EP0205991B1 - Oil burner - Google Patents

Oil burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0205991B1
EP0205991B1 EP86107393A EP86107393A EP0205991B1 EP 0205991 B1 EP0205991 B1 EP 0205991B1 EP 86107393 A EP86107393 A EP 86107393A EP 86107393 A EP86107393 A EP 86107393A EP 0205991 B1 EP0205991 B1 EP 0205991B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
ceramic
jacket
open
oil burner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86107393A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0205991A2 (en
EP0205991A3 (en
Inventor
Rolf Tschudin-Mahrer
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Irbit Research and Consulting AG
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Irbit Research and Consulting AG
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Priority to AT86107393T priority Critical patent/ATE49287T1/en
Publication of EP0205991A2 publication Critical patent/EP0205991A2/en
Publication of EP0205991A3 publication Critical patent/EP0205991A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0205991B1 publication Critical patent/EP0205991B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/404—Flame tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
    • F23M9/06—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields in fire-boxes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an oil burner according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • a tube-like heat conductor surrounds the burner nozzle.
  • Silicon nitride, aluminum titanate or glass is specified as the material for this tubular heat conductor.
  • this heat conductor can also have a capillary-acting inner layer.
  • the evaporator insert can have a certain porosity. Otherwise, the evaporator insert is designed as a solid body. It therefore has a relatively high heat capacity. This is not advantageous in terms of heat and combustion, in particular with regard to a desired pyrolysis.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an oil burner with a burner nozzle directed into a flame space, which has a jacket made of ceramic material, which can be easily produced with the lowest possible heat capacity and which has the advantages of a capillary-acting inner layer.
  • the ceramic jacket which practically surrounds the flame like a mantle, brings about a significant reduction in exhaust emissions due to heat concentration. The better combustion also leads to the desired saving in emergency energy. A strong temperature increase takes place in the glow-stocking-like ceramic jacket with a corresponding afterburner effect.
  • the jacket acts as a thermal insulator. Due to the distribution of the flame inside the ceramic jacket, there is also a significant reduction in noise. Significant improvements were achieved in particular with thermo-insulators with appropriate porosity and stimulating opening: nitrogen oxide emissions were reduced by 10 ppm, in some cases up to 20 ppm. With a suitably open-pore but externally closed thermal insulator, a considerable reduction in the starting soot impact can even be observed.
  • the ceramic jacket is frustoconical in shape and that the frustoconical cross-sectional area opposite the burner nozzle has an opening with a smaller cross section than the burner mixing tube.
  • the diameter of the opening varies depending on the burner output.
  • the larger truncated cone surface is dimensioned so that the ceramic jacket can be attached to the mixing tube. This is usually based on standardized dimensions, which has the advantage that combustion plants. can even be retrofitted without much effort.
  • the front wall 1 of the boiler of an oil firing system carries an oil burner 2. Part of the same is a mixing tube 3 which is held cylindrically over the major portion of its length.
  • the mixing tube 3 contains, supported by four radial webs 4, a central, replaceable burner nozzle 5. The latter connects to a so-called oil preheater 6.
  • An ignition electrode 7 is located in the space between the radial webs 4.
  • a swirl disk 8 in a transverse plane to the horizontally oriented longitudinal center axis x-x of the oil burner 2. Its center is broken through in a width which corresponds approximately to the diameter of the burner nozzle 5.
  • This opening usually has four radially aligned slots with the same angular distribution. One edge portion of the slots is notched to form a baffle 8 'in such a way that the air flow pushed through in the direction of flame y is swirled. The air flow generator pushing this air flow through the mixing tube is no longer shown.
  • the swirl disk 8 continues in the flame direction into a pot wall 9, the edge of which is flush with the end edge 3 'of the end of the mixing tube 3 which tapers in the shape of a truncated cone in this area.
  • a ceramic mat KF is attached to the mixing tube 3 and extends in the flame direction.
  • the latter encloses the flame space 10 located in front of the burner nozzle 3 porousness.
  • the ceramic jacket KF is frustoconical.
  • the taper is in the flame direction y.
  • the frustoconical surface 11 with a smaller cross section has an opening 12.
  • the latter extends in the center of the longitudinal central axis x-x.
  • the diameter of the opening 12 is chosen to be smaller than that of the burner mixing tube 3. This leads to a kind of traffic jam situation and an associated optimization of the more intensive combustion.
  • the larger truncated cone surface 13 also has a central opening 14. Their diameter corresponds to the outside diameter of the cylindrical mixing tube 3, so that the ceramic jacket KF can be easily pushed or plugged onto the jacket surface of the mixing tube using the conicity at the free end of the mixing tube. A holding flange can be molded onto the ceramic jacket.
  • the porosity of the ceramic jacket enables the preheated gas / air mixture to re-enter from the external flame chamber region 15 of the boiler in the region of the larger truncated cone surface 13 designed as a rear wall.
  • a corresponding recirculation can also be used for the truncated cone surface.
  • This mold core is cast around (covered), then the molded part is dried. During the subsequent firing, the foam evaporates and the jacket remains as a sufficiently firm, porous ceramic body.
  • its outer surface can also be included.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Abstract

