EP0197914B1 - Valve control for internal-combustion engines - Google Patents

Valve control for internal-combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0197914B1
EP0197914B1 EP86890051A EP86890051A EP0197914B1 EP 0197914 B1 EP0197914 B1 EP 0197914B1 EP 86890051 A EP86890051 A EP 86890051A EP 86890051 A EP86890051 A EP 86890051A EP 0197914 B1 EP0197914 B1 EP 0197914B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
valves
valve
internal combustion
cylinder
valve control
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EP86890051A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0197914A1 (en
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Hermann Weichsler
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/26—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of two or more valves operated simultaneously by same transmitting-gear; peculiar to machines or engines with more than two lift-valves per cylinder
    • F01L1/262—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of two or more valves operated simultaneously by same transmitting-gear; peculiar to machines or engines with more than two lift-valves per cylinder with valve stems disposed radially from a centre which is substantially the centre of curvature of the upper wall surface of a combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/18—DOHC [Double overhead camshaft]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • F02F1/4214—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads specially adapted for four or more valves per cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/245—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated at an angle with the cylinder axis
    • F02F2001/246—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated at an angle with the cylinder axis and orientated radially from the combustion chamber surface

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a valve control for internal combustion engines with at least one row of cylinders, which contains four valves inclined to each other, namely two inlet and two outlet valves opposite each other, the planes determined by the axes of the opposing valves relative to the longitudinal center plane of the internal combustion engine or the transverse planes passing through the cylinder axes are rotated by an angle of 15-30 ° around the cylinder axes, and in each case a camshaft is provided on one side of the longitudinal center plane of the internal combustion engine, which is arranged in the plane of the valves of the same function it actuates .
  • hemispherical combustion chambers In order to achieve fuel-saving and low-pollution combustion, hemispherical combustion chambers are sought, in which the valves are arranged radially.
  • a hemispherical combustion chamber is not only the cheapest form of a cylinder head in terms of gas exchange, but in conjunction with Viäm6frä-Ier valve arrangement (valves with the same function are spatially opposite one another) enables the required swirl movement of the inflowing fresh gas and accommodating the largest possible valves (AT- B-150 188).
  • valve stems projecting beyond the cylinder layout and their spring assemblies are made possible by the nesting of the valve stems in a known manner (AT-B-174 503).
  • valves were previously operated using rocker arms, bumpers and angle levers or one or more rocker arms one above the other (DE-B1 243 459, DE-B-1 300 578).
  • Valve controls of this type are not suitable because of the large oscillating masses for speeds, as are required in high-performance engines, since the flutter limit of the valves is too low.
  • the use of stronger valve springs offers the possibility of increasing the speed somewhat, but the spring forces cannot be increased arbitrarily due to the additional load on the valve control.
  • valves on the left and right of the cylinder center plane does not allow for larger valve angles, since the valves of adjacent cylinders are obstructed. In both known constructions, it is therefore impossible to achieve the hemispherical combustion chamber aimed for optimal combustion.
  • a valve control of the type mentioned is known, in which the valves of the cylinders are actuated by a total of two camshafts, which are provided on the left and right of the longitudinal center plane of the engine.
  • the camshafts are arranged in the planes which are formed by the outer valves, the valve actuation takes place via various rocker arms and / or rocker arms. It is only through the interposition of these components in DE-B-1 300 578 that the transmission of the cam stroke to the valve stem, which is spatially distant from the assigned cam, is only possible.
  • valves are opened indirectly by means of conical cams, but the cam stroke is transmitted to the valves by means of heavy rocker arms which are too long for this type of cam and therefore inexact.
  • the valve stems projecting far beyond the cylinder bore also require a cylinder spacing that is no longer common in today's compact engines.
  • valve control for internal combustion engines in which the valves are not arranged in pairs as in the subject of the application and in which the planes in which the valves are arranged are oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal center plane of the internal combustion engine.
  • EP-A-0 117 850 Another disadvantage of EP-A-0 117 850 is the very large valve angle between the two lower-lying valves, since it requires a cylinder head which is very wide, which is not suitable in view of the compact design required today for internal combustion engines.
  • EP-A-0 117 850 Another disadvantage of the construction of an internal combustion engine known from EP-A-0 117 850 is that the cylinder head is made of two separate parts must be manufactured, otherwise machining the valve seats and guides and installing the higher-lying valves is not possible. As is also apparent from the drawing of EP-A-0 117 850, under the cylinder head, in which a pair of the valves is received, a plate is provided which is separate from the cylinder head and which has the seats for the lower pair of the valves.
  • This two-part design of the cylinder head of the known internal combustion engine brings not only considerable sealing problems, but also problems with the adjustment of the two parts of the cylinder head with respect to one another and with respect to the cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
