EP0215043A1 - Method for making a coil of a solenoidal magnet. - Google Patents
Method for making a coil of a solenoidal magnet.Info
- Publication number
- EP0215043A1 EP0215043A1 EP86901414A EP86901414A EP0215043A1 EP 0215043 A1 EP0215043 A1 EP 0215043A1 EP 86901414 A EP86901414 A EP 86901414A EP 86901414 A EP86901414 A EP 86901414A EP 0215043 A1 EP0215043 A1 EP 0215043A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- discs
- indium
- assembled
- portions
- parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/20—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets without armatures
- H01F7/202—Electromagnets for high magnetic field strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S29/00—Metal working
- Y10S29/022—Method or apparatus using indium
Definitions
- the invention due to the collaboration of the National Service of the Intensive Fields of the CNRS (Director M. AUBERT) relates to a process for manufacturing a Bitter type coil, entering more particularly into the constitution of a large magnet.
- NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- NMR imaging installations require a large magnet capable of generating a uniform magnetic field in a determined region of space. Typically, it is necessary to generate a magnetic field of 0.15 to 0.5 teslas with a homogeneity of 1 to 10 parts per million (ppm) in a sphere of 0 cm in diameter at least.
- ppm parts per million
- Bitter coils are well known for the production of strong magnetic fields.
- the structure proposed by Bitter is a coil made up of metallic annular discs (generally made of copper or aluminum), split to form as many turns and connected to define a sensitive winding.
- the stack of discs is maintained by a plurality of tie rods.
- This structure is advantageous because it allows efficient cooling of the magnet, by making holes in the discs (and in the insulators separating these discs), these holes being arranged in the same configuration-
- a magnet delivering a magnetic field of homogeneity required in a certain volume in the vicinity of its center of symmetry and consisting of a number of such Bitter coils arranged along a common longitudinal axis. Methods of calculating such magnets are for example explained in other patent applications of the Applicant.
- the invention mainly relates to a method of construction of such a Bitter type coil, consisting in forming a winding of turns in the form of flat annular metal discs and in producing a contiguous stack of such discs, characterized in that butt connection of such discs or parts of such discs by welding with the addition of indium.
- Indium welding can be carried out at relatively low temperature (of the order of 200) to avoid deformation of the discs or portions of discs, which makes it possible to obtain a particularly regular winding with contiguous turns.
- indium has the additional advantage of excellent electrical conductivity.
- the addition of indium is preferably carried out prior to welding by electrolytic deposition on portions to be assembled, the welding then being carried out by heating said portions in the assembly position, for example by means of a "HF turn".
- the portions to be assembled are provided with indentations of complementary shapes and dimensions and the deposition of indium is carried out on these indentations.
- FIG. 2 is a detail view illustrating the assembly of two similar disc parts, after the deposition of indium and before the welding of said parts.
- the basic structure used according to the invention for producing a large Bitter coil usable, in particular, in an NMR imaging installation to generate a uniform magnetic field of great homogeneity.
- Each coil is made up of end-to-end assembly of parts 12 of flat annular discs.
- Each disc part 12 comprises, in the example shown, opposite recesses 14, 15, of complementary shapes and dimensions, at each of its ends respectively.
- the recess 14 of a disc part can be assembled by welding to the recess 15 of another neighboring disc part and so on with the interposition of insulation between the turns, until a coil of Complete bitter.
- each disc part 12 has holes 16 according to a predetermined configuration which, with the corresponding holes in the disc parts of the other turns, reconstitute the coolant circulation channels parallel to the axis of the coil.
- Other holes 17 of larger diameter are also provided in each disc part for the passage of the tie rods ensuring the winding with contiguous turns, according to the conventional technique defined by Bitter.
- the welds of the disc parts 12 are carried out with the addition of indium by heating to a relatively low temperature, which avoids deformations of the Bitter discs, the thickness of which is of the order of only 2 mm for a diameter. outside of the order of a meter.
- the positioning accuracy of the parts to be assembled and the quality of the weld are significantly improved if the indium 18 is previously electrolytically deposited on the surfaces to be assembled, that is to say here on the surfaces.
- the electrolytic deposition of indium on a piece of copper is within the reach of the skilled person. It will be preferably after electrolytic polishing of the portions comprising said recesses.
