfordern.In addition to these basic operations, all types of combinations of these basic operations are of interest, but are hardly feasible due to the amount of work involved. So far, such analyzes have been carried out using manual transcriptions. A sheet of music is rewritten note for note on a new sheet of music. The effort required was enormous. The resulting compositions also often bring very difficult to play compositions with handles that a musician cannot play or that require an enormous amount of practice.

Trotz vielen auf dem Markt erhältlichen elektronischen Hilfsmitteln gelang es bisher nicht Komposition in der eingangs genannten Art zu transformieren. Aus der Publikation « Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology » (Volume II, 1978, ISBNO-8247-2261-2) wurde ein Musik-Computer bekannt, bei dem die mittels einer Klaviertastatur eingegebene Melodie auf einem Monitor in üblichem Notenblatt dargestellt wird und über einen ebenfalls angeschlossenen Drücker in schriftlicher Form ausgegeben werden kann. Dies stellt für den damit arbeitenden Komponisten einen erhebliche Vereinfachung dar. Eine Transformation einer bekannten Melodie lässt sich hiermit jedoch nicht durchführen.Despite many electronic tools available on the market, it has so far not been possible to transform composition in the manner mentioned at the beginning. From the publication "Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology" (Volume II, 1978, ISBNO-8247-2261-2) a music computer was known in which the melody entered by means of a piano keyboard is displayed on a monitor in a standard sheet of music and above an attached pusher can be issued in writing. This represents a considerable simplification for the composer working with it. However, it cannot be used to transform a known melody.

Trotzdem wurden einfacherere Transscriptionen, der oben genannten Art bereits seit Jahrhunderten auch von berühmten Musikern und Komponisten durchgeführt.Nevertheless, simpler transcriptions, of the type mentioned above, have been performed by famous musicians and composers for centuries.

Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt sich die Aufgabe, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, alle ganze, affine Transformationen in der Ebene von Kompositionen unter Verwendung von mindestens einem Eingabegerät zur direkten Eingabe von musikalischen Daten und mathematischen Funktionen, einem Computer mit einer Speicher- und einer Steuereinheit, einem elektronischen, akustischen Wiedergabegerät, sowie einem optischen Wiedergabegerät in Form eines Monitors, zu ermöglichen.The present invention has for its object to provide a method, all whole, affine transformations in the composition level using at least one input device for direct input of musical data and mathematical functions, a computer with a memory and a control unit, one to enable electronic, acoustic playback device, and an optical playback device in the form of a monitor.

Diese Aufgabe löst ein Verfahren der eingangs beschreibenen Art, das sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass

  • a) die musikalischen Daten jeder Note gegliedert in Frequenzhöhe und Zeitwerte in ein annaloges Zahlenmwertepaar umgewandelt werden,
  • b) die Frequenzhöhe in einer Achsrichtung und die Zeitwerte in einer senkrecht dazu verlaufenden Achsrichtung in einem Koordinatennetz auf einem Bildschirm aufgezeigt werden ;
  • c) die Koordinatenwerte in einem Speicher abgelegt werden, wobei jeder Note eine ganzzahlige Matrix zugeordnet wird ;
  • d) über das Eingabegerät die der gewünschten Transformation entsprechenden mathematischen Funktionen eingegeben werden und auf die analog den musikalischen Daten umgewandelten Zahlenwerten angewandt werden ;
  • e) jedes neue Zahlenpaar wieder in entsprechende musikalische Daten umgewandelt und mittels dem Wiedergabegerät akustisch wiedergegeben wird.
This problem is solved by a method of the type described at the outset, which is characterized in that
  • a) the musical data of each note, broken down into frequency level and time values, are converted into an analog number pair,
  • b) the frequency level in an axis direction and the time values in an axis direction running perpendicular thereto are shown in a coordinate network on a screen;
  • c) the coordinate values are stored in a memory, an integer matrix being assigned to each note;
  • d) the mathematical functions corresponding to the desired transformation are entered via the input device and applied to the numerical values converted analogously to the musical data;
  • e) each new pair of numbers is converted back into corresponding musical data and is reproduced acoustically by means of the playback device.

Wie aus dem Blockschema der Figur 1 hervorgeht. besteht die Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens im wesentlichen aus fünf Einheiten, der jedoch nach Wunsch weitere Einheiten angeschlossen sein können.As can be seen from the block diagram of FIG. 1. the system for carrying out the method consists essentially of five units, but other units can be connected if desired.

