EP0215214B1 - Heat exchanger for heat exchange between a hot gas and a flow in tube bundle heat surfaces, particularly a steam generator for gas-cooled high-temperature reactors - Google Patents
Heat exchanger for heat exchange between a hot gas and a flow in tube bundle heat surfaces, particularly a steam generator for gas-cooled high-temperature reactors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0215214B1 EP0215214B1 EP86109002A EP86109002A EP0215214B1 EP 0215214 B1 EP0215214 B1 EP 0215214B1 EP 86109002 A EP86109002 A EP 86109002A EP 86109002 A EP86109002 A EP 86109002A EP 0215214 B1 EP0215214 B1 EP 0215214B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- gas
- tube
- heat
- wall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
- F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
- F28D7/1669—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having an annular shape; the conduits being assembled around a central distribution tube
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
- F22B1/1823—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines for gas-cooled nuclear reactors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
- Y10S165/355—Heat exchange having separate flow passage for two distinct fluids
- Y10S165/40—Shell enclosed conduit assembly
- Y10S165/401—Shell enclosed conduit assembly including tube support or shell-side flow director
- Y10S165/405—Extending in a longitudinal direction
- Y10S165/407—Extending in a longitudinal direction internal casing or tube sleeve
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heat exchanger for the heat exchange between a hot gas and a fluid conducted in tube bundle heating surfaces, in particular steam generator for gas-cooled high-temperature reactors, with a pressure vessel, a heat exchanger vessel, tube bundles arranged in this, a hot gas line connected to a gas inlet at one end of the heat exchanger jacket, including one Gas guide tube, a gas outlet from the heat exchanger vessel to a circulating fan and supply and discharge lines for the fluid to be heated, wherein a deflection by essentially 90 ° takes place when the hot gas flows into the heat exchanger.
- the gas flows in the annular space between the heat exchanger, in particular the steam generator jacket and the pressure vessel jacket, in the direction of the 90 ° deflection and is previously introduced into the riser pipe through a plurality of gas channels penetrating the upper end of the steam generator jacket and from there to the circulation fan, the Riser pipe is arranged in the part of the hot gas deflecting device which runs longitudinally to the container axis and which causes the deflection by 90 °.
- the steam generator heating surfaces are arranged around a dead space.
- riser pipe extends from the hot gas deflecting device that builds up the ring channel to the outlet end of the tube bundle.
- the gas emerging from the tube bundles can be fed to the circulating fan in a central flow, without the need to penetrate the heat exchanger through gas routing channels, as proposed in EP-A2-205 973.
- the dead space in the center of the tube bundle is used for the supply.
- the gas emerging from the tube bundles is deflected by a gas guiding device in such a way that it flows along the surface of the heat exchanger jacket in the direction of the inlet end of the tube bundle, then again is deflected and along the inner wall of the pressure vessel jacket in the direction of the inlet end of the Riser pipe flows.
- a gas guiding device By arranging such a baffle, the operational safety of the heat exchanger is improved.
- a hot gas jet emerging from the jacket of the heat exchanger cannot strike the inner wall of the steam generator directly, but first hits the flow baffle.
- the preferred flow guide ensures that the pressure vessel is subjected to a uniform operating temperature in the area of the heat exchanger. It is preferred that the heat exchanger be upright.
- the figure shows a section through a steam generator as it is used to generate steam in gas-cooled thermal reactors.
- a heat exchanger vessel 2 is arranged in a pressure vessel 1.
- a cooling gas heated in a high-temperature reactor e.g. Helium introduced.
- the coaxial line is formed by an inner gas guide tube 4 and an outer tube 5, which is welded to the pressure vessel 1.
- a gas inlet opening 6a is assigned to the lateral coaxial line 3, which thus extends horizontally when the steam generator is standing upright, in the jacket 6 of the steam generator.
- a riser pipe 7 extends through the heat exchanger and connects the lower end of the heat exchanger 2 to the inlet end 8 of a circulation fan, not shown.
- the jacket 6 of the heat exchanger together with the outer wall of the riser pipe 7, delimits an annular channel 9 into which the hot gas HG flows via the gas inlet opening 6a.
