EP0202981B1 - Device for heat exchange, especially for use in gas heat exchanges - Google Patents

Device for heat exchange, especially for use in gas heat exchanges Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0202981B1
EP0202981B1 EP86400829A EP86400829A EP0202981B1 EP 0202981 B1 EP0202981 B1 EP 0202981B1 EP 86400829 A EP86400829 A EP 86400829A EP 86400829 A EP86400829 A EP 86400829A EP 0202981 B1 EP0202981 B1 EP 0202981B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spacers
plates
plate
fluid
crenellated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86400829A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0202981A1 (en
Inventor
Alain Grehier
Alexandre Rojey
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Original Assignee
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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Publication of EP0202981A1 publication Critical patent/EP0202981A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0202981B1 publication Critical patent/EP0202981B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
    • F28F3/083—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning capable of being taken apart
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D9/0037—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the conduits for the other heat-exchange medium also being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/048—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/14—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes molded
    • F28F2255/143—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes molded injection molded
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/355—Heat exchange having separate flow passage for two distinct fluids
    • Y10S165/356—Plural plates forming a stack providing flow passages therein
    • Y10S165/387—Plural plates forming a stack providing flow passages therein including side-edge seal or edge spacer bar
    • Y10S165/392—Unitary heat exchange plate and projecting edge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/905—Materials of manufacture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/906—Reinforcement

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger of modular structure which can be used in particular for heat exchanges between gases.
  • the applicant has previously described various heat exchange devices of modular structure, for example in the published French patent applications FR-A 2,530,798 and 2,541,442.
  • the devices described in these documents consist of a stack of grids (or trellis) assembled one above the other by embedding, these grids can be obtained by injection molding of a thermoplastic material (metal or synthetic resin) or produced by assembling lamellae themselves obtained by machining or by molding by injection of various thermosplastic materials.
  • said superimposed lamellae or partitions formed separate channels in which the fluids could flow, for example in rows of alternate channels participating in the exchange, the fluids considered then circulating in parallel currents (in co-currents or against the current).
  • some of the lamellae or cloitsons in particular one of the sets of lamellae or partitions parallel to each other, could also have recesses, creating communications between the channels of the same row allowing 'one of the fluids to flow in a direction generally perpendicular to the lamellae or partitions thus perforated, therefore in a direction generally perpendicular to that of the channels traversed by the other fluid.
  • the exchanger could operate in cross currents.
  • a particular embodiment described consisted of a three-block exchanger, comprising a central block with parallel currents (for example against the current) corresponding to a structure of the first type above and two terminal blocks corresponding to a structure of the second type above and used for the supply and evacuation of fluids.
  • the heat exchangers thus formed could be used in particular for the recovery of heat by air introduced (and discharged) laterally through the terminal blocks in networks of communicating channels, on fumes which, for their part, passed through the blocks terminals by separate rows of channels.
  • Another embodiment could consist of a single block corresponding to a structure of the second type above, such a structure being intended to operate in cross currents.
  • the invention provides a device for the heat exchange between a relatively hot fluid and a relatively cold fluid, which comprises an exchange zone and means for supplying and discharging each of said fluids, said exchange zone comprising at least one block formed by juxtaposition of a plurality of rectangular plates parallel to each other, each plate being provided on at least one of the faces of continuous or crenellated spacers, parallel to each other on the same plate and d '' one plate to another, these plates being formed and arranged in such a way that, for any two adjacent plates, at least one of the opposite faces is provided with spacers, the plates, thus juxtaposed so as to defining circulation spaces for said fluids, being further constituted and arranged in such a way that, for one circulation space out of two, the spacers carried by at least one of the faces facing the two plates es adjacent delimiting said space, are crenellated spacers; the spacers are in one piece with the plates which carry them and at least part of said spacers are, over at least part of their length, in contact
  • crenellated spacers may also be called “indented” (the terms “niche” and “indented” will be used interchangeably).
  • Continuous spacers can also be called “full”.
  • the plates whose juxtaposition constitutes the exchange zone of the devices of the invention are rectangular and the spacers which they carry (whether crenellated or continuous) are parallel to the homologous edges of all of said plates .
  • the plates 1, the juxtaposition of which constitutes said exchange zone (except possibly the extreme plates), preferably rectangular, have on each of their faces, indented spacers (or crenellated) 2, these spacers, mutually parallel being further advantageously parallel to the edges of said plates 1 and equidistant over the width of the plates 1.
  • the indentations (or slots ) 3 may have a depth equal to the thickness of the spacers 2 or a lower depth. The latter possibility is illustrated in Figure 11.
  • the notches 3 On the spacers 2 of the same face of a plate 1, the notches 3 may be located in alignment perpendicular to the direction of said spacers 2 as shown in Figures 1 and 1A.
  • the spacers 2 are opposite one another and their notches 3 correspond respectively.
  • the juxtaposition of plates such as 1 brings the protruding parts 4 of the spacers 2 of one face of a plate into contact with the protruding parts 4 of the corresponding spacers 2 of the face opposite the adjacent plate 1 .
  • Such a juxtaposition of plates 1 forms an exchange zone 5, as shown in FIG. 1A, in which the presence of the notches 3 and the protruding parts 4 makes it possible to provide, between any two adjacent plates 1, a circulation network for a fluid, each network being able to be traversed in a direction parallel or in a direction perpendicular to the spacers 2.
  • the various adjacent networks are separated, by cons truction even, by the plates 1 themselves, so that there is, between the fluids circulating in adjacent networks, no possible passage, therefore no risk of leakage.
  • the structure of the exchange zone 5 offers a large number of circulation possibilities for the fluids traversing the various networks.
  • the two fluids can circulate in parallel currents (in co-currents or against the current) parallel to the direction of the spacers 2. They can also circulate in parallel currents (in co-currents or against the current) in a direction perpendicular to that of the spacers 2, through the notches 3.
  • the main interest of the structure described above lies in the fact that the two fluids can circulate there in cross currents, one of the fluids circulating parallel to the spacers 2, in one network out of two, the other fluid flowing, in the other networks, perpendicular to the spacers 2, through the passages created by the notches 3.
  • the notches 8 of each of the spacers 7 on the same face of a plate 6 are no longer located (between them) in alignment perpendicular to the direction of the spacers 7, but are offset on two neighboring spacers.
  • the circulation space has a different configuration, such that - in particular when the fluid circulates in a direction generally perpendicular to the spacers 8 - its circulation takes place along sinuous paths, and not relatively directly as was the case for the plates 1 of Figures 1 and 1A, where the notches 3 of the spacers 2 were not offset.
  • the offset of the notches 8 can have a certain regularity; as shown in Figures 2 and 2A, the notches 8 are offset for a spacer 7 in two, on the same face of a plate 6. It is also possible to envisage a less regular offset, repeating with a periodicity of more than two spacers, or a completely disordered offset over the entire width of one face of a plate.
  • the offset arrangement of the notches 8 only concerns one network out of two in the exchange zone 10, but it could also concern all the traffic networks.
  • the notches 8 (and the projecting parts 9) of the spacers 7 of each of the faces of the same plate 6 have staggered arrangements, the "regularity" of the offset can be provided for differently on both sides. from the same plate 6.
  • the plates 11, as shown in Figure 3 only carry spacers 12 on one of their faces, these spacers 12 having notches 13, located for example in alignment perpendicular to said spacers 12 of the same plate 11.
  • the exchange zone once assembled has a geometry similar to that of the exchange zone 5 as shown in Figure 1A and described above.
  • they can each circulate in a network out of two, in currents parallel to each other and parallel to the spacers 12, in currents parallel to each other and perpendicular to the spacers 12, or still in cross currents.
  • the plates whose juxtaposition constitutes said exchange zone (except possibly the extreme plates) have spacers on each of their faces which are, on a of the faces of each plate, full or continuous spacers, the spacers of the other face of the same plate being indented.
  • the plates 15 carry on one of their faces scalloped spacers 16 and on the other face of solid spacers 17.
  • a face d 'a plate 15 carrying solid spacers 17 has vis-à-vis a face carrying solid spacers 17 of the adjacent plate 15, the solid spacers 17 of the opposite faces being generally next to each other.
  • the face of a plate 15 carrying indented spacers 16 has opposite one face of the adjacent plate 15 itself carrying indented spacers 16, said spacers 16 generally being opposite one another others, their notches 18 and their projecting parts 19 corresponding respectively (whether these notches 18 and these projecting parts 19 are on the same plate 15 in alignment or that they are offset one relative to the other on any two neighboring spacers) .
  • the juxtaposition of the plates 15 forms an exchange zone.
  • the solid spacers 17 on one side of a plate 15 coming into contact over their entire length, with the corresponding spacers 17 on the opposite side of the adjacent plate 15 form rows of parallel channels which can be traversed by one of the fluids involved, parallel to the spacers 17. Furthermore, the coming into contact of the protruding parts 19 of the scalloped spacers 16 with faces facing two adjacent plates 15 makes it possible to form a circulation network for a second fluid.
  • the set of networks can be traversed by said second fluid in a direction parallel to the spacers 16 (in this case, the two fluids circulate in parallel currents: in co-currents or against the current) or in a direction perpendicular to the spacers 16 , through the passages created by the notches 18 (in this case the two fluids circulate in crossed currents).
  • said exchange zone can be constituted by the alternating juxtaposition of plates carrying spacers (crenellated or continuous ) on both sides and plates without spacers.
  • each male lug 20 on one face 23 of a plate 22 being opposite a female lug 21 on the opposite face screw 24 of the adjacent plate 22, in the juxtaposition of the plates.
  • a female positioning lug 21 may consist, for example, of a volume (for example of cylindrical or parallelepiped shape), emerging from a height hi from the face 24 of the plate 22 which carries it, whose plane of extreme section 25 is advantageously parallel to said face 24, and which has a cavity 26 (for example of cylindrical or parallelepiped shape whose axis and / or the walls have a direction perpendicular to said face 24) open on the face of the lug opposite to the plate , that is to say on section 25.
  • the depth P1 of the cavity 26 is less than the height h 1 of the female lug, the bottom 27 of said cavity 26 is at a distance h from the face 24 from plate 22.
  • a male positioning lug 20 may consist, for its part, of a volume emerging from a height h 2 from the face 23 of the plate 22 which carries it, whose end section plane 28 is advantageously parallel to said face 23 and whose at least one part 29, of height p z , less than or equal to the total height h 2 of said lug, has a suitable shape (for example frustoconical or truncated pyramid) to be able to engage in the cavity 26 of the female lug 21 which faces him.
  • the dimensions and the shape of the male and female lugs 20 and 21, in particular the inclination of the truncated frustoconical or pyramidal surface of the part 29 of the male lug 20, are chosen so that the positioning of the adjacent plates , at a distance determined by the heights of the spacers 31 and 32, presents the least possible play.
  • the dimensions of the internal edge of the cavity 26 of the female lug 21 should be identical to the dimensions of the frustoconical or truncated pyramid part 29 of the lug male 20, at its junction with the base 30 (or with the face 23 of the plate when there is no base).
  • the extreme plane 28 of the frustoconical or truncated pyramidal part 29 of the male lug 20 is not in contact with the bottom of the cavity 26 of the female lug 21; and we ap 2 ⁇ P 1 or h 2 + l 1 ⁇ d.
  • the dimensions of the inner edge of the cavity 26 of the female lug 21 are identical to those of the section of the frustoconical or truncated pyramid part 29 of the male pin 20 at the same level, it being further preferred that there is no contact between the extreme plane 25 of the female pin 21 and the extreme plane of the base 30 of the male pin 20 , when there is such a base, or with the face 23 of the plate, when there is no base.
  • the most advantageous case is that where the contact between the male pins 20 and the female pins 21 is made neither by bringing the extreme plane 25 of the female pins 21 into contact with the base 30 of the male pins 20, nor by contact of the extreme plane 28 of the male pins 20 with the bottom 27 of the cavity 26 of the female pins 21, but by bringing the inner edge of the cavity 26 of the female pins 21 into contact with the frustoconical or pyramidal part 29 of the male pins 20 , at an intermediate level of it, where the dimensions coincide.
  • this arrangement there is no possible lateral play between the plates. This is the one shown in Figure 5.
  • each plate 22 The positioning lugs 20 and 21 described above can be distributed in any manner on the faces of each plate 22, with the condition that each male lug 20 on one face 23 of any plate 22 corresponds to a female lug 21 from the face 24 opposite, from the adjacent plate 22.
  • the positioning pins 20 and 21 can be placed between the spacers or on the spacers themselves.
  • the male and female positioning pins considered in the invention may have other shapes than those described above. They will be equivalent to the lugs 20 and 21 when they provide the same function which consists in preventing the displacement of the plates with respect to each other in a plane direction parallel to the plane direction of the plates.
  • the juxtaposed plates which constitute the exchange zone of the device of the invention can be held against each other by any usual clamping means, for example by means of end plates connected and tightened together by tie rods passing through the outside of the block constituting the exchange structure.
  • tie rods 35 constituted for example by metal rods threaded at their ends, these ends passing through, on either side of the block constituting the exchange structure, preferably metal flanges and pierced with openings corresponding to the openings 34 drilled in the plates 22, the tightening of the assembly formed by the flanges and the exchange structure which they enclose can be achieved by means of nuts screwed onto the threaded ends of the rods constituting the tie rods 35.
  • the openings 34 allowing the passage of the tie rods 35 previously described can be the source of leakage of a fluid (for example relatively cold) in the other fluid (for example relatively hot), through the plates 22, said openings can be, according to a particular arrangement of the invention, practiced through parts of the plates specially designed to ensure, during the tightening of the assembly of the plates, the seal between the spaces for circulation of the fluids situated on either side of each plate.
  • the openings 34 made in the plates 22 are provided with sleeves 36 of geometry such that their extreme edges come into contact when the assembly of the plates 22 is tightened, thus preventing the passage of fluid through the openings 34 from a circulation space 37 to the neighboring circulation space 37.
  • This arrangement repeating itself over the entire extent of the exchange block, the limitation of leaks between all the circulation spaces situated on either side of the plates is thus ensured.
  • the openings 34 for the passage of the tie rods 35 can be distributed in any manner on the surface of the plates 22.
  • the distribution is preferably relatively regular.
  • the openings 34 for the passage of the tie rods 35 can be made through the positioning pins 20 and 21 as described above, the geometry of which must then be such that they ensure both the positioning of the plates 22 relative to each other and the limitation of leaks between the spaces 37 for circulation of the fluids of on either side of the plates 22, this limitation of the leaks being produced by the contacts between the male and female parts of the positioning pins.
  • An exchanger structure according to the invention can be constituted by the juxtaposition of a number of plates as described above.
  • each plate can be constituted by assembling in the same plane several elementary plates, the plates to be assembled then being provided, on their respective edges, with suitable securing devices, the assembly being carried out by mutual embedding of said plates. securing devices.
  • a number m of elementary plates by their edges perpendicular to the direction of the spacers and / or assemble a number n of elementary plates by their edges parallel to the direction of the spacers, thus forming plates comprising mxn elementary plates, m and n being any integers (at least one of which is at least 2).
  • the numbers m and n are not very high.
  • the lateral assembly of the plates along their edges perpendicular to the direction of the spacers can be achieved for example by devices such as those shown in Figures 7 and 8 or by equivalent devices.
  • the assembly devices are based on the same principle which consists in embedding a projecting part or tongue 38 of the edge of one of the plates to be assembled 39 in the corresponding hollow or groove 40 formed in the edge of the adjacent plate to be joined 41.
  • Said protruding part 38 has the same thickness as the plate 39 in FIG. 7 and a lesser thickness in FIG. 8.
  • the lateral assembly of the plates along their edges parallel to the direction of the spacers can be carried out for example, as shown in Figures 9 and 9A, by embedding lugs 42 emerging from the edge of a plate 43 in holes 44 practically of the same dimension formed in the edge of the adjacent plate to be assembled, opposite said lugs 42.
  • a block is generally used which is made up of juxtaposition of plates which can correspond to the different types described above.
  • a particular mode is shown in Figures 11 and 11A.
  • the fluid is evacuated in general by the face of the exchange block opposite to the supply face, through openings similar to the openings 45, of a plate similar to the plate 46 (not shown in Figures 11 and 11A), said plate also closing off the spaces 48 intended for the circulation of the second fluid.
  • the fluid which must circulate in the spaces 48 in a direction generally parallel to the spacers 2 of FIG. 11A, it can be introduced through the openings 49 of the plate 50, these openings giving access to the spaces 48, said plate 50 closing by elsewhere the spaces 47 intended for the circulation of the first fluid.
  • the evacuation of said second fluid is carried out by the face of the exchange block opposite to the supply face, through openings 51 of the plate 52, said plate also closing off the spaces 47 intended for the circulation of the first fluid.
  • the supply plates 46 and the discharge plates (not shown) of the first fluid will themselves be located in vertical planes, orthogonal to the previous ones, the supply plates 50 and the discharge plates 52 of the second fluid will be in horizontal planes and the second fluid will flow from top to bottom. It is equally possible to envisage that the second fluid circulates from bottom to top, the supply plate then being the bottom plate 52 and the discharge plate then being the top plate 50.
  • FIG. 10B Another possibility of implementing the exchanger structures according to the invention is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 10B.
  • the exchange block includes three zones whose role can be defined in relation to the circulation of the first fluid (introduced laterally), it being understood that the second fluid circulates in the same way in the three zones, namely parallel to the direction of the spacers, either from bottom to top or (as shown in Figure 10B), from top to bottom.
  • the lower zone which is for example the supply zone of the first fluid, the latter circulates almost in cross current with the second fluid.
  • the two fluids circulate in parallel currents (against the current if the second fluid circulates from top to bottom or in co-currents, if the second fluid circulates from bottom to top) and in the upper zone, which is in the case considered the evacuation zone of the first fluid, it circulates almost in cross current with the second fluid.
  • the supply plate (respectively discharge) of the second fluid it suffices, in the supply plate (respectively discharge) of the second fluid, to make the openings necessary for the introduction (respectively at the outlet) of said fluid only in the lower part ( respectively in the upper part) of the plate in question.
  • the dimensioning of the exchanger structures of the invention can be very varied depending on the flow rates and temperatures of the fluids put into exchange relationship.
  • the length and width of the plates can be several tens of centimeters, their thickness from less than 1 mm to a few millimeters and the distance between the median planes of adjacent plates can be from a few millimeters to a few centimeters.
  • the number of plates juxtaposed to constitute the exchange block can be from about ten to several hundred.
  • the exchange surface per unit volume of the devices according to the invention can be high. Average values of this surface are in the neighborhood of 150 to 200 m2 per m3.
  • the plates constituting the exchanger structures according to the invention can be made of various materials, good or medium heat conductors, depending on the temperatures of the fluids involved in the heat exchange.
  • the material may consist of a thermoplastic material such as polypropylene, optionally charged, for temperatures below 100 ° C., polyvinylidene fluoride, for temperatures ranging for example from 100 to 140 ° C., or alternatively an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. charged, for temperatures ranging, for example, from 140 to 190 ° C.
  • a thermoplastic material such as polypropylene, optionally charged, for temperatures below 100 ° C., polyvinylidene fluoride, for temperatures ranging for example from 100 to 140 ° C., or alternatively an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. charged, for temperatures ranging, for example, from 140 to 190 ° C.
  • the plates can also be made of thermosetting plastics, such as, for example, polyesters or epoxy resins.
  • the material can also consist of a metal, a metal alloy, glass, cement or ceramic. It may also consist of a composite material such as, for example, a plastic material loaded with pulverulent, granular, filamentary, woven or nonwoven products, said products or fillers themselves being able to consist of metals, alloys, amorphous carbon, graphite, glass, ceramic or even mineral salts.
  • its mass surface may be around 6 to 7 dm2 / kg for steel and around 40 to 50 dm 2 / kg for a plastic material.
  • the plates can be obtained by various shaping methods.
  • the material is a light alloy, a thermoplastic material or a thermosetting material, they can be produced by molding (in particular injection molding).
  • the heat exchange devices according to the invention are furthermore provided with supply and evacuation conduits for each of the fluids participating in the exchange, these conduits being connected to the exchange structure proper by conventional means. which will not be described in more detail. They can be used for heat exchanges between gases, in particular for heat recovery from flue gases (from boilers, ovens, etc.), the heat recovered can be used in particular to heat air (for example preheating the combustion air from the boiler or oven).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur de structure modulaire utilisable notamment pour des échanges thermiques entre gaz.The invention relates to a heat exchanger of modular structure which can be used in particular for heat exchanges between gases.

