EP0198992A1

EP0198992A1 - Two-stage baler

Info

Publication number: EP0198992A1
Application number: EP19850830259
Authority: EP
Inventors: Sergio Gualchierani
Original assignee: Gualchierani System Sas Di Sergio Gualchierani & C
Current assignee: GUALCHIERANI SYSTEM S.A.S. DI SERGIO GUALCHIERANI
Priority date: 1985-02-22
Filing date: 1985-10-14
Publication date: 1986-10-29
Also published as: EP0198992B1; ES8701602A1; ES548299A0; DE3568152D1

Abstract

A pressing plant for the formation of bales of pressed textile materials comprises at least a first pre-pressing group (511-513) associated with means (515-521) for the loading of the material, and a second group of final pressing (503-505) associated with binding means and, possibly, with film or other wrapping means, which are substantially on the same level; a carriage (527-529) picks up, from the first group, the partially pressed material and transfers it to the second group.

Description

The invention relates to a pressing plant of the type to be utilized for example, but not exclusively, for the formation of bales of textile pressed materials for the textile industry. At present, these plants are usually developed in height in order to operate both a pre-compression and the final pressing within a same room or space vertically developed and which is, therefore, at least partially underground; this brings about high costs and difficulty of installation. The plant according to the invention is realized to avoid excessive development in height of the plant and, hence, its placing underground.
Substantially, the pressing plant according to the invention - for the formation of bales of pressed textile materials - comprises: a first pressing group, associated with means for the loading of the material; a second group of final pressing, associated with binding means, and, possibly, with film - or other -:wrapping means; and an apparatus for transferring the partially pressed material from the first group to the second group. The two groups are substantially on the same level.
The transfer apparatus may comprise two opposite walls for retaining the partially pressed material; a transverse pusher associated with said first group, which defines a Wall to retain the loaded material; and a second retaining wall, opposite to the pusher and apt to be defiled, that is shifted, when the pusher has to transfer the material partially pressed between said two opposite walls.
The opposite walls are advantageously grid-like developed, with bars parallel to the direction of movement of the transverse pusher to reduce the friction on the material.
In a possible embodiment of the present pressing plant, the opposite walls grid-like developed are part of a carriage structure which moves between two positions in front of either of the two groups which are located side-by-side; an additional pusher is provided to push the partially pressed material from the carriage structure into the second group of final pressing. This additional pusher may be in a fixed location or may be installed on the carriage structure.
In another possible embodiment of the present pressing plant, the two groups are placed opposite to one another in the direction according which said first pusher acts; the two groups are spaced apart and the two facing walls are disposed therebetween for the transfer of the partially pressed material. These opposite, grid--shaped walls may be articulated to the first pre-pressing group and form, by themselves, the second retaining wall when they are brought down towards said first group; said two grid-like walls may have the bars of one wall interposed between those of the other, when the two walls are brought down towards said first group to form the retaining wall.
According to a development of the invention, the additional pusher is provided with stems that - upon the transfer operation into the second group of final pressing - are able to slide, together with the mass or bulk of the material, against the pressing walls and against the films, whereas, upon the back run of the pusher, said stems slide easily as they slip from the material and the films.
According to another development of the invention, said carriage comprises side walls apt to define the filling and pressing space, one of which being mobile, upper horizontal mobile combs and a shifting lower diaphragm; means are also provided apt to handle said combs and said diaphragm in order to retain, during the preliminary pressing and during the transfer, the pressed material within the pressing group and to be excluded during the final pressing, and means for handling the mobile wall to open it after the final pressing and allow the carriage to move away.
Advantageously, there are provided two preliminary . pressing groups spaced from the final-pressing second group and located at the opposite sides of it, as well as two respective carriages with mobile wall,
In practice, the lower diaphragm can slide in its own plane, while the upper blades are movable around the pivots in order to reach the opening and closing positions on the first pressing group; the lower diaphragm closes when the blades forming the upper diaphragm are opened for the loading operations, and both said diaphragms are defiled, that is shifted, after the transfer to the position on the second group of final pressing,to allow the final pressing.
The horizontal lower diaphragm may be developed as a continuous lamina or as a grid or formed by rods parallel to the sliding direction and compatible with the possible slots provided in the compression walls of the second group of final pressing for the binding; the upper blades are shaped like curved combs,
The invention will be better understood by following the description and the accompanying drawing which shows a practical non limitative exemplification of the same invention. In the drawing:

Figs.1, 2 and 3 show a partially cutaway side view, a view on line II-II of Fig.1 and a very schematic horizontal cutaway view;
Figs.4 and 5 show a side view and a very schematic plan view of a modified embodiment;
Fig.6 shows a detail of the modified embodiment of Figs.4 and 5;
Figs.7 and 8 show a further modified embodiment;
Figs.9 and 10 show a partially cutaway side view of the pre-pressing group, and a front view from line XII-XII of Fig.9 showing the two groups, according to a second example;
Fig.11 shows a view in detail of the pusher with its stems;
Fig.12 shows a local transverse section of the final--pressing group with the stems inserted therein, according to XII-XII of Fig.11;
Fig.13 shows an ensemble front view of a plant with two pre-pressing groups and one final pressing group in intermediate position according to a third example;
Fig.14 shows a schematic view from line XIV-XIV of Fig.13; and
Fig.15 shows a very rough, local section according to the line XV-XV of Fig.13.

According to what is shown in Figs.1 to 3, number 1 indicates the base of a first pressing group having a portal 3, which is associated with means for the loading of the material generally indicated by 5, of a per se traditional type for loading the material in a room or space where it is to be repeatedly compressed. To this end, the pre-pressing group presents a room, for receiving the material to be pressed, defined by a lower surface 7, two fixed opposite side walls 9 which define said room together with a pusher 10 operated by an actuator system 12 which acts in the horizontal direction according to f10; at the opposite side of the pusher 10 a second retaining wall 14 is provided which is intended to be moved to carry out the transfer; by way of example, this wall is moved in its own plane according to arrow f14, but it might be also removed in another suitable manner. Number 16 indicates the pressing system of said first pre-pressing group, able to operate with its own presser 16A in the well of the containing room of said first group.
Number 18 indicates the base of a second group for final pressing, whose portal is indicated by 20, some components of which may be in common with those of portal 3. Number _.22 indicates the base or lower fixed plane of the final press, number 24 the mobile plane of the final press and number 26 indicates the power system for said final pressing group. With the above described final pressing system, a binding system and, possibly, also a wrapping system is associated, both per se known for these purposes in the traditional presses for textile materials; in particular, the bale-wrapping film may be developed into two sections which are laid against the opposite active surfaces of the stationary plane 22 and of the mobile plane 24, the films being possibly fed from corresponding coil-shaped tanks. The wrapping up of the pressed bale by said films is carried out just before the binding which, thereby, retains as well the protection envelope formed by said films. All these solutions are per se known and require some space around the pressing zone of the final pressing group.
The pressing plant is completed by an apparatus for the transfer of partially pressed material from the first pressing group up to the second group of final pressing. According to the schema of the drawing, the transfer is operated by a movement according to arrows f_T shown in Figs.2 and 3, and to this purpose, rails 30 may be provided, roughly shown in Figs.1 and 3, and developing in front of the two groups. On these rails a carriage 32 which makes part of the transfer apparatus slides. The carriage has a pair of horizontal, spaced apart, facing walls 14, 36 which are typically made up - as can be seen in detail in Fig.2 - of sets of parallel and spaced apart bars developing in the direction f10 of the displacement of pusher 10, 12, that is, orthogonally to rails 20. The distance in the ver tical direction between the two bars- shaped walls 34, 36 is just slightly greater than the bulk dimensions of the material preliminarily pressed in the first pre-pressing group, and which is generically indicated by M; these two walls 34, 36 are also spaced little more than the size corresponding to the pusher 10. On the carriage 32 and between the bars-shaped walls 34, 36 a pusher 38 develops, driven by an actuator 40 for a movement according to f38 and in opposite direction. In the illustrated embodiment, the wall 14 also develops between the two facing bars- shaped walls 34, 36 to allow its displacement according to arrow f14.