1. An oil burner having a burner nozzle (5) directed into a flame chamber (15) which is disposed before the burner nozzle (5), has around it a ceramic jacket (KF) formed with an end-face aperture (12) and has a capillary inner layer, characterised in that the ceramic material (KF) is completely porous and is produced in an open-pore structure with a porosity of 10 to 50 ppi by an open-cell foam blank being enveloped in a ceramic substance and subsequently fired.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Ölbrenner nach den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to an oil burner according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Bei einem bekannten Ölbrenner (vgl. DE-A-1 28 36 534) umgibt ein rohrähnlicher Wärmeleiter die Brennerdüse. Für diesen rohrähnlichen Wärmeleiter wird als Werkstoff Silizium-Nitrid, Alu-Titanat oder Glas angegeben. Zumindest teilweise kann dieser Wärmeleiter auch eine kapillar wirkende Innenschicht aufweisen. Es ist beschrieben, daß der verdampfereinsatz eine gewisse Porösität besitzen kann. Im übrigen ist der Verdampfereinsatz jedoch als Vollkörper ausgebildet. Er besitzt damit eine relativ hohe Wärmekapazität. Dies ist wärmetechnisch und verbrennungstechnisch, insbesondere hinsichtlich einer erwünschten Pyrolyse nicht vorteilhaft.In a known oil burner (cf. DE-A-1 28 36 534), a tube-like heat conductor surrounds the burner nozzle. Silicon nitride, aluminum titanate or glass is specified as the material for this tubular heat conductor. At least in part, this heat conductor can also have a capillary-acting inner layer. It is described that the evaporator insert can have a certain porosity. Otherwise, the evaporator insert is designed as a solid body. It therefore has a relatively high heat capacity. This is not advantageous in terms of heat and combustion, in particular with regard to a desired pyrolysis.

Der Erfindung stellt sich hiervon ausgehend die Aufgabe, einen Ölbrenner mit in einen Flammraum gerichteter Brennerdüse anzugeben, der einen Mantel aus Keramikmaterial besitzt, welcher bei möglichst geringer Wärmekapazität einfach herstellbar ist und die Vorteile einer kapillar wirkenden Innenschicht besitzt.Proceeding from this, the object of the present invention is to provide an oil burner with a burner nozzle directed into a flame space, which has a jacket made of ceramic material, which can be easily produced with the lowest possible heat capacity and which has the advantages of a capillary-acting inner layer.

Diese Aufgabe ist bei der im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Erfindung gelöst.This object is achieved in the invention specified in claim 1.

Das Herstellungsverfahren für einen derartigen keramischen Mantel, durch Umgießen und anschließendes Brennen eines offenzelligen Schaumstoffrohlings mit Keramik-Masse, ist für sich genommen zwar bekannt, jedoch nicht für den beanspruchten Einsatzzweck.The manufacturing process for such a ceramic jacket, by casting and then firing an open-cell foam blank with ceramic mass, is known per se, but not for the claimed purpose.

