EP0218375A1 - Brandschutz für Böden und Decken - Google Patents

Brandschutz für Böden und Decken Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0218375A1
EP0218375A1 EP86306891A EP86306891A EP0218375A1 EP 0218375 A1 EP0218375 A1 EP 0218375A1 EP 86306891 A EP86306891 A EP 86306891A EP 86306891 A EP86306891 A EP 86306891A EP 0218375 A1 EP0218375 A1 EP 0218375A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
joists
slabs
floor
firestop
fire protection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86306891A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0218375B1 (de
Inventor
Geoffrey Edward Ashling
John Pebody
Anthony Ronald Walker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PRE-FORMED COMPONENTS Ltd
Original Assignee
PRE-FORMED COMPONENTS Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB858522375A external-priority patent/GB8522375D0/en
Priority claimed from GB868603969A external-priority patent/GB8603969D0/en
Application filed by PRE-FORMED COMPONENTS Ltd filed Critical PRE-FORMED COMPONENTS Ltd
Publication of EP0218375A1 publication Critical patent/EP0218375A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0218375B1 publication Critical patent/EP0218375B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
    • E04D13/1606—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure
    • E04D13/1612—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure the roof structure comprising a supporting framework of roof purlins or rafters
    • E04D13/1625—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure the roof structure comprising a supporting framework of roof purlins or rafters with means for supporting the insulating material between the purlins or rafters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/12—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with wooden beams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/001—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by provisions for heat or sound insulation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the fire protection of floors and ceilings, especially those of conventional wooden construction, and provides an assembly or kit of parts for installation in or under existing floors and ceilings, as well as for inclusion in the original construction of floors and ceilings, for fire protection purposes.
  • the fire protection arrangements according to the present invention are especially useful, as they can be used both for installation during the construction of new buildings and also during the refurbishment of existing buildings.
  • the invention provides a convenient and satisfactory means for raising the standard of fire-proofness of any building.
  • any system of fire protection which enables the walls, floors, ceilings and/or roofs of buildings to remain stable for a substantial period, when there is a fire, can provide time for the occupants to leave or be taken from the building, so that serious injury or loss of life can be avoided. It is generally reckoned that any fire protection system is satisfactory if it enables a building or its components to remain stable for at least minutes, even if it includes substantial amounts of wood.
  • the present invention provides a fire protection system, including a kit or assembly of fire-proofing parts, which enables a conventional wooden floor to remain stable for a period substantially longer than 30 minutes and, in many cases, for a period of 60 or 90 minutes or even more.
  • the invention enables conventional wooden floors to remain both stable and at a temperature low enough for safe contact for such extended periods of time.
  • a wooden floor equipped with the fire protection system of the invention can remain sufficiently unaffected by a fire in the underlying space or rooms to enable even chair-bound or bed-ridden occupants of the room or rooms on that floor to be taken out to safety.
  • a conventional wooden floor includes wooden joists spaced at equal intervals and supported at their ends and possibly between the ends on footings or walls below, having wooden boards secured to their upper surfaces, cross-bracings or nogging pieces of wood at spaced intervals and, possibly, wooden laths attached to the underside of the joists and forming a framework for supporting a plaster ceiling of the room or rooms of the building storey below the floor.
  • no components are attached to the undersides of the joists, in normal practice, while in the case of the uppermost storey of a building, often no boards or other components are attached to the upper sides of the ceiling joists.
  • a fire protection arrangement for use with a floor or ceiling comprising combustible joists, to which other components of the floor or ceiling may be attached, in which the arrangement comprises one or more slabs of firestop material for location between the joists and carried by support means of metal or other refractory material, the support means being arranged for attachment to the joists.
  • an assembly or kit of parts for installation in a floor or ceiling comprising combustible joists
  • which comprises a plurality of slabs of rigid mineral wool or other firestop material in the form of self-supporting units and refractory support means for attachment to the joists and for carrying the firestop material slabs.
  • a method of fire-proofing a combustible floor or ceiling comprising joists comprises attaching refractory support means to the joists, locating one or more slabs of rigid mineral wool or other firestop material between the joists in a contiguous manner upon the support means and, if required, filling spaces between the slabs and/or the joists at least to a depth of about the thickness of the slabs with a pourable and settable firestop material
  • a fire protection arrangement is installed in a new or existing combustible floor or ceiling, which comprises wooden joists supported at least at their ends, by (a) attaching metal or other refractory support means to the joists, (b) locating metal or other refractory supporting members on the support means, (c) placing rigid slabs of firestop material between the joists upon the supporting members and (d), if required, attaching floor or ceiling components to the upper and/or lower sides of the joists.
  • thick slabs of mineral wool or other firestop material are located between the joists, in a substantially contiguous manner, upon metal (preferably steel) supports secured at their ends to the upright sides of the joists and wooden components of the floor, such as cross-bracings, are encased, at least to the same depth as the thickness of the slabs, in a pourable firestop composition.
  • brackets of sheet steel or, in general, any suitably strong refractory material are secured to the joist sides and the supports are T-section steel members which are carried by their ends upon the brackets.