Le déposant a déjà décrit précédemment divers dispositifs d'échange thermique de structure modulaire, par exemple dans les demandes de brevet français publiées FR-A 2 530 798 et 2 541 442. Les dispositifs décrits dans ces documents étaient constitués d'un empilement de grilles (ou treillis) assemblées les unes au-dessus des autres par encastrement, ces grilles pouvant être obtenues par moulage par injection d'un matériau thermoplastique (métal ou résine synthétique) ou réalisées par assemblage de lamelles elles-mêmes obtenues par usinage ou par moulage par injection de divers matériaux thermosplastiques. Lorsque les lamelles ou les cloisons constituant les grilles empilées ne comportaient aucun évidement, selon un type particulier de structure d'échange, lesdites lamelles ou cloisons superposées formaient des canaux séparés dans lesquels pouvaient circuler, par exemple dans des rangées de canaux alternées, les fluides participant à l'échange, les fluides considérés circulant alors en courants parallèles (en co-courants ou à contre-courant).The applicant has previously described various heat exchange devices of modular structure, for example in the published French patent applications FR-A 2,530,798 and 2,541,442. The devices described in these documents consist of a stack of grids (or trellis) assembled one above the other by embedding, these grids can be obtained by injection molding of a thermoplastic material (metal or synthetic resin) or produced by assembling lamellae themselves obtained by machining or by molding by injection of various thermosplastic materials. When the lamellae or partitions constituting the stacked grids had no recess, according to a particular type of exchange structure, said superimposed lamellae or partitions formed separate channels in which the fluids could flow, for example in rows of alternate channels participating in the exchange, the fluids considered then circulating in parallel currents (in co-currents or against the current).

Selon un autre type de structure d'échange, certaines des lamelles ou des cloitsons, en particulier un des ensembles de lamelles ou cloisons parallèles entre elles, pouvaient également comporter des évidements, créant entre les canaux d'une même rangée des communications permettant à l'un des fluides de circuler dans une direction globalement perpendiculaire aux lamelles ou cloisons ainsi ajourées, donc dans une direction globalement perpendiculaire à celle des canaux parcourus par l'autre fluide. Dans ce cas, l'échangeur pouvait fonctionner en courants croisés.According to another type of exchange structure, some of the lamellae or cloitsons, in particular one of the sets of lamellae or partitions parallel to each other, could also have recesses, creating communications between the channels of the same row allowing 'one of the fluids to flow in a direction generally perpendicular to the lamellae or partitions thus perforated, therefore in a direction generally perpendicular to that of the channels traversed by the other fluid. In this case, the exchanger could operate in cross currents.

