EP0204874A1 - Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Abscheiden von Partikeln aus einem Fluidstrom mittels Trägheit - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Abscheiden von Partikeln aus einem Fluidstrom mittels Trägheit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0204874A1
EP0204874A1 EP85304106A EP85304106A EP0204874A1 EP 0204874 A1 EP0204874 A1 EP 0204874A1 EP 85304106 A EP85304106 A EP 85304106A EP 85304106 A EP85304106 A EP 85304106A EP 0204874 A1 EP0204874 A1 EP 0204874A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
flow
air
supply system
engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85304106A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hugo Victor Giannotti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US06/387,352 priority Critical patent/US4524748A/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP85304106A priority patent/EP0204874A1/de
Publication of EP0204874A1 publication Critical patent/EP0204874A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M33/00—Other apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M33/02—Other apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel or fuel-air mixture for collecting and returning condensed fuel
    • F02M33/04—Other apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel or fuel-air mixture for collecting and returning condensed fuel returning to the intake passage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus and methods for separating particles, particularly but not exclusively for removing oversize fuel droplets in the fuel-air mixture for an internal combustion engine.
  • the fuel size distribution from a carburetor or injection nozzle covers a wide range and could range to about 200 micron. A finer distribution is desirable and a range extending to about 20 micron is both preferable and achievable, although any substantial reduction in fuel particle size is desirable. Removing the particles above a pre-determined size would result in improved air/fuel distribution, improved combustion, and reduced emissions.
  • This invention describes, in an engine system, method and means by which the oversize fuel particles are separated using a particle separator, and returned to the fuel supply system or carburetor.
  • the scavenge flow which carries the oversize fuel particles is at a pressure lower than atmospheric and consequently the scavenge flow must be pumped back to the fuel supply system or led to a lower pressure section such as the carburetor throat.
  • the scavenge flow can be returned, without pumping, to the fuel supply system, through a suitable metering valve.
  • a method of reducing the average fuel particle size of an air-fuel mixture comprising the steps of:
  • apparatus for reducing the average fuel particle size in an air-fuel mixture for a spark-ignition engine comprising inertial means for separating a portion of the air-fuel mixture containing fuel particles greater than a pre-determined size prior to its introduction to the cylinders of the engine, and means for returning the separated portion to the fuel supply system of the engine.
  • the means for separating the oversize fuel particles comprises an array of venturi nozzles each fitted with a central trap downstream of the throat into which the oversize particles are inertially urged, together with a small amount of scavenge air.
  • means may be provided to recirculate the oversize particles to a reduced pressure zone such as the carburetor throat for re-atomization, with means for metering the re-circulated flow.
  • means may be provided to return the oversize particles to the fuel supply system, for example via a fuel storage chamber, which is maintained at a reduced pressure, and a fuel pump activated by a level sensor, or via a pump only.
  • the means for separating the oversize fuel particles comprises an array of vortex tubes through which the air-fuel mixture flows, the oversize fuel particles being centrifuged outwards and re-circulated to the carburetor or the fuel supply system as described above.
  • the means for separating the oversize fuel particles comprises a vortex separator including an array of vanes or louvered slots disposed forward of the leading edge of the main air discharge tube.
  • the means for separating the oversize fuel particles consists of concentric tubular or rectangular members which cause the main air flow to undulate and separate from the particles which are scavenged out together with a small amount of scavenge air.
  • a vortex particle separator comprising, in combination, a housing having an inlet and an outlet arranged for flow therethrough of air carrying particles of different weights and, disposed in the housing across the line of air flow from the inlet to the outlet, an array of elements each having a substantially straight inlet tubular body with a cylindrical central passage therethrough and an inlet and an outlet at opposite ends, deflectors adjacent the inlet for creating a vortex stream in the inlet air to concentrate heavier particles in the air at the periphery of the passage and provide a main core of air at the center of the passage containing lighter particles, and an outlet member having a central core air passage communicating with the cylindrical central passage of the tubular body and disposed within the passage at the outlet, the exterior wall of the outlet member defining a generally annular containment scavenge passage for heavy particle outlet within the cylindrical central passage of the tubular body through which pass the heavier particles, while main core air at the center of the passage passes through the central core of air passage of the
  • a particle separator comprising, in combination, a housing having an inlet and an outlet arranged for flow therethrough of air carrying particles of different weights; and, disposed in the housing across the line of air flow from the inlet to the outlet, an array of elements each having a tubular body of converging-diverging shape, the minimum through passage of which defines a throat, the said tubular body having an outlet adapted to be connected to a manifold; a tubular particle trap disposed substantially along the longitudinal axis of said tubular body and downstream of said throat leading to the manifold, said trap converging to a smaller diameter; a tubular member surrounding outside of said trap, the inlet of said surrounding tubular member being disposed downstream of the point where said trap starts to converge, thereby forming two annuli, the first annulus formed between said tubular member and said trap, causing the main airstream to make a relatively sharp turn into the first annulus thereby depositing heavier particles to the outer second annulus formed by
