EP0197812A1 - Heat exchanger having helically coiled tubes provided with means for tube supporting - Google Patents

Heat exchanger having helically coiled tubes provided with means for tube supporting Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0197812A1
EP0197812A1 EP86400497A EP86400497A EP0197812A1 EP 0197812 A1 EP0197812 A1 EP 0197812A1 EP 86400497 A EP86400497 A EP 86400497A EP 86400497 A EP86400497 A EP 86400497A EP 0197812 A1 EP0197812 A1 EP 0197812A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
perforations
heat exchanger
plates
axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86400497A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0197812B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Carnoy
Bernard Mathieu
Charley Renaux
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Publication of EP0197812A1 publication Critical patent/EP0197812A1/en
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Publication of EP0197812B1 publication Critical patent/EP0197812B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/028—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of at least one medium being helically coiled, the coils having a conical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
    • F28F9/0132—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies formed by slats, tie-rods, articulated or expandable rods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0054—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for nuclear applications

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger whose helically wound tubes are provided with improved support devices.
  • the great flexibility of the helically wound tubes requires that they be held by very close supporting devices.
  • These support devices must ensure permanent clamping of the tubes in order to avoid their entry into vibration caused by the flow of fluid around the tubes. Since the turns of tubes have no lateral stiffness, the support devices must also hold them transversely, in particular in the event of a horizontal earthquake.
  • the layers of tubes wound in helices can be at different temperatures under certain operating conditions. The tube support devices must therefore allow differential radial expansion between the layers.
  • the supporting devices must be designed in such a way that, even in the event of the parts constituting them breaking, debris cannot be dispersed in the circuit.
  • the prestressing ensuring cold tightening of the tube is obtained by tightening the screws.
  • the tightening force is therefore not homogeneous from one screw to another since it depends on the quality of the thread thereof.
  • the clamping force decreases when hot due to the differential expansion between the screws and the tubes.
  • document CH-B-491313 discloses a technique for holding the tubes of an exchanger using a support plate pierced with cylindrical holes.
  • the tubes are held in these holes by an assembly formed by a socket and a sleeve preferably having complementary frustoconical surfaces and joined together either by welds or by folded tabs.
  • the present invention specifically relates to a heat exchanger whose exchange tubes are wound in a helix and supported by devices ensuring the same functions as the known devices while being composed of simpler parts, the cost of manufacturing and mounting is less and does not have the drawbacks of known devices.
  • a heat exchanger comprising tubes, at least one support plate comprising perforations through which the tubes pass, and at least one frustoconical retaining sleeve placed around the tubes in each of the perforations.
  • the tubes are wound in helix in successive layers around a common axis, each layer of tubes crossing a row of perforations formed in a different support plate, said perforations being open radially with respect to said axis, over a width slightly greater than the external diameter of the tubes, pieces of connection being placed between the support plates of two successive layers of tubes, said parts allowing relative movement between the plates in a radial direction relative to said axis, while ensuring relative support between the plates in a transverse direction orthogonal to said axis and to said radial direction.
  • the perforations formed in the support plates can be either frustoconical or cylindrical.
  • a single socket, of frustoconical external surface, placed around the tubes in each of the perforations is sufficient, but the machining of the perforations is relatively delicate.
  • the machining of the perforations is simpler but two sockets of complementary shape must be placed coaxially around the tubes in each of the perforations.
  • each of the sockets can be formed either of two half-shells, or of an open shell having a C-shaped section.
  • these these can advantageously comprise at least one tab and at least one notch arranged in such a way that they interlock with one another to form each of the sockets.
  • the crimping of the sockets on the support plates is preferably carried out by folding against them tabs formed at one end of lesser thickness of each of the sockets.
  • the sockets can be split over part of their length.
  • the connecting pieces are integral with each of the support plates and protrude radially with respect to the axis of the exchanger in holes of the same width formed in the plate adjacent support for the next layer.
  • the connecting pieces are mounted in each of the support plates so as to be able to move radially relative to said axis between a retracted mounting position and a holding position in which these pieces are in abutment against surfaces bearing formed on the adjacent support plate of the previous layer and prevent relative movement between the plates in said transverse direction.
  • the movement of the connecting pieces from the retracted position to the holding position is then controlled by push rods oriented radially relative to the axis of the exchanger and sliding in support plates.
  • the heat exchanger 10 shown by way of nonlimiting example in FIG. 1 is a steam generator intended to be used in a fast neutron nuclear reactor, between the secondary circuit of liquid metal and the water-steam circuit of the reactor . It will however be understood that the invention applies to any heat exchanger whose tubes are wound in a helix, whatever its field of use.
  • the heat exchanger 10 comprises an external cylindrical casing 12, of vertical axis, in which the primary fluid, consisting of liquid sodium in the example under consideration, is made to flow between pipes. inlet 14 and outlet 16.
  • the secondary liquid constituted here by water and steam, circulates from bottom to top inside the casing 12 of the exchanger in a bundle of tubes 18. These tubes 18 open at their lower ends into water inlet collectors 20 and, at their upper end, into steam outlet collectors 22.
  • the latter are wound in a helix over most of the height of the casing 12. More precisely, the helices formed by the tubes 22 are distributed in successive layers in the annular space formed between the outer casing 12 and a central core 28, around the vertical axis of the exchanger.
  • devices for holding the tubes in their helically wound part are distributed regularly around the vertical axis of the exchanger, at least every eighth of a turn.
  • These holding devices are designated by the general reference 24 on the encircled and enlarged part of FIG. 1.
  • the holding devices 24 consist of separate pieces for each of the layers of tubes, the pieces of two adjacent layers being interconnected by means which will be described later.
  • the devices 24 are suspended from radial beams 26 placed above the helical part of the tubes, these beams 26 being themselves fixed to the central core 28 of the 'exchanger.
  • each of the devices 24 comprises, for each of the layers of tubes 18, and 18 2 , a support plate 30, and 30 2 respectively, of rectangular section, arranged vertically. Rows of perforations 32 whose internal diameter is slightly greater than the external diameter of the tubes 18, 18 2 are produced at regular intervals in the support plates 30 1 3D 2 .
  • the tubes 18 ,, 18 2 of the same layer pass through the successive perforations 32 ,, 32 2 of the corresponding plate 30 ,, 302, so that the spacing between these perforations corresponds to the spacing between the turns successive of the same layer of tubes.
  • the perforations 32 ,, 32 z are of slightly frustoconical shape and a deformable retaining sleeve 34 having a frustoconical outer surface complementary to the interior surface of the perforations is placed around the tubes 18 ,, 18 2 , in each of these perforations.
  • the inner face of each of the sockets 34 of cylindrical shape, has a diameter approximately equal to the outside diameter of the tubes. Different embodiments of the sockets 34 will be described later with reference to FIGS. 4A to 4D.
  • the perforations 32 ,, 32 2 , etc ... formed in the support plates 30 ,, 302, etc ... are open radially towards the inside of these plates. More specifically, the openings 32 ,, 322 open onto the internal face of the corresponding support plate 30 ,, 30 2 by a longitudinal opening 31 ,, 312 whose width is between the external diameter of the tubes 18 ,, 18 2 and the minimum internal diameter of the perforations 32 ,, 322.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to simplify the mounting of the tubes 18 in the support plates since each of the plates can be placed directly on the tubes wound in a helix, through the openings 31 1 , 31 2 .
  • the support devices 24 must ensure transverse holding of the turns, that is to say prevent any movement of the latter in a transverse direction zz 'orthogonal to the vertical axis xx' of the exchanger and in a radial direction yy ′ with respect thereto and passing through the support device considered.