- the precut of the disc parts is such that, as shown, each of them represents a fraction of turn of the coil, here close to a third of turn. More precisely, the portions of discs are all identical and each represents a non-whole fraction of a complete turn (that is to say different from a half, a third, a quarter, ...) so that the welded areas of the stack are distributed in a helix, and not grouped along one or more generators of the coil.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
- Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
Abstract
Procédé de fabrication d'une bobine de Bitter par soudures à l'indium. Selon l'invention, des disques de Bitter ou parties (12) de tels disques sont soudés avec apport d'indium, de préférence déposé électrolytiquement sur les portions (14, 15) à assembler. Application à la RMN.Method for manufacturing a Bitter coil by indium welding. According to the invention, Bitter discs or parts (12) of such discs are welded with an addition of indium, preferably deposited electrolytically on the portions (14, 15) to be assembled. Application to NMR.
Description
Procédé de fabrication d'une bobine d'un aimant solenoidal. Method of manufacturing a coil of a solenoid magnet.
L'invention due à la collaboration du Service National des Champs Intenses du CNRS (Directeur M. AUBERT) concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une bobine de type Bitter, entrant plus particulièrement dans la constitution d'un aimant de grandes dimen-The invention due to the collaboration of the National Service of the Intensive Fields of the CNRS (Director M. AUBERT) relates to a process for manufacturing a Bitter type coil, entering more particularly into the constitution of a large magnet.
^ sions susceptible d'être utilisé dans une installation d'imagerie par^ sions likely to be used in a imaging facility by
Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire (RMN) ; l'invention concerne aussi un aimant solenoîdal comportant au moins une bobine de type Bitter construite par mise en oeuvre de ce procédé.Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR); the invention also relates to a solenoid magnet comprising at least one Bitter type coil constructed by implementing this process.
On sait que les installations d'imagerie par RMN nécessitent i n un aimant de grande dimension capable d'engendrer un champ magnétique uniforme dans une région déterminée de l'espace. Typi¬ quement, il est nécessaire d'engendrer un champ magnétique de 0,15 à 0,5 teslas avec une homogénéité de 1 à 10 parties par million (ppm) dans une sphère de 0 cm de diamètre au moins. i Par ailleurs, les bobines de Bitter sont bien connues pour la production de champs magnétiques intenses. La structure proposée par Bitter est un bobinage constitué de disques annulaires métal¬ liques (généralement en cuivre ou en aluminium), fendus pour former autant de spires et raccordés pour définir un enroulement sensi-It is known that NMR imaging installations require a large magnet capable of generating a uniform magnetic field in a determined region of space. Typically, it is necessary to generate a magnetic field of 0.15 to 0.5 teslas with a homogeneity of 1 to 10 parts per million (ppm) in a sphere of 0 cm in diameter at least. i In addition, Bitter coils are well known for the production of strong magnetic fields. The structure proposed by Bitter is a coil made up of metallic annular discs (generally made of copper or aluminum), split to form as many turns and connected to define a sensitive winding.
20 blement hélicoïdal à spires plates. L'empilement de disques est maintenu par une pluralité de tirants. Cette structure est avan¬ tageuse car elle permet un refroidissement efficace de l'aimant, en pratiquant des trous dans les disques (et dans les isolants séparant ces disques), ces trous étant disposés suivant une même configu-20 clearly helical with flat turns. The stack of discs is maintained by a plurality of tie rods. This structure is advantageous because it allows efficient cooling of the magnet, by making holes in the discs (and in the insulators separating these discs), these holes being arranged in the same configuration-
25 ration d'un disque à l'autre pour matérialiser un ensemble de canaux parallèles à l'axe de la bobine, dans lesquels circule un fluide de refroidissement, par exemple de l'eau désionisée, du kérozène ou de l'huile.
Il est possible de calculer un aimant délivrant un champ magnétique d'homogénéïté requise dans un certain volume au voi¬ sinage de son centre de symétrie et constitué d'un certain nombre de telles bobines de Bitter agencées le long d'un axe longitudinal commun. Des modes de calcul de tels aimants sont par exemple explicités dans d'autres demandes de brevet de la Demanderesse.25 ration from one disc to another to materialize a set of channels parallel to the axis of the coil, in which circulates a cooling fluid, for example deionized water, kerosene or oil. It is possible to calculate a magnet delivering a magnetic field of homogeneity required in a certain volume in the vicinity of its center of symmetry and consisting of a number of such Bitter coils arranged along a common longitudinal axis. Methods of calculating such magnets are for example explained in other patent applications of the Applicant.