Un mode de réalisation particulier décrit consistait en un échangeur à trois blocs, comprenant un bloc central à courants parallèles (par exemple à contre-courant) correspondant à une structure du premier type ci-dessus et deux blocs terminaux correspondant à une structure de second type ci-dessus et servant à l'amenée et à l'évacuation des fluides. Les échangeurs de chaleur ainsi constitués pouvaient être utilisés notamment pour la récupération de chaleur par de l'air introduit (et évacué) latéralement à travers les blocs terminaux dans des réseaux de canaux communicants, sur des fumées qui, pour leur part, traversaient les blocs terminaux par des rangées de canaux séparés. Un autre mode de réalisation pouvait consister en un seul bloc correspondant à une structure du second type ci-dessus, une telle structure étant destinée à fonctionner en courants croisés.A particular embodiment described consisted of a three-block exchanger, comprising a central block with parallel currents (for example against the current) corresponding to a structure of the first type above and two terminal blocks corresponding to a structure of the second type above and used for the supply and evacuation of fluids. The heat exchangers thus formed could be used in particular for the recovery of heat by air introduced (and discharged) laterally through the terminal blocks in networks of communicating channels, on fumes which, for their part, passed through the blocks terminals by separate rows of channels. Another embodiment could consist of a single block corresponding to a structure of the second type above, such a structure being intended to operate in cross currents.

Le document GB-A 2 122 738 décrit un échangeur de chaleur dont la zone d'échange est formée d'une juxtaposition ou d'un empilement de plaques obtenues par moulage d'un matériau thermoplastique, ces plaques comportant des ailettes de matériau céramique de conductivité thermique élevée, traversant lesdites plaques et assujetties à celles-ci au moment du moulage. Outre le fait que la mise en place des ailettes lors du moulage des plaques est une opération relativement malaisée, la disposition d'ailettes traversant les plaques pose un problème d'étanchéité entre espaces de circulation adjacents, auquel on cherche à apporter une solution, dans ce document antérieur et propose par exemple la mise en place autour de chaque ailette de deux joints toriques de caoutchouc.Document GB-A 2 122 738 describes a heat exchanger, the exchange zone of which is formed by a juxtaposition or a stack of plates obtained by molding a thermoplastic material, these plates comprising fins of ceramic material of high thermal conductivity, passing through and subject to said plates at the time of molding. In addition to the fact that the fitting of the fins during the molding of the plates is a relatively awkward operation, the arrangement of fins passing through the plates poses a sealing problem between adjacent circulation spaces, to which it is sought to provide a solution, in this previous document and proposes for example the installation around each fin of two rubber O-rings.

Il apparait en outre que dans la zone d'échange ainsi constituée, les espaces pour la circulation des fluides, délimités par des plaques adjacentes, ne peuvent être parcourus qu'en courants parallèles.It also appears that in the exchange zone thus formed, the spaces for the circulation of fluids, delimited by adjacent plates, can only be traversed in parallel currents.

Il était important, notamment pour les échanges de chaleur entre d'une part des fumées de chaudière ou de four dont on désire récupérer la chaleur et d'autre part de l'air à rechauffer, de pouvoir faire circuler les deux fluides considérées en courants croisés, l'air circulant par exemple dans une direction horizontale et les fumées circulant alors verticalement, de manière que l'eau de condensation provenant du refroidissement de la vapeur contenue dans les fumées puisse s'écouler par gravité dans les espaces prévus pour la circulation desdites fumées.It was important, in particular for heat exchanges between on the one hand boiler or oven fumes from which it is desired to recover the heat and on the other hand of the air to be heated, to be able to circulate the two fluids considered as currents crossed, the air circulating for example in a horizontal direction and the fumes then circulating vertically, so that the condensation water coming from the cooling of the vapor contained in the fumes can flow by gravity into the spaces provided for circulation said fumes.

On a maintenant mis au point de nouveaux dispositifs d'échange thermique à plaques, susceptible d'être parcourus par deux fluides en courants croisés, ces dispositifs ne présentant pas les inconvénients de ceux de l'art antérieur tels qu'indiqués plus haut.We have now developed new plate heat exchange devices, capable of being traversed by two fluids in cross currents, these devices do not have the drawbacks of those of the prior art as indicated above.

En particulier leurs éléments constitutifs, consistant en des plaques munies d'entretoises qui seront décrites plus loin, sont plus aisés à fabriquer. Un autre avantage réside dans la réduction considérable des possibilités de fuite entre fluides en relation d'échange thermique.In particular their constituent elements, consisting of plates provided with spacers which will be described later, are easier to manufacture. Another advantage lies in the considerable reduction in the possibilities of leakage between fluids in heat exchange relationship.

D'une manière générale, l'invention propose un dispositif pour l'échange thermique entre un fluide relativement chaud et un fluide relativement froid, qui comprend une zone d'échange et des moyens d'amenée et d'évacuation pour chacun desdits fluides, ladite zone d'échange comprenant au moins un bloc formé par juxtaposition d'une pluralité de plaques rectangulaires parallèles entre elles, chaque plaque étant munie sur au moins une des faces d'entretoises continues ou crénelées, parallèles entre elles sur une même plaque et d'une plaque à l'autre, ces plaques étant constitués et disposées de telle manière que, pour deux plaques adjacentes quelconques, au moins une des faces en vis-à-vis est munie d'entretoises, les plaques, ainsi juxtaposées de manière à définir des espaces de circulation pour lesdits fluides, étant en outre constituées et disposées de telle manière que, pour un espace de circulation sur deux, les entretoises portées par au moins une des faces en vis-à-vis des deux plaques adjacentes délimitant ledit espace, soient des entretoises crénelées; les entretoises sont d'une seule pièce avec les plaques qui les portent et au moins une partie desdites entretoises sont, sur au moins une partie de leur longueur, en contact avec la face de la plaque adjacente en vis-à-vis, ou avec au moins une partie des entretoises éventuellement présentes sur ladite face en vis-à-vis, sur au moins une partie de leur longueur; pour permettre la circulation des fluides à courants croisés, ladite zone d'échange comprend des plaques terminales disposées perpendiculairement aux plaques formant le bloc d'échange et perpendiculairement à la direction des entretoises, ces plaques étant pourvues d'ouvertures pour l'amenée ou l'évacuation d'un premier fluide dans (ou hors de) un espace de circulation sur deux, et des plaques terminales disposées perpendiculairement aux plaques formant le bloc d'échange et parallèlement à la direction des entretoises, ces plaques étant pourvues d'ouvertures pour l'amenée ou l'évacuation d'un second fluide dans les (ou hors des) autres espaces de circulation, les moyens d'amende et d'évacuation du premier fluide étant connectés à ladite zone d'échange de manière que la circulation dudit fluide se fasse, dans les espaces de circulation correspondants, dans une direction parallèle aux entretoises continues ou crénelées comprises dans lesdits espaces, et les moyens d'amenée et d'évacuation fluide sont connectés à ladite zone d'échange de manière que la circulation dudit fluide se fasse, dans les espaces de circulation correspondants, dans une direction globalement perpendiculaire aux entretoises crénelées comprises dans lesdits espaces, à travers les créneaux de celles-ci.In general, the invention provides a device for the heat exchange between a relatively hot fluid and a relatively cold fluid, which comprises an exchange zone and means for supplying and discharging each of said fluids, said exchange zone comprising at least one block formed by juxtaposition of a plurality of rectangular plates parallel to each other, each plate being provided on at least one of the faces of continuous or crenellated spacers, parallel to each other on the same plate and d '' one plate to another, these plates being formed and arranged in such a way that, for any two adjacent plates, at least one of the opposite faces is provided with spacers, the plates, thus juxtaposed so as to defining circulation spaces for said fluids, being further constituted and arranged in such a way that, for one circulation space out of two, the spacers carried by at least one of the faces facing the two plates es adjacent delimiting said space, are crenellated spacers; the spacers are in one piece with the plates which carry them and at least part of said spacers are, over at least part of their length, in contact with the face of the adjacent plate vis-à-vis, or with at least part of the spacers possibly present on said face opposite, over at least part of their length; to allow the circulation of fluids with cross currents, said exchange zone comprises end plates arranged perpendicular to the plates forming the exchange block and perpendicular to the direction of the spacers, these plates being provided with openings for the supply or evacuation of '' a first fluid in (or out of) one circulation space out of two, and end plates arranged perpendicular to the plates forming the exchange block and parallel to the direction of the spacers, these plates being provided with openings for the supply or the evacuation of a second fluid in (or out of) the other circulation spaces, the means for fine and evacuation of the first fluid being connected to said exchange zone so that the circulation of said fluid takes place , in the corresponding circulation spaces, in a direction parallel to the continuous or crenellated spacers included in said spaces, and the fluid supply and evacuation means are known. ected to said exchange zone so that the circulation of said fluid takes place, in the corresponding circulation spaces, in a direction generally perpendicular to the crenellated spacers included in said spaces, through the slots thereof.

Dans la suite, les entretoises crénelées pourront aussi être dites "échancrées" (on emploiera de même indifféremment les termes "créneau" et "échancrure"). Les entretoises continues pourront aussi être dites "pleines". De manière préférée, les plaques dont la juxtaposition constitue la zone d'échange des dispositifs de l'invention sont rectangulaires et les entretoises qu'elles portent (qu'elles soient crénelées ou continues) sont parallèles aux bords homologues de l'ensemble desdites plaques.In the following, the crenellated spacers may also be called "indented" (the terms "niche" and "indented" will be used interchangeably). Continuous spacers can also be called "full". Preferably, the plates whose juxtaposition constitutes the exchange zone of the devices of the invention are rectangular and the spacers which they carry (whether crenellated or continuous) are parallel to the homologous edges of all of said plates .

L'invention sera décrite en liaison avec les figures annexées dans lesquelles:

  • - la Figure 1 représente une vue en perspective de deux positions de plaques adjacentes correspondant à une premier mode particulier de réalisation, dans lequel chaque plaque porte sur ses deux faces des entretroises parallèles échancrées;
  • - la Figure 1A représente une vue en perspective d'une portion d'échangeur de chaleur formé par juxtaposition d'une pluralité de plaques du type représenté par la Figure 1 (on a représenté, de façon fragmentaire, quatre plaques juxtaposées);
  • - la Figure 2 représente une vue en perspective de deux portions de plaques adjacentes correspondant à une variante de la Figure 1;
  • - la Figure 2A représente une vue en perspective d'une portion d'échangeur formé par juxtaposition de quatre plaques du type représenté par la Figure 2;
  • - la Figure 3 représente une vue en perspective de deux portions de plaques adjacentes correspondant à une seconde variante des plaques de la Figure 1, dans laquelle chaque plaque porte des entretoises (échancrées) sur une seule de ses faces;
  • - la Figure 4 représente une vue en perspective de deux portions de plaques adjacentes, correspondant à un second mode particulier de réalisation, dans lequel chaque plaque porte des entretoises parallèles échancrées sur une de ses faces et des entretoises parallèles pleines sur l'autre face;
  • - la Figure 5 montre en coupe un mode de positionnement par ergots de deux plaques adjacentes;
  • - la Figure 6A montre en coupe, sur deux portions de plaques, un système d'assemblage de l'ensemble des plaques juxtaposées et la Figure 6B montre en coupe, sur deux portions de plaques, un mode préféré de réalisation d'un tel système;
  • - les Figures 7 et 8 montrent en perspective deux modes d'assemblage de plaques élémentaires dans un même plan le long d'un bord perpendiculaire à la direction des entretoises;
  • - les Figures 9 et 9A montrent un mode d'assemblage de plaques élémentaires dans un même plan, le long d'un bord parallèle à la direction des entretoises;
  • - les Figures 10A et 10B montrent schématiquement deux modes de fonctionnement possibles de structures d'échangeur selon l'invention;
  • - la Figure 11 est une vue en perspective d'une portion de structure d'échangeur selon l'invention;
  • - la Figure 11 A est une vue en coupe de la Figure 11 selon les plans A-A.
The invention will be described in conjunction with the appended figures in which:
  • - Figure 1 shows a perspective view of two positions of adjacent plates corresponding to a first particular embodiment, in which each plate carries on its two faces of the notched parallel spacers;
  • - Figure 1A shows a perspective view of a portion of heat exchanger formed by juxtaposition of a plurality of plates of the type shown in Figure 1 (there is shown, in a fragmentary manner, four juxtaposed plates);
  • - Figure 2 shows a perspective view of two adjacent plate portions corresponding to a variant of Figure 1;
  • - Figure 2A shows a perspective view of a portion of exchanger formed by juxtaposition of four plates of the type shown in Figure 2;
  • - Figure 3 shows a perspective view of two portions of adjacent plates corresponding to a second variant of the plates of Figure 1, in which each plate carries spacers (indented) on only one of its faces;
  • - Figure 4 shows a perspective view of two adjacent plate portions, corresponding to a second particular embodiment, in which each plate carries parallel spacers indented on one of its faces and solid parallel spacers on the other face;
  • - Figure 5 shows in section a positioning mode by pins of two adjacent plates;
  • - Figure 6A shows in section, on two portions of plates, a system for assembling all the juxtaposed plates and Figure 6B shows in section, on two portions of plates, a preferred embodiment of such a system ;
  • - Figures 7 and 8 show in perspective two modes of assembly of elementary plates in the same plane along an edge perpendicular to the direction of the spacers;
  • - Figures 9 and 9A show a method of assembling elementary plates in the same plane, along an edge parallel to the direction of the spacers;
  • - Figures 10A and 10B schematically show two possible operating modes of exchanger structures according to the invention;
  • - Figure 11 is a perspective view of a portion of exchanger structure according to the invention;
  • - Figure 11 A is a sectional view of Figure 11 along the planes AA.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation d'une zone d'échange thermique de l'invention, décrite en relation avec les Figures 1 et 1 A, les plaques 1 dont la juxtaposition constitue ladite zone d'échange (sauf éventuellement les plaques extrêmes), de préférence rectangulaires, portent sur chacune de leurs faces, des entretoises échancrées (ou crénelées) 2, ces entretoises, parallèles entre elles étant en outre avantageusement parallèles aux bords desdits plaques 1 et équidistantes sur la largeur des plaques 1. Les échancrures (ou créneaux) 3 peuvent avoir une profondeur égale à l'épaisseur des entretoises 2 ou une profondeur inférieure. Cette dernière possibilité est illustrée sur la Figure 11. Sur les entretoises 2 d'une même face d'une plaque 1, les échancrures 3 peuvent être situées en alignement perpendiculairement à la direction desdites entretoises 2 comme représenté sur les Figures 1 et1A.According to a first embodiment of a heat exchange zone of the invention, described in relation to FIGS. 1 and 1 A, the plates 1, the juxtaposition of which constitutes said exchange zone (except possibly the extreme plates), preferably rectangular, have on each of their faces, indented spacers (or crenellated) 2, these spacers, mutually parallel being further advantageously parallel to the edges of said plates 1 and equidistant over the width of the plates 1. The indentations (or slots ) 3 may have a depth equal to the thickness of the spacers 2 or a lower depth. The latter possibility is illustrated in Figure 11. On the spacers 2 of the same face of a plate 1, the notches 3 may be located in alignment perpendicular to the direction of said spacers 2 as shown in Figures 1 and 1A.

Entre une face d'une plaque 1 quelconque et la face en vis-à-vis de la plaque 1 adjacente, les entretoises 2 sont en regard les unes des autres et leurs échancrures 3 se correspondent respectivement.Between one face of any plate 1 and the opposite face of the adjacent plate 1, the spacers 2 are opposite one another and their notches 3 correspond respectively.

Ainsi, la juxtaposition de plaques telles que 1 amène les parties saillantes 4 des entretoises 2 d'une face d'une plaque en contact avec les parties saillantes 4 des entretoises 2 correspondantes de la face en vis-à-vis de la plaque 1 adjacente. Une telle juxtaposition de plaques 1 forme une zone d'échange 5, telle que représentée sur la Figure 1 A, dans laquelle la présence des échancrures 3 et des parties saillantes 4 permet de ménager entre deux plaques adjacentes quelconques 1 un réseau de circulation pour un fluide, chaque réseau pouvant être parcouru dans une direction parallèle ou dans une direction perpendiculaire aux entretoises 2. Les divers réseaux adjacents sont séparés, par construction même, par les plaques 1 elles-mêmes, de sorte qu'il n'y a, entre les fluides circulant dans des réseaux adjacents, aucun passage possible, donc aucun risque de fuite.Thus, the juxtaposition of plates such as 1 brings the protruding parts 4 of the spacers 2 of one face of a plate into contact with the protruding parts 4 of the corresponding spacers 2 of the face opposite the adjacent plate 1 . Such a juxtaposition of plates 1 forms an exchange zone 5, as shown in FIG. 1A, in which the presence of the notches 3 and the protruding parts 4 makes it possible to provide, between any two adjacent plates 1, a circulation network for a fluid, each network being able to be traversed in a direction parallel or in a direction perpendicular to the spacers 2. The various adjacent networks are separated, by cons truction even, by the plates 1 themselves, so that there is, between the fluids circulating in adjacent networks, no possible passage, therefore no risk of leakage.

La structure de la zone d'échange 5 offre un grand nombre de possibilités de circulation pour les fluides parcourant les divers réseaux.The structure of the exchange zone 5 offers a large number of circulation possibilities for the fluids traversing the various networks.

Ainsi, lorsque deux fluides sont mis en jeu, ils sont introduits chacun alternativement dans un réseau de circulation sur deux.Thus, when two fluids are brought into play, they are each introduced alternately into one out of two circulation networks.

Les deux fluides peuvent circuler en courants parallèles (en co-courants ou à contre-courant) parallèlement à la direction des entretoises 2. Ils peuvent aussi circuler en courants parallèles (en co-courants ou à contre-courant) dans une direction perpendiculaire à celle des entretoises 2, à travers les échancrures 3. Mais l'intérêt principal de la structure décrite ci-dessus réside dans le fait que les deux fluides peuvent y circuler en courants croisés, l'un des fluides circulant parallèlement aux entretoises 2, dans un réseau sur deux, l'autre fluide circulant, dans les autres réseaux, perpendiculairement aux entretoises 2, à travers les passages créés par les échancrures 3.The two fluids can circulate in parallel currents (in co-currents or against the current) parallel to the direction of the spacers 2. They can also circulate in parallel currents (in co-currents or against the current) in a direction perpendicular to that of the spacers 2, through the notches 3. But the main interest of the structure described above lies in the fact that the two fluids can circulate there in cross currents, one of the fluids circulating parallel to the spacers 2, in one network out of two, the other fluid flowing, in the other networks, perpendicular to the spacers 2, through the passages created by the notches 3.

Il suffit, pour réaliser chacun des modes de circulation ci-dessus, de prévoir de fermer ou de laisser ouverts les réseaux sur les faces extrêmes perpendiculaires aux plaques 1, de la zone d'échange aux endroits convenables et d'amener les fluides dans les réseaux où ils doivent circuler (ou de les en évacuer) par les ouvertures appropriées. Cela peut être réalisé par apposition, sur lesdites faces extrêmes de la zone d'échange 5, de plaques ne comportant que les ouvertures nécessaires à l'accès d'une des séries de réseaux de circulation (pour y introduire ou en évacuer le fluide correspondant), les parties pleines desdites plaques obturant les ouvertures correspondant à l'autre série de réseaux réservés à la circulation de l'autre fluide. Ces plaques extrêmes seront décrites plus en détail ultérieurement, en liaison avec les Figures 11 et 11A.It suffices, in order to carry out each of the above modes of circulation, to plan to close or leave open the networks on the end faces perpendicular to the plates 1, from the exchange zone to suitable places and to bring the fluids into the networks where they must circulate (or evacuate them) through the appropriate openings. This can be achieved by affixing, on said end faces of the exchange zone 5, plates comprising only the openings necessary for access to one of the series of circulation networks (to introduce or evacuate the corresponding fluid therein). ), the solid parts of said plates closing the openings corresponding to the other series of networks reserved for the circulation of the other fluid. These end plates will be described in more detail later, in conjunction with Figures 11 and 11A.

Dans une variante du mode de réalisation décrit ci-dessus, représentée par les Figures 2 et 2A, les échancrures 8 de chacune des entretroises 7 d'une même face d'une plaque 6 ne sont plus situées (entre elles) en alignement perpendiculairement à la direction des entretoises 7, mais sont décalées sur deux entretoises voisines. Dans les réseaux constitués par la mise en contact des faces en vis-à-vis présentant une telle disposition des échancrures 8, l'espace de circulation présente une configuration différente, telle que - notamment lorsque le fluide circule dans une direction globalement perpendiculaire aux entretoises 8 - sa circulation se fait suivant des trajets sinueux, et non relativement directement comme c'était le cas pour les plaques 1 des Figures 1 et 1A, où les échancrures 3 des entretoises 2 n'étaient pas décalées.In a variant of the embodiment described above, represented by FIGS. 2 and 2A, the notches 8 of each of the spacers 7 on the same face of a plate 6 are no longer located (between them) in alignment perpendicular to the direction of the spacers 7, but are offset on two neighboring spacers. In the networks formed by bringing the facing faces into contact with such an arrangement of the notches 8, the circulation space has a different configuration, such that - in particular when the fluid circulates in a direction generally perpendicular to the spacers 8 - its circulation takes place along sinuous paths, and not relatively directly as was the case for the plates 1 of Figures 1 and 1A, where the notches 3 of the spacers 2 were not offset.

Le décalage des échancrures 8 (et donc aussi des parties saillantes 9), peut présenter une certaine régularité; telles que représentées sur les Figures 2 et 2A, les échancrures 8 sont décalées pour une entretoise 7 sur deux, sur une même face d'une plaque 6. On peut aussi envisager un décalage moins régulier, se répétant avec une périodicité de plus de deux entretoises, ou encore un décalage tout à fait désordonné sur toute la largeur d'une face d'une plaque.The offset of the notches 8 (and therefore also of the projecting parts 9), can have a certain regularity; as shown in Figures 2 and 2A, the notches 8 are offset for a spacer 7 in two, on the same face of a plate 6. It is also possible to envisage a less regular offset, repeating with a periodicity of more than two spacers, or a completely disordered offset over the entire width of one face of a plate.

Sur les Figures 2 et 2A, la disposition décalée des échancrures 8, ne concerne qu'un réseau sur deux de la zone d'échange 10, mais elle pourrait aussi concerner tous les réseaux de circulation. Lorsque les échancrures 8 (et les parties saillantes 9) des entretoises 7 de chancune des faces d'une même plaque 6 présentent des dispositions décalées, la "régularité" du décalage peut être prévue diffe- rente sur l'une et l'autre face de la même plaque 6.In FIGS. 2 and 2A, the offset arrangement of the notches 8 only concerns one network out of two in the exchange zone 10, but it could also concern all the traffic networks. When the notches 8 (and the projecting parts 9) of the spacers 7 of each of the faces of the same plate 6 have staggered arrangements, the "regularity" of the offset can be provided for differently on both sides. from the same plate 6.

Dans une autre variante du mode de réalisation décrit plus haut en liaison avec les Figures 1 et 1 A, les plaques 11, telles que représentées sur la Figure 3 ne portent des entretoises 12 que sur une de leurs faces, ces entretoises 12 comportant des échancrures 13, situées par exemple en alignement perpendiculairement auxdites entretoises 12 d'une même plaque 11.In another variant of the embodiment described above in conjunction with Figures 1 and 1 A, the plates 11, as shown in Figure 3 only carry spacers 12 on one of their faces, these spacers 12 having notches 13, located for example in alignment perpendicular to said spacers 12 of the same plate 11.

Lors de la juxtaposition des plaques 11 pour former une zone d'échange, les bords les plus extérieurs (c'est-à-dire les parties saillantes 14) des entretoises échancrées 12 d'une plaque 11 viennent en contact avec la face en vis-à-vis de la plaque 11 adjacente, ladite face ne comportant pas d'entretoises.During the juxtaposition of the plates 11 to form an exchange zone, the outermost edges (that is to say the projecting parts 14) of the notched spacers 12 of a plate 11 come into contact with the face in screw -with respect to the adjacent plate 11, said face not comprising spacers.