  • the supports it is preferable for the supports to be located where butt joints are formed between adjacent slabs, so that each support carries the edges of two adjacent slabs. These butt joints also are preferably sealed with a pourable firestop compound.
  • the invention thus puts into practice a principle of fire-proofing or fire protection whereby, except for the joists themselves, a substantial depth of firestop material, amounting typically to 1/3 to 2/3 of the height of the joists, is disposed over the entire area of the floor or ceiling, i.e. the area beneath the boards in the case of a floor.
  • a substantial depth of firestop material amounting typically to 1/3 to 2/3 of the height of the joists, is disposed over the entire area of the floor or ceiling, i.e. the area beneath the boards in the case of a floor.
  • a very large depth of wood in the joists has to be consumed before the flames can pass from below to above the floor.
  • these parts of the joists are in abutting relationship with firestop material, provided e.g. either as slabs or as a pourable composition, so that the firestop material also protects a substantial depth of each side surface of the joists.
  • the floor shown in Fig. 1 is constructed from:
  • the chain-dotted line 25 indicates the upper level on the side of each joist 10 of the installed fire protection system; as each slab 19 rests only slightly above the ceiling surface 22, upon the brackets 16 and supports 18, the distance A from the bottom to the top of the slabs 19 and of the compound or composition 21, i.e. the thickness of the fire-proofing assembly, is a substantial proportion of the height B of the joists 10; in the preferred embodiment where the components have dimensions such as are indicated above, by way of illustration, A is from 1/3 to 2/3 of B; specifically, A is approximately the slab thickness of 80 mm, while B is the joist height of 225 mm.
  • flat refractory e.g. metal and preferably steel plates 22 are secured as required, for instance to the undersides of the joists 10.
  • Cross-­bracings or other wooden components of the superjacent floor located between the joists 10 can again be at least partially encased in a pourable firestop composition, if required, which can be located from above before the boarding of the upper floor is put into place or after it has been removed in the appropriate places, for this purpose.
  • the fire protection system of this embodiment of the present invention is thus suitable for use in situations in preference to a system according to embodiments of Figs. 1 and 2 of the invention described in Application No. 8522375, while still fulfilling the same general and advantageous principle that a substantial depth of firestop material is disposed over the entire area beneath the boards 11 of the floor, save for the joists 10 themselves.
  • Fig. 3 in which the same reference numbers are used for the same parts as in Figs. 1 and 2, shows diagrammatically in vertical section a suspended floor, comprising wooden joists 10, shown in sectional view, with wooden floor boards 11 attached to the tops of the joists and, at 19, mineral wool slabs located in abutting relationship with the sides of the joists 10 and, if necessary, with one another; where the slabs 19 butt one another, steel supports, e.g. of inverted T-section, can extend between the joists 10; except for being upside-­down, these supports can be like those shown at 18 for the butt joints 20 between adjacent slabs 19, in the embodiment of Figs. 1 and 2.
  • steel supports e.g. of inverted T-section
  • flat steel supporting plates 22 for instance portions of 18 swg galvanised sheet steel measuring 150 ⁇ 100 mm, are attached to the undersides of the joists 10, for instance with twist nails, so that each plate 22 projects to both sides of the joist 10, as required, thus providing a projecting support for the associated part of the edge of each slab 19.
  • a conventional floor such as is described above, comprising the components (a) to (d) and, if appropriate, (e), does not have a fire protection system and if there is a fire in the room below, the floor will fail, i.e. burn through and/or collapse, in perhaps 10 to 20 minutes; in contrast, where the floor is associated with a fire protection arrangement according to this invention, such as decribed in conjunction with Figs. 1 and 2 or Fig. 3 of the drawings, a much longer period will elapse. In a test carried out, with an imposed load upon the floor of 2.35 kN/m2, i.e.
  • the invention allows floors to remain in position for well over 1 hour; a fireman with suitable wearing apparel and breathing apparatus can safely enter and leave such a room for up to approximately 11 ⁇ 2 hours after the onset of the fire in the room below.
  • the present invention puts into practice a fire-­proofing principle in which firestop material is disposed within the floor or ceiling structure over substantially the entire available area, in the spaces between the joists which are usually left empty.
  • the firestop material used is self-supporting to a substantial extent, by being either in the form of rigid slabs or in a pourable form which, after location in place, preferably sets to a solid state.
  • the firestop material stays in place for extended periods to time and, as the only parts of the floor not filled with the firestop material are, substantially, the underneath surfaces of the joists, the fire is very largely contained under substantial areas of rigid self-supporting and stable refractory material.
  • the only parts where this material is absent are the joists per se and these resist consumption by the fire for long periods, because of their depth.
  • all the components used specifically to support the firestop slab materials are refractory, typically being steel or some other fire-resistant metal. Even if the floor components undergo relative movement during a fire, for instance as the joists twist or buckle, the brackets 16 or the plates 22 and the supports 18 carried upon them, as well as the fixing means (e.g. the nails 17), remain properly assembled and thus continue to support the slabs 19 and the poured and set firestop composition 21.
  • the invention thus consists, in effect, in fireproofing a floor or ceiling by filling the spaces between the joists with firestop material and securing the firestop material in place by fire-resistant supporting means which remain substantially stable even in the presence of fire.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP19860306891 1985-09-10 1986-09-05 Brandschutz für Böden und Decken Expired - Lifetime EP0218375B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB858522375A GB8522375D0 (en) 1985-09-10 1985-09-10 Fire protection for floors
GB8522375 1985-09-10
GB8603969 1986-02-18
GB868603969A GB8603969D0 (en) 1986-02-18 1986-02-18 Fire protection