  • GB-A-1 152 805 From GB-A-1 152 805 a radially diametrical valve arrangement is known.
  • the way in which the valves in GB-A-1 152 805 are to be driven, i. H. GB-A-1 152 805 gives no information as to where the camshafts actuating them lie, since this document deals primarily with the formation of a cylinder head and not with valve control for an internal combustion engine.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to avoid the disadvantages of known valve controls and to improve the valve actuation in fully radial valves of the type described in such a way that their advantages can also be exploited for high-speed internal combustion engines without the disadvantages of oscillating transmission elements which occur in the prior art to have to put up with.
  • the invention achieves the stated object in that the valves arranged on each side of the longitudinal center plane of the internal combustion engine are assigned two camshafts actuating them on each side of this longitudinal center plane, in that each of the four camshafts is in one of the valve rows formed by the valves it actuates with the same function and whose valve stems are arranged levels and that the cams of the camshafts are conical and act on the tappet actuating the valve (s).
  • the invention leads overall to a simplification of the valve actuation mechanism
  • the advantage is achieved that, in contrast to reciprocating masses (which are not required in the invention), rotating shafts do not limit the maximum permissible rotational speed, and the overall height and width of the cylinder head are reduced compared to known solutions From the crankshaft, the chain (s) or toothed belt are used in a known manner; it is also possible to achieve frictional engagement by means of gears.
  • the cams of the camshafts are conical and act on the tappets actuating the valves, there is no need for heavy lever constructions between the cam and the valve stem and the moving masses are reduced, so that the valve train no longer forms a speed limitation .
  • the bucket tappet Due to its large diameter and because of the rotational movement additionally achieved by the eccentric cam arrangement, the bucket tappet is excellently suited to absorbing transverse forces and to be delivered to the cylinder head without loading the valve stem. The transverse forces occurring in the camshaft axis are reduced by means of appropriate camshaft bearings.
  • each of the conical cams in the raised area is curved from a plane normal to the axis in the direction of the valve to be actuated by it.
  • the invention also extends to the fact that the cams are axially displaceably mounted on the camshaft for adjusting the valve clearance. There is therefore no need to adjust the valve clearance, for example by means of spacers between the tappet and the valve stem.
  • a spherical cap-shaped combustion chamber 2 with four valves 3, 4 is provided for each cylinder of a row of cylinders of an internal combustion engine 1. Opposite each other, two valves for controlling the inlet channels 5 running parallel to the cylinder axis are designed as inlet valves 3. The also opposite exhaust valves 4 control the approximately radially opening to the cylinder axis outlet channels 6.
  • the valve stems 3 ', 4' and the valve guides 3 ", 4" of all valves 3, 4 are arranged diagonally apart and form a right-angled cross seen in plan view.
  • valves 3, 4 or the cross formed by their shafts 3 ', 4' are rotated by an angle of about 15 to 30 °, so that the cylinders can be moved close together, as is the case with the Inlet channels 5 and the zu Accessibility of the spark plug 8 is acceptable with sufficient wall thicknesses.
  • valve stems 3 ', 4' and the associated tappets 7 of a cylinder engage between the valve stems and tappets of the adjacent cylinder or cylinders without impairing their freedom of movement.
  • two camshafts 9 and 10 are arranged on both sides of the longitudinal center plane of the row of cylinders, which is determined in FIG. 1 by the axes of the tapered thread 8.
  • Each of these camshafts 9 and 10 is placed over a valve series I, II, 111, IV (FIG. 2) formed by the nesting of the valves 3, 4 in FIG. 2, in such a way that they are the same as in the valves 3, 4 Function arising valve row I, 11, 111, IV and the valve stems 3 ', 4' formed plane acts.
  • the two outer camshafts 9 therefore actuate the exhaust valves 4, whereas the two camshafts 10 closer to the longitudinal center plane are assigned to the intake valves 3.
  • valves 3 and 4 of the same function of several cylinders are at an oblique angle in their common plane to the camshafts 9 and 10, they are actuated via conically ground cams 11, the cam stroke 12 of which is the oblique angle of the associated valve stem 3 ', 4' is cranked accordingly in order to enable the cam 11 to overflow on the tappet 7 in the largely central region thereof.
  • the load on the tappet 7 therefore remains centric in every stroke position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Ventilsteuerung für Brennkraftmaschinen mit wenigstens einer Zylinderreihe, die je Zylinder vier zueinander geneigt angeordnete Ventile enthält, nämlich jeweils einander gegenüberliegend zwei Ein- und zwei Auslaßventile, wobei die von den Achsen der sich gegenüberliegenden Ventile bestimmten Ebenen gegenüber der Längsmittelebene der Brennkraftmaschine bzw. den durch die Zylinderachsen laufenden Querebenen um einen Winkel von 15-30° um die Zylinderachsen gedreht sind, und bei der jeweils eine Nockenwelle an einer Seite der Längsmittelebene der Brennkraftmaschine vorgesehen ist, die in der Ebene der von ihr betätigten Ventile gleicher Funktion angeordnet ist.The invention relates to a valve control for internal combustion engines with at least one row of cylinders, which contains four valves inclined to each other, namely two inlet and two outlet valves opposite each other, the planes determined by the axes of the opposing valves relative to the longitudinal center plane of the internal combustion engine or the transverse planes passing through the cylinder axes are rotated by an angle of 15-30 ° around the cylinder axes, and in each case a camshaft is provided on one side of the longitudinal center plane of the internal combustion engine, which is arranged in the plane of the valves of the same function it actuates .