  • a relative displacement between the turns of the successive layers must be authorized to take account of a possible differential expansion between these layers. It is therefore necessary to connect the support plates 30, 30 2 associated with successive layers of tubes by connecting pieces of a particular type.
  • FIG. 2 represents a first possible embodiment of these connecting pieces.
  • the connecting pieces are constituted by pins 38, 38 2 , respectively secured to the plates 30, and 30 2 , and which project radially from the external faces of these plates.
  • the pins 38, of the plate 30, enter holes 402 formed at the same level on the internal face of the adjacent support plate 302.
  • the connection between the other adjacent plates of the devices 24 is carried out in a similar manner.
  • the width of the holes 40 in the transverse direction zz ' is practically equal to the diameter of the pins 38, 38 2 , so that any relative displacement between the layers in this transverse direction is prevented.
  • a certain clearance is preferably provided in a direction parallel to the vertical axis of the exchanger.
  • the holes 40 ,, 402 can be either oblong holes - ( Figure 2), or grooves oriented in this direction. It is clear that this structure allows a certain differential expansion between the different layers formed by the tubes.
  • the tubes 182 are put in place.
  • the support plates 30 z are then placed by moving them radially towards the axis xx 'so as to introduce each tube 182 into a perforation 322 through the opening 31 2 of the latter.
  • the connection between the successive layers is carried out simultaneously thanks to the penetration of the pins 38, into the holes 40 2 .
  • the screwing of the tubes is thus avoided.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown on the contrary a support device whose support plates 30 ,, 30 2 , 30 3 are connected from one layer to the other by movable connecting pieces between a position retracted allowing the mounting and a holding position ensuring the desired connection between the plates of the adjacent layers when the mounting is completed.
  • the connecting pieces 1382, 138 3 have the form of coils, the central part 138a of rectangular section of which is slidably received in a horizontal groove 142 2 , 142 3 , formed on the internal face of the corresponding plate 30 2 , 30 3 .
  • the ends 138b of the parts 138 2 , 138 3 have the form of discs and are in contact with each of the lateral faces of the support plates.
  • the mounting of the different parts can be done as described above, if the radial openings 31 1 , 312 of the perforations 32 ,, 32 2 are oriented towards the axis xx '.
  • an assembly is formed consisting of a layer of tubes on which the plates 30 2 , 30 3 are fitted, in which the connecting pieces 1382, 138 3 are housed. This assembly is then threaded parallel to the vertical axis xx 'of the exchanger on the previous layer 18, previously assembled.
  • the connecting pieces 138 2 , 1383 are then pushed into a second position shown in FIG. 3, in which the central part 138a is distant from the bottom of the groove 142 2 , 1423, the end discs 138b then coming to cover the faces side plates 30, 30 z of the previous layer.
  • This movement of the parts 1382 1383 is controlled by rods such as 1442 oriented radially and housed in a sliding manner in the plates 30 2 , 30,.
  • Each of the rods 144 2 is supported by one of its ends on the central part 138a of one of the parts 138 2 , 138 3 .
  • the length of each rod 144 2 is such that its other end is flush with the external face of the plate 302 which supports it when the part 138 2 occupies the holding position shown in FIG. 3. In this way, the positioning of the plates 30, from the next layer has the effect of locking the parts 1382, housed in the plates 302 in their holding position.
  • This structure is repeated at each of the layers of tubes and therefore ensures the desired
  • the parts 1382, 1383 in the form of coils lock each of the layers with respect to the previous layer in the transverse direction zz 'defined above, at the corresponding device 24.
  • a differential expansion between the different layers of the tubes is still possible.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4D various alternative embodiments of the holding sockets 34 are shown, which are placed around the tubes 18, in each of the perforations 32 of the plates 30.
  • the holding sleeve 34 is formed by two half-shells 34a and 34b each having, in section, substantially the shape of a semicircle.
  • the variant of FIG. 4D represents a socket constituted by a single shell 34c, open at 39 over its entire length and having a C-shaped section.
  • the opening 39 formed in the shell 34c has a width slightly greater than the outer diameter of the tube, which allows the socket to be fitted laterally onto the tube.
  • the deformable nature of the sockets is obtained by the fact that they consist of at least one shell having an open section.
  • FIG. 4A an alternative embodiment corresponding to that which has been described above with reference to FIG. 2 has been shown.
  • the crimping tongues 36 are only formed on the less thick part of the sockets which makes protrusion out of the perforations of the retaining plates.
  • the notches 37 which separate the crimping tongues 36 extend over a large part of the length of the socket 34, which gives it more flexibility and consequently improves the clamping between the tubes and the support plates.
  • the sleeve shown in FIG. 4D can also be split over a large part of its length in accordance with this variant.
  • each of the half-shells comprises at least one tab 33 on one of its edges adjacent to the another half-shell and at least one notch 35 on the opposite edge.
  • the tongues 33 and the notches 35 are further arranged so that the tongue of a half-shell fits into the notch of the other half-shell, and vice versa.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates by way of nonlimiting example a possible combination of the different variants described above.
  • the sockets 34 which are introduced into each of the perforations 32 around the tubes 18 are produced in the form of a single shell 34c as illustrated in FIG. 4D.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the mobile connecting parts described above with reference to FIG. 3.
  • the coil-shaped parts are replaced by retractable pins 238 which slide radially along their axis in a hole of the same diameter formed on the internal face of the plate 30, between a retracted mounting position and a holding position.
  • the pin 238 projects beyond the internal face of the plate 30 into a corresponding hole 240 formed on the external face of the adjacent plate 30.
  • This hole 240 can be made in the form of an oblong hole or a groove, in the same way as the hole 40 in the embodiment of Figure 2.
  • push rods 244 oriented radially, slide in the plates 30 and bear against the pins 238, so as to push them and keep them in their holding position when the plates 30 of the next layer are put in place.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B another possible embodiment of the invention has been shown, which can be combined with all the variants described above, and which is essentially distinguished from these by the fact that the open perforations 132 which are formed in the plate 30 are cylindrical in shape.
  • This configuration obviously has the advantage of simplifying the manufacture of the plates 30.
  • it requires, as the figures illustrate, to have around the tubes 18, in each of these perforations 132, an internal sleeve 24 and an external sleeve 124 arranged coaxially and in opposite directions inside the perforations.
  • the internal sleeve 24 is produced completely identical to the sockets 24 described above. Its essential characteristic is that its internal surface is cylindrical while its external surface is slightly frustoconical.
  • the external sleeve 124 is produced in turn in a complementary manner, that is to say that its internal surface is frustoconical and complementary to the external surface of the sleeve 24, while its external surface is cylindrical and has a diameter equal to the internal diameter of the perforations 132.
  • each of the sockets 24 and 124 are inserted in the opposite direction into each of the perforations 132 and they are therefore crimped on the opposite lateral faces of the plates 30. This secures the tubes in the plates. improved.
  • each of the sockets 24 and 124 can be produced according to any of the variants described above with reference to FIGS. 4A to 4D.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

1. Heat exchanger having tubes (18), support plates (30) with perforations (32, 132) traversed by the tubes and frustum-shaped securing bushes (24, 124), at least one of these bushes being placed around each tube in a perforation (32, 132) formed in a corresponding support plate (30) and crimped on said support plate, characterized in that the tubes (18) are helically wound in successive layers about a common axis (x, x'), each layer of tubes (18) traversing a row of perforations (32, 132) formed in a different support plate (30), the said perforations (32, 132) being radially open (31) with respect to said axis (x, x') over a width slightly exceeding the external diameter of the tubes (18), connecting parts (38, 138, 238) being placed between the support plates of two layers of successive tubes, said parts allowing a relative displacement between the plates in a radial direction (y, y') with respect to said axis (x, x') whilst still providing a relative securing effect between the plates in a transverse direction (z, z') orthogonal to said axis (x, x') and to said radial direction (y, y').