By the loading system 5 the material is put into the well delimited by the lower wall 7, the retaining wall 14, the wall of pusher 10 and the two fixed walls 9; by means of system 16, 16A, the material is then compacted in the inside of said well to carry out a preliminary pressing or pre-pressing. After having carried out this pre-pressing operation, by bringing the carriage 32 in front of the first pre-pressing group, the wall 14 is made to slide according to f14 in order to defile it from the mass or bulk M, and the actuator 12 of the pusher 10 is operated to cause a translation, according to f10, of the partially pressed material M to insert it between the two bars- shaped walls 34, 36, the pusher 38 being drawn . back. The sliding operated by the pusher 10 is made easier in that the two opposite walls 34, 36 are bars--like developed and, hence, their friction on the material is greatly limited. The bulk of the preliminarily pressed material is thus between the two opposite walls 34, 36 and can be moved by the carriage 32 according to arrow f_T to take it from the position in front of the first pre-pressing group up to the position in front of the second group of final pressing, that is, in alignment with the fixed bottom wall 22.
When the carriage 32 is in front of the second group of final pressing which includes the pressing walls 22 and 24, the pusher 38 is moved by the actuator 40 according to arrow f38 until the bulk of the partially pressed material is introduced between the two walls 22 and 24 which are just a little more spaced apart than the bars--like opposite walls 34, 36 of carriage 32. Under these conditions the final pressing is operated by the system 26, without any retaining wall as the material is compacted enough for carrying out its final pressing without any trend to widening.
After the final pressing has been performed the final wrapping and binding operations are carried out. It should be noted that the plastic film, if any, for the wrapping of the bale - which film is laid against the active surfaces of the pressing walls 22 and 24 - helps the sliding of the partially pressed material M, owing to the limited friction that these films present over the sliding of the material, whereas these films have not, practically, the tendency to slide respect to the surfaces of the pressing walls 22 and 24; to ensure these conditions, small rubber coatings located on the pressing plates may be provided to assure a sufficient friction between said plates and the films.
The pusher 40 might also be in a fixed position in front of the final-pressing group.
In the embodiment of Figs.4 to 6, the corresponding members are indicated by the same references. In this embodiment the wall 14 is lacking, and in its place two grid- like walls 134 and 136 are provided which are also intended to replace the walls 34 and 36; these walls 134 and 136 are articulated at 138 and 140 to the structure of the first pressing group, for example, to the retaining walls 9 of said group. The two articulated walls 134 and 136 are developed in the form of mutually parallel and staggered bars and like tines having free mobile ends, in such a way that the two bar- shaped walls 134 and 136 can be shifted from a horizontal arrangement, as shown in Figs.4 and 5, to a vertical and coplanar arrangement as illustrated in Fig.6 in a front view. In the horizontal . arrangement, the bars-shaped wall 134 is lowered down until it rests on a fixed pawl 142 and the bars-shaped wall 136 is raised until it abuts against an upper fixed pawl 144. The two pawls 142 and 144 are carried by a portal structure 120 making part of the second group of final pressing, which is located - rather than side by side as in the previous instance - opposite that is facing in the direction of arrow f10 and spaced to a limited degree respect to the first group formed by the portal structure 1, 3. The distance between the group 1, 3 and the one indicated by 120 corresponds to the length of the bars of the opposite walls 134 and 136; this distance is sufficient to place the wrapping and binding systems in combination with the second group 120 for the final pressing.
In this instance, the retaining wall 14 may be replaced directly by the bars of the two angularly movable walls 134 and 136 which, once brought against the first group, are arranged with the bars interposed therebetween to make up the retaining wall. When the first group has completed the preliminary pressing of the material and the mass M thereof is to be transferred to the second group 120, the bars- shaped walls 134 and 136 are shifted into their horizontal arrangement and a push system 110, 112 - equivalent to the one indicated by 10 but with a . longer run - pushes the partially pressed material to slide it along the bars- shaped walls 134, 136 and directly between the two pressing walls 122, 124 of the final pressing group 120, which correspond to the walls 22 and 24 for the final pressing of the first plant according to the firstly illustrated example. In this way, the structure is even more simplified.
