EP0201069B1 - Process for continuously casting metallic products - Google Patents

Process for continuously casting metallic products Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0201069B1
EP0201069B1 EP86106102A EP86106102A EP0201069B1 EP 0201069 B1 EP0201069 B1 EP 0201069B1 EP 86106102 A EP86106102 A EP 86106102A EP 86106102 A EP86106102 A EP 86106102A EP 0201069 B1 EP0201069 B1 EP 0201069B1
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Prior art keywords
casting
cooling surface
wetting
crust
mold
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0201069A1 (en
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Erik A. Olsson
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0637Accessories therefor
    • B22D11/064Accessories therefor for supplying molten metal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/114Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
    • B22D11/115Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means by using magnetic fields

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for avoiding the formation of cracks during the continuous casting of metallic products, wherein the melt solidifies on a cooling surface and the wetting limit between the melt and the cooling surface is given a configuration which deviates from the direction perpendicular to the casting direction, and a device for carrying it out of the procedure.
  • a large part of the defects occurring on the surfaces of continuously cast products consist of cracks in the primarily solidifying crust, the cause of which is to be found in a hindrance to the natural shrinkage during cooling.
  • Co-determining factors are too much friction between the crust and the forming wall, as well as the static pressure of the metal acting on the crust, as is typical when casting in both open and closed molds.
  • the crust can tear open in all directions in which the shrinkage is impeded, unless the ductility of the material at the correspondingly high temperatures would be sufficient to prevent such cracks from occurring. In most cases, however, this is not to be expected.
  • a crack formation in the crust along the casting direction of the strand due to the constantly increasing static pressure inside is attempted more or less successfully by using slightly conical molds.
  • the different metals and metal alloys have different shrink masses and the shrinkage can vary considerably depending on the casting temperature and casting speed, it is almost impossible to determine the optimal taper of the mold.
  • a strand with too little shrinkage compared to the taper of the mold would get stuck in it and, in the worst case, even tear off.
  • the friction between the crust and the shaping walls plays a major role. Because of its flexibility, the crust can bulge under the influence of static pressure and thus usually maintain contact with the mold over its entire length, but this is precisely why the friction, which opposes natural shrinkage, increases.
  • crusts in strands of round, oval or polygonal cross-section with large corner radii are forced to stretch to find contact with the mold. This in turn leads to longitudinal cracks.
  • a possible weak point is adequately secured in most cases by the co-moving cooling surface, which accompanies the layer until it has completely solidified, so that an actual breakdown of the melt hardly occurs here. Nevertheless, surface defects in the manner of cracks lead to rejects because there is no reason to remove the defects by chiselling and grinding for obvious reasons.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid the formation of surface defects in the manner of cracks, or scars of cracks refilled with melt, and to further increase the operational safety of such systems and their productivity in the continuous casting of metallic products.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the wetting limit is given a zigzag or wave shape.
  • the mold 1 mainly consists of a copper tube 2 with the cooling surface 3 and a water jacket 4 surrounding it.
  • the pouring level is 5, the wetting limit of the cooling surface 3 by the metal is 6, which is synonymous with the beginning of the solidification front 7.
  • the melt 9 fed through a pouring pipe 8 to the mold solidifies in contact with the cooling surface 3. Where there is no such contact, the formation of a crust 10 is at least delayed.
  • An electrical conductor 11 which is guided around the mold 1 in a suitable manner generates an alternating electromagnetic field which keeps the melt 9 away from the cooling surface 3 in predetermined areas.
  • 3 and 4 show a device with a circumferential cooling surface 20 in the form of a belt 22 driven and guided by a pair of rollers 21 a, 21 b to produce a very thin layer 23.
  • the melt 24 solidifies practically immediately when the cooling surface is touched to a thin product. This process implies a momentary shrinkage of the layer 23, the forces of which, in view of the friction between the layer and the cooling surface 20, normally lead to longitudinal cracks.
  • the exemplary embodiment furthermore shows a funnel 25 which serves for feeding and for uniformly distributing the melt 24 over the width of the belt 22, the walls 26, 27, 28 of which ensure the limitation of the wetting of the cooling surface 20.
  • the wetting limit 29 identical to the wall facing away from the pouring direction, is preferably arranged obliquely to the perpendicular of the pouring direction. This alone can completely rule out the risk of longitudinal cracks in most cases because the shrinkage of the nascent layer is at an angle to Wetting limit 29 runs.
  • the wetting limit can have a shape along the line 30, the same or similar to that illustrated in FIGS. 6a, 6b.
  • the funnel 31 has arrow-shaped walls 32, 33, 34, 35 to limit the wetting of the cooling surface 36 by the melt 37. It is clearly evident from this that the shrinkability of the material is significantly improved if the wetting limit is longer than the width of the layer measured perpendicular to the casting direction.
  • an electrical conductor 38 for generating an alternating electromagnetic field can also be arranged in a suitable manner here.
  • Means for regulating the current strength and / or frequency are provided to control the repulsive force.
  • the electrical conductor 38 can also be arranged so as to be adjustable with respect to the melt and the cooling surface.
  • wetting limits 40, 41 which are expedient both in the casting of thin layers and in the conventional casting in open continuous molds to avoid longitudinal cracks. It is irrelevant whether the wetting limit is caused by appropriately shaped electrical conductors (11 in FIGS. 1 and 2, 38 in FIGS. 3 to 5) or by the contour of the walls themselves (29, 30 in FIGS. 4, 34 in FIG. 5) is determined. Both means are equally suitable for influencing the wetting of the cooling surface by the metal in the sense of the invention.
  • the cooling surface 42 is to be understood as a flat surface or as a development of the cooling surface of a polygonal or round continuous mold. However, it is only important when casting on a circumferential cooling surface that the walls 43, 44 facing the casting direction are equipped as negatives to the opposite wall. This ensures that the solidification distances s, s i and thus the solidification times of each length section remain the same and that a layer of the same thickness is created.
  • the solidification paths s, si can have an extent of only a few millimeters, especially when very thin layers with extremely short solidification times are cast, for example when producing a material with an amorphous structure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)

