EP0205369A1 - Niederspannungslastschalter mit Shunt-Effekt - Google Patents

Niederspannungslastschalter mit Shunt-Effekt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0205369A1
EP0205369A1 EP86401048A EP86401048A EP0205369A1 EP 0205369 A1 EP0205369 A1 EP 0205369A1 EP 86401048 A EP86401048 A EP 86401048A EP 86401048 A EP86401048 A EP 86401048A EP 0205369 A1 EP0205369 A1 EP 0205369A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contacts
circuit
pair
circuit breaker
arc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86401048A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Roulet-Dubonnet
Claude Terracol
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merlin Gerin SA
Original Assignee
Merlin Gerin SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merlin Gerin SA filed Critical Merlin Gerin SA
Publication of EP0205369A1 publication Critical patent/EP0205369A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/002—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00 with provision for switching the neutral conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H79/00—Protective switches in which excess current causes the closing of contacts, e.g. for short-circuiting the apparatus to be protected
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H89/00—Combinations of two or more different basic types of electric switches, relays, selectors and emergency protective devices, not covered by any single one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H01H89/06—Combination of a manual reset circuit with a contactor, i.e. the same circuit controlled by both a protective and a remote control device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/46—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using arcing horns
    • H01H9/465—Shunt circuit closed by transferring the arc onto an auxiliary electrode