- the pipe heating surfaces 10 to be acted upon by the hot gas are arranged around the riser pipe 7 in the heat exchanger jacket 6.
- the lower end of the tubular heating surfaces 10 is connected to a feed water inlet 11, while its upper end is connected to a hot steam outlet 12.
- the connections are shown schematically in dash-dot lines in the figure. Insulations 13 are shown in the figure by cross hatching.
- a gas deflector 14 is connected to the lower end of the riser pipe, which consists of a deflecting base 14a and a jacket 14b which extends in the annular space between jacket 6 of the heat exchanger 2 and the inner wall of the pressure vessel 1.
- the free end of the deflecting jacket is associated at a distance with a deflecting hood 15, which is connected to both the heat exchanger 2 and the pressure vessel 1 in a gas-tight manner.
- the heat exchanger is preferably suspended in the pressure vessel via this deflection hood 15.
- the gas entering the tube bundle 10 via the gas inlet end 10a leaves the tube bundle 10b at its gas outlet end 10b and is deflected by the base plate into the annular space between the heat exchanger jacket 6 and the deflecting jacket 14.
- the emerging hot gas jet strikes the deflecting jacket 14b and not the pressure vessel 1.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmetauscher für den Wärmetausch zwischen einem heissen Gas und einem in Rohrbündelheizflächen geführten Strömungsmittel, insbesondere Dampferzeuger für gasgekühlte Hochtemperaturreaktoren, mit einem Druckbehälter, einem Wärmetauschergefäss, in diesem angeordneten Rohrbündeln, einer mit einem Gaseintritt an einem Ende des Wärmetauschermantels verbundenen Heissgasleitung einschliesslich eines Gasführungsrohres, einem Gasaustritt aus dem Wärmetauschergefäss zu einem Umwälzgebläse hin und Zu- und Ableitungen für das aufzuheizende Strömungsmittel, wobei beim Einströmen des Heissgases in den Wärmetauscher eine Umlenkung um im wesentlichen 90° erfolgt.The invention relates to a heat exchanger for the heat exchange between a hot gas and a fluid conducted in tube bundle heating surfaces, in particular steam generator for gas-cooled high-temperature reactors, with a pressure vessel, a heat exchanger vessel, tube bundles arranged in this, a hot gas line connected to a gas inlet at one end of the heat exchanger jacket, including one Gas guide tube, a gas outlet from the heat exchanger vessel to a circulating fan and supply and discharge lines for the fluid to be heated, wherein a deflection by essentially 90 ° takes place when the hot gas flows into the heat exchanger.
Ein solcher Wärmetauscher ist aus Dubbel, «Taschenbuch für den Maschinenbau», 15. Auflage (1983), S. 588 und 601-602 bekannt.Such a heat exchanger is known from Dubbel, "Taschenbuch für den Maschinenbau", 15th edition (1983), pp. 588 and 601-602.
Die Anmelderin hat in der EP-A2-205 973 [fällt unter Artikel 54(3) EPÜ] einen Wärmetauscher vorgeschlagen, bei dem das Gasführungsrohr der Heissgasleitung seitlich in den Wärmetauschermantel einmündet und dem Gaseintritt im Wärmetauschermantel ein Ringkanal nachgeordnet ist, der nach innen von einem den Gasaustritt zum Umwälzgebläse hin bildenden und zum Druckbehältermantel und zum Wärmetauschermantel achsparallel angeordneten Steigrohr begrenzt wird, bei dem das Gas aus diesem Ringraum in die Rohrbündel eintritt und aus diesen unter Umlenkung um im wesentlichen 180° austritt und über das Steigrohr dem Umwälzgebläse zugeführt wird. Bei der vorgeschlagenen Anordnung strömt das Gas in dem Ringraum zwischen Wärmetauscher, insbesondere Dampferzeugermantel und Druckbehältermantel in Richtung auf die 90°-Umlenkung und wird vorher durch mehrere das obere Ende des Dampferzeugermantels durchdringende Gaskanäle in das Steigrohr eingeleitet und von dort dem Umwälzgebläse zugeführt, wobei das Steigrohr im längs zur Behälterachse verlaufenden Teil der Heissgasumlenkeinrichtung angeordnet ist, die die Umlenkung um 90° bewirkt.In EP-A2-205 973 [falls under Article 54 (3) EPC], the applicant proposed a heat exchanger in which the gas pipe of the hot gas line laterally opens into the heat exchanger jacket and an annular channel is arranged downstream of the gas inlet in the heat exchanger jacket, which channel is directed inwards a riser pipe forming the gas outlet towards the circulating fan and axially parallel to the pressure vessel jacket and the heat exchanger jacket is limited, in which the gas enters the tube bundle from this annular space and exits from it with a deflection by essentially 180 ° and is fed to the circulating fan via the riser pipe. In the proposed arrangement, the gas flows in the annular space between the heat exchanger, in particular the steam generator jacket and the pressure vessel jacket, in the direction of the 90 ° deflection and is previously introduced into the riser pipe through a plurality of gas channels penetrating the upper end of the steam generator jacket and from there to the circulation fan, the Riser pipe is arranged in the part of the hot gas deflecting device which runs longitudinally to the container axis and which causes the deflection by 90 °.