La zone d'échange une fois assemblée présente une géométrie analogue à celle de la zone d'échange 5 telle que représentée sur la Figure 1A et décrite plus haut. De la même façon, lorsque l'on met en jeu deux fluides, on peut les faire circuler chacun dans un réseau sur deux, en courants parallèles entre eux et parallèles aux entretoises 12, en courants parallèles entre eux et perpendiculaires aux entretoises 12, ou encore en courants croisés. Il est également possible, dans une autre variante, de prévoir, pour tous les réseaux de circulation des fluides ou pour un réseau sur deux, un décalage des échancrures 13 entre les entretoises voisines 12 d'une même plaque 11, comme cela a été décrit plus haut pour les plaques 6, notamment en liaison avec les Figures 2 et 2A.The exchange zone once assembled has a geometry similar to that of the exchange zone 5 as shown in Figure 1A and described above. In the same way, when two fluids are involved, they can each circulate in a network out of two, in currents parallel to each other and parallel to the spacers 12, in currents parallel to each other and perpendicular to the spacers 12, or still in cross currents. It is also possible, in another variant, to provide, for all the fluid circulation networks or for one network in two, a shift of the notches 13 between the neighboring spacers 12 of the same plate 11, as has been described above for the plates 6, in particular in connection with Figures 2 and 2A.

Selon un second mode de réalisation d'une zone d'échange thermique de l'invention, les plaques dont la juxtaposition constitue ladite zone d'échange (sauf éventuellement les plaques extrêmes) portent sur chacune de leurs faces des entretoises qui sont, sur une des faces de chaque plaque, des entretoises pleines ou continues, les entretoises de l'autre face de la même plaque étant échancrées.According to a second embodiment of a heat exchange zone of the invention, the plates whose juxtaposition constitutes said exchange zone (except possibly the extreme plates) have spacers on each of their faces which are, on a of the faces of each plate, full or continuous spacers, the spacers of the other face of the same plate being indented.

Ainsi, sur la Figure 4, les plaques 15 portent sur une de leurs faces des entretoises échancrées 16 et sur l'autre face des entretoises pleines 17.Thus, in FIG. 4, the plates 15 carry on one of their faces scalloped spacers 16 and on the other face of solid spacers 17.

Comme précédemment, les échancrures 18 des entretoises 16 d'une face d'une même plaque 15 peuvent être situées en alignement perpendiculairement auxdites entretoises 16 ou décalées les unes par rapport aux autres sur deux entretoises voisines quelconques 16. De façon avantageuse, une face d'une plaque 15 portant des entretoises pleines 17 a en vis-à-vis une face portant des entretoises pleines 17 de la plaque adjacente 15, les entretoises pleines 17 des faces en vis-à-vis étant en général en regard les unes des autres. De la même façon, la face d'une plaque 15 portant des entretoises échancrées 16 a en vis-à-vis une face de la plaque adjacente 15 portant elle-même des entretoises échancrées 16, lesdites entretoises 16 étant en général en regard les unes des autres, leurs échancrures 18 et leurs parties saillantes 19 se correspondant respectivement (que ces échancrures 18 et ces parties saillantes 19 soient sur la même plaque 15 en alignement ou qu'elles soient décalées les une par rapport aux autres sur deux entretoises voisines quelconques).As before, the notches 18 of the spacers 16 on one face of the same plate 15 can be located in alignment perpendicular to said spacers 16 or offset with respect to each other on any two adjacent spacers 16. Advantageously, a face d 'a plate 15 carrying solid spacers 17 has vis-à-vis a face carrying solid spacers 17 of the adjacent plate 15, the solid spacers 17 of the opposite faces being generally next to each other. In the same way, the face of a plate 15 carrying indented spacers 16 has opposite one face of the adjacent plate 15 itself carrying indented spacers 16, said spacers 16 generally being opposite one another others, their notches 18 and their projecting parts 19 corresponding respectively (whether these notches 18 and these projecting parts 19 are on the same plate 15 in alignment or that they are offset one relative to the other on any two neighboring spacers) .

La juxtaposition des plaques 15 forme une zone d'échange. Les entretoises pleines 17 d'une face d'une plaque 15 venant au contact sur toute leur longueur, avec les entretoises 17 correspondantes de la face en vis-à-vis de la plaque 15 adjacente forment des rangées de canaux parallèles qui pourront être parcourus par un des fluides mis en jeu, parallèlement aux entretoises 17. Par ailleurs la venue en contact des parties saillantes 19 des entretoises échancrées 16 de faces en vis-à-vis de deux plaques adjacentes 15 permet de former un réseau de circulation pour un second fluide. L'ensemble de réseaux peut être parcouru par ledit second fluide dans une direction parallèle aux entretoises 16 (dans ce cas, les deux fluides circulent en courants parallèles: en co-courants ou à contre-courant) ou dans une direction perpendiculaire aux entretoises 16, à travers les passages créés par les échancrures 18 (dans ce cas les deux fluides circulent en courants croisés).The juxtaposition of the plates 15 forms an exchange zone. The solid spacers 17 on one side of a plate 15 coming into contact over their entire length, with the corresponding spacers 17 on the opposite side of the adjacent plate 15 form rows of parallel channels which can be traversed by one of the fluids involved, parallel to the spacers 17. Furthermore, the coming into contact of the protruding parts 19 of the scalloped spacers 16 with faces facing two adjacent plates 15 makes it possible to form a circulation network for a second fluid. The set of networks can be traversed by said second fluid in a direction parallel to the spacers 16 (in this case, the two fluids circulate in parallel currents: in co-currents or against the current) or in a direction perpendicular to the spacers 16 , through the passages created by the notches 18 (in this case the two fluids circulate in crossed currents).

Dans le cadre du second mode de réalisation décrit ci-dessus, il est également possible, comme décrit dans une des variantes du premier mode, de juxtaposer des plaques qui ne portent des entretoises que sur une de leurs faces. Dans le cas présent, on peut envisager que, pour une plaque sur deux, les entretoises sont pleines et, pour les autres plaques, les entretoises sont échancrées. La juxtaposition de telles plaques permet de constituer une zone d'échange présentant une géométrie analogue à celle de la zone d'échange obtenue par juxtaposition de plaques telles que 15 représentées sur la Figure 4 présentant une alternance de réseaux de circulation pour un des fluides et de rangées de canaux pour l'autre fluide.In the context of the second embodiment described above, it is also possible, as described in one of the variants of the first mode, to juxtapose plates which only carry spacers on one of their faces. In the present case, it can be envisaged that, for one plate out of two, the spacers are full and, for the other plates, the spacers are notched. The juxtaposition of such plates makes it possible to constitute an exchange zone having a geometry analogous to that of the exchange zone obtained by juxtaposition of plates such as 15 represented in FIG. 4 presenting an alternation of circulation networks for one of the fluids and of rows of channels for the other fluid.

Cette disposition n'est pas représentée par une figure.This arrangement is not represented by a figure.

Selon une variante qui se rattache aussi bien au premier qu'au second mode de réalisation de la zone d'échange thermique de l'invention, ladite zone d'échange peut être constituée par la juxtaposition alternée de plaques portant des entretoises (crénelées ou continues) sur leurs deux faces et de plaques ne portant pas d'entretoises.According to a variant which is connected both to the first and to the second embodiment of the heat exchange zone of the invention, said exchange zone can be constituted by the alternating juxtaposition of plates carrying spacers (crenellated or continuous ) on both sides and plates without spacers.

On peut encore envisager bien d'autres variantes pour la disposition et la configuration des entretoises portées par les plaques élémentaires dont la juxtaposition forme une structure d'échangeur de l'invention à condition que, d'après la définition générale de l'invention, les entretoises, échancrées ou pleines, soient parallèles entre elles et soient disposées sur les faces des plaques de telle façon au'au moins une partie des entretoises d'une face d'une plaque vienne en contact avec la face en vis-à-vis de la plaque adjacente ou avec au moins une partie des entretoises de la face en vis-à-vis de la plaque adjacente, (les deux plaques adjacentes étant, dans cette juxtaposition, parallèles entre elles), délimitant ainsi des espaces de circulation pour les deux fluides à mettre en relation d'échange thermique, et que, pour au moins un espace de circulation sur deux, les entretoises portées par l'une et/ou par l'autre des faces en vis-à-vis des deux plaques adjacentes délimitant ledit espace soient des entretoises crénelées.We can also envisage many other variants for the arrangement and configuration of the spacers carried by the elementary plates, the juxtaposition of which forms an exchanger structure of the invention provided that, according to the general definition of the invention, the spacers, indented or solid, are mutually parallel and are arranged on the faces of the plates in such a way that at least part of the spacers on one face of a plate comes into contact with the opposite face of the adjacent plate or with at least part of the spacers of the face opposite the adjacent plate, (the two adjacent plates being, in this juxtaposition, parallel to each other), thus delimiting circulation spaces for the two fluids to be put into heat exchange relation, and that, for at least one circulation space out of two, the spacers carried by one and / or by the other of the faces facing the two adjacent plates delimiting said space are crenellated spacers.

Le positionnement des plaques adjacentes dans une direction de plan parallèle à la direction de plan desdites plaques peut être assuré par la mise en correspondance d'ergots mâles et femelles tels que 20 et 21, représentés sur la Figure 5 (ces ergots tels que 20 et 21 étant solidaires des plaques adjacentes 22 et disposés respectivement sur les faces 23 et 24 desdites plaques), chaque ergot mâle 20 d'une face 23 d'une plaque 22 étant en regard d'un ergot femelle 21 de la face en vis-à-vis 24 de la plaque adjacente 22, dans la juxtaposition des plaques.The positioning of the adjacent plates in a plane direction parallel to the plane direction of said plates can be ensured by the matching of male and female lugs such as 20 and 21, represented in FIG. 5 (these lugs such as 20 and 21 being integral with the adjacent plates 22 and disposed respectively on the faces 23 and 24 of the said plates), each male lug 20 on one face 23 of a plate 22 being opposite a female lug 21 on the opposite face screw 24 of the adjacent plate 22, in the juxtaposition of the plates.

Un ergot de positionnement femelle 21 peut consister par exemple en un volume (par exemple de forme cylindrique ou parallélépipède), émergeant d'une hauteur hi de la face 24 de la plaque 22 qui le porte, dont le plan de section extrême 25 est avantageusement parallèle à ladite face 24, et qui présente une cavité 26 (par exemple de forme cylindrique ou parallélépipédique dont l'axe et/ou les parois ont une direction perpendiculaire à ladite face 24) ouverte sur la face de l'ergot opposée à la plaque, c'est-à-dire sur la section 25. Lorsque la profondeur P1 de la cavité 26 est inférieure à la hauteur h1 de l'ergot femelle, le fond 27 de ladite cavité 26 est à une distance h de la face 24 de la plaque 22.A female positioning lug 21 may consist, for example, of a volume (for example of cylindrical or parallelepiped shape), emerging from a height hi from the face 24 of the plate 22 which carries it, whose plane of extreme section 25 is advantageously parallel to said face 24, and which has a cavity 26 (for example of cylindrical or parallelepiped shape whose axis and / or the walls have a direction perpendicular to said face 24) open on the face of the lug opposite to the plate , that is to say on section 25. When the depth P1 of the cavity 26 is less than the height h 1 of the female lug, the bottom 27 of said cavity 26 is at a distance h from the face 24 from plate 22.