Description

La présente invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur dont les tubes enroulés en hélice sont munis de dispositifs perfectionnés de supportage.The present invention relates to a heat exchanger whose helically wound tubes are provided with improved support devices.

Dans les échangeurs de chaleur tels que les générateurs de vapeur qui équipent les réacteurs nucléaires, l'échange thermique entre le fluide primaire et le fluide secondaire s'effectue au travers des parois d'un faisceau de tubes autour desquels circule l'un des fluides alors que l'autre fluide circule à l'intérieur des tubes. Afin d'améliorer la surface d'échange pour un encombrement donné, on utilise fréquemment des tubes de grande longueur enroulés en hélices en couches successives autour de l'axe vertical de l'échangeur.In heat exchangers such as the steam generators which equip nuclear reactors, the heat exchange between the primary fluid and the secondary fluid takes place through the walls of a bundle of tubes around which one of the fluids circulates. while the other fluid circulates inside the tubes. In order to improve the exchange surface for a given size, very long tubes are frequently used wound in helices in successive layers around the vertical axis of the exchanger.

Dans une telle configuration, la grande souplesse des tubes enroulés en hélice exige qu'ils soient maintenus par des dispositifs de supportage très rapprochés. Ces dispositifs de supportage doivent assurer un serrage permanent des tubes afin d'éviter leur entrée en vibration provoquée par l'écoulement du fluide autour des tubes. Les spires de tubes n'ayant pas de raideur latérale, les dispositifs de supportage doivent également les maintenir transversalement, notamment en cas de séisme horizontal. En revanche, les couches de tubes enroulés en hélices peuvent être à des températures différentes dans certaines conditions de fonctionnement. Les dispositifs de supportage des tubes doivent donc autoriser une dilatation radiale différentielle entre les couches. Enfin, les dispositifs de supportage doivent être conçus de telle sorte que, même en cas de rupture des pièces qui les constituent, les débris ne puissent se disperser dans le circuit.In such a configuration, the great flexibility of the helically wound tubes requires that they be held by very close supporting devices. These support devices must ensure permanent clamping of the tubes in order to avoid their entry into vibration caused by the flow of fluid around the tubes. Since the turns of tubes have no lateral stiffness, the support devices must also hold them transversely, in particular in the event of a horizontal earthquake. On the other hand, the layers of tubes wound in helices can be at different temperatures under certain operating conditions. The tube support devices must therefore allow differential radial expansion between the layers. Finally, the supporting devices must be designed in such a way that, even in the event of the parts constituting them breaking, debris cannot be dispersed in the circuit.

Actuellement, dans les générateurs de vapeur à tubes héiico'tdaux équipant les réacteurs nucléaires, le maintien des tubes est généralement réalisé au moyen de peignes verticaux sur lesquels les tubes de chaque couche sont plaqués par des cavaliers reliés aux peignes par des vis. La tenue latérale des spires, ainsi que leur dilatation différentielle d'une couche à l'autre, est obtenue grâce à un emboîtement de chacun des peignes dans un embrèvement prismatique formé sur le cavalier de la couche précédente. Cette solution est illustrée notamment par le document DE-A-2 601 645.Currently, in steam generators with héiico'tdaux tubes equipping nuclear reactors, the maintenance of the tubes is generally achieved by means of vertical combs on which the tubes of each layer are plated by jumpers connected to the combs by screws. The lateral holding of the turns, as well as their differential expansion from one layer to the other, is obtained by fitting each of the combs into a prismatic recess formed on the rider of the previous layer. This solution is illustrated in particular by document DE-A-2 601 645.

Dans cette solution connue, la précontrainte assurant à froid le serrage du tube est obtenue par serrage des vis. A couple constant, l'effort de serrage n'est donc pas homogène d'une vis à l'autre puisqu'il dépend de la qualité du filetage de celle-ci. En outre, l'effort de serrage diminue à chaud par suite de la dilatation différentielle entre les vis et les tubes.In this known solution, the prestressing ensuring cold tightening of the tube is obtained by tightening the screws. At constant torque, the tightening force is therefore not homogeneous from one screw to another since it depends on the quality of the thread thereof. In addition, the clamping force decreases when hot due to the differential expansion between the screws and the tubes.

D'autre part, dans cette solution connue, il n'y a pas de moyen de centrage autre que les vis entre chaque cavalier et le peigne sur lequel il est fixé. L'alignement de tous les cavaliers d'une même couche n'est donc pas assuré dans les tolérances requises, de sorte que l'emboîtage des peignes de la couche suivante est difficile à réaliser. Par conséquent, cet emboîtage produit un effort de cisaillement qui provoque la flexion des vis ainsi que le frottement des peignes et des cavaliers sur les tubes.On the other hand, in this known solution, there is no centering means other than the screws between each jumper and the comb on which it is fixed. The alignment of all the jumpers of the same layer is therefore not ensured within the required tolerances, so that fitting the combs of the next layer is difficult to achieve. Consequently, this fitting produces a shearing force which causes the bending of the screws as well as the friction of the combs and the jumpers on the tubes.

Un autre inconvénient des dispositifs de supportage des tubes utilisant des peignes et des cavaliers reliés par des vis est leur coût de fabrication et de montage qui est très élevé, compte tenu à la fois de la complexité de l'usinage des peignes et des cavaliers et du temps nécessaire à la mise en place des cavaliers et au serrage des vis lors du montage.Another drawback of the tube support devices using combs and jumpers connected by screws is their manufacturing and mounting cost which is very high, taking into account both the complexity of the machining of the combs and the jumpers and of the time required to install the jumpers and tighten the screws during assembly.

Par ailleurs, on connaît du document CH-B-491313 une technique de maintien des tubes d'un échangeur utilisant une plaque support percée de trous cylindriques. Les tubes sont maintenus dans ces trous par un assemblage formé d'une douille et d'un manchon présentant de préférence des surfaces complémentaires tronconiques et solidarisés entre eux soit par des soudures, soit par des pattes repliées.Furthermore, document CH-B-491313 discloses a technique for holding the tubes of an exchanger using a support plate pierced with cylindrical holes. The tubes are held in these holes by an assembly formed by a socket and a sleeve preferably having complementary frustoconical surfaces and joined together either by welds or by folded tabs.

Cependant, dans le cas de tubes enroulés en hélice, le montage des tubes dans les plaques support ne peut se faire que par vissage, ce qui est long et délicat. De plus, un faible déplacement des tubes selon leurs axes reste possible.However, in the case of helically wound tubes, the mounting of the tubes in the support plates can only be done by screwing, which is long and delicate. In addition, a slight displacement of the tubes along their axes remains possible.

La présente invention a précisément pour objet un échangeur de chaleur dont les tubes d'échange sont enroulés en hélice et supportés par des dispositifs assurant les mêmes fonctions que les dispositifs connus tout en étant composés de pièces plus simples, dont le coût de fabrication et de montage est moindre et ne présentant pas les inconvénients des dispositifs connus.The present invention specifically relates to a heat exchanger whose exchange tubes are wound in a helix and supported by devices ensuring the same functions as the known devices while being composed of simpler parts, the cost of manufacturing and mounting is less and does not have the drawbacks of known devices.