It is not excluded to utilize - in an arrangement like that of Figs.4 and 5 - a retaining mobile wall similar to that designated by 14 and to provide slide walls like those designated by 134 and 136 otherwise movable rather than by rotation, with the purpose to clear the space around the group 120 for the wrapping operation of the pressed bale and the binding of the same bale.
In the embodiment shown in Figs.7 and 8, the members, fully equivalent to those described in the preceding embodiments are designated by the same references and are not, therefore, further described in detail. According to this embodiment, a first pressing group is provided with a presser 116A (corresponding to the one indicated by 16A) having channels 116B relatively deep and oriented in the direction of the removal of the material block partially pressed therein. Also the lower contrast surface 107 of the pre-pressing group is realized with channels . 107B similar to those indicated by 116B. Moreover, the lower contrast surface 107 of the pre-pressing group is made movable through a lower cylinder-piston system 108 which allows limited displacements. The pressing space of the pre-pressing group is defined, besides by the two surfaces 116A and 107, by a fixed wall 111 and two opposite walls 112 which are movable and, in particular, - according to the drawing - are articulated on top at 114 to be moved away, to some extent, the one from the other and from the lower surface 107. The front opposite to the wall 111 is closed - during the loading and the pre-pressing operations - by a mobile wall 120 of a pusher driven by a system 122 which has, in part, the function of system 38, 40 of the firstly described embodiment. The pusher 120, 122 is mounted on a carriage structure 124 which can be moved according to arrow f124 and in opposite direction towards and from the pre-pressing zone delimited by the walls 110 and 112, parallel to the movement direction of the pusher 120, 122. Therefore, said carriage slides on rails 126 which, in turn, are formed on a carriage 128 which is to be moved along rails 130 substantially corresponding to those indicated by 30 of the firstly illustrated example. The carriage 128 may be moved (likewise the one indicated by 32, previously described) between the position in front of the pre-pressing _. system and the position in front of the final pressing system, which includes the mobile walls 22 and 24. The carriage 124 forms an upper fork 224 and a lower fork 324 which are able to fit into the channels 116B and respectively 107B, when the surfaces 116A and 107 are in the position of maximum approach for the final-pressing stage.
When a pre-pressing cycle is to be carried out, the surface 107 is lifted from the system 108 to the position in which the channels 107B result lined up with the lower fork 324. The carriage 124 finds itself in a position with the forks 324 being outside and lined up with the channels 107B. The mobile wall 120 of the pusher 120, 122 of carriage 124 is shifted to the position indicated by 120X in which said wall 120 completes the loading tank or box further formed by the walls 112 brought close to one another, by the surface 107 and the wall 110 opposite to the wall 120. Under these conditions, the loading and the successive stages for the pre-pressing of the material by the systems 16 and 116A are carried out. At the end of the pre-pressing stage, the surface 116A finds itself lowered in such a way as to present its channels 1163 in alignment with the upper fork 224. Under these conditions, the carriage 124 is caused to advance according to arrow f124, while the wall 120 is kept stationary, this wall withdrawing
relative to the advancing carriage. The forks 224 and 324 fit into the channels 116B and 170B in the arrangement shown in 224X and 324X; after that, the wall 107 is lowered and the wall 116A is lifted so that the material which has been subjected to the pre-pressing operation will come in contrast with forks 224 and 324. At this point, the walls 112 are moved apart; the carriage 124 is moved in the direction opposite to the one indicated by arrow f124; the bulk of the preliminarily pressed material which is between the two forks 224, 324, as indicated by M in Fig.7, is moved away from the pre--pressing group. Under these conditions, the carriage 128, bearing the guides 126 of the carriage 124, is moved from the position in front of the pre-pressing zone up to the position in front of the final press, that is, in alignment with walls 22 and 24, the latter being lifted to such an extent that the interspace between said walls 22 and 24 is slightly greater than the interspace between forks 224 and 324. In front of the pressing planes 22 and 24, as in the preceding case , a film of plastic material is placed and then, by means of the push system 120, 122, the bulk of material M, is pushed between the walls 22 and 24 thus causing it to slide along the bars of forks 224 and 324 up to the position where the final pressing, the wrapping and the binding of the bale will take place.