Un ergot de positionnement mâle 20 peut consister pour sa part en un volume émergeant d'une hauteur h2 de la face 23 de la plaque 22 qui le porte, dont le plan de section extrême 28 est avantageusement parallèle à ladite face 23 et dont au moins une partie 29, de hauteur pz, inférieure ou égale à la hauteur totale h2 dudit ergot, présente une forme convenable (par exemple tronconique ou pyramidale tronquée) pour pouvoir s'engager dans la cavité 26 de l'ergot femelle 21 qui lui fait face. L'ergot mâle 20 peut comporter un socle 30, par exemple de forme parallélépipédique ou cylindrique, de hauteur 12 = h2 - P2.A male positioning lug 20 may consist, for its part, of a volume emerging from a height h 2 from the face 23 of the plate 22 which carries it, whose end section plane 28 is advantageously parallel to said face 23 and whose at least one part 29, of height p z , less than or equal to the total height h 2 of said lug, has a suitable shape (for example frustoconical or truncated pyramid) to be able to engage in the cavity 26 of the female lug 21 which faces him. The male lug 20 may include a base 30, for example of parallelepipedal or cylindrical shape, of height 1 2 = h 2 - P2.

Les dimensions et la forme des ergots mâles et fe- mellés 20 et 21, en particulier l'inclinaison de la surface tronconique ou pyramidale tronquée de la partie 29 de l'ergot mâle 20, sont choisis de telle manière que le positionnement des plaques adjacentes, à une distance déterminée par les hauteurs des entretoises 31 et 32, présente le moins de jeu possible.The dimensions and the shape of the male and female lugs 20 and 21, in particular the inclination of the truncated frustoconical or pyramidal surface of the part 29 of the male lug 20, are chosen so that the positioning of the adjacent plates , at a distance determined by the heights of the spacers 31 and 32, presents the least possible play.

Ainsi par exemple, les entretoises 31 et 32 étant en contact, le plan extrême 25 de l'ergot femelle 21 peut venir en contact avec le plan extrême du socle 30 de l'ergot mâle 20, lorsqu'il existe un tel socle, ou avec la face 23 de la plaque, lorsqu'il n'y a pas de socle, c'est-à-dire lorsque pz = h2. On a alors la relation: h1 + 12 = d ou h1 +h2 - P2 = d ou encore, si les hauteurs hi et hz sont données, P2 = h1 + h2 - d.Thus, for example, the spacers 31 and 32 being in contact, the end plane 25 of the female lug 21 can come into contact with the end plane of the base 30 of the male lug 20, when there is such a base, or with the face 23 of the plate, when there is no base, that is to say when pz = h 2 . We then have the relation: h 1 + 1 2 = d or h 1 + h 2 - P2 = d or again, if the heights hi and hz are given, P2 = h 1 + h 2 - d.

Il convient dans ce cas, pour réduire au maximum les possibilités de jeu entre les plaques, que les dimensions du bord intérieur de la cavité 26 de l'ergot femelle 21 soient identiques aux dimensions de la partie 29 tronconique ou pyramidale tronquée de l'ergot mâle 20, a sa jonction avec le socle 30 (ou avec la face 23 de la plaque lorsqu'il n'y a pas de socle ).In this case, in order to minimize the possibilities of play between the plates, the dimensions of the internal edge of the cavity 26 of the female lug 21 should be identical to the dimensions of the frustoconical or truncated pyramid part 29 of the lug male 20, at its junction with the base 30 (or with the face 23 of the plate when there is no base).

En outre, il est préféré que le plan extrême 28 de la partie 29 tronconique ou pyramidale tronquée de l'ergot mâle 20 ne soit pas en contact avec le fond de la cavité 26 de l'ergot femelle 21; et l'on a p2 < P1 ou h2 + l1 < d.In addition, it is preferred that the extreme plane 28 of the frustoconical or truncated pyramidal part 29 of the male lug 20 is not in contact with the bottom of the cavity 26 of the female lug 21; and we ap 2 <P 1 or h 2 + l 1 <d.

On peut également envisager que le contact entre l'ergot mâle 20 et l'ergot femelle 21 se fasse par mise en contact du plan extrême 28 de l'ergot mâle 20 avec le fond 27 de la cavité 26 de l'ergot femelle 21. On a alors: h2 + h = d ou h2 + hi - P1 = d ou encore, si les hauteurs h1 et h2 sont données, P1 = h1 + h2 - d.It is also conceivable that the contact between the male lug 20 and the female lug 21 is made by bringing the extreme plane 28 of the male lug 20 into contact with the bottom 27 of the cavity 26 of the female lug 21. We then have: h 2 + h = d or h 2 + h i - P 1 = d or, if the heights h 1 and h 2 are given, P 1 = h 1 + h 2 - d.

Pour réduire au maximum les possibilités de jeu entre les plaques, il convient dans ce cas que les dimensions du bord intérieur de la cavité 26 de l'ergot femelle 21 soient identiques à celles de la section de la partie 29 tronconique ou pyramidale tronquée de l'ergot mâle 20 au même niveau, étant entendu qu'il est en outre préféré qu'il n'y ait pas contact entre le plan extrême 25 de l'ergot femelle 21 et le plan extrême du socle 30 de l'ergot mâle 20, lorsqu'il existe un tel socle, ou avec la face 23 de la plaque, lorsqu'il n'y a pas de socle. On a donc pi < p2 ou h1 + 12 < d.To minimize the possibilities of play between the plates, it is necessary in this case that the dimensions of the inner edge of the cavity 26 of the female lug 21 are identical to those of the section of the frustoconical or truncated pyramid part 29 of the male pin 20 at the same level, it being further preferred that there is no contact between the extreme plane 25 of the female pin 21 and the extreme plane of the base 30 of the male pin 20 , when there is such a base, or with the face 23 of the plate, when there is no base. We therefore have pi <p 2 or h 1 + 1 2 <d.

Cependant, le cas le plus avantageux est celui où le contact entre les ergots mâles 20 et les ergots femelles 21 ne se fait ni par mise en contact du plan extrême 25 des ergots femelles 21 avec socle 30 des ergots mâles 20, ni par mise en contact du plan extrême 28 des ergots mâles 20 avec le fond 27 de la cavité 26 des ergots femelles 21, mais par mise en contact du bord intérieur de la cavité 26 des ergots femelles 21 avec la partie 29 tronconique ou pyramidale tronquée des ergots mâles 20, à un niveau intermédiaire de celle-ci, où les dimensions coïncident. Dans cette disposition, il n'y a pas de jeu latéral possible entre les plaques. C'est celle qui est représentée par la Figure 5.However, the most advantageous case is that where the contact between the male pins 20 and the female pins 21 is made neither by bringing the extreme plane 25 of the female pins 21 into contact with the base 30 of the male pins 20, nor by contact of the extreme plane 28 of the male pins 20 with the bottom 27 of the cavity 26 of the female pins 21, but by bringing the inner edge of the cavity 26 of the female pins 21 into contact with the frustoconical or pyramidal part 29 of the male pins 20 , at an intermediate level of it, where the dimensions coincide. In this arrangement, there is no possible lateral play between the plates. This is the one shown in Figure 5.

Les relations qui régissent cette disposition sont les suivantes:

  • h1 + 12 < d, ou h1 + h2 - p2 < d d'une part
  • h2 + l1 < d, ou h2 + hi - P1 < d d'autre part
  • et, si les hauteurs hi et h2 sont données (ainsi que la distance d),
  • p2>h1+h2-d
  • P1 > h1 + h2 - d
The relationships that govern this provision are as follows:
  • h 1 + 1 2 <d, or h 1 + h 2 - p 2 <d on the one hand
  • h 2 + l 1 <d, or h 2 + hi - P 1 <d on the other hand
  • and, if the heights h i and h 2 are given (as well as the distance d),
  • p 2 > h 1 + h 2 -d
  • P 1 > h 1 + h 2 - d

En revanche, on ne peut établir aucune relation d'inégalité entre pl et p2, qui pourraient, le cas échéant, être égaux.On the other hand, one cannot establish any relation of inequality between p l and p 2 , which could, if necessary, be equal.

Les ergots de positionnement 20 et 21 décrits ci-dessus peuvent être répartis de façon quelconque sur les faces de chaque plaque 22, avec la condition qu'à chaque ergot mâle 20 d'une face 23 d'une plaque quelconque 22 corresponde un ergot femelle 21 de la face 24 en vis-à-vis, de la plaque 22 adjacente.The positioning lugs 20 and 21 described above can be distributed in any manner on the faces of each plate 22, with the condition that each male lug 20 on one face 23 of any plate 22 corresponds to a female lug 21 from the face 24 opposite, from the adjacent plate 22.

Sur les faces de chacune des plaques 22 juxtaposées dans une structure d'échangeur selon l'invention, les ergots de positionnement 20 et 21 (mâles ou femelles respectivement) peuvent être placés entre les entretoises ou sur les entretoises elles-mêmes.On the faces of each of the plates 22 juxtaposed in an exchanger structure according to the invention, the positioning pins 20 and 21 (male or female respectively) can be placed between the spacers or on the spacers themselves.

Les ergots de positionnement mâles et femelles considérés dans l'invention peuvent présenter d'autres formes que celles décrites ci-dessus. Ils seront équivalents aux ergots 20 et 21 lorsqu'ils assureront la même fonction qui consiste à empêcher le déplacement des plaques les unes par rapport aux autres dans une direction de plan parallèle à la direction de plan des plaques.The male and female positioning pins considered in the invention may have other shapes than those described above. They will be equivalent to the lugs 20 and 21 when they provide the same function which consists in preventing the displacement of the plates with respect to each other in a plane direction parallel to the plane direction of the plates.

Les plaques juxtaposées qui constituent la zone d'échange du dispositif de l'invention peuvent être maintenues les unes contre les autres par tout moyen de serrage usuel, par exemple au moyen de flasques terminaux reliés et serrés entre eux par des tirants passant à l'extérieur du bloc constituant la structure d'échange.The juxtaposed plates which constitute the exchange zone of the device of the invention can be held against each other by any usual clamping means, for example by means of end plates connected and tightened together by tie rods passing through the outside of the block constituting the exchange structure.

Cependant, afin d'obtenir une meilleure répartition des pressions de serrage sur toute l'étendue des plaques, on préfère, comme représenté sur la Figure 6A, prévoir le passage au travers des plaques 22, par des ouvertures 34, ménagées perpendiculairement à la surface desdites plaques 22 et toutes positionnées en des points homologues desdites plaques juxtaposées, de tirants 35 constitués par exemple de tiges métalliques filetées à leurs ex- trêmités, ces extrémités traversant, de part et d'autres du bloc constituant la structure d'échange, des flasques de préférence métalliques et percés d'ouvertures correspondant aux ouvertures 34 percées dans les plaques 22, le serrage de l'ensemble constitué par les flasques et la structure d'échange qu'ils enserrent pouvant être réalisé au moyen d'écrous vissés sur les extrémités filetées des tiges constituant les tirants 35.However, in order to obtain a better distribution of the clamping pressures over the whole extent of the plates, it is preferred, as shown in FIG. 6A, to provide for passage through the plates 22, by openings 34, formed perpendicular to the surface. of said plates 22 and all positioned at homologous points of said juxtaposed plates, of tie rods 35 constituted for example by metal rods threaded at their ends, these ends passing through, on either side of the block constituting the exchange structure, preferably metal flanges and pierced with openings corresponding to the openings 34 drilled in the plates 22, the tightening of the assembly formed by the flanges and the exchange structure which they enclose can be achieved by means of nuts screwed onto the threaded ends of the rods constituting the tie rods 35.