A cet effet et conformément à l'invention, il est proposé un échangeur de chaleur comportant des tubes, au moins une plaque support comportant des perforations traversées par les tubes, et au moins une douille de maintien tronconique placée autour des tubes dans chacune des perforations et sertie sur la plaque support correspondante, caractérisé en ce que les tubes sont enroulés en hélice en couches successives autour d'un axe commun, chaque couche de tubes traversant une rangée de perforations formée dans une plaque support différente, lesdites perforations étant ouvertes radialement par rapport audit axe, sur une largeur légèrement supérieure au diamètre externe des tubes, des pièces de liaison étant placées entre les plaques support de deux couches de tubes successives, lesdites pièces autorisant un déplacement relatif entre les plaques selon une direction radiale par rapport audit axe, tout en assurant un maintien relatif entre les plaques selon une direction transversale orthogonale audit axe et à ladite direction radiale.To this end and in accordance with the invention, there is provided a heat exchanger comprising tubes, at least one support plate comprising perforations through which the tubes pass, and at least one frustoconical retaining sleeve placed around the tubes in each of the perforations. and crimped onto the corresponding support plate, characterized in that the tubes are wound in helix in successive layers around a common axis, each layer of tubes crossing a row of perforations formed in a different support plate, said perforations being open radially with respect to said axis, over a width slightly greater than the external diameter of the tubes, pieces of connection being placed between the support plates of two successive layers of tubes, said parts allowing relative movement between the plates in a radial direction relative to said axis, while ensuring relative support between the plates in a transverse direction orthogonal to said axis and to said radial direction.

Dans un échangeur de chaleur réalisé de cette manière, les perforations formées dans les plaques support peuvent être soit tronconiques soit cylindriques. Dans le premier cas, il suffit d'une seule douille, de surface externe tronconique, placée autour des tubes dans chacune des perforations, mais l'usinage des perforations est relativement délicat. Au contraire, dans le deuxième cas, l'usinage des perforations est plus simple mais deux douilles de forme complémentaire doivent être placées coaxialement autour des tubes dans chacune des perforations.In a heat exchanger produced in this way, the perforations formed in the support plates can be either frustoconical or cylindrical. In the first case, a single socket, of frustoconical external surface, placed around the tubes in each of the perforations is sufficient, but the machining of the perforations is relatively delicate. On the contrary, in the second case, the machining of the perforations is simpler but two sockets of complementary shape must be placed coaxially around the tubes in each of the perforations.

Conformément un autre aspect de l'invention, chacune des douilles peut être formée soit de deux demi-coquilles, soit d'une coquille ouverte présentant une section en forme de C. Lorsque les douilles sont formées chacune de deux demi-coquilles, celles-ci peuvent comprendre avantageusement au moins une languette et au moins une encoche disposées de telle sorte qu'elles s'em- boitent l'une dans l'autre pour former chacune des douilles.According to another aspect of the invention, each of the sockets can be formed either of two half-shells, or of an open shell having a C-shaped section. When the sockets are each formed of two half-shells, these these can advantageously comprise at least one tab and at least one notch arranged in such a way that they interlock with one another to form each of the sockets.

Le sertissage des douilles sur les plaques support est réalisé de préférence en rabattant contre celles-ci des languettes formées à une extrémité de moindre épaisseur de chacune des douilles.The crimping of the sockets on the support plates is preferably carried out by folding against them tabs formed at one end of lesser thickness of each of the sockets.

Afin d'améliorer le serrage, les douilles peuvent être fendues sur une partie de leur longueur.In order to improve the tightening, the sockets can be split over part of their length.

Dans une première variante de réalisation, les pièces de liaison, constituées par exemple par des pions, sont solidaires de chacune des plaques support et font saillie radialement par rapport à l'axe de l'échangeur dans des trous de même largeur formés dans la plaque support adjacente de la couche suivante.In a first alternative embodiment, the connecting pieces, constituted for example by pins, are integral with each of the support plates and protrude radially with respect to the axis of the exchanger in holes of the same width formed in the plate adjacent support for the next layer.

Dans une deuxième variante de réalisation, les pièces de liaison sont montées dans chacune des plaques support de façon à pouvoir se déplacer radialement par rapport audit axe entre une position rétractée de montage et une position de maintien dans laquelle ces pièces sont en butée contre des surfaces d'appui formées sur la plaque support adjacente de la couche précédente et empêchent un déplacement relatif entre les plaques selon ladite direction transversale. Le déplacement des pièces de liaison de la position rétractée vers la position de maintien est alors commandé par des tiges de poussée orientées radialement par rapport à l'axe de l'échangeur et coulissant dans des plaques support.In a second alternative embodiment, the connecting pieces are mounted in each of the support plates so as to be able to move radially relative to said axis between a retracted mounting position and a holding position in which these pieces are in abutment against surfaces bearing formed on the adjacent support plate of the previous layer and prevent relative movement between the plates in said transverse direction. The movement of the connecting pieces from the retracted position to the holding position is then controlled by push rods oriented radially relative to the axis of the exchanger and sliding in support plates.

On décrira maintenant, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, différentes variantes de réalisation de l'invention en se référant aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • -la figure 1 est une vue schématique et en coupe partielle d'un échangeur de chaleur dont les tubes sont supportés par des dispositifs réalisés conformément à l'invention, une partie encerclée de l'échangeur étant représentée à plus grande échelle ;
  • -la figure 2 est une vue en perspective représentant à plus grande échelle un premier mode de réalisation du dispositif de supportage selon l'invention dans lequel les pièces de liaison entre les plaques support supportant deux couches adjacentes de tubes sont fixes ;
  • -la figure 3 est une vue en perspective comparable à la figure 2 illustrant un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention dans lequel les pièces de liaison reliant les plaques support associées à deux couches successives de tubes sont mobiles ;
  • -les figures 4A à 4D sont des vues en perspective représentant différents modes de réalisation des douilles utilisées conformément à l'invention pour fixer les tubes dans les plaques support ;
  • -la figure 5 est une vue en perspective illustrant une variante du mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 3 ; et
  • -les figures 6A et 6B sont des vues en coupe, respectivement selon un plan passant par l'axe de l'un des tubes et selon un plan perpendiculaire à cet axe, illustrant une variante de réalisation de l'invention dans laquelle deux douilles sont interposées entre les tubes et chacune des perforations de la plaque.
We will now describe, by way of nonlimiting example, various alternative embodiments of the invention with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view in partial section of a heat exchanger, the tubes of which are supported by devices produced in accordance with the invention, an encircled part of the exchanger being shown on a larger scale;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing on a larger scale a first embodiment of the support device according to the invention in which the connecting pieces between the support plates supporting two adjacent layers of tubes are fixed;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view comparable to FIG. 2 illustrating a second embodiment of the invention in which the connecting pieces connecting the support plates associated with two successive layers of tubes are movable;
  • FIGS. 4A to 4D are perspective views showing different embodiments of the sockets used in accordance with the invention for fixing the tubes in the support plates;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating a variant of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3; and
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B are sectional views, respectively along a plane passing through the axis of one of the tubes and along a plane perpendicular to this axis, illustrating an alternative embodiment of the invention in which two sockets are interposed between the tubes and each of the plate perforations.

L'échangeur de chaleur 10 représenté à titre d'exemple nullement limitatif sur la figure 1 est un générateur de vapeur destiné à être utilisé dans un réacteur nucléaire à neutrons rapides, entre le circuit secondaire de métal liquide et le circuit eau- vapeur du réacteur. On comprendra cependant que l'invention s'applique à tout échangeur de chaleur dont les tubes sont enroulés en hélice, quel que soit son domaine d'utilisation.The heat exchanger 10 shown by way of nonlimiting example in FIG. 1 is a steam generator intended to be used in a fast neutron nuclear reactor, between the secondary circuit of liquid metal and the water-steam circuit of the reactor . It will however be understood that the invention applies to any heat exchanger whose tubes are wound in a helix, whatever its field of use.