Bei der bekannten Anordnung und bei der vorgeschlagenen Anordnung sind die Dampferzeugerheizflächen um einen Totraum herum angeordnet.In the known arrangement and in the proposed arrangement, the steam generator heating surfaces are arranged around a dead space.
Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Wärmetauscher der vorgeschlagenen Art so zu gestalten, dass das aus den Rohrheizflächen austretende Gas auf möglichst einfache Weise der Umwälzpumpe zugeführt wird, insbesondere Gaskanäle vermieden werden, die den Dampferzeugermantel und die seinem oberen Ende zugeordneten Kompensationsrohrbündel durchdringen müssen.It is the object of the present invention to design a heat exchanger of the proposed type in such a way that the gas emerging from the tubular heating surfaces is fed to the circulating pump in the simplest possible way, in particular gas channels are avoided which must penetrate the steam generator jacket and the compensation tube bundle assigned to its upper end .
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurchgelöst, dass das Steigrohr sich von der den Ringkanal aufbauenden Heissgasumlenkeinrichtung bis zu dem Austrittsende der Rohrbündel hin erstreckt.This object is achieved in that the riser pipe extends from the hot gas deflecting device that builds up the ring channel to the outlet end of the tube bundle.
Durch diese Anordnung kann das aus den Rohrbündeln austretende Gas in einer mittigen Strömung dem Umwälzgebläse zugeführt werden, ohne dass ein Durchdringen des Wärmetauschers durch Gasführungskanäle erforderlich ist, wie in der EP-A2-205 973 vorgeschlagen. Für die Zufuhr wird der im Zentrum der Rohrbündel vorhandene Totraum benutzt.As a result of this arrangement, the gas emerging from the tube bundles can be fed to the circulating fan in a central flow, without the need to penetrate the heat exchanger through gas routing channels, as proposed in EP-A2-205 973. The dead space in the center of the tube bundle is used for the supply.
Es ist zweckmässig, wenn das aus den Rohrbündein austretende Gas durch eine Gasführungseinrichtung so umgelenkt wird, dass es entlang der Oberfläche des Wärmetauschermantels in Richtung auf das Eintrittsende der Rohrbündel strömt, dann wiederum umgelenkt wird und längs der Innenwandung des Druckbehältermantels in Richtung auf das Eintrittsende des Steigrohres strömt. Durch Anordnung eines derartigen Umlenkbleches wird die Betriebssicherheit des Wärmetauschers verbessert. Ein aus dem Mantel des Wärmetauschers austretender Heissgasstrahl kann nicht direkt auf die Innenwandung des Dampferzeugers auftreffen, sondern trifft zunächst auf das Strömungsleitblech. Weiterhin sorgt die bevorzugte Strömungsführung dafür, dass der Druckbehälter im Bereich des Wärmetauschers mit einer gleichmässigen Betriebstemperatur beaufschlagt wird. Es wird bevorzugt, dass der Wärmetauscher aufrecht steht.It is expedient if the gas emerging from the tube bundles is deflected by a gas guiding device in such a way that it flows along the surface of the heat exchanger jacket in the direction of the inlet end of the tube bundle, then again is deflected and along the inner wall of the pressure vessel jacket in the direction of the inlet end of the Riser pipe flows. By arranging such a baffle, the operational safety of the heat exchanger is improved. A hot gas jet emerging from the jacket of the heat exchanger cannot strike the inner wall of the steam generator directly, but first hits the flow baffle. Furthermore, the preferred flow guide ensures that the pressure vessel is subjected to a uniform operating temperature in the area of the heat exchanger. It is preferred that the heat exchanger be upright.