Um eine kraftstoffsparende und schadstoffarme Verbrennung zu erreichen, werden halbkugelförmige Verbrennungsräume angestrebt, in denen die Ventile radial angeordnet sind. Ein halbkugelförmiger Verbrennungsraum stellt nicht nur im Hinblick auf den Gaswechsel die günstigste Form eines Zylinderkopfes dar, sondern ermöglicht in Verbindung mit Viäm6frä-Ier Ventilanordnung (Ventile gleicher Funktion liegen sich räumlich gegenüber) die geforderte Drallbewegung des einströmenden Frischgases und die Unterbringung größtmöglicher Ventile (AT-B-150 188).In order to achieve fuel-saving and low-pollution combustion, hemispherical combustion chambers are sought, in which the valves are arranged radially. A hemispherical combustion chamber is not only the cheapest form of a cylinder head in terms of gas exchange, but in conjunction with Viäm6frä-Ier valve arrangement (valves with the same function are spatially opposite one another) enables the required swirl movement of the inflowing fresh gas and accommodating the largest possible valves (AT- B-150 188).

Die raumsparende Unterbringung der über den Zylindergrundriß hinausragenden Ventilschäfte und deren Federpakete wird durch die in bekannter Weise vorgenommene Ineinanderschachtelung der Ventilschäfte ermöglicht (AT-B-174 503).The space-saving accommodation of the valve stems projecting beyond the cylinder layout and their spring assemblies is made possible by the nesting of the valve stems in a known manner (AT-B-174 503).

Die Betätigung der Ventile erfolgte bisher über Schlepphebel, Stoßstangen und Winkelhebel oder über einen oder mehrere übereinanderliegende Schlepphebel (DE-B1 243 459, DE-B-1 300 578).The valves were previously operated using rocker arms, bumpers and angle levers or one or more rocker arms one above the other (DE-B1 243 459, DE-B-1 300 578).

Ventilsteuerungen dieser Art sind wegen der großen oszillierenden Massen für Drehzahlen, wie sie bei Hochleistungsmotoren gefordert werden, nicht geeignet, da die Flattergrenze der Ventile zu niedrig liegt. Die Verwendung stärkerer Ventilfedern bietet wohl die Möglichkeit, die Drehzahl etwas zu erhöhen, doch lassen sich die Federkräfte wegen der dadurch erfolgten Mehrbelastung der Ventilsteuerung nicht beliebig erhöhen.Valve controls of this type are not suitable because of the large oscillating masses for speeds, as are required in high-performance engines, since the flutter limit of the valves is too low. The use of stronger valve springs offers the possibility of increasing the speed somewhat, but the spring forces cannot be increased arbitrarily due to the additional load on the valve control.

Zur Verringerung der aufwendigen Antriebsverbindung zwischen der Nockenwelle und den zueinander geneigt angeordneten Ventilen ist es bekannt, die Nocken kegelförmig auszuführen .und unmittelbar auf die Federteller der Ventile einwirken zu lassen (GB-A-226 442). Dabei werden die bei der Verwendung von konischen Nocken auftretenden, in Wellenachse wirkenden Querkräfte über die Ventilführungen abgebaut, was zu sehr schnellem Verschleiß dieser Bauteile führt.To reduce the complex drive connection between the camshaft and the valves arranged at an angle to one another, it is known to design the cams in a conical shape and to have them act directly on the spring plates of the valves (GB-A-226 442). The transverse forces that occur in the shaft axis when conical cams are used are reduced via the valve guides, which leads to very rapid wear of these components.

Um diesem Umstand Rechnung zu tragen werden bei einer bekannten Ventilsteuerung für vier radial angeordnete Ventile die Querkräfte durch die Anordnung eines Schlepphebels zwischen konischen Nocken und Ventilschaftende teilweise abgebaut (DE-C-953 672).In order to take this into account, in a known valve control for four radially arranged valves, the lateral forces are partially reduced by the arrangement of a rocker arm between the conical cam and the valve stem end (DE-C-953 672).