Definitions

  • Document US-A-2 924 752 describes a three-pole shunt-effect circuit breaker, which provides effective protection of cables and receivers downstream of the circuit breaker by creating a short circuit internal to the circuit breaker when the latter is opened.
  • the short circuit appears on the three phases and the three pairs of contacts are subjected to the short circuit current and are equipped with breaking chambers. The interest of such a circuit breaker is limited.
  • the present invention starts from the observation that the shunt effect of protecting cables can be used in certain cases for the protection of elements of the circuit breaker, which can then be simplified or arranged to perform additional functions.
  • the circuit breaker according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a second mechanism for controlling the opening and closing of said second pair of contacts, arranged to give said second pair of contacts an electrodynamic resistance significantly lower than that of said first pair of contacts, said circuit breaker being bipolar.
  • the invention is described below as being applied to a protection circuit breaker of a single-phase installation, supplied by the phase and the neutral, but it is applicable to two-phase installations.
  • the switching of the arc on the electrode causes a real short circuit of an intensity higher than that of the downstream short circuit, but it has the advantage of shunting this circuit downstream and effectively protecting the receivers of the installation and components of the circuit breaker downstream of the shunt circuit.
  • the shunt circuit directly connects the phase and neutral input terminals and only includes the arc extinguishing chamber associated with the phase contacts, so as to protect the neutral contacts of the circuit breaker by a suitably sized impedance. It should be noted that only an opening on short-circuit causes an arc sufficiently intense to be switched on the electrode creating the short-circuit in the shunt circuit.
  • the arc or the spark is extinguished before switching to the electrode.
  • the electrodynamic behavior of the neutral contacts can be significantly lower than that of the phase contacts and they can be simplified and actuated by an elementary mechanism.
  • Neutral contacts can be used to make a remote control or a contactor by actuating the mechanism by an electromagnet.
  • the switching electrode can be associated with the fixed phase contact, that is to say be arranged to pick up the arc root drawn on the fixed contact or conversely be associated with the movable contact, the operation being of course identical.
  • the circuit breaker has advantageously two compartments or two adjacent poles, one reserved for the phase circuit and the other for the neutral circuit.
  • the remote control electromagnet is housed in the part of the neutral circuit, connection terminals for the control wires being arranged on this part.
  • the invention is of course usable on a circuit breaker without a remote control, the neutral contacts then being advantageously incorporated in an available space in the phase pole.
  • the connection between the phase and neutral pole can advantageously be achieved by coupling the two handles.
  • the invention is applicable to a circuit breaker whose phase and neutral poles are independent, the neutral contacts being used for example only for a remote control.
  • the housing is advantageously of the modular miniature type.
  • the circuit breaker according to the invention is associated with or comprises a contactor, for example static, connected in series or incorporated in the circuit breaker to constitute the neutral contacts, for opening or closing the distribution circuit in normal operation, said contactor being protected by the shunt circuit, in case of short circuit.
  • a contactor for example static, connected in series or incorporated in the circuit breaker to constitute the neutral contacts, for opening or closing the distribution circuit in normal operation, said contactor being protected by the shunt circuit, in case of short circuit.
  • the perfect protection of the downstream circuit by the circuit breaker according to the invention allows a new type of command to open the circuit breaker by creating or simulating a short circuit.
  • This short circuit naturally causes tripping of the circuit breaker by the electromagnetic trip device, with intervention of the shunt circuit to protect the simulation circuit, which advantageously includes a resistor for limiting the short circuit current to a value just sufficient for instantaneous tripping of the circuit breaker.
  • the simulation circuit sees the current for a very short period, which allows the use of simple components, for example a triac or thyristor for controlling the opening or closing of the simulation circuit.
  • the order can come from an electronic circuit providing a remote control or additional protection, for example differential protection.
  • the circuit breaker includes a differential transformer measuring any imbalance between the phase current and the neutral current to emit a command signal to close the simulation circuit, during an earth fault.
  • a miniature circuit breaker of the modular type comprises an insulating housing 10 capable of being fixed on a symmetrical DIN rail.
  • the housing 10 can be subdivided into two compartments 12, 14, by a transverse partition 16 or be made up of two independent contiguous housings, in particular two unipolar housings having a standard width of 18 mm.
  • compartment 14 is housed the circuit circuit of the circuit breaker, represented - schematically in section in FIG. 2.
  • the general arrangement corresponds to that described in French patent application No. 84 10995, filed on July 9, 1984, but it It is clear that the invention is applicable to any other type of circuit breaker.
  • phase circuit comprises, connected in series, the input terminal 18, the coil of the magnetic trip unit 22, the fixed contact 26, the movable contact 28, a braid 30 for connection to the bimetallic strip 24 and the output terminal 20
  • control lever 32 On the front face of the housing 10 is disposed a control lever 32, which actuates a mechanism designated by the general reference 34 having a trigger lock 36 capable of being actuated by the trigger 22 and the bimetallic strip 24.
  • a breaking chamber 38 is housed in the lower part of the housing 10, the lower sheet of the chamber 38 being extended by an electrode 40 arranged as an arc guide.
  • the electrode 40 is connected by a braid 43 to an input terminal 44 of the neutral compartment 12.
  • the braid 43 passes, for example, through an orifice formed in the partition 16 or the side walls of the two bomers, in the case of a modular system.
  • the braid 43 can be usefully omitted if a single cut / folded piece constitutes both the electrode 40 and the input terminal 44.
  • FIG. 3 represents the neutral circuit, housed in compartment 12, it can be seen that the neutral input terminal 44 is connected to the braid 43 and to a fixed contact 46 which cooperates with a contact mobile 48, connected by a braid 50 to the neutral output terminal 52.
  • the mobile contact 48 is connected by a stirrup 54 to a manual control handle 56 coupled by a clearance link 58 to the adjacent handle 32.
  • the mechanism which is not described in detail, is arranged so that a pivoting of the levers 56, 32, causes a separation of the phase contacts 28, 26, 42, before the separation of the neutral contacts 46, 48.
  • a reverse pivoting of the coupled levers 56, 32 causes the closing of the neutral contacts 46, 48, before that of the phase contacts 28, 26, 42.
  • the latter releases the lock 36, authorizing pivoting of the movable contact phase 28 under the action of a spring (not re presented) causing the separation of the contacts 28, 26, 42, and the formation of an arc.
  • the root of the arc anchored on the movable phase contact 28 quickly switches to the electrode 40 by creating the closure of a shunt circuit comprising the braid 43.