Kern der Anlage bilden ein Computer 1, der mit musikalischen und mathematischen Daten von einem Eingabegerät 2 beliefert wird. Die eingegebenen Daten werden im Computer internen Speicher 11 gespeichert. Der Rechner 12 des Computers 1 verarbeitet die vom Eingabegerät 2 eingegebenen, musikalischen Daten gemäss den ebenfalls vom Eingabegerät gelieferten mathematischen Daten. Auf einen Steuerbefehl vom Eingabegerät 2 hin, wird nun die ganze alles auf einer ganzzahligen Matrix beruhende affine Transformation der eingegebenen Kompositionen ausgeführt und durch ein von der Steuereinheit 13 des Computers 1 elektronisch gesteuertes Musikinstrument 3 abgespielt.The core of the system is a computer 1, which is supplied with musical and mathematical data by an input device 2. The data entered are stored in the computer's internal memory 11. The computer 12 of the computer 1 processes the musical data entered by the input device 2 in accordance with the mathematical data likewise supplied by the input device. In response to a control command from the input device 2, the entire affine transformation of the input compositions, which is based on an integer matrix, is carried out and played by a musical instrument 3 electronically controlled by the control unit 13 of the computer 1.

Das elektronisch gesteuerte Musikinstrumente 3, welches als akustisches Ausgabgerät der Anlage dient, kann beispielsweise eine elektronische Orgel sein. Computer 1, Eingabe 2 und Ausgabegerät 3 stellen den minimalen Aufbau der Anlage dar.The electronically controlled musical instrument 3, which serves as the acoustic output device of the system, can be an electronic organ, for example. Computer 1, input 2 and output device 3 represent the minimal structure of the system.

Verschiedene Zusätze des Minimal-Aufbaus der Anlage vereinfachen die Arbeit und vertiefen das Verständnis. hierzu gehört beispielsweise ein Monitor 4, auf dem die im Speicher 12 des Computers 1 gespeicherten, musikalischen Daten sichtbar gemacht werden. Nach Durchführung der gewünschten Transformation erscheint die transformierte Tonfolge auf dem Bildschirm des Monitors. Dies ermöglicht, eine durchgeführte Transformation durch die Eingabe weiterer Daten, falls erwünscht, zu korrigieren oder zu ändern.Various additions to the minimal structure of the system simplify the work and deepen understanding. this includes, for example, a monitor 4 on which the musical data stored in the memory 12 of the computer 1 are made visible. After performing the desired transformation, the transformed tone sequence appears on the monitor screen. This makes it possible to correct or change a transformation carried out by entering further data, if desired.

In einem zum Computer 1 externen Speicher 5 lässt sich auch die eingegebene auf die transformierte Tonfolge permanent, beispielsweise auf Band oder Diskette, speichern und jederzeit vom Computer 1 durch Zugriff wieder abrufen.In a memory 5 external to the computer 1, the input to the transformed tone sequence can also be stored permanently, for example on a tape or diskette, and can be called up again at any time by the computer 1 by access.

Durch einen, zum Eingabegerät 2 gehörenden, in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten, zusätzlichen Bildschirm kann das Eingegebene auch direkt sichtbar gemacht und von der bedienenden Person kontrolliert werden, bevor es dem Computer 1 zugeleitet wird.By means of an additional screen belonging to the input device 2, not shown in the drawing, the input can also be made directly visible and checked by the operator before it is sent to the computer 1.

In der Figur 2 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Bedienungstableaus des Eingabegerätes 2 dargestellt. Das Bedienungstableau weist sowohl Eingabetastaturen für musikalische wie mathematische Daten, sowie Bedienungseinheiten für die Wiedergabe auf.FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the control panel of the input device 2. The control panel has both input keyboards for musical and mathematical data, as well as control units for playback.

Eine links, seitlich angeordnete Tastenreihe 21 mit zwölf Tasten dient zur Bestimmung der Höhe des einzugebendes Tones. Die Skala geht von c bis h und berücksichtigt sämtliche Halbtöne. Dies ergibt eine Tonfolge c, cis, d, e, f, fis, g, gis, a, ais (oder b) und h - gleich der Tastatur eines Klaviers.A row of keys 21 on the left, with twelve keys, is used to determine the height of the tone to be entered. The scale goes from c to h and takes into account all semitones. This results in a tone sequence c, cis, d, e, f, fis, g, gis, a, ais (or b) and h - like the keyboard of a piano.