Allerdings läßt die links und rechts der Zylindermittelebene nur einreihige Anordnung der Ventile keine größeren Ventilwinkel zu, da sich die Ventile benachbarter Zylinder behindern. Bei beiden bekannten Konstruktionen ist es daher unmöglich, den für eine optimale Verbrennung angestrebten, halbkugelförmigen Verbrennungsraum zu erreichen.However, the arrangement of the valves on the left and right of the cylinder center plane does not allow for larger valve angles, since the valves of adjacent cylinders are obstructed. In both known constructions, it is therefore impossible to achieve the hemispherical combustion chamber aimed for optimal combustion.

Aus der DE-B-1 300 578 ist eine Ventilsteuerung der eingangs genannten Gattung bekannt, bei der die Ventile der Zylinder durch insgesamt zwei Nockenwellen betätigt werden, die links bzw. rechts der Längsmittelebene des Motors vorgesehen sind. Obwohl, wie in den Fig. 1 und 2 der DE-B-1 300 578 dargestellt, die Nockenwellen in den Ebenen, die durch die äußeren Ventile gebildet werden, angeordnet sind, erfolgt die Ventilbetätigung über verschiedene Schlepp- und/oder Kipphebel. Erst durch die Zwischenschaltung dieser Bauteile wird bei der DE-B-1 300 578 die Übertragung des Nockenhubes auf den räumlich vom zugeordneten Nocken weit entfernten Ventilschaft erst möglich.From DE-B-1 300 578 a valve control of the type mentioned is known, in which the valves of the cylinders are actuated by a total of two camshafts, which are provided on the left and right of the longitudinal center plane of the engine. Although, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of DE-B-1 300 578, the camshafts are arranged in the planes which are formed by the outer valves, the valve actuation takes place via various rocker arms and / or rocker arms. It is only through the interposition of these components in DE-B-1 300 578 that the transmission of the cam stroke to the valve stem, which is spatially distant from the assigned cam, is only possible.

In der GB-A-375 459 werden radial angeordnete Ventile mittels konischer Nocken indirekt geöffnet, wobei der Nockenhub jedoch über schwere, für diese Nockenart zu lange und somit unexakt arbeitende Kipphebel auf die Ventile übertragen wird. Die weit über die Zylinderbohrung hinausragenden Ventilschäfte erfordern zudem einen bei heutigen Kompaktmotoren nicht mehr gebräuchlichen Zylinderabstand.In GB-A-375 459, radially arranged valves are opened indirectly by means of conical cams, but the cam stroke is transmitted to the valves by means of heavy rocker arms which are too long for this type of cam and therefore inexact. The valve stems projecting far beyond the cylinder bore also require a cylinder spacing that is no longer common in today's compact engines.

Aus der EP-A-0 117 850 ist eine Ventilsteuerung für Brennkraftmaschinen bekannt, bei der die Ventile einander nicht wie beim Anmeldungsgegenstand jeweils paarweise angeordnet sind und bei der die Ebenen, in welchen die Ventile angeordnet sind, zur Längsmittelebene der Brennkraftmaschine senkrecht ausgerichtet sind.From EP-A-0 117 850 a valve control for internal combustion engines is known, in which the valves are not arranged in pairs as in the subject of the application and in which the planes in which the valves are arranged are oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal center plane of the internal combustion engine.

Durch die Übereinanderanordnung zweier in der gleichen Ventilebene liegenden Ventilpaare ergibt sich in Verbindung mit einem entsprechenden hochgewölbten Kolben ein kleiner und kompakter Brennraum. Allerdings ist der Brennraum bei der EP-A-0 117 850 wesentlich kleiner als die Zylinderbohrung, was während des Verdichtungsvorganges zu einer kraftverzehrenden Gemischquetschung um die Brennraumunterkante führt. Der Kolben der bekannten Brennkraftmaschine ist wegen seines zur notwendigen Verdichtung besonders geformten Bodens sehr schwer und für schnell laufende Brennkraftmaschinen ungeeignet.The arrangement of two pairs of valves lying one above the other in the same valve plane results in a small and compact combustion chamber in connection with a corresponding high-arched piston. However, the combustion chamber in EP-A-0 117 850 is significantly smaller than the cylinder bore, which leads to a force-consuming mixture squeezing around the lower edge of the combustion chamber during the compression process. The piston of the known internal combustion engine is very heavy because of its specially shaped bottom for the necessary compression and is unsuitable for fast-running internal combustion engines.

Nachteilig bei der EP-A-0 117 850 ist auch der sehr große Ventilwinkel zwischen den beiden tiefer liegenden Ventilen, da er einen sehr weit ausladenen Zylinderkopf erfordert, der im Hinblick auf die heute für Brennkraftmaschinen geforderte Kompaktbauweise nicht geeignet ist.Another disadvantage of EP-A-0 117 850 is the very large valve angle between the two lower-lying valves, since it requires a cylinder head which is very wide, which is not suitable in view of the compact design required today for internal combustion engines.