L'invention concerne principalement un procédé de cons¬ truction d'une telle bobine de type Bitter, consistant à former un enroulement de spires en forme de disques métalliques annulaires plats et à réaliser un empilement jointif de tels disques, caractérisé en ce qu'on raccorde bout à bout de tels disques ou des parties de tels disques par soudure avec apport d'indium.The invention mainly relates to a method of construction of such a Bitter type coil, consisting in forming a winding of turns in the form of flat annular metal discs and in producing a contiguous stack of such discs, characterized in that butt connection of such discs or parts of such discs by welding with the addition of indium.
La soudure à l'indium peut s'effectuer à relativement basse température (de l'ordre de 200 ) pour éviter les déformations des disques ou portions de disques, ce qui permet d'obtenir un enrou¬ lement particulièrement régulier à spires jointives. De plus, l'indium présente l'avantage supplémentaire d'une excellente conductivité électrique.Indium welding can be carried out at relatively low temperature (of the order of 200) to avoid deformation of the discs or portions of discs, which makes it possible to obtain a particularly regular winding with contiguous turns. In addition, indium has the additional advantage of excellent electrical conductivity.
En outre l'apport d'indium est de préférence effectué préa- lablement à la soudure par dépôt electrolytique sur des portions à assembler, la soudure s'effectuant ensuite en chauffant lesdites portions en positon d'assemblage, par exemple au moyen d'une "spire HF". Selon un mode de réalisation possible, les portions à assembler sont munies d'embrèvements de formes et dimensions complé- mentaires et le dépôt d'indium est effectué sur ces embrèvements.Furthermore, the addition of indium is preferably carried out prior to welding by electrolytic deposition on portions to be assembled, the welding then being carried out by heating said portions in the assembly position, for example by means of a "HF turn". According to a possible embodiment, the portions to be assembled are provided with indentations of complementary shapes and dimensions and the deposition of indium is carried out on these indentations.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront mieux à la lumière de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel : - la figure 1 représente une partie de disque utilisée pour la réalisation d'une bobine de type Eitter_ _The invention will be better understood and other advantages thereof will appear better in the light of the description which follows, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the appended drawing in which: - Figure 1 shows a part of disc used for the realization of a reel of type Eitter_ _
- la figure 2 est une vue de détail illustrant l'assemblage de deux parties de disque semblables, après le dépôt d'indium et avant la soudure desdites parties.
En se reportant aux dessins, on a représenté la structure de base utilisée selon l'invention, pour réaliser une bobine de Bitter de grandes dimensions utilisable, notamment, dans une installation d'imagerie par RMN pour engendrer un champ magnétique uniforme de grande homogénéîté. Chaque bobine est constituée de- l'as¬ semblage bout à bout de parties 12 de disques annulaires plats. Chaque partie de disque 12 comporte, dans l'exemple représenté, des embrèvements 14, 15 opposés, de formes et dimensions complé¬ mentaires, à chacune de ses extrémités respectivement. Ainsi, l'embrèvement 14 d'une partie de disque pourra être assemblé par soudure à l'embrèvement 15 d'une autre partie de disque voisine et ainsi de suite avec interposition d'isolant entre les spires, jusqu'à reconstituer une bobine de Bitter complète. Comme représenté, chaque partie de disque 12 comporte des trous 16 suivant une configuration, prédéterminée qui, avec les trous correspondants de parties de disque des autres spires, reconstituent des canaux de circulation de fluide de refroidissement parallèles à l'axe de la bobine. D'autres trous 17 de plus grand diamètre sont également prévus dans chaque partie de disque pour le passage des tirants assurant le bobinage à spires jointives, selon la technique classique définie par Bitter.- Figure 2 is a detail view illustrating the assembly of two similar disc parts, after the deposition of indium and before the welding of said parts. Referring to the drawings, there is shown the basic structure used according to the invention, for producing a large Bitter coil usable, in particular, in an NMR imaging installation to generate a uniform magnetic field of great homogeneity. Each coil is made up of end-to-end assembly of parts 12 of flat annular discs. Each disc part 12 comprises, in the example shown, opposite recesses 14, 15, of complementary shapes and dimensions, at each of its ends respectively. Thus, the recess 14 of a disc part can be assembled by welding to the recess 15 of another neighboring disc part and so on with the interposition of insulation between the turns, until a coil of Complete bitter. As shown, each disc part 12 has holes 16 according to a predetermined configuration which, with the corresponding holes in the disc parts of the other turns, reconstitute the coolant circulation channels parallel to the axis of the coil. Other holes 17 of larger diameter are also provided in each disc part for the passage of the tie rods ensuring the winding with contiguous turns, according to the conventional technique defined by Bitter.