Abstract

1. Process for avoiding crack formation in continuous casting of metallic products, wherein the molten metal (9, 24, 37) is brought to solidification against a cooling surface (3, 20, 36, 42) and the wetting boundary (6, 29, 40, 41) between the molten metal and the cooling surface has imparted to it a configuration deviating from the direction perpendicular to the casting direction, characterised in that the wetting boundary (6, 29, 40, 41) has a zig-zag or wavy shape imparted to it.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Vermeidung der Rissbildung beim kontinuierlichen Giessen metallischer Produkte, wobei die Schmelze auf einer Kühlfläche zur Erstarrung gebracht und der Benetzungsgrenze zwischen der Schmelze und der Kühlfläche eine von der Richtung senkrecht zur Giessrichtung abweichende Konfiguration vermittelt wird, und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for avoiding the formation of cracks during the continuous casting of metallic products, wherein the melt solidifies on a cooling surface and the wetting limit between the melt and the cooling surface is given a configuration which deviates from the direction perpendicular to the casting direction, and a device for carrying it out of the procedure.

Ein grosser Teil der auf Oberflächen kontinuierlich gegossener Produkte auftretenden Fehler besteht aus Rissen in der primär erstarrenden Kruste, deren Ursache in einer Behinderung der natürlichen Schrumpfung bei der Abkühlung zu suchen ist. Mitbestimmende Faktoren sind dabei eine zu hohe Reibung zwischen der Kruste und der formgebenden Wand, sowie der auf die Kruste wirkende statische Druck des Metalls, wie es typisch ist beim Giessen sowohl in offene, als auch in geschlossene Formen. Ein Aufreissen der Kruste kann in allen Richtungen stattfinden, in denen die Schrumpfung behindert ist, es sei denn, dass die Dehnbarkeit des Materials bei den entsprechend hohen Temperaturen genügend wäre, um solche Risse gar nicht entstehen zu lassen. Dies ist aber in den meisten Fällen nicht zu erwarten.A large part of the defects occurring on the surfaces of continuously cast products consist of cracks in the primarily solidifying crust, the cause of which is to be found in a hindrance to the natural shrinkage during cooling. Co-determining factors are too much friction between the crust and the forming wall, as well as the static pressure of the metal acting on the crust, as is typical when casting in both open and closed molds. The crust can tear open in all directions in which the shrinkage is impeded, unless the ductility of the material at the correspondingly high temperatures would be sufficient to prevent such cracks from occurring. In most cases, however, this is not to be expected.