Ein weiterer Nachteil der aus der EP-A-0 117 850 bekannten Konstruktion einer Brennkraftmaschine besteht darin, daß der Zylinderkopf aus zwei getrennten Teilen gefertigt werden muß, da sonst eine Bearbeitung der Ventilsitze und -führungen und auch der Einbau der höher liegenden Ventile nicht möglich ist. Wie sich auch aus der Zeichnung der EP-A-0 117 850 ergibt, ist unter dem Zylinderkopf, in dem ein Paar der Ventile aufgenommen ist, eine vom Zylinderkopf getrennte Platte vorgesehen, welche die Sitze für das untere Paar der Ventile aufweist. Diese zweiteilige Ausführung des Zylinderkopfes der bekannten Brennkraftmaschine bringt nicht nur erhebliche Dichtungsprobleme, sondern auch Probleme bei der Justierung der beiden Teile des Zylinderkopfes gegeneinander und gegenüber dem Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine mit sich.Another disadvantage of the construction of an internal combustion engine known from EP-A-0 117 850 is that the cylinder head is made of two separate parts must be manufactured, otherwise machining the valve seats and guides and installing the higher-lying valves is not possible. As is also apparent from the drawing of EP-A-0 117 850, under the cylinder head, in which a pair of the valves is received, a plate is provided which is separate from the cylinder head and which has the seats for the lower pair of the valves. This two-part design of the cylinder head of the known internal combustion engine brings not only considerable sealing problems, but also problems with the adjustment of the two parts of the cylinder head with respect to one another and with respect to the cylinder of the internal combustion engine.

Aus der GB-A-1 152 805 ist eine radial diametrale Ventilanordnung als bekannt zu entnehmen. Über die Art und Weise, wie die Ventile bei der GB-A-1 152 805 angetrieben werden sollen, d. h. wo die sie betätigenden Nockenwellen liegen, gibt die GB-A-1 152 805 keine Auskunft, da sich diese Dokument in erster Linie mit der Ausbildung eines Zylinderkopfes beschäftigt und nicht mit der Ventilsteuerung für eine Brennkraftmaschine.From GB-A-1 152 805 a radially diametrical valve arrangement is known. The way in which the valves in GB-A-1 152 805 are to be driven, i. H. GB-A-1 152 805 gives no information as to where the camshafts actuating them lie, since this document deals primarily with the formation of a cylinder head and not with valve control for an internal combustion engine.

Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Nachteile bekannter Ventilsteuerungen zu vermeiden und die Ventilbetätigung bei vollradial angeordneten Ventilen der eingangs beschriebenen Art so zu verbessern, daß ihre Vorteile auch für schnellaufende Verbrennungskraftmaschinen ausgenützt werden können, ohne die beim Stand der Technik auftretenden Nachteile schwingender Übertragungsorgane in Kauf nehmen zu müssen.The invention is therefore based on the object to avoid the disadvantages of known valve controls and to improve the valve actuation in fully radial valves of the type described in such a way that their advantages can also be exploited for high-speed internal combustion engines without the disadvantages of oscillating transmission elements which occur in the prior art to have to put up with.

Die Erfindung löst die gestellte Aufgabe dadurch, daß den auf jeder Seite der Längsmittelebene der Brennkraftmaschine angeordneten Ventilen auf jeder Seite dieser Längsmittelebene zwei diese betätigende Nockenwellen zugeordnet sind, daß jede der vier Nockenwellen in je einer der durch die von ihr betätigten Ventile gleicher Funktion gebildeten Ventilreihen und deren Ventilschäfte gebildeten Ebenen angeordnet ist und daß die Nocken der Nockenwellen kegelförmig ausgebildet sind und auf die die Ventile betätigende (n) Tassenstößel wirken.The invention achieves the stated object in that the valves arranged on each side of the longitudinal center plane of the internal combustion engine are assigned two camshafts actuating them on each side of this longitudinal center plane, in that each of the four camshafts is in one of the valve rows formed by the valves it actuates with the same function and whose valve stems are arranged levels and that the cams of the camshafts are conical and act on the tappet actuating the valve (s).

Obwohl sich bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ventil-" steuerung die Anzahl der Nockenwellen gegenüber den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten (vgl. z. B. DE-B-1 300 578) Konstruktionen für Hochleistungsmotoren verdoppelt, führt die Erfindung insgesamt zu einer Vereinfachung der Ventilbetätigungsmechanik. Zusätzlich wird der Vorteil erreicht, daß rotierende Wellen im Gegensatz zu (bei der Erfindung entfallenden) hin- und hergehenden Massen keine Begrenzung der höchstzulässigen Drehzahl darstellen. Ebenso wird die Bauhöhe und die Breite des Zylinderkopfes gegenüber bekannten Lösungsvorschlägen verkleinert. Der Antrieb der einzelnen Nockenwellen von der Kurbelwelle aus erfolgt in bekannter Weise durch umlaufende Kette (n) oder Zahnriemen ; die Möglichkeit, den Kraftschluß durch Zahnräder zu erreichen, ist ebenfalls gegeben.Although the number of camshafts in the valve control according to the invention doubles compared to the designs for high-performance engines known from the prior art (see, for example, DE-B-1 300 578), the invention leads overall to a simplification of the valve actuation mechanism In addition, the advantage is achieved that, in contrast to reciprocating masses (which are not required in the invention), rotating shafts do not limit the maximum permissible rotational speed, and the overall height and width of the cylinder head are reduced compared to known solutions From the crankshaft, the chain (s) or toothed belt are used in a known manner; it is also possible to achieve frictional engagement by means of gears.