De façon bien connue, l'échangeur de chaleur 10 comprend une enveloppe cylindrique externe 12, d'axe vertical, dans laquelle on fait circuler de haut en bas le fluide primaire, constitué par du sodium liquide dans l'exemple considéré, entre des tubulures d'entrée 14 et de sortie 16. Le liquide secondaire, constitué ici par de l'eau et de la vapeur, circule de bas en haut à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 12 de l'échangeur dans un faisceau de tubes 18. Ces tubes 18 débouchent à leur extrémité inférieure dans des collecteurs d'entrée d'eau 20 et, à leur extrémité supérieure, dans des collecteurs de sortie de vapeur 22.As is well known, the heat exchanger 10 comprises an external cylindrical casing 12, of vertical axis, in which the primary fluid, consisting of liquid sodium in the example under consideration, is made to flow between pipes. inlet 14 and outlet 16. The secondary liquid, constituted here by water and steam, circulates from bottom to top inside the casing 12 of the exchanger in a bundle of tubes 18. These tubes 18 open at their lower ends into water inlet collectors 20 and, at their upper end, into steam outlet collectors 22.

Afin d'accroître la surface d'échange entre le fluide primaire circulant autour des tubes et le fluide secondaire circulant dans les tubes, ces derniers sont enroulés en hélice sur la majeure partie de la hauteur de l'enveloppe 12. De façon plus précise, les hélices formées par les tubes 22 sont réparties en couches successives dans l'espace annulaire formé entre l'enveloppe externe 12 et un noyau central 28, autour de l'axe vertical de l'échangeur.In order to increase the exchange surface between the primary fluid circulating around the tubes and the secondary fluid circulating in the tubes, the latter are wound in a helix over most of the height of the casing 12. More precisely, the helices formed by the tubes 22 are distributed in successive layers in the annular space formed between the outer casing 12 and a central core 28, around the vertical axis of the exchanger.

Pour les raisons indiquées précédemment - (souplesse des tubes, risque de vibrations, maintien transversal en cas de séismes, etc.), des dispositifs de maintien des tubes dans leur partie enroulée en hélice sont répartis régulièrement autour de l'axe vertical de l'échangeur, au moins tous les huitièmes de tour. Ces dispositifs de maintien sont désignés par la référence générale 24 sur la partie encerclée et agrandie de la figure 1. Pour des raisons inhérentes au montage, les dispositifs de maintien 24 sont constitués de pièces séparées pour chacune des couches de tubes, les pièces de deux couches adjacentes étant reliées entre elles par des moyens qui seront décrits ultérieurement.For the reasons indicated above - (flexibility of the tubes, risk of vibrations, transverse support in the event of earthquakes, etc.), devices for holding the tubes in their helically wound part are distributed regularly around the vertical axis of the exchanger, at least every eighth of a turn. These holding devices are designated by the general reference 24 on the encircled and enlarged part of FIG. 1. For reasons inherent in the mounting, the holding devices 24 consist of separate pieces for each of the layers of tubes, the pieces of two adjacent layers being interconnected by means which will be described later.

Comme l'illustre la partie encerclée et agrandie de la figure 1, les dispositifs 24 sont suspendus à des poutres radiales 26 placées au-dessus de la partie hélicïdale des tubes, ces poutres 26 étant elles-mêmes fixées sur le noyau central 28 de l'échangeur.As illustrated by the encircled and enlarged part of FIG. 1, the devices 24 are suspended from radial beams 26 placed above the helical part of the tubes, these beams 26 being themselves fixed to the central core 28 of the 'exchanger.

On décrira maintenant plus en détail un premier mode de réalisation des dispositifs de supportage 24 en se référant à la figure 2. Sur cette figure, on a désigné respectivement par les références 18, et 182 les tubes correspondant à deux couches adjacentes, dites première et deuxième couches. Chacun des dispositifs 24, comprend, pour chacune des couches de tubes 18, et 182, une plaque support 30, et 302 respectivement, de section rectangulaire, disposée verticalement. Des rangées de perforations 32 dont le diamètre intérieur est légèrement supérieur au diamètre extérieur des tubes 18,, 182 sont réalisées à intervalles réguliers dans les plaques support 301 3D2. Les tubes 18,, 182 d'une même couche passent dans les perforations successives 32,, 322 de la plaque 30,, 302, correspondante, de telle sorte que l'écartement entre ces perforations correspond à l'écartement entre les spires successives d'une même couche de tubes.A first embodiment of the support devices 24 will now be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 2. In this figure, the tubes corresponding to two adjacent layers, called first, have been designated by the references 18 and 18 2 respectively. and second layers. Each of the devices 24 comprises, for each of the layers of tubes 18, and 18 2 , a support plate 30, and 30 2 respectively, of rectangular section, arranged vertically. Rows of perforations 32 whose internal diameter is slightly greater than the external diameter of the tubes 18, 18 2 are produced at regular intervals in the support plates 30 1 3D 2 . The tubes 18 ,, 18 2 of the same layer pass through the successive perforations 32 ,, 32 2 of the corresponding plate 30 ,, 302, so that the spacing between these perforations corresponds to the spacing between the turns successive of the same layer of tubes.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 2, les perforations 32,, 32z sont de forme légèrement tronconique et une douille de maintien déformable 34 présentant une surface extérieure tronconique complémentaire de la surface intérieure des perforations est placée autour des tubes 18,, 182, dans chacune de ces perforations. La face intérieure de chacune des douilles 34, de forme cylindrique, a un diamètre approximativement égal au diamètre extérieur des tubes. Différents modes de réalisation des douilles 34 seront décrits ultérieurement en se référant aux figures 4A à 4D. On notera simplement à ce stade que, compte tenu du caractère déformable des douilles, les formes tronconiques complémentaires de la surface extérieure des douilles 34 et de la surface intérieure des perforations 32 permet, lors de la mise en place des douilles, de serrer les tubes suffisamment pour les solidariser à ce niveau des plaques support 30,, 302. Cette technique de serrage des tubes présente le double avantage de permettre dans tous les cas un rattrapage des jeux dûs aux tolérances de fabrication et, par un choix approprié de l'acier constituant les plaques support 30,, 302, et les douilles 34, de garantir une augmentation de la force de serrage des tubes lors de la montée en température de l'échangeur.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the perforations 32 ,, 32 z are of slightly frustoconical shape and a deformable retaining sleeve 34 having a frustoconical outer surface complementary to the interior surface of the perforations is placed around the tubes 18 ,, 18 2 , in each of these perforations. The inner face of each of the sockets 34, of cylindrical shape, has a diameter approximately equal to the outside diameter of the tubes. Different embodiments of the sockets 34 will be described later with reference to FIGS. 4A to 4D. It will simply be noted at this stage that, taking into account the deformable nature of the sockets, the frustoconical shapes complementary to the external surface of the sockets 34 and to the internal surface of the perforations 32 makes it possible, during the installation of the sockets, to tighten the tubes enough to secure them at this level of the support plates 30 ,, 30 2 . This technique of clamping the tubes has the double advantage of allowing in all cases a take-up of the clearances due to manufacturing tolerances and, by an appropriate choice of the steel constituting the support plates 30, 302, and the sockets 34, of guarantee an increase in the clamping force of the tubes when the heat exchanger rises.