Der praktisch wie ein Glühstrumpf die Flamme umgebende Keramikmantel bringt durch Hitzekonzentration eine deutliche Verringerung der Abgasemision. Die bessere Verbrennung führt überdies zu der angestrebten Emergieeinsparung. Im glühstrumpfartigen Keramikmantel findet eine starke Temperaturerhöhung statt mit einem entsprechenden Nachbrennereffekt. Der Mantel wirkt als Thermoisolator. Zufolge der Verteilung der Flamme im Inneren des Keramikmantels ergibt sich zudem eine deutliche Lärmminderung. Insbesondere mit Thermoisolatoren entsprechender Porosität und stimendiger Öffnung wurden erhebliche Verbesserungen erzielt: Die Stickoxidemissionen konnten um 10 ppm, vereinzelt bis zu 20 ppm gemindert werden. Mit entsprechend offenporigem, dabei aber außen geschlossenem Thermoisolator läßt sich sogar eine erhebliche Minderung des Anfahrrußstoßes beobachten. Die Stationärwerte von HC und CO können selbst bei schlechtem Brenner älterer Bauart erheblich verbessert werden. Es wurde gefunden, daß die in den ersten zwei Minuten nach dem Start durch die Auskühlung der Flamme am noch kalten Thermoisolator verschlechterte CO-Emission aufgewogen ist durch den späteren Betrieb. Wird die Wärmekapazität des Mantels durch aus der speziellen Herstellung resultierende Masse so gering gehalten, so kann die Startverschlechterung begrenzt und bei schlechten Brennern durch Vorteile im Stationärbetrieb z. T. mehr als wettgemacht werden. Die Anordnung des Thermoisolators behindert die Strömung der Flamme und des Abgases nicht; es ist lediglich auf allseits ausreichende Strömungsquerschnitte zu achten. Weiter erweist es sich für manche Brenner/Flammenformen als vorteilhaft, daß der Keramikmantel kegelstumpfförmig gestaltet ist und die der Brennerdüse gegenüberliegende, querschnittskleinere Kegelstumpffläche eine Öffnung aufweist mit gegenüber dem Brennermischrohr kleinerem Querschnitt. Je nach Brennerleistung varriert der Durchmesser der Öffnung. Die größere Kegelstumpffläche ist so bemessen, daß der Keramikmantel auf das Mischrohr aufgesteckt werden kann. Hier liegen in der Regel genormte Maße zugrunde, was den Vorteil hat, daß Feuerungsanlagen. sogar ohne größeren Aufwand nachgerüstet werden können.The ceramic jacket, which practically surrounds the flame like a mantle, brings about a significant reduction in exhaust emissions due to heat concentration. The better combustion also leads to the desired saving in emergency energy. A strong temperature increase takes place in the glow-stocking-like ceramic jacket with a corresponding afterburner effect. The jacket acts as a thermal insulator. Due to the distribution of the flame inside the ceramic jacket, there is also a significant reduction in noise. Significant improvements were achieved in particular with thermo-insulators with appropriate porosity and stimulating opening: nitrogen oxide emissions were reduced by 10 ppm, in some cases up to 20 ppm. With a suitably open-pore but externally closed thermal insulator, a considerable reduction in the starting soot impact can even be observed. The stationary values of HC and CO can be significantly improved even with poorly designed older burners. It was found that the CO emissions which had deteriorated in the first two minutes after the start due to the cooling of the flame on the still cold thermal insulator were outweighed by the later operation. If the heat capacity of the jacket is kept so low by mass resulting from the special manufacture, the start deterioration can be limited and, in the case of bad burners, by advantages in stationary operation, e.g. T. more than made up for. The arrangement of the thermal insulator does not hinder the flow of the flame and the exhaust gas; all that is required is sufficient flow cross-sections. Furthermore, it proves to be advantageous for some burner / flame shapes that the ceramic jacket is frustoconical in shape and that the frustoconical cross-sectional area opposite the burner nozzle has an opening with a smaller cross section than the burner mixing tube. The diameter of the opening varies depending on the burner output. The larger truncated cone surface is dimensioned so that the ceramic jacket can be attached to the mixing tube. This is usually based on standardized dimensions, which has the advantage that combustion plants. can even be retrofitted without much effort.

Der Gegenstand der Erfindung ist nachstehend anhand eines zeichnerisch veranschaulichten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert. Es zeigt :

  • Fig. 1 einen zur freien Sicht des Keramikmantel aufgebrochenen Kessel einer Ölbrenner-Feuerungsanlage und
  • Fig. 2 den Brenner mit zugeordnetem Keramikmantel im Horizontalschnitt.
The subject matter of the invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an illustrative embodiment. It shows :
  • Fig. 1 a broken open to the ceramic jacket boiler of an oil burner firing system and
  • Fig. 2 shows the burner with associated ceramic jacket in horizontal section.

Die Frontwand 1 des Kessels einer Ölfeuerungsanlage trägt einen Ölbrenner 2. Bestandteil desselben ist ein auf dem überwiegenden Abschnitt seiner Länge zylindrisch gehaltenes Mischrohr 3.The front wall 1 of the boiler of an oil firing system carries an oil burner 2. Part of the same is a mixing tube 3 which is held cylindrically over the major portion of its length.