Dadurch, daß wie bei der Erfindung vorgesehen, die Nocken der Nockenwellen kegelförmig ausgebildet sind und auf die die Ventile betätigende (n) Tassenstößel wirken, entfallen schwere Hebelkonstruktionen zwischen Nocke und Ventilschaft und die bewegten Massen werden verkleinert, so daß der Ventiltrieb keine Drehzahlbegrenzung mehr bildet. Der Tassenstößel ist durch seinen großen Durchmesser und wegen seiner durch die außermittige Nockenanordnung zusätzlich erreichte Drehbewegung vorzüglich geeignet Querkräfte aufzunehmen und ohne Ventilschaftbelastung an den Zylinderkopf abzugeben. Die in der Nockenwellenachse auftretenden Querkräfte werden über entsprechende Nockenwellenlager abgebaut.The fact that, as provided in the invention, the cams of the camshafts are conical and act on the tappets actuating the valves, there is no need for heavy lever constructions between the cam and the valve stem and the moving masses are reduced, so that the valve train no longer forms a speed limitation . Due to its large diameter and because of the rotational movement additionally achieved by the eccentric cam arrangement, the bucket tappet is excellently suited to absorbing transverse forces and to be delivered to the cylinder head without loading the valve stem. The transverse forces occurring in the camshaft axis are reduced by means of appropriate camshaft bearings.

Weiters kann im Rahmen der Erfindung vorgesehen sein, daß jeder der kegelförmigen Nocken im Erhebungsbereich aus einer achsnormalen Ebene in Richtung des von ihm zu betätigenden Ventiles gekrümmt ist. Durch die Nockenkrümmung kann bei einer entsprechenden Abstimmung auf die Jeweiligen geometrischen Verhältnisse in einfacher Weise erreicht werden, daß der Tassenstößel stets mittig belastet wird, was auch bei vergleichsweise großen Neigungswinkeln zwischen den einzelnen Ventilen eine kippmomentfreie Lagerung der Tassenstößel erlaubt.Furthermore, it can be provided within the scope of the invention that each of the conical cams in the raised area is curved from a plane normal to the axis in the direction of the valve to be actuated by it. With a corresponding adjustment to the respective geometrical conditions, the cam curvature can be achieved in a simple manner that the bucket tappet is always loaded in the center, which allows the bucket tappets to be supported without tilting moment even with comparatively large angles of inclination between the individual valves.

Die Erfindung erstreckt sich auch darauf, daß die Nocken auf der Nockenwelle zur Einstellung des Ventilspieles axial verschiebbar gelagert sind. Es entfällt daher die Notwendigkeit, das Ventilspiel beispielsweise durch Distanzscheiben zwischen Tassenstößel und Ventilschaft einzustellen.The invention also extends to the fact that the cams are axially displaceably mounted on the camshaft for adjusting the valve clearance. There is therefore no need to adjust the valve clearance, for example by means of spacers between the tappet and the valve stem.

In der Zeichnung ist ein nicht beschränkendes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigen

  • Figur 1 eine Ventilsteuerung für einen mehrzylindrigen Reihenmotor in schematischer Draufsicht,
  • Figur 2 eine Queransicht der Ventilsteuerung nach Figur 1,
  • Figur 3 einen Längsschnitt durch die Einlaßventilreihe in Schnittebene 111 der Figur 2 und
  • Figur 4 einen Teillängsschnitt durch die Auslaßventilreihe in Schnittebene IV der Figur 2.
In the drawing, a non-limiting embodiment of the invention is shown. Show it
  • FIG. 1 shows a valve control for a multi-cylinder in-line engine in a schematic plan view,
  • FIG. 2 shows a transverse view of the valve control according to FIG. 1,
  • 3 shows a longitudinal section through the row of inlet valves in the sectional plane 111 of FIGS
  • FIG. 4 shows a partial longitudinal section through the exhaust valve row in section plane IV of FIG. 2.