Les ouvertures 34 permettant le passage des tirants 35 précédemment décrites pouvant être à l'origine de fuites d'un fluide (par exemple relativement froid) dans l'autre fluide (par exemple relativement chaud), à travers les plaques 22, lesdites ouvertures peuvent être, selon une disposition particulière de l'invention, pratiquées à travers des parties des plaques spécialement conçues pour assurer, lors du serrage de l'ensemble des plaques, l'étanchéité entre les espaces de circulation des fluides situés de part et d'autre de chaque plaque. Ainsi, sur la Figure 6A, les ouvertures 34 pratiquées dans les plaques 22 sont munies de manchons 36 de géométrie telle que leurs bords extrêmes entrent en contact lors du serrage de l'ensemble des plaques 22, empêchant ainsi le passage de fluide par les ouvertures 34 d'un espace de circulation 37 à l'espace de circulation 37 voisin. Cette disposition se répétant sur toute l'étendue du bloc d'échange, la limitation des fuites entre tous les espaces de circulation situés de part et d'autre des plaques est ainsi assurée.The openings 34 allowing the passage of the tie rods 35 previously described can be the source of leakage of a fluid (for example relatively cold) in the other fluid (for example relatively hot), through the plates 22, said openings can be, according to a particular arrangement of the invention, practiced through parts of the plates specially designed to ensure, during the tightening of the assembly of the plates, the seal between the spaces for circulation of the fluids situated on either side of each plate. Thus, in FIG. 6A, the openings 34 made in the plates 22 are provided with sleeves 36 of geometry such that their extreme edges come into contact when the assembly of the plates 22 is tightened, thus preventing the passage of fluid through the openings 34 from a circulation space 37 to the neighboring circulation space 37. This arrangement repeating itself over the entire extent of the exchange block, the limitation of leaks between all the circulation spaces situated on either side of the plates is thus ensured.

Les ouvertures 34 pour le passage des tirants 35 peuvent être réparties de façon quelconque sur la surface des plaques 22. La répartition est, de préférence, relativement régulière.The openings 34 for the passage of the tie rods 35 can be distributed in any manner on the surface of the plates 22. The distribution is preferably relatively regular.

Selon une disposition préférée, représentée sur la Figure 6B, les ouvertures 34 pour le passage des tirants 35 peuvent être pratiquées à travers les ergots de positionnement 20 et 21 tels que décrits précédemment dont la géométrie doit alors être telle qu'ils assurent à la fois le positionnement des plaques 22 les unes par rapport aux autres et la limitation des fuites entre les espaces 37 de circulation des fluides de part et d'autre des plaques 22, cette limitation des fuites étant réalisée par les contacts entre les parties mâles et femelles des ergots de positionnement.According to a preferred arrangement, shown in FIG. 6B, the openings 34 for the passage of the tie rods 35 can be made through the positioning pins 20 and 21 as described above, the geometry of which must then be such that they ensure both the positioning of the plates 22 relative to each other and the limitation of leaks between the spaces 37 for circulation of the fluids of on either side of the plates 22, this limitation of the leaks being produced by the contacts between the male and female parts of the positioning pins.

Une structure d'échangeur selon l'invention peut être constituée par la juxtaposition d'un certain nombre de plaques telles que décrites précédemment. Cependant, on peut également envisager de former chaque plaque par assemblage dans le même plan de plusieurs plaques élémentaires, les plaques à assembler étant alors munies, sur leurs tranches respectives, de dispositifs d'assujetissement convenables, l'assemblage étant réalisé par encastrement mutuel desdits dispositifs d'assujetissement. Ainsi, on peut assembler un nombre m de plaques élémentaires par leurs bords perpendiculaires à la direction des entretoises et/ou assembler un nombre n de plaques élémentaires par leurs bords parallèles à la direction des entretoises, formant ainsi des plaques comportant m x n plaques élémentaires, m et n étant des nombres entiers quelconques (dont l'un au moins est d'au moins 2). En général, les nombres m et n ne sont pas très élevés.An exchanger structure according to the invention can be constituted by the juxtaposition of a number of plates as described above. However, it is also possible to envisage forming each plate by assembling in the same plane several elementary plates, the plates to be assembled then being provided, on their respective edges, with suitable securing devices, the assembly being carried out by mutual embedding of said plates. securing devices. Thus, one can assemble a number m of elementary plates by their edges perpendicular to the direction of the spacers and / or assemble a number n of elementary plates by their edges parallel to the direction of the spacers, thus forming plates comprising mxn elementary plates, m and n being any integers (at least one of which is at least 2). In general, the numbers m and n are not very high.

L'assemblage latéral des plaques le long de leurs bords perpendiculaires à la direction des entretoises peut être réalisé par exemple par des dispositifs tels que ceux représentés sur les Figures 7 et 8 ou par des dispositifs équivalents.The lateral assembly of the plates along their edges perpendicular to the direction of the spacers can be achieved for example by devices such as those shown in Figures 7 and 8 or by equivalent devices.

Les dispositifs d'assemblage, représentés par les Figures 7 et 8, sont basés sur le même principe qui consiste à encastrer une partie saillante ou languette 38 du bord d'une des plaques à assembler 39 dans la partie en creux ou rainure 40 correspondante ménagée dans le bord de la plaque adjacente à assembler 41. Ladite partie saillante 38 a la même épaisseur que la plaque 39 sur la Figure 7 et une épaisseur moindre sur la Figure 8.The assembly devices, represented by FIGS. 7 and 8, are based on the same principle which consists in embedding a projecting part or tongue 38 of the edge of one of the plates to be assembled 39 in the corresponding hollow or groove 40 formed in the edge of the adjacent plate to be joined 41. Said protruding part 38 has the same thickness as the plate 39 in FIG. 7 and a lesser thickness in FIG. 8.

L'assemblage latéral des plaques le long de leurs bords parallèles à la direction des entretoises peut être réalisé par exemple, comme représenté sur les Figures 9 et 9A, par encastrement d'ergots 42 émergeant de la tranche d'une plaque 43 dans des trous 44 pratiquement de même dimension pratiqués dans la tranche de la plaque adjacente à assembler, en regard desdits ergots 42.The lateral assembly of the plates along their edges parallel to the direction of the spacers can be carried out for example, as shown in Figures 9 and 9A, by embedding lugs 42 emerging from the edge of a plate 43 in holes 44 practically of the same dimension formed in the edge of the adjacent plate to be assembled, opposite said lugs 42.

Un intérêt important des structures d'échangeur selon l'invention est qu'elles offrent un grand nombre de possibilités de mise en oeuvre.An important advantage of the exchanger structures according to the invention is that they offer a large number of implementation possibilities.

Parmi les possibilités de mise en oeuvre, on peut mentionner principalement celle qui consiste à réaliser une relation d'échange entre deux fluides circulant en courants croisés, telle que représentée schématiquement par la Figure 10A.Among the possibilities of implementation, one can mainly mention that which consists in realizing an exchange relationship between two fluids circulating in crossed currents, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 10A.

Pour réaliser une telle sttructure, on utilise en général un bloc constitué par juxtaposition de plaques qui peuvent correspondre aux différents types décrits précédemment. Un mode particulier est représenté sur les Figures 11 et 11A.To make such a structure, a block is generally used which is made up of juxtaposition of plates which can correspond to the different types described above. A particular mode is shown in Figures 11 and 11A.

L'introduction du fluide devant circuler globalement dans une direction perpendiculaire aux entretoises 2 peut être effectuée à travers les ouvertures 45 de la plaque 46, ces ouvertures donnant accès aux espaces 47, la plaque 46 obturant par ailleurs les espaces destinés à la circulation du second fluide (espaces 48 de la coupe représentée sur la Figure 11 A).The introduction of the fluid which must circulate generally in a direction perpendicular to the spacers 2 can be carried out through the openings 45 of the plate 46, these openings giving access to the spaces 47, the plate 46 also closing the spaces intended for the circulation of the second fluid (spaces 48 of the section shown in Figure 11 A).

L'évacuation du fluide se fait en général par la face du bloc d'échange opposée à la face d'amenée, à travers des ouvertures analogues aux ouvertures 45, d'une plaque analogue à la plaque 46 (non représentée sur les Figures 11 et 11A), ladite plaque obturant également les espaces 48 destinés à la circulation du second fluide.The fluid is evacuated in general by the face of the exchange block opposite to the supply face, through openings similar to the openings 45, of a plate similar to the plate 46 (not shown in Figures 11 and 11A), said plate also closing off the spaces 48 intended for the circulation of the second fluid.

Quant au fluide qui doit circuler dans les espaces 48, dans une direction globalement parallèle aux entretoises 2 de la Figure 11A, il peut être introduit par les ouvertures 49 de la plaque 50, ces ouvertures donnant accès aux espaces 48, ladite plaque 50 obturant par ailleurs les espaces 47 destinés à la circulation du premier fluide.As for the fluid which must circulate in the spaces 48, in a direction generally parallel to the spacers 2 of FIG. 11A, it can be introduced through the openings 49 of the plate 50, these openings giving access to the spaces 48, said plate 50 closing by elsewhere the spaces 47 intended for the circulation of the first fluid.

L'évacuation dudit second fluide est effectuée par la face du bloc d'échange opposée à la face d'amenée, à travers des ouvertures 51 de la plaque 52, ladite plaque obturant également les espaces 47 destinés à la circulation du premier fluide.The evacuation of said second fluid is carried out by the face of the exchange block opposite to the supply face, through openings 51 of the plate 52, said plate also closing off the spaces 47 intended for the circulation of the first fluid.

Si l'on suppose que les plaques dont la juxtaposition constitue le bloc d'échange considéré sur les Figures 11 et 11 A sont situées dans des plans verticaux, les plaques d'amenée 46 et les plaques d'évacuation (non représentées) du premier fluide seront elles-mêmes situées dans des plans verticaux, orthogonaux aux précédents, les plaques d'amenée 50 et les plaques d'évacuation 52 du second fluide seront dans des plans horizontaux et le second fluide circulera de haut en bas. On peut tout aussi bien envisager que le second fluide circule de bas en haut, la plaque d'amenée étant alors la plaque inférieure 52 et la plaque d'évacuation étant alors la plaque supérieure 50.If it is assumed that the plates whose juxtaposition constitutes the exchange block considered in FIGS. 11 and 11 A are located in vertical planes, the supply plates 46 and the discharge plates (not shown) of the first fluid will themselves be located in vertical planes, orthogonal to the previous ones, the supply plates 50 and the discharge plates 52 of the second fluid will be in horizontal planes and the second fluid will flow from top to bottom. It is equally possible to envisage that the second fluid circulates from bottom to top, the supply plate then being the bottom plate 52 and the discharge plate then being the top plate 50.

Au lieu de faire circuler le second fluide dans des espaces tels que 48 (sur la Figure 11A) communiquant par les échancrures 3 ménagées dans les entretoises 2, on peut aussi le faire circuler dans des canaux séparés, en utilisant des plaques portant sur une de leurs faces des entretoises pleines, analogues aux plaques 15 de la Figure 4.Instead of circulating the second fluid in spaces such as 48 (in Figure 11A) communicating by the notches 3 formed in the spacers 2, it can also be circulated in separate channels, using plates bearing on one of their faces with solid spacers, similar to the plates 15 in FIG. 4.

Une autre possibilité de mise en oeuvre des structures d'échangeur selon l'invention est représentée schématiquement par la Figure 10B. Le bloc d'échange comprend trois zones dont on peut définir le rôle en relation avec la circulation du premier fluide (introduit latéralement), étant entendu que le second fluide circule de la même façon dans les trois zones, à savoir parallèlement à la direction des entretoises, que ce soit de bas en haut ou (comme représenté sur la figure 10B), de haut en bas. Dans la zone inférieure, qui est par exemple la zone d'amenée du premier fluide, celui-ci circule quasiment en courant croisé avec le second fluide. Dans la zone centrale, les deux fluides circulent en courants parallèles (à contre-courant si le second fluide circule de haut en bas ou en co-courants, si le second fluide circule de bas en haut) et dans la zone supérieure, qui est dans le cas considéré la zone d'évacuation du premier fluide, celui-ci circule quasiment en courant croisé avec le second fluide. Pour obtenir un fonctionnement de ce type, il suffit, dans la plaque d'amenée (respectivement d'évacuation) du second fluide, de ménager les ouvertures nécessaires à l'introduction (respectivement à la sortie) dudit fluide uniquement dans la partie inférieure (respectivement dans la partie supérieure) de la plaque considérée.Another possibility of implementing the exchanger structures according to the invention is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 10B. The exchange block includes three zones whose role can be defined in relation to the circulation of the first fluid (introduced laterally), it being understood that the second fluid circulates in the same way in the three zones, namely parallel to the direction of the spacers, either from bottom to top or (as shown in Figure 10B), from top to bottom. In the lower zone, which is for example the supply zone of the first fluid, the latter circulates almost in cross current with the second fluid. In the central zone, the two fluids circulate in parallel currents (against the current if the second fluid circulates from top to bottom or in co-currents, if the second fluid circulates from bottom to top) and in the upper zone, which is in the case considered the evacuation zone of the first fluid, it circulates almost in cross current with the second fluid. To obtain an operation of this type, it suffices, in the supply plate (respectively discharge) of the second fluid, to make the openings necessary for the introduction (respectively at the outlet) of said fluid only in the lower part ( respectively in the upper part) of the plate in question.