Die in der Zeichnung des Tableaus unten dargestellte Tastenreihe 22 dient zur Bestimmung der gewünschten Oktave. Die einzelnen Tasten sind von 1-8 durchnummeriert. Die Tastaturen 21 + 22 definieren zusammen die eingegebene Tonhöhe.The row of keys 22 shown in the drawing of the panel below is used to determine the desired octave. The individual keys are numbered from 1-8. The keyboards 21 + 22 together define the pitch entered.

Schliesslich können auch noch die Angaben bezüglich der Tondauer über eine Tastatur eingegeben werden. Die Skala 23 geht hier von einer einfachen absoluten Zeiteinheit über beliebige Vielfache bis zur maximalen Zeitdauer von einem 64-fachen. Mit dieser Tastatur allein lässt sich auch eine entsprechende Pause eingeben. Mit den drei beschriebenen Tastaturen 21-23 lassen sich sämtliche musikalische Daten eingeben.Finally, the information regarding the duration of the sound can also be entered using a keyboard. The scale 23 goes from a simple absolute time unit over any multiple up to a maximum time of 64 times. A corresponding pause can also be entered with this keyboard alone. With the three described keyboards 21-23 all musical data can be entered.

Die durchzuführenden mathematischen Funktionen sind auch auf drei Tastaturen verteilt. Ungefähr in der Mitte des Tableaus befinden sich fünf Tasten 24 in der Anordnung eines Kreuzes. Die vier Tasten, die die Arme des Kreuzes bilden sind mit pfeilen versehen, die die Translationsrichtung angeben. Je nach Ausführung kann das Mass der Translation entweder durch eine entsprechende Anzahl Betätigungen der entsprechenden Taste bewerkstelligt werden oder mittels des Tastenfeldes 25, welches alle Ziffern von 0-9 enthält. Die Bedeutung dieser Koordinanten-Angaben wird im Nachfolgenden noch erläutert.The mathematical functions to be performed are also distributed over three keyboards. Approximately in the middle of the panel are five buttons 24 arranged in a cross. The four keys that make up the arms of the cross are provided with arrows that indicate the direction of translation. Depending on the version, the degree of translation can be accomplished either by a corresponding number of actuations of the corresponding key or by means of the keypad 25, which contains all digits from 0-9. The meaning of this coordinate information is explained below.

Das kleine, quadratische Tastenfeld 26, bestehend aus vier Tasten, dient der Eingabe einer Matrix. Die ganzzahligen Werte der Matrix werden wiederum über das Tastenfeld 25 unter Berücksichtigung des Vorzeichens eingegeben. Mittels der Matrix können somit sämtliche Rotationen, Spiegelungen und Transvektionen durchgeführt werden. Sämtliche Drehungen erfolgen um einen Koordinanten- punkt, so dass je nach Wunsch der Spiegelungsachse, des Spielgelungspunktes oder Drehungspunktes die Funktion durch eine entsprechende Translation noch vervollständigt werden muss.The small, square keypad 26, consisting of four keys, is used to enter a matrix. The integer values of the matrix are in turn entered via the keypad 25 taking into account the sign. All rotations, reflections and transvections can thus be carried out using the matrix. All rotations take place around a coordinate point, so that depending on the request for the mirroring axis, the game setting point or the rotation point, the function must be completed by an appropriate translation.

Schliesslich kommt als letztes noch die Betätigung der Ausgabeeinheit. Hierzu ist im vorher genannten kreuzförmigen Tastenfeld 24 in der Mitte eine Taste 27 mit einem Lautsprecher-Symbol vorgesehen, womit die eingegebene und die transformierte Notenfolge jederzeit abgespielt werden kann. Das Abspieltempo kann endlich noch mittels des Schieberegisters 28 beeinflusst werden.Finally comes the actuation of the dispensing unit. For this purpose, a key 27 with a loudspeaker symbol is provided in the aforementioned cross-shaped keypad 24, with which the entered and the transformed note sequence can be played back at any time. The playback speed can finally be influenced by means of the shift register 28.