Selon une caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, les perforations 32,, 322, etc... formées dans les plaques support 30,, 302, etc... sont ouvertes radialement vers l'intérieur de ces plaques. De façon plus précise, les ouvertures 32,, 322 débouchent sur la face interne de la plaque support 30,, 302 correspondante par une ouverture longitudinale 31,, 312 dont la largeur est comprise entre le diamètre externe des tubes 18,, 182 et le diamètre minimum interne des perforations 32,, 322. Cette disposition permet de simplifier le montage des tubes 18 dans les plaques support puisque chacune des plaques peut être mise en place directement sur les tubes enroulés en hélice, au travers des ouvertures 31 1, 312.According to an essential characteristic of the invention, the perforations 32 ,, 32 2 , etc ... formed in the support plates 30 ,, 302, etc ... are open radially towards the inside of these plates. More specifically, the openings 32 ,, 322 open onto the internal face of the corresponding support plate 30 ,, 30 2 by a longitudinal opening 31 ,, 312 whose width is between the external diameter of the tubes 18 ,, 18 2 and the minimum internal diameter of the perforations 32 ,, 322. This arrangement makes it possible to simplify the mounting of the tubes 18 in the support plates since each of the plates can be placed directly on the tubes wound in a helix, through the openings 31 1 , 31 2 .

Comme l'illustre la figure 2, lorsque les douilles 34 sont emmanchées autour des tubes 18,, 182 dans les perforations 32,, 322, elles sont serties sur les plaques support 30,, 302, au moyen de languettes de sertissage 36 formées aux extrémités de moindre épaisseur des douilles et rabattues sur les faces latérales correspondantes des plaques 30,, 302.As illustrated in FIG. 2, when the sockets 34 are fitted around the tubes 18 ,, 18 2 in the perforations 32 ,, 32 2 , they are crimped onto the support plates 30 ,, 30 2 , by means of a tab your crimping ends 36 formed at the ends of lesser thickness of the sleeves and folded over the corresponding lateral faces of the plates 30, 30 2 .

Comme on l'a vu précédemment, les dispositifs de supportage 24 doivent assurer un maintien transversal des spires, c'est-à-dire empêcher tout déplacement de celles-ci selon une direction transversale zz' orthogonale à l'axe vertical xx' de l'échangeur et à une direction radiale yy' par rapport à celui-ci et passant par le dispositif de supportage considéré. Au contraire, un déplacement relatif entre les spires des couches successives doit être autorisé pour tenir compte d'une dilatation différentielle possible entre ces couches. Il est donc nécessaire de relier les plaques support 30,, 302 associées à des couches successives de tubes par des pièces de liaison d'un type particulier.As we have seen above, the support devices 24 must ensure transverse holding of the turns, that is to say prevent any movement of the latter in a transverse direction zz 'orthogonal to the vertical axis xx' of the exchanger and in a radial direction yy ′ with respect thereto and passing through the support device considered. On the contrary, a relative displacement between the turns of the successive layers must be authorized to take account of a possible differential expansion between these layers. It is therefore necessary to connect the support plates 30, 30 2 associated with successive layers of tubes by connecting pieces of a particular type.

La figure 2 représente un premier mode de réalisation possible de ces pièces de liaison. Dans ce mode de réalisation, les pièces de liaison sont constituées par des pions 38,, 382, solidaires respectivement des plaques 30, et 302, et qui font saillie radialement à partir des faces externes de ces plaques. Les pions 38, de la plaque 30, pénètrent dans des trous 402 formés au même niveau sur la face interne de la plaque support 302 adjacente. La liaison entre les autres plaques adjacentes des dispositifs 24 est réalisée de façon similaire.FIG. 2 represents a first possible embodiment of these connecting pieces. In this embodiment, the connecting pieces are constituted by pins 38, 38 2 , respectively secured to the plates 30, and 30 2 , and which project radially from the external faces of these plates. The pins 38, of the plate 30, enter holes 402 formed at the same level on the internal face of the adjacent support plate 302. The connection between the other adjacent plates of the devices 24 is carried out in a similar manner.

La largeur des trous 40 selon la direction transversale zz' est pratiquement égale au diamètre des pions 38,, 382, de telle sorte que tout déplacement relatif entre les couches selon cette direction transversale est empêché. Au contraire, un certain jeu est de préférence prévu selon une direction parallèle à l'axe vertical de l'échangeur. Ainsi, les trous 40,, 402 peuvent être soit des trous oblongs - (figure 2), soit des rainures orientées selon cette direction. Il est clair que cette structure autorise une certaine dilatation différentielle entre les différentes couches formées par les tubes.The width of the holes 40 in the transverse direction zz 'is practically equal to the diameter of the pins 38, 38 2 , so that any relative displacement between the layers in this transverse direction is prevented. On the contrary, a certain clearance is preferably provided in a direction parallel to the vertical axis of the exchanger. Thus, the holes 40 ,, 402 can be either oblong holes - (Figure 2), or grooves oriented in this direction. It is clear that this structure allows a certain differential expansion between the different layers formed by the tubes.

Dans le mode de réalisation qui vient d'être décrit en se référant à la figure 2, le montage d'une couche de tubes telle que 182 et de ses moyens de fixation s'effectue de la façon suivante.In the embodiment which has just been described with reference to FIG. 2, the mounting of a layer of tubes such as 182 and of its fixing means is carried out as follows.

En premier lieu, les tubes 182 sont mis en place. On place ensuite les plaques support 30z en les déplaçant radialement vers l'axe xx' de façon à introduire chaque tube 182 dans une perforation 322 au travers de l'ouverture 312 de cette dernière. La liaison entre les couches successives est réalisée simultanément grâce à la pénétration des pions 38, dans les trous 402. Le vissage des tubes est ainsi évité.First, the tubes 182 are put in place. The support plates 30 z are then placed by moving them radially towards the axis xx 'so as to introduce each tube 182 into a perforation 322 through the opening 31 2 of the latter. The connection between the successive layers is carried out simultaneously thanks to the penetration of the pins 38, into the holes 40 2 . The screwing of the tubes is thus avoided.

Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 3, on a représenté au contraire un dispositif de supportage dont les plaques support 30,, 302, 303 sont reliées d'une couche à l'autre par des pièces de liaison mobiles entre une position escamotée permettant le montage et une position de maintien assurant la liaison souhaitée entre les plaques des couches adjacentes lorsque le montage est terminé.In the embodiment of Figure 3, there is shown on the contrary a support device whose support plates 30 ,, 30 2 , 30 3 are connected from one layer to the other by movable connecting pieces between a position retracted allowing the mounting and a holding position ensuring the desired connection between the plates of the adjacent layers when the mounting is completed.

Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 3, les pièces de liaison 1382, 1383 ont la forme de bobines dont la partie centrale 138a, de section rectangulaire est reçue de façon coulissante dans une rainure horizontale 1422, 1423, formée sur la face interne de la plaque 302, 303 correspondante. Les extrémités 138b des pièces 1382, 1383 ont la forme de disques et sont au contact de chacune des faces latérales des plaques support.In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the connecting pieces 1382, 138 3 have the form of coils, the central part 138a of rectangular section of which is slidably received in a horizontal groove 142 2 , 142 3 , formed on the internal face of the corresponding plate 30 2 , 30 3 . The ends 138b of the parts 138 2 , 138 3 have the form of discs and are in contact with each of the lateral faces of the support plates.

Lorsque la partie centrale 138a de ces pièces 1382, 1383 est située dans le fond de la rainure 1422, 1423, correspondante, les disques 138b ne font pas saillie au-delà de la face interne de la plaque support 302, 303 correspondante.When the central part 138a of these parts 1382, 138 3 is located in the bottom of the corresponding groove 142 2 , 142 3 , the discs 138b do not protrude beyond the internal face of the support plate 30 2 , 303 corresponding.

Le montage des différentes pièces peut se faire de la manière décrite précédemment, si les ouvertures radiales 311, 312 des perforations 32,, 322 sont orientées vers l'axe xx'.The mounting of the different parts can be done as described above, if the radial openings 31 1 , 312 of the perforations 32 ,, 32 2 are oriented towards the axis xx '.