Die Erfindung soll nun in einer Ausführungsform anhand der beigefügten Figur näher erläutert werden. Die Figur zeigt einen Schnitt durch einen Dampferzeuger, wie er zur Erzeugung von Dampf bei gasgekühlten thermischen Reaktoren zum Einsatz kommt.The invention will now be explained in more detail in an embodiment with reference to the attached figure. The figure shows a section through a steam generator as it is used to generate steam in gas-cooled thermal reactors.
In einem Druckbehälter 1 ist ein Wärmetauschergefäss 2 angeordnet. Zur Beaufschlagung des Dampferzeugers wird über eine Koaxialleitung 3 in einem Hochtemperaturreaktor erhitztes Kühlgas, z.B. Helium, herangeführt. Die Koaxialleitung wird von einem innenliegenden Gasführungsrohr 4 und einem aussenliegenden Rohr 5 gebildet, das mit dem Druckbehälter 1 verschweisst ist. Der seitlich herangeführten Koaxialleitung 3, die sich bei aufrecht stehendem Dampferzeuger somit horizontal erstreckt, ist in dem Mantel 6 des Dampferzeugers eine Gaseintrittsöffnung 6a zugeordnet. Zentrisch zum Wärmetauscher 2 und zum Druckbehälter 1 erstreckt sich durch den Wärmetauscher ein Steigrohr 7, das das untere Ende des Wärmetauschers 2 mit dem Einlassende 8 eines nicht weiter dargestellten Umwälzgebläses verbindet. Im Bereich der Einlassöffnung 6a begrenzt der Mantel 6 des Wärmetauschers zusammen mit der Aussenwandung des Steigrohres 7 einen Ringkanal 9, in den über die Gaseintrittsöffnung 6a das Heissgas HG einströmt.A
In dem Wärmetauschermantel 6 sind die von dem Heissgas zu beaufschlagenden Rohrheizflächen 10 um das Steigrohr 7 herum angeordnet. Das untere Ende der Rohrheizflächen 10 ist mit einem Speisewassereintritt 11 verbunden, während ihr oberes Ende mit einem Heissdampfaustritt 12 verbunden ist. Die Verbindungen sind in der Figur schematisch strichpunktiert dargestellt. Durch Kreuzschraffur sind in der Figur Isolierungen 13 dargestellt.The
Mit dem unteren Ende des Steigrohres ist eine Gasumlenkung 14 verbunden, die aus einem Umlenkboden 14a und einem Mantel 14b besteht, der sich in dem Ringraum zwischen Mantel 6 des Wärmetauschers 2 und Innenwandung des Druckbehälters 1 erstreckt. Dem freien Ende des Umlenkmantels ist mit Abstand eine Umlenkhaube 15 zugeordnet, die sowohl mit einem Wärmetauscher 2 als auch mit dem Druckbehälter 1 gasdicht verbunden ist. Wie aus der Figur ersichtlich ist, ist der Wärmetauscher vorzugsweise über diese Umlenkhaube 15 in dem Druckbehälter aufgehängt. Das über das Gaseintrittsende 10a in die Rohrbündel 10 eintretende Gas verlässt diese an ihrem Gasaustrittsende 10b und wird durch das Bodenblech in den Ringraum zwischen Wärmetauschermantel 6 und Umlenkmanntel 14 umgelenkt.A
Danach erfolgt eine Umlenkung durch die Umlenkhaube 15, so dass das Gas zwischen der Aussenseite des Mantels 14b und der Innenwandung des Mantels 1 nach unten strömt und von dort in das untere Ende des Steigrohres 7 eintreten kann.This is followed by a deflection through the deflection hood 15, so that the gas flows down between the outside of the casing 14b and the inside wall of the
Sollte der Mantel 6 im Bereich der Heizflächen perforiert werden, trifft der austretende Heissgasstrahl auf den Umlenkmantel 14b und nicht auf den Druckbehälter 1 auf.If the
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3529634 | 1985-08-19 | ||