Beim konventionellen Stranggiessen mit offenen Durchlaufkokillen ist die Gefahr des Auftretens von quer zur Giessrichtung verlaufenden Rissen in der Kruste verhältnismässig gering, weil vorbeugende Massnahmen getroffen werden können. Dazu gehören die Anwendung eines geeigneten Gleitmittels auf der formgebenden Wand in Kombination mit einer Hin- und Herbewegung der Kokille oder einem schrittweisen Ausziehen des Stranges aus der stationären Kokille. Eine besondere Art der Kokillenbewegung besteht darin, dass ihr in Giessrichtung ein Vorlauf gegenüber dem Strangabzug vermittelt wird. Dadurch können bereits entstandene Querrisse geheilt werden. Die gleiche Wirkung hat eine jeweilige, kleine Rückwärtsbewegung des Stranges zwischen zwei schrittweisen Ausziehbewegungen im Falle der stationären Kokille.In conventional continuous casting with open continuous molds, the risk of cracks occurring in the crust running transversely to the direction of casting is relatively low because preventive measures can be taken. This includes the use of a suitable lubricant on the shaping wall in combination with a back and forth movement of the mold or a gradual pulling out of the strand from the stationary mold. A special type of mold movement is that it is conveyed in advance in the casting direction compared to the strand withdrawal. This can heal transverse cracks that have already occurred. The same effect is achieved by a small, backward movement of the strand between two gradual pull-out movements in the case of the stationary mold.

Einer Rissbildung in der Kruste längs zur Giessrichtung des Stranges infolge des ständig zunehmenden statischen Druckes in dessen Inneren versucht man mit mehr oder weniger Erfolg durch die Verwendung von leicht konischen Kokillen beizukommen. Da aber die verschiedenen Metalle und Metallegierungen unterschiedliche Schrumpfmasse haben und ausserdem die Schrumpfung je nach Giesstemperatur und Giessgeschwindigkeit sehr unterschiedlich sein kann, ist es nahezu unmöglich, die optimale Konizität der Kokille zu bestimmen. Ein Strang mit zu geringem Schrumpfmass im Vergleich zur Konizität der Kokille würde in dieser stecken bleiben und im schlimmsten Fall sogar abreissen. Beim Stranggiessen von Brammen mit grossen Breitseiten beispielsweise spielt die Reibung zwischen der Kruste und den formgebenden Wänden eine übergeordnete Rolle. Die Kruste kann sich unter der Einwirkung des statischen Druckes wegen ihrer Flexibilität zwar ausbauchen und dadurch den Kontakt mit der Kokille meistens über deren ganzen Länge erhalten, aber gerade deswegen steigt die Reibung, welche der natürlichen Schrumpfung entgegensteht, an. Im Gegensatz dazu sind Krusten bei Strängen von rundem, ovalem oder solchen mit polygonalem Querschnitt mit grossen Eckenradien, gezwungen, sich zu dehnen, um den Kontakt mit der Kokille zu finden. Dies führt wiederum zur Entstehung von Längsrissen.A crack formation in the crust along the casting direction of the strand due to the constantly increasing static pressure inside is attempted more or less successfully by using slightly conical molds. However, since the different metals and metal alloys have different shrink masses and the shrinkage can vary considerably depending on the casting temperature and casting speed, it is almost impossible to determine the optimal taper of the mold. A strand with too little shrinkage compared to the taper of the mold would get stuck in it and, in the worst case, even tear off. For example, when continuously casting slabs with large broad sides, the friction between the crust and the shaping walls plays a major role. Because of its flexibility, the crust can bulge under the influence of static pressure and thus usually maintain contact with the mold over its entire length, but this is precisely why the friction, which opposes natural shrinkage, increases. In contrast, crusts in strands of round, oval or polygonal cross-section with large corner radii are forced to stretch to find contact with the mold. This in turn leads to longitudinal cracks.

Bei einem Aufreissen der Kruste, solange sich diese innerhalb der Kokille befindet, wird der Riss oft wieder mit nachfliessender Schmelze gefüllt, die unter Umständen bis zur Kokillenwand vordringen kann und dort erstarrt. Dieser Vorgang hinterlässt aber eine Narbe an der Strangoberfläche, welche mittels geeigneter Massnahmen, z.B. Schleifen, Meisseln etc. entfernt werden muss. Am häufigsten bleibt aber der Riss offen, was je nach dessen Tiefe und Ausbreitung mit den genannten Massnahmen nicht immer korrigierbar ist. Der betreffende Strangabschnitt muss dann verschrottet werden. Ein Riss in der Kruste, ob geheilt oder offen, bedeutet aber immer eine Schwachstelle. Wenn diese aus der Kokille austritt und demzufolge eine äussere Abstützung fehlt, passiert sehr oft ein Durchbruch von Schmelze durch diese Schwachstelle, mit einem Abbruch des Giessens und kostspieligen Instandsetzungsarbeiten als Folgen davon.If the crust is torn open as long as it is inside the mold, the crack is often filled with flowing melt again, which under certain circumstances can reach the mold wall and solidify there. However, this process leaves a scar on the surface of the strand, which can be taken by means of suitable measures, e.g. Grinding, chiseling etc. must be removed. Most often, however, the crack remains open, which, depending on its depth and spread, cannot always be corrected with the measures mentioned. The section in question must then be scrapped. A crack in the crust, whether healed or open, always means a weak point. If this emerges from the mold and consequently there is no external support, a melt breakthrough very often occurs through this weak point, with the termination of the casting and costly repair work as a result.