In der Figur 3 ist eine Abbildung eines auf dem Bildschirm eines Monitors 4 ersichtlichen Koordinationsnetzes dargestellt. Auf der x-Achse sind 88 Einsatzzeiten für Töne, die als Koordinaten angegeben werden. Zur Entlastung der Zeichnung ist lediglich jede dritte Koordinatennetzlinie eingezeichnet. Jedes gezeichnete Quadrat entspricht somit drei Einheitszeitintervalle. Die Einheitsintervalle in diesen Koordinaten entsprechen frei wählbaren Zeitintervallen in denen sich die Einsätze der Töne folgen, sobald die Musik abgespielt wird.FIG. 3 shows an illustration of a coordination network that can be seen on the screen of a monitor 4. On the x-axis there are 88 operating times for tones, which are given as coordinates. To relieve the drawing, only every third coordinate network line is shown. Each square drawn therefore corresponds to three unit time intervals. The unit intervals in these coordinates correspond to freely selectable time intervals in which the notes of the notes follow each other as soon as the music is played.

Die y-Koordinaten 1-88 geben die Tonhöhe entsprechend den 88 Tasten einer Klaviertastatur an. Jede Koordinateneinheit in y-Richtung entspricht also einem Halbtonschritt. Jedes Quadrat der gezeichneten Koordinatenlinien entspricht somit drei Halbtönen.The y coordinates 1-88 indicate the pitch corresponding to the 88 keys on a piano keyboard. Each coordinate unit in the y direction thus corresponds to a semitone step. Each square of the drawn coordinate lines thus corresponds to three semitones.

In der Figur 3 hat der Ton a (keinen Hinweis auf die Note a) die Länge eines Einheitstonintervalles, der Ton b die doppelte Länge, dass heisst zwei Einheitstonintervalle. In der Bachinvention entspricht Ton a eine 1/16-Note, der Ton b eine 1/8-Note.In FIG. 3, tone a (no reference to note a) has the length of a unit tone interval, tone b has twice the length, that is to say two unit tone intervals. In the Bach Inventory, note a corresponds to a 1/16 note, note b corresponds to a 1/8 note.

Voll gezeichnet sind die Noten der ersten zwei Takte der Invention No. 1 von J.S. Bach (Schmieder Verzeichnis 772) dargestellt (Tonfolge I). Punktiert ist dieselbe Notenfolge um den Koordinatenpunkt 44/44 gespiegelt gezeichnet (Tonfolge 11). Die Tonfolge 11 wurde noch in der vertikalen und horizontalen Richtung verschoben zur Tonfolge 111.The notes of the first two bars of Invention No. are fully drawn. 1 by J.S. Bach (Schmieder Directory 772) (tone sequence I). The same sequence of notes is shown dotted around the coordinate point 44/44 (tone sequence 11). The tone sequence 11 was shifted in the vertical and horizontal directions to the tone sequence 111.

Die Tonfolge I und 111 können durch Betätigung der Taste 27 als fortlaufende Tonfolge abgespielt werden. Die Tondauer ist auf dem Bildschirm durch die Länge symbolisierbar. Im Gegensatz zu den Noten ist jedoch die Tondauer nicht als absoluter Wert, sondern nur als relativer Wert dargestellt. Der Computer nimmt einfach für den kürzesten Ton den Wert 1 eines Einheitszeitintervalles und alle anderen Töne sind ein ganzzahliges Vielfach hiervon. Die absolute Tondauer wird durch den Schieberegler 28 eingestellt und kann somit beliebig verändert werden. Dabei werden die Relationen der Tondauer beibehalten.The tone sequence I and 111 can be played as a continuous tone sequence by pressing the key 27. The length of the tone can be symbolized on the screen. In contrast to the notes, however, the tone duration is not shown as an absolute value, but only as a relative value. The computer simply takes the value 1 of a unit time interval for the shortest tone and all other tones are an integer multiple thereof. The absolute tone duration is set by the slider 28 and can thus be changed as desired. The relations of the tone duration are retained.

Durch die Betriebsfunktionstasten 29 kann man die eingegebenen Tonfolgen und die transformierten Tonfolgen beliebig speichern. Ferner können einzelne Noten oder Teile der Tonfolge, sowie die gesamte Tonfolge mittels « reset" Tasten gelöscht werden. Die beiden mit pfeilen gekennzeichneten Tasten 29' und 29" erlauben eine Verschiebung der Tonzeit in die eine oder die andere Richtung.The operating function keys 29 can be used to save the input sound sequences and the transformed sound sequences as desired. Furthermore, individual notes or parts of the tone sequence, as well as the entire tone sequence, can be deleted by means of the “reset ” keys. The two keys marked with arrows 29 'and 29 ”allow the tone time to be shifted in one direction or the other.