According to Figs.9 to 12 there is provided a first pressing group with feeder 1005, a presser 1016, 1116A having relatively deep channels 1116B oriented in the direction of the withdrawing of the material block partially pressed therein, a lower surface 1107 of contrast for the pre-pressing group, this surface being also realized with channels 1107B similar to those indicated by 1116B; said lower contrast surface 1107 of the pre-pressing group is movable through a lower cylinder-piston system 1108 which allows limited displacements. The pressing space of the pre-pressing group is defined, besides by the two surfaces 1116A and 1107, by a fixed wall 1111 and two opposite walls 1112 which are movable and, in particular - according to the drawing - articulated on top at 1114 so that they can be moved, to a limited extent, away from one another and from the lower surface 1107. The front opposite to wall 1111 is closed - during the loading and the pre--pressing operations - by a wall 1118 which can be defiled that is shifted, by a sliding on its plane or otherwise removed. By 1120 a mobile wall is indicated of a pusher operated by a system 1122. The pusher 1120, 1122 is mounted on a carriage structure 1124 which can be moved, according to arrow 1124 and in opposite direction, towards and from the pre-pressing zone delimited by the walls 1110 and 1112, parallel to the direction of displacement of pusher 1120, 1122. Said carriage slides on rails 1126 which are, in turn, formed on a carriage 1128 which is intended to be moved along the rails 1130. The carriage 1128 can be moved between the position in front of the pre-pressing system and the position in front of the final pressing system, which comprises the mobile walls 1022 and 1024 and the group 1026 on the frame 1020. The carriage 1124 forms an upper fork 1224 and a lower fork 1324 which are apt to fit into channels 1116B and respectively 1107B when the surfaces 1116A and 1107 are arranged as close as possible to each other for the final stage of pre-pressing.
The mobile wall 1120 of the pusher 1120, 1122 is provided with a double set of stems 1420, 1430 which are interposed between the bars 1224 and between the ones indicated by .1324 at an intermediate level relative to them. Said stems have a very smooth surface, being for example chromium plated, and are of very limited dimensions being able to be, for example, rod-shaped; they are not required to be particularly resistant to stresses by the pressed material. The purpose of these stems 1420 and 1430 will be better described hereinafter.
When a pre-pressing cycle is to be carried out, the surface 1107 is lifted from the system 1108 to a position in which the channels 1107B result lined up with the lower fork 1324. The carriage 1124 finds itself in a position with the forks 1324 outside of and lined up with the channels 1107B. The mobile wall 1120 of the pusher 1120, 1122 of the carriage 1124 is, in this case, kept in back position, and the said shifting wall 1118 is provided, in order to complete the loading tank being further formed by walls 1112, drawn close to one another, by the surface 1107 and the wall 1110. Under these conditions, the loading and the subsequent stages of pre-pressing of the material by systems 1016 and 1116 are carried out. At the end of the pre-pressing stage, the surface 1116A is lowered in such a way as to present its channels 1116B in alignment with the upper fork 1224. Under these conditions, the wall 1118 is moved away and the carriage 1124 is caused to advance according to arrow 1124, together with wall 1120 with stems.1420 and 1430. The forks 1224 and 1324 (as well as stems 1420 and 1430) fit into the channels 1116B and 1107 in the arrangement shown by 1224X and 1324X; after that, the wall 1107B is lowered and the wall 1116A is raised so that the material, which has been subjected to the pre-pressing operation, will come to contrast on forks 1224 and 1324. At this point, the walls 1112 are moved away from each other and the carriage 1124 is moved in the direction opposite to the one indicated by arrow f1124; the bulk of the preliminarily pressed material which is between the two forks 1224, 1324, as indicated by M in Fig.9, is thus moved away from the pre-pressing