Das Mischrohr 3 enthält, über vier Radialstege 4 abgestützt, eine zentralliegende, austauschbare Brennerdüse 5. Letztere schließt an einen sogenannten Ölvorwärmer 6 an.The mixing tube 3 contains, supported by four radial webs 4, a central, replaceable burner nozzle 5. The latter connects to a so-called oil preheater 6.

Im Zwischenraum zwischen den Radialstegen 4 befindet sich eine Zündelektrode 7.An ignition electrode 7 is located in the space between the radial webs 4.

Kurz vor der Brennerdüsen-Offnung liegt in einer Querebene zur horizontal ausgerichteten Längsmittelachse x-x des Ölbrenners 2 eine Drallscheibe 8. Diese ist mit den sich verjüngenden, in Flammrichtung y weisenden Köpfen der Radialstege 4 fest verbunden. Ihr Zentrum ist in einer Breite durchbrochen, welche etwa dem Durchmesser der Brennerdüse 5 entspricht. Von dieser Durchbrechung gehen in gleicher Winkelverteilung meist vier radial ausgerichtete Schlitze aus. Die eine Randpartie der Schlitze ist zu einem Leitblech 8' ausgeklinkt, derart, daß ein Verwirbeln des in Flammrichtung y durchgedrückten Luftstromes erfolgt. Der diesen Luftstrom durch das Mischrohr hindurchdrückende Luftstromerzeuger ist nicht mehr dargestellt.Shortly before the burner nozzle opening, there is a swirl disk 8 in a transverse plane to the horizontally oriented longitudinal center axis x-x of the oil burner 2. Its center is broken through in a width which corresponds approximately to the diameter of the burner nozzle 5. This opening usually has four radially aligned slots with the same angular distribution. One edge portion of the slots is notched to form a baffle 8 'in such a way that the air flow pushed through in the direction of flame y is swirled. The air flow generator pushing this air flow through the mixing tube is no longer shown.

Die Drallscheibe 8 setzt sich in Flammrichtung in eine Topfwand 9 fort, deren Rand ebenengleich mit dem Stirnrand 3' des in diesem Bereich kegelstupmfförmig verjüngten Endes des Mischrohrer 3 abschließt.The swirl disk 8 continues in the flame direction into a pot wall 9, the edge of which is flush with the end edge 3 'of the end of the mixing tube 3 which tapers in the shape of a truncated cone in this area.

Auf das Mischrohr 3 ist in Fiammrichtung sich erstreckend ein Keramikmatel KF aufgesteckt. Letzterer umschließt den vor der Brennerdüse 3 liegenden Flammraum 10. Es liegt bezüglich dieses Keramikmantels eine höhe Porösität vor. Durch Pyrolyse wird die Emission der Abgase verringert und eine intensive Verbrennung erreicht.A ceramic mat KF is attached to the mixing tube 3 and extends in the flame direction. The latter encloses the flame space 10 located in front of the burner nozzle 3 porousness. By pyrolysis, the emission of the exhaust gases is reduced and intensive combustion is achieved.

Der Keramikmantel KF ist kegelstumpfförmig gestaltet. Die Verjüngung liegt in Flammrichtung y. Die querschnittskleinere Kegelstumpffläche 11 besitzt eine Öffnung 12. Letztere erstreckt sich im Zentrum der Längsmittelachse x-x. Der Durchmesser der Öffnung 12 ist gegenüber dem des Brennermischrohres 3 kleiner gewählt. Dies führt zu einer Art Stausituation und einer damit verbundenen Optimierung der intensiveren Verbrennung.The ceramic jacket KF is frustoconical. The taper is in the flame direction y. The frustoconical surface 11 with a smaller cross section has an opening 12. The latter extends in the center of the longitudinal central axis x-x. The diameter of the opening 12 is chosen to be smaller than that of the burner mixing tube 3. This leads to a kind of traffic jam situation and an associated optimization of the more intensive combustion.

Die größere Kegelstumpffläche 13 weist ebenfalls eine zentrale Öffnung 14 auf. Deren Durchmesser entspricht dem Außendruchmesser des zylindrischen Mischrohres 3, so daß der Keramikmantel KF unter Nutzung der Konizität am freien Ende des Mischrohres bequem auf die Mantelfläche desselben aufgeschoben bzw. gesteckt werden kann. Ein Halteflansch kann dem Keramikmantel mit angeformt sein.The larger truncated cone surface 13 also has a central opening 14. Their diameter corresponds to the outside diameter of the cylindrical mixing tube 3, so that the ceramic jacket KF can be easily pushed or plugged onto the jacket surface of the mixing tube using the conicity at the free end of the mixing tube. A holding flange can be molded onto the ceramic jacket.