Beim Giessen von dünnen Schichten auf umlaufenden, gekühlten Walzen und Bändern oder dergleichen, wie es aus dem Stande der Technik in ausreichendem Masse bekannt ist, bestehen bezüglich Oberflächenfehler gleichbedeutende Probleme wie beim voranstehend erwähnten konventionellen Stranggiessen. Der statische Druck des Metalls auf die erstarrende Kruste ist hier zwar meistens von untergeordneter Bedeutung. Umsomehr spielt die geforderte Breitenausdehnung an dünne Schichten eine dominierende Rolle. Der Absolute Wert der Schrumpfung (Schrumpfmass) hängt selbstverständlich davon ab, wie breit das gegossene Produkt sein soll. Dennoch, und gerade weil das Einbringen eines Gleitmittels zwischen erstarrender Kruste und der Kühlfläche zwar nicht ausgeschlossen werden kann, aber technisch sehr aufwendig ist, besteht hier keine Gewähr für eine freie Schrumpfung der Schicht quer zur Giessrichtung. Eine allfällige Schwachstelle ist durch die mitwandemde Kühlfläche, welche die Schicht bis zu deren vollständigen Erstarrung begleitet, zwar in den meisten Fällen ausreichend abgesichert, so dass ein eigentliches Durchbrechen von Schmelze hier kaum auftritt. Trotzdem führen Oberflächenfehler in der Art von Rissen zu Ausschussmaterial, weil an eine Beseitigung der Fehler mittels Meisseln und Schleifen aus einleuchtenden Gründen nicht zu denken ist.When casting thin layers on circulating, cooled rolls and belts or the like, as is known to a sufficient extent from the prior art, there are problems with respect to surface defects which are equivalent to those in the conventional continuous casting mentioned above. The static pressure of the metal on the solidifying crust is mostly of minor importance here. All the more, the required width expansion on thin layers plays a dominant role. The absolute value of the shrinkage (shrinkage) naturally depends on how wide the cast product should be. Nevertheless, and precisely because the introduction of a lubricant between the solidifying crust and the cooling surface cannot be ruled out, but is technically very complex, there is no guarantee of free shrinkage of the layer transversely to the casting direction. A possible weak point is adequately secured in most cases by the co-moving cooling surface, which accompanies the layer until it has completely solidified, so that an actual breakdown of the melt hardly occurs here. Nevertheless, surface defects in the manner of cracks lead to rejects because there is no reason to remove the defects by chiselling and grinding for obvious reasons.

Aus FR-A 2 391 014 ist ein Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Giessen metallischer Produkte bekannt, bei welchem die Schmelze in einer viereckigen Kokille durch elektromagnetische Kräfte in Rotation versetzt wird, wodurch die Benetzungsgrenze zwischen der Schmelze und der Kühlfläche von der Richtung senkrecht zur Giessrichtung abweicht. Damit kann ein schlackenfreies Gefüge erreicht werden. Die Entstehung von Rissen kann jedoch wegen der geringfügigen Abweichungen der Begrenzungslinie von der Richtung senkrecht zur Giessrichtung nicht verhindert werden.From FR-A 2 391 014 a process for the continuous casting of metallic products is known, in which the melt in a square mold is set in rotation by electromagnetic forces, whereby the wetting limit between the melt and the cooling surface deviates from the direction perpendicular to the casting direction. This enables a slag-free structure to be achieved will. However, the formation of cracks cannot be prevented due to the slight deviations of the boundary line from the direction perpendicular to the casting direction.