DE19853529634 DE3529634A1 (en) | 1985-08-19 | 1985-08-19 | HEAT EXCHANGER FOR THE HEAT EXCHANGE BETWEEN A HOT GAS AND A FLUID AGENT IN PIPE BUNNING HEATING AREAS, ESPECIALLY STEAM GENERATOR FOR GAS-COOLED HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTORS |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0215214A1 EP0215214A1 (en) | 1987-03-25 |
EP0215214B1 true EP0215214B1 (en) | 1988-12-07 |
Family
ID=6278834
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86109002A Expired EP0215214B1 (en) | 1985-08-19 | 1986-07-02 | Heat exchanger for heat exchange between a hot gas and a flow in tube bundle heat surfaces, particularly a steam generator for gas-cooled high-temperature reactors |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4694897A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0215214B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3529634A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10303341A1 (en) * | 2003-01-29 | 2004-08-26 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Air cooler for power plant has casing around helical pipe bundle, first volume that forms inner casing separate from pressure vessel enclosed by cylindrical outer casing with annular gap between them |
JP2012007761A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2012-01-12 | Toshiba Corp | Heat exchanger and nozzle of heat exchanger |
EP3246647B1 (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2019-10-30 | Borgwarner Emissions Systems Spain, S.L.U. | Heat exchange device |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE717495C (en) * | 1940-08-03 | 1942-02-16 | Bergedorfer Eisenwerk Ag | Evaporator for refrigeration machines |
US2468903A (en) * | 1945-09-22 | 1949-05-03 | Tech Studien Ag | Vertical tubular heat exchanger |
NO125206B (en) * | 1969-07-04 | 1972-07-31 | Norsk Hydro Elektrisk | |
GB1376566A (en) * | 1972-02-22 | 1974-12-04 | Trepaud G | Heat exchanger |
DE2448466A1 (en) * | 1974-10-11 | 1976-04-22 | Otto & Co Gmbh Dr C | BOILER WITH WALL MADE OF WELDABLE MATERIAL |
DE2557085A1 (en) * | 1975-12-18 | 1977-07-07 | Otto & Co Gmbh Dr C | DEVICE FOR REGULATING THE WALL TEMPERATURE OF A PRESSURE BOILER |
CH607803A5 (en) * | 1976-11-12 | 1978-10-31 | Sulzer Ag | |
DE2846581A1 (en) * | 1978-10-26 | 1980-05-08 | Ght Hochtemperaturreak Tech | HEAT EXCHANGER FOR GASES OF HIGH TEMPERATURE |
FR2458131A1 (en) * | 1979-05-31 | 1980-12-26 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | INTERMEDIATE HEAT EXCHANGER FOR NUCLEAR REACTOR |
FR2477265A1 (en) * | 1980-02-29 | 1981-09-04 | Framatome Sa | PRE-HEATING STEAM GENERATOR |
DE3012596A1 (en) * | 1980-04-01 | 1981-10-08 | Hochtemperatur-Reaktorbau GmbH, 5000 Köln | Heat exchanger esp. steam generator for gas cooled reactor - has helical tube bundle in annular space with central steam outlet duct |
CH645713A5 (en) * | 1982-04-22 | 1984-10-15 | Sulzer Ag | HEAT EXCHANGER. |
DE3421746C2 (en) * | 1984-06-12 | 1994-06-09 | Apparatebau Wiesloch Gmbh | Heat exchanger |
DE3519038C1 (en) * | 1985-05-28 | 1987-01-15 | Steinmueller Gmbh L & C | Cold gas flow control for a steam generator for a high temperature reactor |
-
1985
- 1985-08-19 DE DE19853529634 patent/DE3529634A1/en active Granted
-
1986
- 1986-07-02 EP EP86109002A patent/EP0215214B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-08-18 US US06/897,379 patent/US4694897A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3529634A1 (en) | 1987-02-26 |
EP0215214A1 (en) | 1987-03-25 |
DE3529634C2 (en) | 1987-07-30 |
US4694897A (en) | 1987-09-22 |
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