Die Porosität des Keramikmantels ermöglicht im Bereich der als Rückwand gestalteten, größeren Kegelstumpffläche 13 den Wiedereintritt des vorgewärmten Gas/Luftgemisches aus dem externen Flammraumbereichs 15 des Kessels. Eine entsprechende Rezirkulation kann auch für die Kegelstumpf-Mantelfläche genutzt werden.The porosity of the ceramic jacket enables the preheated gas / air mixture to re-enter from the external flame chamber region 15 of the boiler in the region of the larger truncated cone surface 13 designed as a rear wall. A corresponding recirculation can also be used for the truncated cone surface.

Hergestellt ist der Mantel mit Hilfe eines offenzelligen Schaumstoffrohlings als Formkern. Dessen Struktur ist, so daß der Grad der Porosität des Mantels zwischen pp 10-50 liegt (pp = Anzahl der Poren pro inch). Dieser Formkern wird in der Masse umgossen (umkleidet), anschließend das Formteil getrocknet. Beim daran anschliessenden Brennen verdampft der Schaumstoff und es bleibt der Mantel als genügend fester, poröser Keramik-Körper. Unter anderem zur Stabilisierung kann seine Mantelfläche auch noch umfaßt sein.The jacket is made with the help of an open-cell foam blank as the mold core. Its structure is such that the degree of porosity of the jacket is between pp 10-50 (pp = number of pores per inch). This mold core is cast around (covered), then the molded part is dried. During the subsequent firing, the foam evaporates and the jacket remains as a sufficiently firm, porous ceramic body. Among other things, for stabilization, its outer surface can also be included.

Claims (3)

1. An oil burner having a burner nozzle (5) directed into a flame chamber (15) which is disposed before the burner nozzle (5), has around it a ceramic jacket (KF) formed with an end-face aperture (12) and has a capillary inner layer, characterised in that the ceramic material (KF) is completely porous and is produced in an open- pore structure with a porosity of 10 to 50 ppi by an open-cell foam blank being enveloped in a ceramic substance and subsequently fired.
2. An oil burner according to claim 1, characterised in that the ceramic jacket (KF) is frustum- shaped and its minor cross-sectional surface (11) disposed opposite the nozzle (5) is formed with an aperture (12) of smaller cross-section than the burner mixing tube (3).
3. An oil burner according to claim 2, characterised in that the major frustum surface (11) is formed with an aperture (14) which is pushed on to the burner mixing tube (3).
EP86107393A 1985-06-21 1986-05-30 Oil burner Expired - Lifetime EP0205991B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86107393T ATE49287T1 (en) 1985-06-21 1986-05-30 OIL BURNER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8518133U 1985-06-21
DE8518133U DE8518133U1 (en) 1985-06-21 1985-06-21 Oil burner

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0205991A2 EP0205991A2 (en) 1986-12-30
EP0205991A3 EP0205991A3 (en) 1987-09-23
EP0205991B1 true EP0205991B1 (en) 1990-01-03

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86107393A Expired - Lifetime EP0205991B1 (en) 1985-06-21 1986-05-30 Oil burner

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EP (1) EP0205991B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE49287T1 (en)
DE (2) DE8518133U1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT401809B (en) * 1994-06-06 1996-12-27 Vaillant Gmbh Radiant burner
AT401562B (en) * 1994-06-06 1996-10-25 Vaillant Gmbh Heating appliance
US5575636A (en) * 1994-06-21 1996-11-19 Praxair Technology, Inc. Porous non-fouling nozzle
AT501141B8 (en) * 2003-03-05 2007-02-15 Soellinger Johann BURNER FOR LIQUID FUEL, ESPECIALLY PLANT OIL

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2836534C2 (en) * 1978-08-21 1982-09-02 Oertli AG Dübendorf, Dübendorf Process for burning liquid fuel and burners for carrying out the process
DE3017050C2 (en) * 1980-05-03 1983-03-24 Stettner & Co, 8560 Lauf Use for stoves or boilers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3668052D1 (en) 1990-02-08
ATE49287T1 (en) 1990-01-15
DE8518133U1 (en) 1986-10-16
EP0205991A2 (en) 1986-12-30
EP0205991A3 (en) 1987-09-23

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