Allen bekannten, kontinuierlichen Giessverfahren, ob konventioneller Art mittels Durchlaufkokillen oder durch Giessen von dünnen Schichten auf umlaufende Kühlflächen haben die Eigenschaft, dass die Benetzung der Kühlfläche durch das Metall dort eine natürliche, von der Schwerkraft bestimmte Begrenzungslinie quer zur Giessrichtung aufweist, wo mechanische Begrenzungselemente fehlen. Dabei ist die Begrenzungslinie identisch mit dem Beginn der sich in Giessrichtung erstreckenden Erstarrungsfront. Insbesondere beim Giessen in Durchlaufkokillen kann die Kühlwirkung der einzelnen Kühlflächen - auch wenn die Begrenzungslinie optimal verläuft - sehr unterschiedlich sein, sobald die Anliegeverhältnisse der Kruste an den Kühlflächen nicht gleichmässig sind. Es wird in diesem Zusammenhang speziell auf horizontale oder schrägliegende, sowie auf vertikale Kokillen, bei denen die Fluchtung der Kühlflächen zum Kaliber der nachfolgenden Stützrollen nicht stimmt, hingewiesen. In Kenntnis dieser Zusammenhänge wird beim Betrieb bestehender und bei der Konstruktion neuer Anlagen jedes Risiko, fehlerhaftes Material zu produzieren, dadurch umgangen, dass deren inhärente Kapazität nicht voll ausgenützt wird.All known, continuous casting processes, whether conventional by means of continuous molds or by pouring thin layers onto circumferential cooling surfaces, have the property that the wetting of the cooling surface by the metal has a natural boundary line, determined by gravity, transverse to the casting direction, where mechanical limiting elements are missing . The boundary line is identical to the beginning of the solidification front extending in the casting direction. In particular when casting in continuous molds, the cooling effect of the individual cooling surfaces - even if the boundary line runs optimally - can be very different as soon as the contact conditions of the crust on the cooling surfaces are not uniform. In this context, particular reference is made to horizontal or inclined molds, as well as to vertical molds, in which the alignment of the cooling surfaces with the caliber of the subsequent support rollers is incorrect. Knowing these relationships, the risk of producing faulty material is avoided when operating existing plants and when designing new plants by not fully utilizing their inherent capacity.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, beim kontinuierlichen Giessen metallischer Produkte die Entstehung von Oberflächenfehlern in der Art von Rissen, oder Narben von mit Schmelze wiederaufgefüllten Rissen, zu vermeiden, und darüberhinaus die Betriebssicherheit solcher Anlagen und deren Produktivität zu erhöhen.The invention has for its object to avoid the formation of surface defects in the manner of cracks, or scars of cracks refilled with melt, and to further increase the operational safety of such systems and their productivity in the continuous casting of metallic products.

Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass der Benetzungsgrenze eine Zick-Zack- oder Wellenform vermittelt wird.The method according to the invention is characterized in that the wetting limit is given a zigzag or wave shape.

Dadurch wird erreicht, dass die bei der Erstarrung entstehenden Spannungen in der Kruste nun nicht mehr eine ausgeprägte, quer zur Giessrichtung verlaufende Richtung haben, was normalerweise zu Längsrissen führt. Der Schrumpfungsvorgang spielt sich vielmehr auf einer wesentlich längeren als der der Senkrechten zur Giessrichtung entsprechenden Strecke ab, so dass eine Dehnung der Kruste über das zulässige Mass hinaus vermieden wird.It is thereby achieved that the tensions in the crust which occur during solidification no longer have a pronounced direction which runs transversely to the casting direction, which normally leads to longitudinal cracks. Rather, the shrinking process takes place over a considerably longer distance than that corresponding to the perpendicular to the casting direction, so that stretching of the crust beyond the permissible extent is avoided.

Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren ist nachfolgend anhand von mehreren in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen von Vorrichtungen zu dessen Durchführung erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1, ein Längsschnitt durch eine Durchlaufkokille nach einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel.
  • Fig. 2, die Durchlaufkokille nach Fig. 1 im Schnitt entlang der Linie 11-11.
  • Fig. 3, ein Längsschnitt durch eine Vorrichtung mit umlaufender Kühlfläche nach einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel.
  • Fig. 4, die Vorrichtung nach Fig. 3 in Draufsicht.
  • Fig. 5, eine Draufsicht einer Vorrichtung ähnlich Fig. 4 als weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel.
  • Fig. 6a+b, bevorzugte Formen der Benetzungsgrenze
The method according to the invention is explained below with reference to several exemplary embodiments of devices for carrying it out, which are shown schematically in the drawing. Show it:
  • Fig. 1, a longitudinal section through a continuous mold according to a first embodiment.
  • Fig. 2, the continuous mold according to Fig. 1 in section along the line 11-11.
  • Fig. 3, a longitudinal section through a device with a circumferential cooling surface according to a second embodiment.
  • Fig. 4, the device of FIG. 3 in plan view.
  • Fig. 5, a plan view of a device similar to FIG. 4 as a further embodiment.
  • 6a + b, preferred forms of the wetting limit