  • the current entering at a given time by the input terminal of phase 18 traverses the fixed contact 42, the arc extending between this contact and the electrode 40 and the braid 43 to exit via the neutral input terminal 44 by creating an internal short circuit of a very short path .
  • the shunt circuit is interrupted by the extinction of the arc in the chamber 38.
  • an electromagnetic actuator 60 for example in the location freed by the removal of the breaking chamber and the magnetic trigger.
  • This actuator 60 comprises a pusher 62 capable of cooperating with stops 64, 66, formed on the body of the lever 56.
  • the stops 64, 66 are separated by a V-shaped projection 68 disposed in the middle part, pushing the pusher 62 selectively to the left or to the right to cooperate selectively with the stops 64, 66.
  • the actuator 60 is pivotally mounted on a pivot 70 and biased by an elastic blade 72 in the straight position.
  • the actuator comprises a coil (not shown) whose supply wires 74 are connected to terminals 75 allowing remote control of the actuator 60.
  • the actuator assembly 60, stops 64, 66 is of a well known type in the remote control switches allowing, by excitation of the actuator box 60, tilting of the lever 56, respectively to the right, and to the left, with each new pulse.
  • the actuator 60 of the remote control type can be replaced by an actuator of the contactor type bringing the handle or the mechanism of the circuit breaker 10 in the closed position, during a supply of the electromagnet of the actuator and the movement of the mechanism in the open position when the actuator supply current is interrupted. There is no need to describe such mechanisms which are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the use of the circuit breaker as a remote control switch or contactor is possible thanks to the improved protection of the neutral contact surfaces, protected from the action of the arc by the switching of the short-circuit current in the shunt circuit.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 the current is switched in the shunt circuit by a transfer of the arc root anchored on the movable contact 28 on the switching electrode 40. It is clear that this switching can be carried out in a different way, in particular by transferring the root of the arc anchored on the fixed contact 26 to an electrode 40 connected to the neutral input terminal 44.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates such a variant of embodiment which differs from that according to FIG. 4 by an inversion connections of the fixed phase 26 and mobile phase contacts 28 and an arrangement of the electrode 40 near the fixed contact 26 for picking up the root anchored on the last contact 26.
  • the operation is of course absolutely identical to that described above. If it is desirable for a remote control to cut the phase and the neutral, an additional contact operated like the neutral contact may be provided and inserted in the electrical circuit of the phase.
  • the invention has been described above in its preferred application to a remote-controlled circuit breaker, but it can be used on conventional circuit breakers, with neutral and phase breaking as illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • the absence of a remote control device, in particular actuator 60 significantly reduces the size of the neutral circuit and it is possible to accommodate the neutral contacts in the space available next to the lever 32 of the phase device.
  • the phase circuit is absolutely identical to that described above, except for the elimination of the arcing contact 42, and will not be described again.
  • the lever 32 further comprises a connecting rod 76 for connection to the movable neutral contact 78 which cooperates with a fixed neutral contact 80.
  • the neutral contacts 78, 80 are connected to neutral terminals (not shown) which can be arranged at side of phase terminals 18, 20, or any other suitable location.
  • the operation remains absolutely identical to that of the circuit breaker according to Figures 1 to 4.
  • the arrangement of the neutral circuit in the space available in the phase compartment allows a significant reduction in the width of the housing 10. It is thus possible to respect the 18 mm modular
  • Another advantageous embodiment is to have the neutral contact integral with the phase contact, but electrically isolated from the latter and still without an arc extinguishing system.
  • FIG. 7 similar to Figure 4, illustrates an alternative embodiment in which the shunt circuit 43 connects the electrode 40 to the neutral circuit via a resistor 82 for limiting the short-circuit current.
  • the value of the resistor 82 must be low to derive the greatest part of the current in the shunt circuit 43, the remaining part passing through the distribution circuit being sufficiently low so as not to damage the protected devices.
  • this connection of the shunt circuit 43 can be used with a diagram of the type represented in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 is shown a simulation circuit 84 connecting the resistor 82 to the output terminal 20 of the phase circuit.
  • a alternistor 86 for example a triac or other semiconductor controlled by a trigger 88.
  • a short circuit is created between the phase circuit and the neutral circuit passing through the simulation circuit 84 and the resistor 82.
  • This short circuit is seen by the electromagnetic release 22 which causes the opening of the contacts 26, 28, with rapid switching of the arc on the electrode 40.
  • the simulation circuit 84 is shunted by the shunt circuit 43 and the current is interrupted as described above in the breaking chamber 38.
  • the trigger 88 receives the triggering order by any suitable electronic circuit, in particular as illustrated in FIG. 7, by a relay 90 supplied by a differential transformer 92.
  • This provision ition provides differential protection, the transformer 92 detecting any homopolar fault and actuating the relay 90 which emits a signal applied to the trigger 88 to make the alternator 86 conductive.
  • the conduction of the alternistor 86 simulates a short circuit which causes the circuit breaker to open.
  • FIG. 8 represents the electrical diagram of another alternative embodiment comprising a shunt circuit 43 with resistance 82 of the type illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • an alternistor 94 having a control trigger 96.
  • the alternistor 94 is connected in series with the downstream distribution circuit connected to the output terminals 20, 52, in such a way that a blocking command of the alternistor 94 causes the interruption of the supply to this downstream circuit.
  • a conduction of the alternistor 94 supplies this downstream circuit, the apparatus operating as a contactor actuated by the signals applied to the trigger 96.
  • the latter trips under the action of the electromagnetic trip device 22 with an arc between the phase contacts 26, 28, which separate. As described above ,. the arc switches to the electrode 40 causing an internal short circuit which bypasses the downstream circuit and the alternistor 94.
  • This alternistor 94 is thus protected against thermal stresses and it can be of the easily controllable electronic type.
  • the altemistor can constitute the neutral contacts.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an apparatus comprising the improvements according to FIGS. 7 and 8 combined to ensure both the circuit breaker function by the magnetic trip units 26 and the thermal trip devices 24, the differential protection function by the differential transformer 92 actuating the simulation simulator alternator 86 'a short circuit, and the contactor function by altemistor 94 connected in series with the downstream circuit.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
EP86401048A 1985-05-29 1986-05-16 Niederspannungslastschalter mit Shunt-Effekt Withdrawn EP0205369A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8508178A FR2582857B1 (fr) 1985-05-29 1985-05-29 Disjoncteur unipolaire et neutre a effet shunt
FR8508178 1985-05-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0205369A1 true EP0205369A1 (de) 1986-12-17