Für jeden Zylinder einer Zylinderreihe einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine 1 ist ein kugelkalottenförmiger Verbrennungsraum 2 mit je vier Ventilen 3, 4 vorgesehen. Jeweils einander gegenüberliegend sind zwei Ventile für die Steuerung der parallel zur Zylinderachse verlaufenden Einlaßkanäle 5 als Einlaßventile 3 ausgebildet. Die ebenfalls einander gegenüberliegenden Auslaßventile 4 steuern die etwa radial zur Zylinderachse ausmündenden Auslaßkanäle 6. Die Ventilschäfte 3', 4' und die Ventilführungen 3", 4" aller Ventile 3, 4 sind schräg auseinanderstrebend angeordnet und bilden in Draufsicht gesehen ein rechtwinkeliges Kreuz.A spherical cap-shaped combustion chamber 2 with four valves 3, 4 is provided for each cylinder of a row of cylinders of an internal combustion engine 1. Opposite each other, two valves for controlling the inlet channels 5 running parallel to the cylinder axis are designed as inlet valves 3. The also opposite exhaust valves 4 control the approximately radially opening to the cylinder axis outlet channels 6. The valve stems 3 ', 4' and the valve guides 3 ", 4" of all valves 3, 4 are arranged diagonally apart and form a right-angled cross seen in plan view.

Gegenüber der Längsmittelebene der Zylinderreihe sind die Ventile 3, 4 bzw. das von deren Schäften 3', 4' gebildete Kreuz um einen Winkel von etwa 15 bis 30° verdreht, so daß die Zylinder eng aneinander gerückt sein können, wie dies zur Unterbringung der Einlaßkanäle 5 und der Zugänglichkeit der Zündkerze 8 bei genügenden Wandstärken vertretbar ist.Compared to the longitudinal center plane of the row of cylinders, the valves 3, 4 or the cross formed by their shafts 3 ', 4' are rotated by an angle of about 15 to 30 °, so that the cylinders can be moved close together, as is the case with the Inlet channels 5 and the zu Accessibility of the spark plug 8 is acceptable with sufficient wall thicknesses.

Die Ventilschäfte 3', 4' und die dazugehörigen Tassenstößel 7 eines Zylinders greifen dabei zwischen die Ventilschäfte und Tassenstößel des bzw. der jeweils benachbarten Zylinder ein, ohne diese in ihrer Bewegungsfreiheit zu beeinträchtigen.The valve stems 3 ', 4' and the associated tappets 7 of a cylinder engage between the valve stems and tappets of the adjacent cylinder or cylinders without impairing their freedom of movement.

Zur Steuerung der Ventile sind zu beiden Seiten der Längsmittelebene der Zylinderreihe, die in Figur 1 durch die Achsen der Züridkerzengewinde 8 bestimmt ist, je zwei Nockenwellen 9 und 10 angeordnet.To control the valves, two camshafts 9 and 10 are arranged on both sides of the longitudinal center plane of the row of cylinders, which is determined in FIG. 1 by the axes of the tapered thread 8.

Jede dieser Nockenwellen 9 und 10 wird über eine durch die Ineinanderschachtelung der Ventile 3, 4 in Figur 2 gebildeten Ventilreihen I, II, 111, IV (Fig. 2) gelegt und zwar derart, daß sie in der durch die Ventile 3, 4 gleicher Funktion entstehenden Ventilreihe I, 11, 111, IV und den Ventilschäften 3', 4' gebildeten Ebene wirkt. Es betätigen daher die beiden äußeren Nockenwellen 9 die Auslaßventile 4, wogegen die beiden der Längsmittelebene näheren Nockenwellen 10 den Einlaßventilen 3 zugeordnet sind.Each of these camshafts 9 and 10 is placed over a valve series I, II, 111, IV (FIG. 2) formed by the nesting of the valves 3, 4 in FIG. 2, in such a way that they are the same as in the valves 3, 4 Function arising valve row I, 11, 111, IV and the valve stems 3 ', 4' formed plane acts. The two outer camshafts 9 therefore actuate the exhaust valves 4, whereas the two camshafts 10 closer to the longitudinal center plane are assigned to the intake valves 3.

Da die Ventile 3 bzw. 4 gleicher Funktion mehrerer Zylinder (vgl. Figur 3 und Figur 4) in ihrer gemeinsamen Ebene zur Nockenwelle 9 bzw. 10 in einem schrägen Winkel stehen, erfolgt ihre Betätigung über kegelig geschliffene Nocken 11, deren Nockenhub 12 dem Schrägwinkel des zugeordneten Ventilschaftes 3', 4' entsprechend gekröpft ist, um das Überlaufen des Nockens 11 auf dem Tassenstößel 7 im weitestgehend mittigen Bereich desselben zu ermöglichen. Die Belastung der Tassenstößel 7 bleibt daher in jeder Hublage zentrisch.Since the valves 3 and 4 of the same function of several cylinders (see FIGS. 3 and 4) are at an oblique angle in their common plane to the camshafts 9 and 10, they are actuated via conically ground cams 11, the cam stroke 12 of which is the oblique angle of the associated valve stem 3 ', 4' is cranked accordingly in order to enable the cam 11 to overflow on the tappet 7 in the largely central region thereof. The load on the tappet 7 therefore remains centric in every stroke position.