Mit der in Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Vorrichtung wird in einer konventionellen, offenen Durchlaufkokille ein Strang von kreisrundem Querschnitt erzeugt. Die Kokille 1 besteht zur Hauptsache aus einem Kupferrohr 2 mit der Kühlfläche 3 und einem dieses umschliessenden Wassermantel 4. Der Giessspiegel ist mit 5, die Benetzungsgrenze der Kühlfläche 3 durch das Metall mit 6, was gleichbedeutend ist mit dem Beginn der Erstarrungsfront 7, bezeichnet. Die durch ein Giessrohr 8 der Kokille zugeführte Schmelze 9 erstarrt im Kontakt mit der Kühlfläche 3. Wo kein solcher Kontakt vorhanden ist, wird die Bildung einer Kruste 10 zumindest verzögert. Ein in geeigneter Weise um die Kokille 1 herumgeführter elektrischer Leiter 11 erzeugt ein elektromagnetisches Wechselfeld, welches die Schmelze 9 in vorbestimmten Bereichen von der Kühlfläche 3 fernhält. Da die Abstosskraft des Magnetfeldes - in Richtung der Pfeile 12 wirkend - einigermassen konstant ist, der statische Druck der Schmelze mit dem Abstand h vom Giessspiegel aber zunimmt, nähern sich die durch die Linien 13 dargestellten Schmelzenfronten sukzessive der Kühlfläche 3, bis zur eigentlichen Berührung. Der Beginn der Krustenbildung erfolgt also nicht wie bis anhin auf einer senkrecht zur Giessrichtung verlaufenden Ebene, sondern entlang einer abweichenden, gesteuerten Benetzungsgrenze 6, deren höchste und tiefste Punkte innerhalb einer, dem Abstand h etwa entsprechenden Breite liegen. Die Kruste erhält dadurch in den frühzeitig erstarrten Bereichen eine ausreichende Festigkeit und in den später erstarrten Bereichen eine plastische Verformbarkeit, die das Risiko für die Entstehung von Rissen parallel zur Giessrichtung praktisch ausschliessen. Ausserdem wird die Totalzeit des Kontaktes der Kruste mit der Kühlfläche verlängert, was ein schnelleres Wachstum der Krustendicke zur Folge hat und damit höhere Giessleistungen erlaubt.With the device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a strand of circular cross-section is produced in a conventional, open continuous mold. The mold 1 mainly consists of a copper tube 2 with the cooling surface 3 and a water jacket 4 surrounding it. The pouring level is 5, the wetting limit of the cooling surface 3 by the metal is 6, which is synonymous with the beginning of the solidification front 7. The melt 9 fed through a pouring pipe 8 to the mold solidifies in contact with the cooling surface 3. Where there is no such contact, the formation of a crust 10 is at least delayed. An electrical conductor 11 which is guided around the mold 1 in a suitable manner generates an alternating electromagnetic field which keeps the melt 9 away from the cooling surface 3 in predetermined areas. Since the repulsive force of the magnetic field - acting in the direction of the arrows 12 - is reasonably constant, but the static pressure of the melt increases with the distance h from the pouring level, the melt fronts represented by the lines 13 gradually approach the cooling surface 3 until the actual contact. The beginning of the crust formation does not take place, as previously, on a plane running perpendicular to the pouring direction, but along a different, controlled wetting limit 6, the highest and lowest points of which lie within a width approximately corresponding to the distance h. This gives the crust sufficient strength in the early solidified areas and plastic deformability in the later solidified areas, which practically exclude the risk of cracks occurring parallel to the direction of casting. In addition, the total time of contact of the crust with the cooling surface is extended, which results in a faster growth of the crust thickness and thus allows higher casting performance.

Die Fig. 3 und 4 zeigen eine Vorrichtung mit einer umlaufenden Kühlfläche 20 in Form eines, von einem Walzenpaar 21 a, 21 b angetriebenen und geführten Bandes 22 zur Herstellung einer sehr dünnen Schicht 23. Die Schmelze 24 erstarrt praktisch sofort bei der Berührung der Kühlfläche zu einem Produkt geringer Dicke. Dieser Vorgang impliziert eine momentane Schrumpfung der Schicht 23, deren Kräfte in Anbetracht der Reibung zwischen der Schicht und der Kühlfläche 20 normalerweise zu Längsrissen führt. Das Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt des weiteren einen Trichter 25, der zur Zuführung und zur gleichmässigen Verteilung der Schmelze 24 über die Breite des Bandes 22 dient, wobei dessen Wände 26, 27, 28, die Begrenzung der Benetzung der Kühlfläche 20 gewährleisten. Die Benetzungsgrenze 29, identisch mit der der Giessrichtung abgekehrten Wand, ist vorzugsweise schräg zur Senkrechten der Giessrichtung angeordnet. Allein dadurch kann das Risiko der Entstehung von Längsrissen in den meisten Fällen völlig ausgeschlossen werden, weil die Schrumpfung der in Entstehung begriffenen Schicht in einem Winkel zur Benetzungsgrenze 29 verläuft. Selbstverständlich kann die Benetzungsgrenze eine Form nach der Linie 30 haben, gleich oder ähnlich wie in den Fig. 6a, 6b verdeutlicht.3 and 4 show a device with a circumferential cooling surface 20 in the form of a belt 22 driven and guided by a pair of rollers 21 a, 21 b to produce a very thin layer 23. The melt 24 solidifies practically immediately when the cooling surface is touched to a thin product. This process implies a momentary shrinkage of the layer 23, the forces of which, in view of the friction between the layer and the cooling surface 20, normally lead to longitudinal cracks. The exemplary embodiment furthermore shows a funnel 25 which serves for feeding and for uniformly distributing the melt 24 over the width of the belt 22, the walls 26, 27, 28 of which ensure the limitation of the wetting of the cooling surface 20. The wetting limit 29, identical to the wall facing away from the pouring direction, is preferably arranged obliquely to the perpendicular of the pouring direction. This alone can completely rule out the risk of longitudinal cracks in most cases because the shrinkage of the nascent layer is at an angle to Wetting limit 29 runs. Of course, the wetting limit can have a shape along the line 30, the same or similar to that illustrated in FIGS. 6a, 6b.