Selon l'invention, les soudures des parties de disque 12 sont effectuées avec apport d'indium par chauffage à relativement basse température, ce qui évite les déformations des disques de Bitter dont l'épaisseur est de l'ordre de 2mm seulement pour un diamètre extérieur de l'ordre du mètre. On peut par exemple interposer une fine plaquette d'indium entre les embrèvements en position d'as¬ semblage et chauffer pour faire fondre l'indium. On a constaté cependant que la précision de positionnement des parties à as- sembler et la qualité de la soudure étaient notablement améliorés si l'indium 18 est préalablement déposé electrolytiquement sur les surfaces à assembler, c'est-à-dire ici sur les surfaces des embrè¬ vements 14 et 15. Le dépôt electrolytique d'indium sur une pièce de cuivre est à la portée de l'homme du métier. Il s'effectuera de
préférence après polissage electrolytique des portions comportant lesdits embrèvements. Le prédécoupage des parties de disques est tel que, comme représenté, chacune d'elle représente une fraction de spire de la bobine, ici voisine d'un tiers de spire. Plus préci¬ sément, les portions de disques sont toutes identiques et chacune représente une fraction non entière d'une spire complète (c'est-à- dire différente d'un demi, un tiers, un quart, ...) pour que les zones soudées de l'empilement soient réparties en hélice, et non re¬ groupées le long d'une ou plusieurs génératrices de la bobine.
According to the invention, the welds of the disc parts 12 are carried out with the addition of indium by heating to a relatively low temperature, which avoids deformations of the Bitter discs, the thickness of which is of the order of only 2 mm for a diameter. outside of the order of a meter. One can for example interpose a thin indium wafer between the dimples in the assembly position and heat to melt the indium. However, it has been found that the positioning accuracy of the parts to be assembled and the quality of the weld are significantly improved if the indium 18 is previously electrolytically deposited on the surfaces to be assembled, that is to say here on the surfaces. embè¬ vements 14 and 15. The electrolytic deposition of indium on a piece of copper is within the reach of the skilled person. It will be preferably after electrolytic polishing of the portions comprising said recesses. The precut of the disc parts is such that, as shown, each of them represents a fraction of turn of the coil, here close to a third of turn. More precisely, the portions of discs are all identical and each represents a non-whole fraction of a complete turn (that is to say different from a half, a third, a quarter, ...) so that the welded areas of the stack are distributed in a helix, and not grouped along one or more generators of the coil.
Claims
1. Procédé de fabrication d'une bobine de type Bitter consis¬ tant à former un enroulement de spires en forme de disques annulaires métalliques plats, et à réaliser un empilement jointif de tels disques, caractérisé en ce qu'on raccorde bout à bout de tels disques ou des parties (12) de tels disques par soudure avec apport d'indium.1. A method of manufacturing a Bitter type coil which consists in forming a winding of turns in the form of flat metallic annular discs, and in making a contiguous stack of such discs, characterized in that it is connected end to end such discs or parts (12) of such discs by welding with the addition of indium.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'apport d'indium est effectué préalablement à la soudure par dépôt electrolytique sur des portions (14, 15) à assembler.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the addition of indium is carried out prior to welding by electrolytic deposition on portions (14, 15) to be assembled.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce 0 qu'il consiste, les portions à assembler comportant chaque fois des embrèvements de formes et dimensions complémentaires, à placer de l'indium sur au moins l'un desdits embrèvements avant d'effectuer la soudure par chauffage desdites portions en position d'assemblage.3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it consists, the portions to be assembled comprising each time recesses of complementary shapes and dimensions, to place indium on at least one of said recesses before d 'Perform welding by heating said portions in the assembly position.
4. Procédé selon l'une- des revendications précédentes, carac¬4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, carac¬
15 térisé en ce qu'on assemble successivement des parties de disque annulaires représentant une fraction de spire.15 terized in that successively assembles annular disc portions representing a fraction of a turn.
5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'on assemble successivement des parties égales de disques annulaires,5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that successively assembles equal parts of annular discs,
20 chacune étant différente d'une fraction entière d'une spire com¬ plète, pour que les zones soudées dudit empilement soient réparties en hélice.20 each being different from an entire fraction of a complete turn, so that the welded zones of said stack are distributed in a helix.