Claims (3)

1. Valve control for internal combustion engines with at least one cylinder row, which includes four valves arranged mutually inclined for each cylinder, namely for each two inlet valves and two exhaust valves lying opposite to one another, wherein the planes determined by the axes of the opposed valves are rotated about the cylinder axes through an angle of 15-30° with respect to the longitudinal centre plane of the internal combustion engine or to the transverse planes running through the cylinder axes, and in which there is provided for each a cam shaft on one side of the longitudinal centre plane of the internal combustion engine, which is arranged in the plane of the valves of like function operated thereby, characterised in that the valves (3, 4) arranged on each side of the longitudinal centre plane of the internal combustion engine have associated therewith on each side of this longitudinal centre plane two cam shafts (9, 10) operating them, in that each of the four cam shafts (9, 10) is arranged in one each of the valve rows (I, II, III, IV) formed by the valves (3, 4) of like function operated thereby and the planes formed by their valve stems (3', 4'), and in that the cams (11) of the cam shafts (9, 10) are conically formed and act on the cup tappets (7) operating the valves (3, 4).
2. Valve control according to claim 1, characterised in that each of the conically formed cams (11) is curved in the lift region (12) out of a plane normal to the axis in the direction of the valve (3, 4) to be operated thereby.
3. Valve control according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the cams (11) on each cam shaft (9, 10) are mounted axially adjustable for setting the valve clearance.
EP86890051A 1985-03-18 1986-03-10 Valve control for internal-combustion engines Expired EP0197914B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79585A AT399021B (en) 1985-03-18 1985-03-18 VALVE CONTROL FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
AT795/85 1985-03-18

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EP0197914A1 EP0197914A1 (en) 1986-10-15
EP0197914B1 true EP0197914B1 (en) 1988-05-25

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Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT404388B (en) * 1986-02-20 1998-11-25 Weichsler Hermann INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
JP2733660B2 (en) * 1988-01-18 1998-03-30 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 Combustion chamber of multi-valve engine
FR2740171B1 (en) * 1995-10-18 1998-05-15 Debs Sylvain VALVE OPERATION DEVICE AND RADIAL VALVE MULTICYLINDER THERMAL ENGINE USING SUCH AN OPERATION DEVICE

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB226442A (en) * 1924-06-12 1924-12-24 Montague Stanley Napier Improvements in or relating to internal combustion engines
AT150188B (en) * 1935-12-20 1937-07-10 Ludwig Apfelbeck Cylinder head for mixture-compressing four-stroke internal combustion engines.
AT174503B (en) * 1950-04-28 1953-04-10 Ludwig Apfelbeck Internal combustion engine
DE953672C (en) * 1952-05-07 1956-12-06 Daimler Benz Ag Valve control for internal combustion engines
DE1243456B (en) * 1966-03-24 1967-06-29 Paul Icking Device for weight-dosed feeding of animals
DE1300578B (en) * 1966-12-24 1969-08-07 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Valve control for internal combustion engines

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB375459A (en) * 1931-04-07 1932-06-30 Frank Albert George Butters Improvements in or relating to the valve mechanism of internal combustion engines
DE1301656B (en) * 1966-08-13 1969-08-21 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Cylinder head for internal combustion engines
IT1201034B (en) * 1983-02-24 1989-01-27 Mario Anfusio INTERNAL COMBUSTION ALTERNATIVE ENGINE WITH MULTIPLE VALVE CYLINDERS
AT382933B (en) * 1984-03-14 1987-04-27 Weichsler Hermann VALVE ACTUATION FOR LIFTING PISTON - INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB226442A (en) * 1924-06-12 1924-12-24 Montague Stanley Napier Improvements in or relating to internal combustion engines
AT150188B (en) * 1935-12-20 1937-07-10 Ludwig Apfelbeck Cylinder head for mixture-compressing four-stroke internal combustion engines.
AT174503B (en) * 1950-04-28 1953-04-10 Ludwig Apfelbeck Internal combustion engine
DE953672C (en) * 1952-05-07 1956-12-06 Daimler Benz Ag Valve control for internal combustion engines
DE1243456B (en) * 1966-03-24 1967-06-29 Paul Icking Device for weight-dosed feeding of animals
DE1300578B (en) * 1966-12-24 1969-08-07 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Valve control for internal combustion engines

Also Published As

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AT399021B (en) 1995-03-27
EP0197914A1 (en) 1986-10-15
DE3660224D1 (en) 1988-06-30
ATA79585A (en) 1994-07-15

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