group. Under these conditions, the carriage 1128 which bears the guides 1126 of carriage, 1124, is shifted from the position in front of the pressing group up to the position in front of the final press, that is in alignment with the walls 1022 and 1024, the latter being raised so that the interspace between said walls 1022 and 1024 is slightly greater than the interspace between the forks 1224 and 1324. In front of the pressing planes 1022 and 1024, as in the preceding case, a film of plastic material is placed, and then, by means of the thrust system 1120, 1122, the bulk of material M is pushed between the two walls 1022 and 1024 thus causing it to slide along the bars of forks 1224 and 1324 up to the position where the final pressing, the wrapping and the binding of the bale will take place.
Stems 1420, 1430 which are between the bars 1224, 1324 and which are carried by the pusher 1120, come in alignment and slightly inwardly of the active surfaces of the final-pressing walls 1022 and 1024 when the carriage 1124 has been brought in front of the final pressing station. Under these conditions, by keeping the carriage 1124 in rear position and causing the pusher 1120 to advance through the system 1122, the bulk of the partially pressed material is caused to advance together with stems 1420, 1430. During the advancement, the partially pressed bulk reacts without solution of continuity progressively lesser and lesser on bars 1224, 1324 and more and more on walls 1024, 1022, while the stems 1420, 1430 are wedged below the films P1 and P2 which are made to adhere to the walls 1024 and 1022, said films being predisposed to make up the next wrapping. At the end of the action of pusher 1120, the stems 1420, 1430 result interposed between the bulk of material M and the walls 1022, 1024, with the interposition - between said stems and said walls - of films P1 and P2. During the advancement, the contact with the films P1 and P2 is exerted mostly by stems 1420 and 1430 rather than the material, and, thereby, a dragging effect on the films is minimized owing to the greatly reduced friction of the surfaces of stems 1420, 1430; therefore, the films remain in the position at which they were before the beginning of the thrust by pusher 1120. When the bulk M has reached the position of final pressing between the two walls 1022 and 1024, the pusher 1120 is drawr back and the stems 1420, 1430 slip easily from the virtual hollow space defined by the bulk of pre-pressed material M and by the films P1 and P2. At the end of the return run of pusher 1120 and stems 1420, 1430, the system 1026 of final pressing may be put into operation.
According to Figs.13 to 15, number 501 indicates a central housing for a final-pressing group, and a base 503 and a mobile wall 505 of this group are visible, said wall 503 being apt to be drawn near the base 503 by means of a hydraulic or equivalent power-system 507. The base 503 and the mobile wall 505 are realized with channels to permit the binding of the bale of pressed material after completion of the pressing and of a possible wrapping by envelope-forming films. The binding is effected by a binding unit 509 of a type per se known, in one or more stages. At the two sides of the housing 501 two pre-pressing groups, generally indicated by 511 and 513 are disposed, each of which includes a feeding system with a mechanical or pneumatic conveyor 515, a storage tank 517 and a pusher 519 able to push the material from the tank 517 to a drop room 521 overhanging a filling and pre-pressing space. The filling and the pre-pressing are carried out with the aid of a presser 523 alternatively movable through the control of cylinder--piston systems 525 in order to preliminarily tamp and press - by a plurality of lowering and lifting cycles - the material in said filling and pressing space.
The filling and pressing space for each of the two groups 511 and 513 is realized on a carriage 527 and 529 respectively. Each carriage may be moved from a position below the drop room 521 up to a position below the mobile wall 505, each carriage being able to slide just above the base 503 by resting and sliding on guides disposed at the sides thereof. Each carriage, like the one indicated by 529 to be descri bed below, has one horizontal lower diaphragm 531, which can be made to slide by means of suitable fluid--operated control means 533 or the like for a movement along its own plane. The carriage also includes three vertical fixed walls of which one indicated by 535 is transversal and the other two indicated by 537, 539 are longitudinal relative to the direction of the carriage movement which is indicated by the double arrow f in the drawing. On the top of the three vertical walls 535, 537, 