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0218375A1 true EP0218375A1 (de) 1987-04-15
EP0218375B1 EP0218375B1 (de) 1992-06-03

Family

ID=26289749

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860306891 Expired - Lifetime EP0218375B1 (de) 1985-09-10 1986-09-05 Brandschutz für Böden und Decken

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0218375B1 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2210394A (en) * 1987-09-29 1989-06-07 Preformed Components Ltd Fire protection for floors and ceilings
WO1990007616A1 (de) * 1989-01-02 1990-07-12 Ingomar Ritsch Brandgehemmte holzbalkendecke
GB2364536A (en) * 2000-06-13 2002-01-30 Sanders Fire Systems Ltd Fireproofing between wooden joists
FR2922918A1 (fr) * 2007-10-31 2009-05-01 Orion Financement Sa Procede de pose d'un materiau isolant et ensemble d'accessoires de pose correspondant.

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1654029A (en) * 1925-02-16 1927-12-27 Insulex Corp Horizontal wall construction
US4014150A (en) * 1975-12-19 1977-03-29 Johns-Manville Corporation Insulation system for building structures
NL7808451A (nl) * 1978-08-15 1980-02-19 Wilma Bv Vloer.
EP0028893A2 (de) * 1979-11-08 1981-05-20 Anglia Jay Purlin Company Limited Wärmeisolierte Dachstruktur und wärmeisolierte Eindeckung für eine solche Dachstruktur

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1654029A (en) * 1925-02-16 1927-12-27 Insulex Corp Horizontal wall construction
US4014150A (en) * 1975-12-19 1977-03-29 Johns-Manville Corporation Insulation system for building structures
NL7808451A (nl) * 1978-08-15 1980-02-19 Wilma Bv Vloer.
EP0028893A2 (de) * 1979-11-08 1981-05-20 Anglia Jay Purlin Company Limited Wärmeisolierte Dachstruktur und wärmeisolierte Eindeckung für eine solche Dachstruktur

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2210394A (en) * 1987-09-29 1989-06-07 Preformed Components Ltd Fire protection for floors and ceilings
WO1990007616A1 (de) * 1989-01-02 1990-07-12 Ingomar Ritsch Brandgehemmte holzbalkendecke
GB2364536A (en) * 2000-06-13 2002-01-30 Sanders Fire Systems Ltd Fireproofing between wooden joists
GB2364536B (en) * 2000-06-13 2003-09-17 Sanders Fire Systems Ltd Fire protection method and apparatus
FR2922918A1 (fr) * 2007-10-31 2009-05-01 Orion Financement Sa Procede de pose d'un materiau isolant et ensemble d'accessoires de pose correspondant.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0218375B1 (de) 1992-06-03

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