6. Aimant solenoîdal à disques annulaires plats de type Bitter, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué de tels disques ou parties de tels6. Solenoid magnet with flat annular discs of the Bitter type, characterized in that it consists of such discs or parts of such
- _ disques (12) assemblés bout à bout par des soudures à l'indium.- _ discs (12) assembled end to end by indium welds.
7. Aimant solenoîdal selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'à chaque jonction soudée, l'indium se présente sous la forme d'une couche uniforme résultant de la fusion de deux dépôts élec- troly tiques (18) d'indium sur les portions assemblées.7. solenoid magnet according to claim 6, characterized in that at each welded junction, indium is in the form of a uniform layer resulting from the fusion of two electrolytic deposits (18) of indium on the assembled portions.
30 8. Aimant solenoîdal selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'indium recouvre des embrèvements (14, 15) de formes et dimensions complémentaires, pratiqués aux extrémités des parties assemblées.8. Solenoid magnet according to claim 7, characterized in that the indium covers recesses (14, 15) of shapes and complementary dimensions, made at the ends of the assembled parts.
9. Aimant solenoîdal selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il est matérialisé par l'assemblage bout à bout de parties égales de disques annulaires plats, représentant chacun une fraction de spire, de préférence voisine d'un tiers de spire.9. solenoid magnet according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that it is materialized by the end-to-end assembly of equal parts of flat annular discs, each representing a fraction of a turn, preferably close to a third of a turn.
10. Aimant solenoîdal selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que chaque partie de disque annulaire représente une fraction non entière d'une spire complète. 10. Solenoid magnet according to claim 9, characterized in that each part of the annular disc represents a non-whole fraction of a complete turn.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8502971A FR2578057B1 (en) | 1985-02-28 | 1985-02-28 | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A BITTER-TYPE COIL AND SOLENOIDAL MAGNET RESULTING FROM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROCESS |
| FR8502971 | 1985-02-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0215043A1 true EP0215043A1 (en) | 1987-03-25 |
| EP0215043B1 EP0215043B1 (en) | 1990-04-11 |
Family
ID=9316740
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP86901414A Expired - Lifetime EP0215043B1 (en) | 1985-02-28 | 1986-02-21 | Method for making a coil of a solenoidal magnet |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4823101A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0215043B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3670397D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2578057B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1986005312A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6876288B2 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2005-04-05 | Andrey V. Gavrilin | Transverse field bitter-type magnet |
| FR2896700A1 (en) | 2006-01-27 | 2007-08-03 | Skis Rossignol Sas Soc Par Act | FASTENING LOOP WITH SECURED ACCOMMODATION ELEMENT |
| US7609139B2 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2009-10-27 | Florida State University Research Foundation | Split Florida-helix magnet |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2438967A (en) * | 1943-05-21 | 1948-04-06 | Indium Corp | Indium-gold article and method |
| FR1209196A (en) * | 1958-05-31 | 1960-02-29 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | New ironless coils for the production of permanent or transient magnetic fields |
| FR1494887A (en) * | 1966-08-02 | 1967-09-15 | Fives Lille Cail | Electric coils and method of manufacturing such coils |
| US3497951A (en) * | 1967-11-01 | 1970-03-03 | Ite Imperial Corp | Bus-bar joints and methods for producing them |
| FR2175530A1 (en) * | 1972-03-13 | 1973-10-26 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Soldering aluminium to beryllium - using soft solder |
| US3864507A (en) * | 1974-02-25 | 1975-02-04 | Aluminum Co Of America | Electrical conductor |
| US4165148A (en) * | 1978-07-19 | 1979-08-21 | Square D Company | Compressible electrical connector with positive mechanical lock |
-
1985
- 1985-02-28 FR FR8502971A patent/FR2578057B1/en not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-02-21 DE DE8686901414T patent/DE3670397D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-02-21 WO PCT/FR1986/000056 patent/WO1986005312A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1986-02-21 EP EP86901414A patent/EP0215043B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-02-21 US US06/926,416 patent/US4823101A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO8605312A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2578057A1 (en) | 1986-08-29 |
| DE3670397D1 (en) | 1990-05-17 |
| EP0215043B1 (en) | 1990-04-11 |
| FR2578057B1 (en) | 1987-02-20 |
| US4823101A (en) | 1989-04-18 |
| WO1986005312A1 (en) | 1986-09-12 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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