539 and solid with the pre-pressing tank 521, a second horizontal upper diaphragm 541 is provided which may consist of a single structure or of two parts separately movable. Also said diaphragm 541 - which may be formed by two movable parts - may be moved along its own plane through suitable fluid-operated or equivalent control means 543. In the walls 539 two sets of slots are formed for the introduction therein of combs 600, which have the function of retaining the material during the spring back phase when the box 535, 537, 539 is filled. The movement of such combs is hydraulically operated by suitable cylinder-piston systems 602. The upper combs 600 and the three walls 535, 537, 539 define a filling and pressing space which is completed by a mobile wall 545 vertically hinged at 547 to the wall 537 (see Fig.13) in order to be opened and respectively closed (as far as it comes in contact with the wall 539) so as to define said filling and pressing space. In each carriage, the mobile wall 545 is the inner one facing the second group, centrally located, for the final pressing. Also the opening and closing of the mobile wall 545 is controlled by a fluid-operated or equivalent control means 549.
The plant summarily described with reference to Figs.13 to 15 operates as follows. Each carriage is brought under the drop room 521 of its own pre-pressing group in _'such a condition as to define the filling and pressing space, with the diaphragm 531 and the walls 535, 537, 539 and the mobile wall 545 in the closing arrangement. In these conditions,.the filling of this space takes place in the usual way, with subsequent cycles of drop discharge and of preliminary pressing by the presser 523. Retaining means may be predisposed for retaining the partially pressed material between one lowering cycle and another of the presser 523, in order to avoid the pro- gressive swelling of the material. At the end of the pre-pressing operation, in the space defined on the carriage, as described above, the combs 600 - which retain the material - are put into,an active position, the upper diaphragm 541 is closed and the carriage is transferred to the second group of final pressing until the lower diaphragm 531 is brought just below the base 503 and the upper combs are brought just below the mobile wall 505; in the meantime the drop of the material into the room 521 of the pre-pressing group is not interrupted. The pressing group starts its action while the two diaphragms 531, 600 are defiled that is removed from their active position so that the material is pressed inside the space formed by the walls 535, 537, 539, 545 and between the base 503 and the mobile wall 505. A film intended to form envelope is possibly already available on the base 503 and under the wall 505, so as to form an envelope or wrapping after the pressing. The intervention of the binding unit completes the packaging. In order to operate - after the final pressing - the possible formation of the envelope and, anyway, the binding, the wall 545 is opened and the carriage is moved away in the direction opposite to the one according which it has transferred the material under the group of final pressing; for this moving away of the carriage the walls 537 and 539 will be realized sufficiently smooth to allow an easy slide relative to the pressed material. The carriage is brought again under its own pre-pressing group to repeat the filling cycles.
The operations performed by the two carriages 527, 529 are properly staggered in order to make use of a single group of final pressing.
The combs 600 and the pressing means may be realized in such a way as to avoid mutual interferences.
Whatever the construction may be chosen, there is obtained a plant of limited extension in height and, therefore, capable of being installed without any costly partial laying underground of the structures. The construe tion of the group results much simpler and thus far more economical and of much more limited overall dimensions which increases its economy also as far as the required space is concerned. These and other objects and advantages will result apparent to those skilled in the art from a reading of the preceding description.
It is understood that the drawing shows some exempli fications given only as practical demonstrations of the invention which may vary in the forms and dispositions without nevertheless coming out from the ambit of the idea on which the invention itself is based. The possible presence of reference numbers in the attached claims has the purpose to facilitate the reading of the claims, reference being made to the description and drawing, and is not, therefore, aimed to put limitations to the ambit of the protection pointed out by the claims.