  • the air-fuel mixture from the carburetor throat 10 enters the separating device 11, which is made up of elements such as either 21 of Figure 2, 46 of Figure 4, 59 of Figure 5, or 71 of Figure 7, sections of which are shown in Figure 2, Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 7.
  • the separating device 11 is made up of elements such as either 21 of Figure 2, 46 of Figure 4, 59 of Figure 5, or 71 of Figure 7, sections of which are shown in Figure 2, Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 7.
  • particles are quickly accelerated at the inlet section 22 to almost air velocity. Particle inertia of the larger particles causes them to leave the streamline at the throat 23 and then enter the trap 24.
  • the oversize particles or particles greater than a predetermined size are then re-circulated with a small amount of scavenge air through tube 25 to the carburetor throat 10 for re-atomization.
  • Test data for this type of separator have shown that most of the dynamic head is recovered downstream so that the scavenge pressure is higher than the static pressure in the carburetor throat and consequently re-circulation can occur. Since the separating effectiveness increases with increased velocity through the separator a metering valve 12 is shown in the scavenge tube 25 which maintains essentially a constant scavenge flow so that the ratio of scavenge flow to primary air flow is reduced with increase in primary air flow. A reduction in this ratio reduces the separation effectiveness and compensates consequently for the increase in effectiveness as a result of increased velocity through the separator, thereby maintaining essentially a constant size of particles which is separated.
  • the carburetor main metering jet is modified to accept the re-circulated flow.
  • the separating element shown in Figure 4 is a vortex tube 41.
  • an improvement is shown to a typical vortex tube to increase the separating effectiveness and reduce the pressure loss of the primary flow and secondary flow which is critical in the automotive application.
  • the flow of air and particles is given a rotational flow by the deflectors 45.
  • a vortex is generated causing the heavier particles to be centrifuged towards the outside diameter.
  • Disposed upstream of the main air discharge tube 43 is shown a plurality of louvers or vanes 44. Since the discharge tube is about 50% of the area of the primary tube and since only about 10% scavenge flow is desired, a substantial amount of primary air must make an abrupt change in direction to enter the discharge tube. This increases the separation effectiveness but also increases the pressure loss.
  • the mixing loss of the primary flow is reduced and consequently the overall pressure loss is reduced allowing operation at higher velocities and thereby higher separation effectiveness, or, conversely, lower velocities and reduced scavenge pressure loss for the same effectiveness.
  • particle capture is enhanced by virtue of the particles having to traverse a shorter distance from vane to vane and, in so doing, are re-entrained in the next flow streamline and re-accelerated so as to be able to negotiate the following vane gap and enter the capture zone.
  • FIG. 5 Another separating element is shown in Figure 5, a perspective of which is shown in Figure 6.
  • the air- fuel mixture enters this separator. Particles are quickly accelerated at the inlet section 52 to almost air velocity. Particle inertia of the larger particles causes them to leave the streamline at the throat 53 and enter the trap 54. The main or primary air flow travels through passages 55 and 56. Additional oversize particles are separated in the air streamline undulation between 55 and 56, these particles entering trap 57 which leads to a common manifold 58 with trap 54 and from there the particles are scavenged out through tube 25.
  • the test data on this concentric geometry have shown that practically 100% of all particles above a size as low as about 2 micron can be efficiently removed.
  • FIG. 7 Another version of the element geometry of Figure 5 is shown in Figure 7 wherein the passages are rectangular in cross-section, as shown by Figure 8, rather than tubular.
  • the separator 11 which could be of any of the configurations shown in Figures 2, 4, 5 or 7, is shown mounted to the throttle body 91, of a single-point injection system engine inlet and downstream of a fuel injector 92. Air enters at 93 and mixes with the fuel, the air-fuel mixture entering the separator 11. The scavenge flow carrying the oversize particles travels through tube 94 to a fuel collecting chamber 95 which is vented to a lower pressure zone, causing scavenge flow. The fuel in the air-fuel mixture in tube 94 is scrubbed out by the fuel 96 in the chamber 95.
  • the level of the fuel 96 is maintained above the outlet of tube 94 by valve 97 and a level sensor which activates a fuel scavenge pump 98 which returns the fuel to the fuel supply system.
  • a fuel scavenge pump 98 which returns the fuel to the fuel supply system.
  • the oversize particles can be scavenged out directly to the fuel supply system via pump 99.
  • the scavenge flow containing the oversize fuel particles can be returned, without pumping, to the fuel supply system, through a suitable metering valve.
  • particle separators described above may also be used for separating other particles than fuel droplets.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
EP85304106A 1982-06-11 1985-06-10 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Abscheiden von Partikeln aus einem Fluidstrom mittels Trägheit Withdrawn EP0204874A1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/387,352 US4524748A (en) 1982-06-11 1982-06-11 Apparatus for separating and re-circulating oversize fuel particles in spark-ignition engines
EP85304106A EP0204874A1 (de) 1985-06-10 1985-06-10 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Abscheiden von Partikeln aus einem Fluidstrom mittels Trägheit