Family

ID=9319714

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86401048A Withdrawn EP0205369A1 (de) 1985-05-29 1986-05-16 Niederspannungslastschalter mit Shunt-Effekt

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4695913A (de)
EP (1) EP0205369A1 (de)
JP (1) JPS61273823A (de)
AU (1) AU581139B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1252192A (de)
ES (1) ES8704034A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2582857B1 (de)
PT (1) PT82577B (de)
ZA (1) ZA863983B (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0248342A2 (de) * 1986-05-31 1987-12-09 Crabtree Electrical Industries Limited Schalter und Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Ausschaltleistung eines Schalters
EP0274893A2 (de) * 1987-01-10 1988-07-20 Merlin Gerin Limited Wechselstromleistungsschaltkreis und Sicherung dafür
EP0350825A2 (de) * 1988-07-15 1990-01-17 Asea Brown Boveri Aktiengesellschaft Elektrisches Schaltgerät
EP0504464A1 (de) * 1991-03-21 1992-09-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schalteinrichtung zur Unterbrechung eines Stromkreises
EP0504461A1 (de) * 1991-03-21 1992-09-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schalteinrichtung zur Unterbrechung eines Stromkreises
EP0504462A1 (de) * 1991-03-21 1992-09-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Anordnung zur Unterbrechung eines Stromkreises
EP0504463A1 (de) * 1991-03-21 1992-09-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltungsanordnung zur Stromversorgung
DE4110335A1 (de) * 1991-03-28 1992-10-01 Siemens Ag Einrichtung zum kurzschlussschutz
EP0780861A1 (de) * 1995-12-21 1997-06-25 Schneider Electric Sa Elektrisches Gerät mit Bogenkommutierung
FR2849713A1 (fr) * 2003-01-06 2004-07-09 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Pole de commutation pour appareil electromagnetique

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JPH081773B2 (ja) * 1985-03-26 1996-01-10 三菱電機株式会社 ガス絶縁開閉装置
US5414907A (en) * 1991-08-09 1995-05-16 Kiapos; John Eyeglass retainer coupling and method for attching bead chain to retainer
ES2047445B1 (es) * 1992-04-13 1996-09-01 Electric Distrib & Contr Es Sa Disyuntor automatico.
DE4337344B4 (de) * 1993-11-02 2005-08-25 Moeller Gmbh Strombegrenzendes Kontaktsystem für Leistungsschalter
US5811955A (en) * 1996-08-29 1998-09-22 Flint & Walling Industries, Inc. Electro-start motor switch
FR2757321B1 (fr) * 1996-12-16 1999-01-15 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Procede de discrimination entre un arc interne et un arc de coupure detectes dans une installation electrique sous enveloppe metallique
US20020198691A1 (en) * 2001-06-19 2002-12-26 Subhasish Roychoudhury Methods and systems for ars interruption modeling
DE102004018275B4 (de) * 2004-04-15 2007-10-18 Siemens Ag Schaltgerät
US8342494B2 (en) * 2006-11-13 2013-01-01 Schneider Electric USA, Inc. Aligning structure for a power line and sensor
EP2143121B1 (de) * 2007-04-28 2015-10-14 Abb Ag Installationsschaltgerät
US20080280471A1 (en) * 2007-05-10 2008-11-13 Square D Company Sequencing connection device
US7715176B2 (en) * 2007-05-16 2010-05-11 Perez Marcelo A Modular power monitoring system
US7714566B2 (en) * 2007-05-16 2010-05-11 Perez Marcelo A Clamp-on current and voltage module for a power monitoring system
RU2463680C2 (ru) * 2008-07-04 2012-10-10 Хубэй Шенгджиа Уиринг Ко., Лтд. Размыкатель с функцией самоблокировки короткого замыкания
DE102014118757B4 (de) * 2014-12-16 2021-08-05 Abb Ag Neutralleiter-Schaltgerät und Anordnung mit wenigstens einem Phasen-Schaltgerät und einem Neutralleiter-Schaltgerät