Toutefois, dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 3, dans lequel les ouvertures radiales 311, 312 sont tournées vers l'extérieur, un tel montage n'est plus possible. Le montage est alors réalisé de la façon suivante.However, in the example shown in FIG. 3, in which the radial openings 31 1 , 312 are turned towards the outside, such an assembly is no longer possible. The assembly is then carried out as follows.

Dans un premier temps, on forme un ensemble constitué par une couche de tubes sur laquelle on emboîte les plaques 302, 303 dans lesquelles sont logées les pièces de liaison 1382, 1383. On enfile ensuite cet ensemble parallèlement à l'axe vertical xx' de l'échangeur sur la couche précédente 18, précédemment assemblée.Firstly, an assembly is formed consisting of a layer of tubes on which the plates 30 2 , 30 3 are fitted, in which the connecting pieces 1382, 138 3 are housed. This assembly is then threaded parallel to the vertical axis xx 'of the exchanger on the previous layer 18, previously assembled.

Les pièces de liaison 1382, 1383 sont ensuite poussées dans une deuxième position représentée sur la figure 3, dans laquelle la partie centrale 138a est éloignée du fond de la rainure 1422, 1423, les disques d'extrémité 138b venant alors coiffer les faces latérales des plaques 30,, 30z de la couche précédente. Ce déplacement des pièces 1382 1383 est commandé par des tiges telles que 1442 orientées radialement et logées de façon coulissante dans les plaques 302, 30,. Chacune des tiges 1442 est en appui par une de ses extrémités sur la partie centrale 138a de l'une des pièces 1382, 1383. La longueur de chaque tige 1442 est telle que son autre extrémité affleure la face externe de la plaque 302 qui la supporte lorsque la pièce 1382 occupe la position de maintien représentée sur la figure 3. De cette manière, la mise en place des plaques 30, de la couche suivante a pour effet de verrouiller les pièces 1382, logées dans les plaques 302 dans leur position de maintien. Cette structure se répète au niveau de chacune des couches de tubes et assure par conséquent la liaison souhaitée entre les plaques des couches adjacentes.The connecting pieces 138 2 , 1383 are then pushed into a second position shown in FIG. 3, in which the central part 138a is distant from the bottom of the groove 142 2 , 1423, the end discs 138b then coming to cover the faces side plates 30, 30 z of the previous layer. This movement of the parts 1382 1383 is controlled by rods such as 1442 oriented radially and housed in a sliding manner in the plates 30 2 , 30,. Each of the rods 144 2 is supported by one of its ends on the central part 138a of one of the parts 138 2 , 138 3 . The length of each rod 144 2 is such that its other end is flush with the external face of the plate 302 which supports it when the part 138 2 occupies the holding position shown in FIG. 3. In this way, the positioning of the plates 30, from the next layer has the effect of locking the parts 1382, housed in the plates 302 in their holding position. This structure is repeated at each of the layers of tubes and therefore ensures the desired connection between the plates of the adjacent layers.

Comme les pions fixes 38 sur la figure 2, les pièces 1382, 1383 en forme de bobines réalisent un verrouillage de chacune des couches par rapport à la couche précédente dans la direction transversale zz' définie précédemment, au niveau du dispositif 24 correspondant. En outre, une dilatation différentielle entre les différentes couches des tubes reste toujours possible.Like the fixed pins 38 in FIG. 2, the parts 1382, 1383 in the form of coils lock each of the layers with respect to the previous layer in the transverse direction zz 'defined above, at the corresponding device 24. In addition, a differential expansion between the different layers of the tubes is still possible.

Sur les figures 4A à 4D, on a représenté différentes variantes de réalisation des douilles de maintien 34 qui sont placées autour des tubes 18, dans chacune des perforations 32 des plaques 30.In FIGS. 4A to 4D, various alternative embodiments of the holding sockets 34 are shown, which are placed around the tubes 18, in each of the perforations 32 of the plates 30.

Dans les variantes de réalisation des figures 4A à 4C, la douille de maintien 34 est formée de deux demi-coquilles 34a et 34b présentant chacune en section sensiblement la forme d'un demi-cercle. Au contraire, la variante de la figure 4D représente une douille constituée par une coquille unique 34c, ouverte en 39 sur toute sa longueur et présentant une section en forme de C. L'ouverture 39 formée dans la coquille 34c présente une largeur légèrement supérieure au diamètre externe du tube, ce qui permet d'emboîter latéralement la douille sur le tube. Dans les deux cas, le caractère déformable des douilles est obtenu par le fait qu'elles sont constituées d'au moins une coquille présentant une section ouverte.In the variant embodiments of FIGS. 4A to 4C, the holding sleeve 34 is formed by two half-shells 34a and 34b each having, in section, substantially the shape of a semicircle. On the contrary, the variant of FIG. 4D represents a socket constituted by a single shell 34c, open at 39 over its entire length and having a C-shaped section. The opening 39 formed in the shell 34c has a width slightly greater than the outer diameter of the tube, which allows the socket to be fitted laterally onto the tube. In both cases, the deformable nature of the sockets is obtained by the fact that they consist of at least one shell having an open section.

Sur la figure 4A, on a représenté une variante de réalisation correspondant à celle qui a été décrite précédemment en se référant à la figure 2. Dans ce cas, les languettes de sertissage 36 sont seulement formées sur la partie de moindre épaisseur des douilles qui fait saillie hors des perforations des plaques de maintien.In FIG. 4A, an alternative embodiment corresponding to that which has been described above with reference to FIG. 2 has been shown. In this case, the crimping tongues 36 are only formed on the less thick part of the sockets which makes protrusion out of the perforations of the retaining plates.

Dans le cas de la variante de la figure 4B, les encoches 37 qui séparent les languettes de sertissage 36 se prolongent sur une grande partie de la longueur de la douille 34, ce qui confère à celle-ci plus de souplesse et améliore par conséquent le serrage entre les tubes et les plaques support. Il est à noter que la douille représentée sur la figure 4D peut également être fendue sur une grande partie de sa longueur conformément à cette variante.In the case of the variant of FIG. 4B, the notches 37 which separate the crimping tongues 36 extend over a large part of the length of the socket 34, which gives it more flexibility and consequently improves the clamping between the tubes and the support plates. It should be noted that the sleeve shown in FIG. 4D can also be split over a large part of its length in accordance with this variant.

La variante de réalisation de la figure 4C est spécifique du cas où la douille 34 est réalisée sous la forme de deux demi-coquilles 34a, 34b. Dans ce cas, afin d'améliorer la sécurité de fixation des tubes dans les plaques, au détriment de la simplicité de fabrication des douilles, chacune des demi-coquilles comprend au moins une languette 33 sur l'un de ses bords adjacents à l'autre demi-coquille et au moins une encoche 35 sur le bord opposé. Comme l'illustre la figure 4C, les languettes 33 et les encoches 35 sont en outre disposées de telle sorte que la languette d'une demi-coquille s'emboîte dans l'encoche de l'autre demicoquille, et réciproquement.The variant embodiment of FIG. 4C is specific to the case where the bush 34 is produced in the form of two half-shells 34a, 34b. In this case, in order to improve the security of fixing the tubes in the plates, to the detriment of the simplicity of manufacturing the sockets, each of the half-shells comprises at least one tab 33 on one of its edges adjacent to the another half-shell and at least one notch 35 on the opposite edge. As illustrated in FIG. 4C, the tongues 33 and the notches 35 are further arranged so that the tongue of a half-shell fits into the notch of the other half-shell, and vice versa.