Claims

1. A pressing plant for the formation of bales of pressed textile materials, characterized in that it comprises: a first pre-pressing group associated with means for the loading of the material; at least a second final-pressing group associated with binding means and, possibly, with wrapping means to make a film or other envelope; and an apparatus for transferring the partially pressed material from the first group to the second group which are, substantially, at the same level.

2. Pressing plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the transfer apparatus comprises: opposite walls (34, 36; 134, 136; 224, 324) for retaining the partially pressed material; means for transferring the partially pressed material between said opposite walls; and means for pushing said partially pressed material from the position reached between said two opposite walls up to the second final pressing group.

3. Pressing plant according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises a transverse pusher (10, 12; 110, 112) associated with said first group, which defines a wall for" the retaining of the loaded material; and a second retaining wall (14; 134, 136) opposite to the pusher and apt to be defiled, that is shifted, when the pusher (10, 12) transfers the bulk of the partially pressed material between said two opposite walls.

4. Pressing plant according to claim 3, characterized in that the opposite walls (34, 36; 134, 136; 224, 324) are grid-like developed with bars parallel to the direction (f10) of the transverse pusher movement.

5. Pressing plant according to claim 3, characterized in that the opposite walls (34, 36; 224, 324) make part of a carriage structure (32; 128) which moves between two positions in front of either of the two groups that are disposed side by side; a pusher (38, 40; 120, 122) being provided to push the partially pressed material from the position between the two opposite walls up into the second group (22, 24, 26) of final pressing.

6. Pressing plant according to claim 5, characterized in that: the opposite grid-like walls (224, 324) are formed by a carri. e (124) capable of moving towards and from said first pre-pressing group (107, 116, 116B); the active surfaces of the presser (116A) and of the contrast plane (107) of said first group are provided with channels (107B, 116B) apt to receive the bars of the grid-like walls (224, 324); and means are provided to move away to a limited extent, said active surfaces after the completion of the pre-pressing operation in order to react the pressed material against the grid-like walls inserted into the channels.

7. A plant according to claim 6, characterized in that the contrast plane (107) is carried by a control system (108), to allow a limited lowering of said contrast plane.

8. A plant according to claim 6, characterized in that: a wall (111) for retaining the loaded material in the first group, is stationary; two side opposite walls (112) are movable, and in particular hinged so as to be moved away to a limited extent after the pre-pressing; and a further retaining wall is formed by the pusher (120, 122) predisposed to push the material into the second group (22, 24, 26) of final pressing.

9. Pressing plant according to claim 4, characterized in that: the two groups of pre-pressing (7, 16) and of final-pressing (22, 24, 26) are disposed (Figs.4, 5) facing .to one another in the direction according which said pusher acts; said two groups are spaced between them; and between them, the two opposite walls (134, 136) are disposed for the transfer of the partially pressed material, said walls being movable to allow the binding and possibly the wrapping operations.

10. pressing plant according to claim 9, characterized in that the opposite grid-like walls (134, 136) are articulated to the first pre-pressing group and form the second retaining wall when it is brought down towards said first group.

11. Pressing plant according to claim 10, characterized in that the grid-like walls (134, 136) have the bars of one of them interposed between those of the other, when the two walls are brought down towards said first group.

12. Pressing plant according to claim 5, characterized in that the pusher (1120, 1122) is provided with stems (1420, 1430) parallel to the bars of the grid-shaped walls (1224, 1324) and interposed between some at least of said bars; said stems advancing with the partially pressed material to be disposed between said material and the plastics films placed against the pressing walls (1022, 1024) when the material is made to advance to the position of final pressing; and said stems sliding relative to the material and the films upon the back run of the pusher.

13. A plant according to claim 12, characterized in that said stems (1420, 1430) have smooth surface, especially chromium plated or treated in an equivalent way.

14. A plant according to claim 13, characterized in that said stems have circular section.

15. Pressing plant according to at least claim 1, characterized in that: said transfer apparatus (Figs.11, 13) is a carriage including side walls apt to define the filling and pressing space, one of which is movable, and horizontal upper mobile combs and an upper lower shiftable diaphragm, and that means are provided able to handle said diaphragm in order? to retain, during the pressing and during the transfer, the pressed material in the pressing group and be excluded during the final pressing, and means for handling the mobile wall in order to open it after the final pressing and permit the removal of the carriage.

16. A plant according to claim 15, characterized in that it comprises two pressing groups spaced out relative to the second final pressing group and disposed on opposite sides of it, and two respective carriages with mobile wall.

17. A plant according to claim 16, characterized in that the lower diaphragm is able to slide on its own plane, while the upper blades rotate about a pivot to reach the opening and closing positions on the first pressing group; the lower diaphragm being closed meanwhile the lower blades are opened for the loading operations, and both said diaphragms being defiled after the transfer into the position on the second final-pressing group, to allow said final pressing.

18. A plant according to claim 17, characterized in that the horizontal lower diaphragm may be developed as a continuous lamina or as a grid with bars being parallel to the slide direction and compatible with the possible slots provided in the compression walls of the second final pressing group for the binding; the upper blades being like curved combs.