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2924752A (en) * 1957-07-12 1960-02-09 Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd Combined circuit breaker and short circuiter
FR2259431A1 (de) * 1974-01-25 1975-08-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp
FR2360977A1 (fr) * 1976-08-04 1978-03-03 Merlin Gerin Disjoncteur basse tension a circuit derive de protection du declencheur
EP0042778A1 (de) * 1980-06-19 1981-12-30 Merlin Gerin Einpol- und Nulleiter-Kleinschalter
US4314300A (en) * 1979-11-09 1982-02-02 Griffith Charles E Fused short circuit and grounding switch

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2924752A (en) * 1957-07-12 1960-02-09 Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd Combined circuit breaker and short circuiter
FR2259431A1 (de) * 1974-01-25 1975-08-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp
FR2360977A1 (fr) * 1976-08-04 1978-03-03 Merlin Gerin Disjoncteur basse tension a circuit derive de protection du declencheur
US4314300A (en) * 1979-11-09 1982-02-02 Griffith Charles E Fused short circuit and grounding switch
EP0042778A1 (de) * 1980-06-19 1981-12-30 Merlin Gerin Einpol- und Nulleiter-Kleinschalter

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0248342A2 (de) * 1986-05-31 1987-12-09 Crabtree Electrical Industries Limited Schalter und Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Ausschaltleistung eines Schalters
EP0248342A3 (de) * 1986-05-31 1988-11-23 Crabtree Electrical Industries Limited Schalter und Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Ausschaltleistung eines Schalters
EP0274893A2 (de) * 1987-01-10 1988-07-20 Merlin Gerin Limited Wechselstromleistungsschaltkreis und Sicherung dafür
EP0274893A3 (en) * 1987-01-10 1990-01-24 Y. S. Securities Limited Alternating current power circuit and fuse therefor
EP0350825A2 (de) * 1988-07-15 1990-01-17 Asea Brown Boveri Aktiengesellschaft Elektrisches Schaltgerät
EP0350825A3 (de) * 1988-07-15 1991-04-17 Asea Brown Boveri Aktiengesellschaft Elektrisches Schaltgerät
EP0504462A1 (de) * 1991-03-21 1992-09-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Anordnung zur Unterbrechung eines Stromkreises
EP0504461A1 (de) * 1991-03-21 1992-09-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schalteinrichtung zur Unterbrechung eines Stromkreises
EP0504464A1 (de) * 1991-03-21 1992-09-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schalteinrichtung zur Unterbrechung eines Stromkreises
EP0504463A1 (de) * 1991-03-21 1992-09-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltungsanordnung zur Stromversorgung
DE4110335A1 (de) * 1991-03-28 1992-10-01 Siemens Ag Einrichtung zum kurzschlussschutz
EP0780861A1 (de) * 1995-12-21 1997-06-25 Schneider Electric Sa Elektrisches Gerät mit Bogenkommutierung
FR2742916A1 (fr) * 1995-12-21 1997-06-27 Schneider Electric Sa Dispositif electrique a commutation d'arc
US5777286A (en) * 1995-12-21 1998-07-07 Schneider Electric Sa Electric device having separable contacts with arc switching
CN1068699C (zh) * 1995-12-21 2001-07-18 施耐德电器工业公司 电弧开关装置
FR2849713A1 (fr) * 2003-01-06 2004-07-09 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Pole de commutation pour appareil electromagnetique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1252192A (en) 1989-04-04
AU5800586A (en) 1986-12-04
PT82577A (fr) 1986-06-01
FR2582857A1 (fr) 1986-12-05
ES555243A0 (es) 1987-03-16
ZA863983B (en) 1987-01-28
AU581139B2 (en) 1989-02-09
PT82577B (fr) 1989-12-21
US4695913A (en) 1987-09-22
FR2582857B1 (fr) 1989-04-28
JPS61273823A (ja) 1986-12-04
ES8704034A1 (es) 1987-03-16

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