In Anlehnung an das voranstehend beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel wird gemäss Fig. 5 eine Anordnung vorgeschlagen, bei welcher der Trichter 31 pfeilförmig gestaltete Wände 32, 33, 34, 35 zur Begrenzung der Benetzung der Kühlfläche 36 durch die Schmelze 37 aufweist. Es wird daraus klar ersichtlich, dass die Schrumpffähigkeit des Materials wesentlich verbessert wird, wenn die Benetzungsgrenze länger ist als die senkrecht zur Giessrichtung gemessene Breite der Schicht.5, an arrangement is proposed in which the funnel 31 has arrow-shaped walls 32, 33, 34, 35 to limit the wetting of the cooling surface 36 by the melt 37. It is clearly evident from this that the shrinkability of the material is significantly improved if the wetting limit is longer than the width of the layer measured perpendicular to the casting direction.

Zur Bestimmung der Benetzungsgrenze kann, analog zum Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 und 2, auch hier ein elektrischer Leiter 38 zur Erzeugung eines elektromagnetischen Wechselfeldes in geeigneter Weise angeordnet werden. Zur Steuerung der Abstosskraft sind Mittel zur Regulierung von Stromstärke und/oder Frequenz vorgesehen. Ebenso kann der elektrische Leiter 38, zur Erreichung des gleichen Ziels, in bezug auf die Schmelze und die Kühlfläche einstellbar angeordnet sein.To determine the wetting limit, analogous to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, an electrical conductor 38 for generating an alternating electromagnetic field can also be arranged in a suitable manner here. Means for regulating the current strength and / or frequency are provided to control the repulsive force. In order to achieve the same goal, the electrical conductor 38 can also be arranged so as to be adjustable with respect to the melt and the cooling surface.

Die Fig. 6a und 6b schliesslich zeigen weitere, bevorzugte Benetzungsgrenzen 40, 41, die sowohl beim Giessen von dünnen Schichten als auch beim konventionellen Giessen in offene Durchlaufkokillen zur Vermeidung von Längsrissen zweckmässig sind. Es ist dabei unerheblich, ob die Benetzungsgrenze durch entsprechend geformte elektrische Leiter (11 in Fig. 1 und 2, 38 in Fig. 3 bis 5) oder durch die Kontur der Wände selbst (29, 30 in Fig. 4, 34 in Fig. 5) bestimmt wird. Beide Mittel sind in gleicher Weise tauglich, die Benetzung der Kühlfläche durch das Metall im Sinne der Erfindung zu beeinflussen.6a and 6b finally show further preferred wetting limits 40, 41 which are expedient both in the casting of thin layers and in the conventional casting in open continuous molds to avoid longitudinal cracks. It is irrelevant whether the wetting limit is caused by appropriately shaped electrical conductors (11 in FIGS. 1 and 2, 38 in FIGS. 3 to 5) or by the contour of the walls themselves (29, 30 in FIGS. 4, 34 in FIG. 5) is determined. Both means are equally suitable for influencing the wetting of the cooling surface by the metal in the sense of the invention.