Zur einfacheren Kontrolle der eingegebenen musikalischen Daten sind auf dem Bedienungstableau optische Anzeige-Elemente 30 vorgesehen. Die drei mittels 7-Segmentanzeigen ersichtlichen Daten sind die Tonzeit (x-Wert im Koordinatennetz), die Tonhöhe (Y-Wert im Koordinatennetz) und die Tondauer.Optical display elements 30 are provided on the control panel for easier control of the entered musical data. The three data visible on the 7-segment displays are the tone time (x value in the coordinate network), the pitch (Y value in the coordinate network) and the tone duration.

Neben dem hier beschriebenen Beispiel einer Anlage lässt sich die Anlage jedoch auch mit anderen Eingaben und Kontrolleinrichtungen ausführen. So kann an Stelle des Monitors ein Plotter treten, der die eingebene und transformierte Tonfolge ausdrückt.In addition to the example of a system described here, the system can also be implemented with other inputs and control devices. In this way, a plotter can be used instead of the monitor, which expresses the entered and transformed tone sequence.

Ferner ist es möglich, die Eingabe mittels eines Digitalisiergerätes direkt einzugeben. Solche Koordinatenerfassungseinrichtungen werden von verschiedenen Herstellern angeboten. Diese Geräte umfassen eine Digitalisierplatte mit einem Sender oder Empfänger sowie einem an beliebiger Stelle der Digitalisierplatte anbringbarem Menuefeld über welches alle zusätzlichen Informationen wie Tonzeit, Tondauer, Tonart, Tempo, Transformationsart sowie Betriebsfunktionen durch Abtasten mittels des Abtaststiftes eingegeben werden können.It is also possible to enter the input directly using a digitizing device. Such coordinate detection devices are offered by various manufacturers. These devices include a digitizing plate with a transmitter or receiver and a menu field that can be attached at any point on the digitizing plate, via which all additional information such as tone time, tone duration, key type, tempo, type of transformation and operating functions can be entered by scanning using the stylus.

Claims (4)

1. Method for performing all completely affine transformations in connection with compositions using at least one input device for the direct inputting of musical data and mathematical functions, a computer with a memory and a control unit, an electronic, acoustic playback unit and an optical display unit in the form of a monitor, characterized in that
a) the musical data of each note divided up into frequency level and time values are converted into an analog pair of numerical values ;
b) the frequency level on one axial direction and the time values in an axial direction at right angles thereto are displayed in a coordinate system on a screen ;
c) the coordinate values are filed in a memory, an integral matrix being associated with each note ;
d) by means of the input device, which inputs the mathematical functions corresponding to the desired transformation and are used on the numerical values converted in analog manner to the musical data;
e) each new pair of numbers is again converted into corresponding musical data and acoustically played back by means of the playback unit.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the inputted and/or transformed musical data are stored in an external store connected to the computer and are polled for the purpose of a further transformation.
3. Method according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the transformed musical data are printed.
4. Method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the composition to be transformed is brought onto a digitizer in the form of a sheet of music and its notes are sensed by means of a sensing pin, whilst the musical data and mathematical functions are read in via a menu.
EP85900971A 1985-03-12 1985-03-12 Method for performing all akin transformations for musical composition purposes Expired - Lifetime EP0218576B1 (en)

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AT85900971T ATE50880T1 (en) 1985-03-12 1985-03-12 PROCEDURE FOR PERFORMING ALL WHOLE AFFINE TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE LEVEL OF COMPOSITIONS.

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PCT/CH1985/000044 WO1986005616A1 (en) 1985-03-12 1985-03-12 Installation for performing all akin transformations for musical composition purposes

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EP0218576B1 true EP0218576B1 (en) 1990-03-07

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EP (1) EP0218576B1 (en)
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WO1986005616A1 (en) 1986-09-25
EP0218576A1 (en) 1987-04-22
JPS62502778A (en) 1987-10-22
US4833962A (en) 1989-05-30
ATE50880T1 (en) 1990-03-15
DE3576423D1 (en) 1990-04-12

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