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP85304106A EP0204874A1 (de) 1985-06-10 1985-06-10 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Abscheiden von Partikeln aus einem Fluidstrom mittels Trägheit

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0204874A1 true EP0204874A1 (de) 1986-12-17

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85304106A Withdrawn EP0204874A1 (de) 1982-06-11 1985-06-10 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Abscheiden von Partikeln aus einem Fluidstrom mittels Trägheit

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EP (1) EP0204874A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2291119A (en) * 1994-07-09 1996-01-17 Ford Motor Co I.c.engine air intake and fuel atomising system

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1214991A (en) * 1966-10-11 1970-12-09 Standard Triumph Motor Company Carburetor
US3725271A (en) * 1964-01-29 1973-04-03 Giannotti Ass Apparatus and method for separating particles from a flow of fluid
DE2303712A1 (de) * 1972-01-27 1973-08-02 Malherbe Andre A Verfahren und einrichtung zur kraftstoffversorgung von verbrennungskraftmaschinen
US3884658A (en) * 1972-04-18 1975-05-20 Pall Corp Air cleaner for supercharged engines
FR2287588A1 (fr) * 1974-10-09 1976-05-07 Elf Union Procede et dispositif permettant d'ameliorer la carburation des moteurs a explosion
FR2311573A1 (fr) * 1975-05-23 1976-12-17 Lucas Industries Ltd Filtre pour separer des corps de densite differente, et notamment filtre a air
US4089665A (en) * 1976-09-04 1978-05-16 Burvell Canada Company Limited Deflecting means

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3725271A (en) * 1964-01-29 1973-04-03 Giannotti Ass Apparatus and method for separating particles from a flow of fluid
GB1214991A (en) * 1966-10-11 1970-12-09 Standard Triumph Motor Company Carburetor
DE2303712A1 (de) * 1972-01-27 1973-08-02 Malherbe Andre A Verfahren und einrichtung zur kraftstoffversorgung von verbrennungskraftmaschinen
US3884658A (en) * 1972-04-18 1975-05-20 Pall Corp Air cleaner for supercharged engines
FR2287588A1 (fr) * 1974-10-09 1976-05-07 Elf Union Procede et dispositif permettant d'ameliorer la carburation des moteurs a explosion
FR2311573A1 (fr) * 1975-05-23 1976-12-17 Lucas Industries Ltd Filtre pour separer des corps de densite differente, et notamment filtre a air
US4089665A (en) * 1976-09-04 1978-05-16 Burvell Canada Company Limited Deflecting means

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2291119A (en) * 1994-07-09 1996-01-17 Ford Motor Co I.c.engine air intake and fuel atomising system

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