Die Kühlfläche 42 ist als ebene Fläche oder als Abwicklung der Kühlfläche einer polygonalen oder runden Durchlaufkokille zu verstehen. Allerdings ist es nur beim Giessen auf einer umlaufenden Kühlfläche von Bedeutung, dass die der Giessrichtung zugewandten Wände 43, 44 als Negative zur gegenüberliegenden Wand ausgestattet sind. Damit wird sichergestellt, dass die Erstarrungsstrecken s, si und damit die Erstarrungszeiten jedes Längenabschnittes gleich bleiben und eine Schicht von gleicher Dicke entsteht. Die Erstarrungsstrecken s, si können unter Umständen eine Ausdehnung von nur wenigen Millimetern haben, besonders dann, wenn sehr dünne Schichten mit extrem kurzen Durcherstarrungszeiten gegossen werden, zu Beispiel bei der Erzeugung eines Materials mit amorpher Struktur.The cooling surface 42 is to be understood as a flat surface or as a development of the cooling surface of a polygonal or round continuous mold. However, it is only important when casting on a circumferential cooling surface that the walls 43, 44 facing the casting direction are equipped as negatives to the opposite wall. This ensures that the solidification distances s, s i and thus the solidification times of each length section remain the same and that a layer of the same thickness is created. The solidification paths s, si can have an extent of only a few millimeters, especially when very thin layers with extremely short solidification times are cast, for example when producing a material with an amorphous structure.

Claims (6)

1. Process for avoiding crack formation in continuous casting of metallic products, wherein the molten metal (9, 24, 37) is brought to solidification against a cooling surface (3, 20, 36, 42) and the wetting boundary (6, 29, 40, 41) between the molten metal and the cooling surface has imparted to it a configuration deviating from the direction perpendicular to the casting direction, characterised in that the wetting boundary (6, 29, 40, 41) has a zigzag or wavy shape imparted to it.
2. Apparatus for carrying out the process according to Claim 1, characterised in that a conductor fed with alternating current (11, 38) determines the configuration of the wetting boundary (6, 29).
3. Apparatus according to Claim 2, characterised in that means are provided for adjusting the strength of the current and/or the frequency.
4. Apparatus according to one of Claims 2 or 3, characterised in that the conductor (11, 38) is arranged adjustably relative to the cooling surface (3, 20, 36).
5. Apparatus for carrying out the process according to Claim 1, characterised in that, on casting a thin layer on a circulating cooling surface (42), the wetting boundary (40, 41) is determined by the wall of the funnel away from the casting direction.
6. Apparatus according to Claim 5, characterised in that the oppositely lying wall turned in the casting direction (43, 44) has a configuration which forms the negative of the wetting boundary (40, 41) of the other wall.
EP86106102A 1985-05-10 1986-05-03 Process for continuously casting metallic products Expired EP0201069B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86106102T ATE41616T1 (en) 1985-05-10 1986-05-03 PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING OF METALLIC PRODUCTS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2005/85A CH667226A5 (en) 1985-05-10 1985-05-10 METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY POURING METAL PRODUCTS.
CH2005/85 1985-05-10

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EP0201069A1 EP0201069A1 (en) 1986-11-12
EP0201069B1 true EP0201069B1 (en) 1989-03-22

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2609656B1 (en) * 1987-01-15 1989-03-24 Cegedur METHOD OF ADJUSTING THE CONTACT LINE OF THE FREE METAL SURFACE WITH THE LINGOTIERE IN A VERTICAL CAST OF PRODUCTS OF ANY SECTION
DE4039959C1 (en) * 1990-12-14 1992-01-23 Wieland-Werke Ag, 7900 Ulm, De

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA692141A (en) * 1964-08-04 Herrmann Erhard Continuous casting of plates and strips from non-ferrous metals
DE911425C (en) * 1950-09-05 1954-05-13 E H Siegfried Junghans Dr Ing Casting processes, in particular continuous casting processes and systems
DE1095999B (en) * 1953-07-30 1960-12-29 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Process for continuous casting, especially of difficult-to-melt metals
DE1028300B (en) * 1956-11-12 1958-04-17 Olsson Erik Allan Mold for continuous casting
JPS5232824A (en) * 1975-09-09 1977-03-12 Nippon Steel Corp Method of casting metal melts
JPS52134817A (en) * 1976-05-07 1977-11-11 Nippon Steel Corp Casting method of molten metal
FR2391014A1 (en) * 1977-05-18 1978-12-15 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech ELECTROMAGNETIC CENTRIFUGAL CONTINUOUS CASTING PROCESS OF NON-CIRCULAR METAL BARS
US4330025A (en) * 1980-09-11 1982-05-18 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Nozzle in a strip casting apparatus
LU83988A1 (en) * 1982-03-09 1983-11-17 Arbed CONTINUOUS CASTING LINGOTIERES

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DE3662495D1 (en) 1989-04-27
JPS61259858A (en) 1986-11-18
CH667226A5 (en) 1988-09-30
EP0201069A1 (en) 1986-11-12
US4936372A (en) 1990-06-26

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