Le dimensionnement des structures d'échangeur de l'invention peut être très varié suivant les débits et les températures des fluides mis en relation d'échange. La longueur et la largeur des plaques peut être de plusieurs dizaines de centimètres, leur épaisseur de moins de 1 mm à quelques millimètres et la distance entre les plans médianes de plaques adjacentes peut être de quelques millimètres à quelques centimètres. Le nombre de plaques juxtaposées pour constituer le bloc d'échange peut être d'environ une dizaine à plusieurs centaines.The dimensioning of the exchanger structures of the invention can be very varied depending on the flow rates and temperatures of the fluids put into exchange relationship. The length and width of the plates can be several tens of centimeters, their thickness from less than 1 mm to a few millimeters and the distance between the median planes of adjacent plates can be from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. The number of plates juxtaposed to constitute the exchange block can be from about ten to several hundred.

La surface d'échange par unité de volume des dispositifs selon l'invention peut être élevée. Des valeurs moyennes de cette surface sont au voisinage de 150 à 200 m2 par m3.The exchange surface per unit volume of the devices according to the invention can be high. Average values of this surface are in the neighborhood of 150 to 200 m2 per m3.

Les plaques constituant les structures d'échangeur selon l'invention peuvent être réalisées en des matériaux variés, bons ou moyens conducteurs de la chaleur, suivant les températures des fluides mis en jeu dans l'échange thermique.The plates constituting the exchanger structures according to the invention can be made of various materials, good or medium heat conductors, depending on the temperatures of the fluids involved in the heat exchange.

Le matériau peut consister en un matériau thermoplastique tel que du polypropylène, éventuellement chargé, pour des températures inférieures à 100 °C, du polyfluorure de vinylidène, pour des températures allant par exemple de 100 à 140°C, ou encore un copolymère éthylène-tétrafluoréthylène chargé, pour des températures allant, par exemple, de 140 à 190°C.The material may consist of a thermoplastic material such as polypropylene, optionally charged, for temperatures below 100 ° C., polyvinylidene fluoride, for temperatures ranging for example from 100 to 140 ° C., or alternatively an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. charged, for temperatures ranging, for example, from 140 to 190 ° C.

Les plaques peuvent être également constituées de plastiques thermodurcissables, tels que, par exemple des polyesters ou des résines époxydes.The plates can also be made of thermosetting plastics, such as, for example, polyesters or epoxy resins.

Le matériau peut également consister en un métal, un alliage de métaux, du verre, du ciment ou de la céramique. Il peut encore consister en un matériau composite tel que, par exemple, une matière plastique chargée de produits pulvérents, granulaires, fi- lamentaires, tissés ou non tissés, lesdits produits ou charges pouvant consister eux-mêmes en métaux, alliages, carbone amorphe, graphite, verre, céramique ou encore sels minéraux.The material can also consist of a metal, a metal alloy, glass, cement or ceramic. It may also consist of a composite material such as, for example, a plastic material loaded with pulverulent, granular, filamentary, woven or nonwoven products, said products or fillers themselves being able to consist of metals, alloys, amorphous carbon, graphite, glass, ceramic or even mineral salts.

Suivant le matériau constitutif de l'échangeur de l'invention, sa surface massique peut se situer aux alentours de 6 à 7 dm2/kg pour de l'acier et aux alentours de 40 à 50 dm2/kg pour une matière plastique.Depending on the material constituting the exchanger of the invention, its mass surface may be around 6 to 7 dm2 / kg for steel and around 40 to 50 dm 2 / kg for a plastic material.

Les plaques peuvent être obtenues par diverses méthodes de façonnage. En particulier lorsque le matériau est un alliage léger, un matériau thermoplastique ou un matériau thermodurcissable, on peut les réaliser par moulage (notamment moulage par injection).The plates can be obtained by various shaping methods. In particular when the material is a light alloy, a thermoplastic material or a thermosetting material, they can be produced by molding (in particular injection molding).

Les dispositifs d'échange de chaleur selon l'invention sont en outre munis de conduits d'amenée et d'évacuation pour chacun des fluides participant à l'échange, ces conduits étant raccordés à la structure d'échange proprement dite par des moyens classiques qui ne seront pas décrits plus en détail. Ils peuvent être utilisés pour des échanges thermiques entre gaz, en particulier pour la récupération de chaleur sur des fumées (de chaudières, de fours, etc.), la chaleur récupérée pouvant servir notamment à réchauffer de l'air (par exemple préchauffage de l'air de combustion de la chaudière ou du four).The heat exchange devices according to the invention are furthermore provided with supply and evacuation conduits for each of the fluids participating in the exchange, these conduits being connected to the exchange structure proper by conventional means. which will not be described in more detail. They can be used for heat exchanges between gases, in particular for heat recovery from flue gases (from boilers, ovens, etc.), the heat recovered can be used in particular to heat air (for example preheating the combustion air from the boiler or oven).

Claims (14)

1. A device for the exchange of heat between a relatively hot fluid and a relatively cold fluid comprising an exchange zone and intake and discharge means for each of said fluids, wherein said exchange zone comprises at least one block formed by juxtaposition of a plurality of rectangular plates parallel with one another, each plate being provided on at least one of its faces with continuous or crenellated spacers, parallel to one another, on the same plate and from one plate to another, said plates being formed and disposed so that, for any two adjacent plates, at least one of the opposed faces is provided with spacers, said plates, juxtaposed so as to define spaces for flow of said fluids being formed and disposed so that, for at least one flow space out of two, the spacers carried by at least one of the opposed faces of the two adjacent plates defining said space are crenellated spacers, said device being characterized in that said spacers are integral with the plates which carry them, in that, for any two adjacent plates at least a part of said spacers being, over at least a part of their length, in contact with the opposed face of the adjacent plate or with at least a part of the spacers present on said opposed face, over at least a part of their length, and in that said exchange zone comprises end plates disposed perpendicularly to the plates forming the exchange block, and perpendicularly to the direction of the spacers, these plates being provided with openings for the intake or discharge of the first fluid into or out of one flow space out of two, and end plates (46) disposed perpendicularly to the plates forming the exchange block (5) and parallel to the direction of the spacers (2), these plates being provided with openings (45) for the intake or discharge of a second fluid into (or out of) the other flow spaces (47), the intake and discharge means for the first fluid being connected to said exchange zone so that the circulation of said fluid is conducted, through the corresponding flow spaces, along a direction parallel to the continuous or crenellated spacers comprised in said spaces, and the intake and discharge means for the second fluid being connected to said exchange zone so that the circulation of said fluid is conducted, through the corresponding flow spaces, along a direction perpendicular, as a whole, to the crenellated spacers comprised in said spaces, across the crenels thereof.
2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that all plates 1 have crenellated spacers 2 on each of their faces and in that, between the face of one plate 1 and the opposed face of the adjacent plate 1, said crenellated spacers 2 are facing each other and their crenels 3 and their projecting parts 4 correspond respectively.
3. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates 11 have crenellated spacers 12 on only one of their faces.
4. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates 15 have crenellated spacers 16 on one of their faces and continuous spacers 17 on the other face, and in that, between a face of a plate 15 having continuous spacers 17 and the opposed face of the adjacent plate 15, also having continuous spacers 17, said spacers 17 are facing each other and, between the face of a plate 15 having crenellated spacers 16 and the opposed face of the adjacent plate 15 also having crenellated spacers 16, said crenellated spacers 16 are facing each other and their crenels 18 and their projecting parts 19 correspond respectively.
5. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates have spacers on only one of their faces, plates having continuous spacers alternating with plates having crenellated spacers.
6. A device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each plate 22 comprises on each of its faces a plurality of male 20 or female 21 positioning elements in correspondence with complementary elements, female 21 or male 20, situated at the corresponding positions on the opposed faces of the adjacent plates 22.
7. A device according to claim 6, characterized in that at least a part of said positioning elements 20 and 21 are integral with the spacers.
8. A device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least a part of the plates forming the exchange block are formed of a number, m x n of elementary plates, m and n being two whole numbers, one at least of which is at least 2, said elementary plates being assembled together in the same plane by their edges perpendicular to the direction of the spacers and/or by their edges parallel to the direction of the spacers.
9. A device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the juxtaposed plates 22 forming the exchange block are held clamped between two flanges by tie-rods 35 formed of rods threaded at their ends passing through the assembly of the plates through openings 34 provided with sleeves 36 distributed over the whole surface of said plates.
10. A device according to one of claims 9, characterized in that the openings 34 for passing the tie-rods 35 therethrough are formed in said positioning element 20 and 21.
11. A device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the plates are formed by molding of a material chosen from light metal alloys, thermoplastic materials and thermosetting materials.
12. A heat exchange method characterized in that a relatively hot fluid and a relatively cold fluid are circulated as coss-currents in a device according to one of claims 1 to 11.
13. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that said fluids are gases.
14. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that said relatively hot fluid consists of boiler or furnace smoke and said relatively cold fluid is air.
EP86400829A 1985-04-23 1986-04-17 Device for heat exchange, especially for use in gas heat exchanges Expired EP0202981B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR8506297A FR2580794B1 (en) 1985-04-23 1985-04-23 THERMAL EXCHANGE DEVICE, ESPECIALLY FOR GAS EXCHANGES
FR8506297 1985-04-23

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EP0202981A1 EP0202981A1 (en) 1986-11-26
EP0202981B1 true EP0202981B1 (en) 1989-03-01

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EP (1) EP0202981B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS61246597A (en)
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JPS54163357U (en) * 1978-05-09 1979-11-15
US4362209A (en) * 1978-09-01 1982-12-07 Gte Products Corporation Ceramic heat recuperative structure and assembly
JPS5612996A (en) * 1979-07-12 1981-02-07 Matsushita Seiko Co Ltd Heat exchanger
US4749032A (en) * 1979-10-01 1988-06-07 Rockwell International Corporation Internally manifolded unibody plate for a plate/fin-type heat exchanger
US4401155A (en) * 1981-02-13 1983-08-30 Union Carbide Corporation Heat exchanger with extruded flow channels
JPS58205094A (en) * 1982-05-26 1983-11-29 Hitachi Ltd Heat exchange element
DE3279938D1 (en) * 1982-06-24 1989-10-19 Rockwell International Corp A heat exchanger
SU1092331A1 (en) * 1983-03-21 1984-05-15 Научно-производственное объединение по тракторостроению Air cooling device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4898233A (en) 1990-02-06
CN86102864A (en) 1986-10-29
KR940010979B1 (en) 1994-11-21
JPS61246597A (en) 1986-11-01
DE3662219D1 (en) 1989-04-06
FR2580794A1 (en) 1986-10-24
KR860008431A (en) 1986-11-15
JPH0565792B2 (en) 1993-09-20
EP0202981A1 (en) 1986-11-26
FR2580794B1 (en) 1989-05-19
US4771826A (en) 1988-09-20

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