La figure 5 illustre à titre d'exemple nullement limitatif une combinaison possible des différentes variantes décrites précédemment. En particulier, les douilles 34 qui sont introduites dans chacune des perforations 32 autour des tubes 18 sont réalisées sous la forme d'une coquille unique 34c comme l'illustre la figure 4D.FIG. 5 illustrates by way of nonlimiting example a possible combination of the different variants described above. In particular, the sockets 34 which are introduced into each of the perforations 32 around the tubes 18 are produced in the form of a single shell 34c as illustrated in FIG. 4D.

Par ailleurs, la figure 5 illustre une variante de réalisation des pièces de liaison mobiles décrites précédemment en se référant à la figure 3. Dans ce cas, les pièces en forme de bobine sont remplacées par des pions escamotables 238 qui coulissent radialement selon leur axe dans un trou de même diamètre formé sur la face interne de la plaque 30, entre une position rétractée de montage et une position de maintien. Dans cette dernière position, le pion 238 fait saillie au-delà de la face interne de la plaque 30 dans un trou correspondant 240 formé sur la face externe de la plaque 30 adjacente. Ce trou 240 peut être réalisé sous la forme d'un trou oblong ou d'une rainure, de la même manière que le trou 40 dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 2. Comme dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 3, des tiges de poussée 244, orientées radialement, coulissent dans les plaques 30 et prennent appui contre les pions 238, de façon à les pousser et à les maintenir dans leur position de maintien lorsque les plaques 30 de la couche suivante sont mises en place.Furthermore, FIG. 5 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the mobile connecting parts described above with reference to FIG. 3. In this case, the coil-shaped parts are replaced by retractable pins 238 which slide radially along their axis in a hole of the same diameter formed on the internal face of the plate 30, between a retracted mounting position and a holding position. In this latter position, the pin 238 projects beyond the internal face of the plate 30 into a corresponding hole 240 formed on the external face of the adjacent plate 30. This hole 240 can be made in the form of an oblong hole or a groove, in the same way as the hole 40 in the embodiment of Figure 2. As in the embodiment of Figure 3, push rods 244, oriented radially, slide in the plates 30 and bear against the pins 238, so as to push them and keep them in their holding position when the plates 30 of the next layer are put in place.

Sur les figures 6A et 6B, on a représenté un autre mode de réalisation possible de l'invention, pouvant être combine avec toutes les variantes décrites précédemment, et qui se distingue essentiellement de celles-ci par le fait que les perforations ouvertes 132 qui sont formées dans la plaque 30 sont de forme cylindrique. Cette configuration présente évidemment l'avantage de simplifier la fabrication des plaques 30. En revanche, elle nécessite comme l'illustrent les figures de disposer autour des tubes 18, dans chacune de ces perforations 132, une douille interne 24 et une douille externe 124 disposées coaxialement et en sens inverse à l'intérieur des perforations.In FIGS. 6A and 6B, another possible embodiment of the invention has been shown, which can be combined with all the variants described above, and which is essentially distinguished from these by the fact that the open perforations 132 which are formed in the plate 30 are cylindrical in shape. This configuration obviously has the advantage of simplifying the manufacture of the plates 30. On the other hand, it requires, as the figures illustrate, to have around the tubes 18, in each of these perforations 132, an internal sleeve 24 and an external sleeve 124 arranged coaxially and in opposite directions inside the perforations.

La douille interne 24 est réalisée de façon totalement identique aux douilles 24 décrites précédemment. Elle a pour caractéristique essentielle que sa surface interne est cylindrique alors que sa surface externe est légèrement tronconique. La douille externe 124 est réalisée quant à elle d'une manière complémentaire, c'est-à-dire que sa surface interne est tronconique et complémentaire de la surface externe de la douille 24, alors que sa surface externe est cylindrique et présente un diamètre égal au diamètre interne des perforations 132.The internal sleeve 24 is produced completely identical to the sockets 24 described above. Its essential characteristic is that its internal surface is cylindrical while its external surface is slightly frustoconical. The external sleeve 124 is produced in turn in a complementary manner, that is to say that its internal surface is frustoconical and complementary to the external surface of the sleeve 24, while its external surface is cylindrical and has a diameter equal to the internal diameter of the perforations 132.

Comme l'illustre la figure 6A, les douilles 24 et 124 sont introduites en sens inverse dans chacune des perforations 132 et elles sont donc serties sur les faces latérales opposées des plaques 30. La sécurité de fixation des tubes dans les plaques s'en trouve améliorée. Bien entendu, chacune des douilles 24 et 124 peut être réalisée selon l'une quelconque des variantes décrites précédemment en se référant aux figures 4A à 4D.As illustrated in FIG. 6A, the sockets 24 and 124 are inserted in the opposite direction into each of the perforations 132 and they are therefore crimped on the opposite lateral faces of the plates 30. This secures the tubes in the plates. improved. Of course, each of the sockets 24 and 124 can be produced according to any of the variants described above with reference to FIGS. 4A to 4D.

Claims (10)

1. Echangeur de chaleur comportant des tubes - (18), au moins une plaque support (30) comportant des perforations (32, 132) traversées par les tubes, et au moins une douille de maintien tronconique - (24,124) placée autour des tubes dans chacune des perforations et sertie sur la plaque support correspondante, caractérisé en ce que les tubes - (18) sont enroulés en hélice en couches successives autour d'un axe commun (xx'), chaque couche de tubes (18) traversant une rangée de perforations (32, 132) formée dans une plaque support (30) différente, lesdites perforations (32, 132) étant ouvertes radialement (31) par rapport audit axe (xx'), sur une largeur légèrement supérieure au diamètre externe des tubes (18), des pièces de liaison (38, 138, 238) étant placées entre les plaques support de deux couches de tubes successives, lesdites pièces autorisant un déplacement relatif entre les plaques selon une direction (yy') radiale par rapport audit axe (x, x'), tout en assurant un maintien relatif entre les plaques selon une direction transversale (zz') orthogonale audit axe (x, x') et à ladite direction radiale (y, y').1. Heat exchanger comprising tubes - (18), at least one support plate (30) comprising perforations (32, 132) through which the tubes pass, and at least one frustoconical holding sleeve - (24.124) placed around the tubes in each of the perforations and crimped onto the corresponding support plate, characterized in that the tubes - (18) are helically wound in successive layers around a common axis (xx '), each layer of tubes (18) crossing a row of perforations (32, 132) formed in a different support plate (30), said perforations (32, 132) being open radially (31) relative to said axis (xx '), over a width slightly greater than the external diameter of the tubes ( 18), connecting parts (38, 138, 238) being placed between the support plates of two successive layers of tubes, said parts allowing relative movement between the plates in a direction (yy ') radial with respect to said axis (x , x '), while ensuring relative maintenance if between the plates in a transverse direction (zz ') orthogonal to said axis (x, x') and to said radial direction (y, y '). 2. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chaque douille est formée d'une coquille ouverte (34c) présentant une section en forme de C formant une ouverture (39) de largeur légèrement supérieure au diamètre externe des tubes (18).2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that each sleeve is formed of an open shell (34c) having a C-shaped section forming an opening (39) of width slightly greater than the external diameter of the tubes (18 ). 3. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chaque douille (34) est formée de deux demi-coquilles (34a, 34b).3. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that each sleeve (34) is formed of two half-shells (34a, 34b). 4. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que chaque demi-coquille (34a, 34b) comprend au moins une languette (33) et une encoche (35) disposées de telle sorte que les languettes et les encoches des demi-coquilles formant chacune des douilles (34) s'emboîtent les unes dans les autres.4. Heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that each half-shell (34a, 34b) comprises at least one tongue (33) and a notch (35) arranged so that the tongues and the notches of the half shells forming each of the sockets (34) fit into each other. 5. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chacune des douilles (34) comprend une extrémité de moindre épaisseur munie de languettes de sertissage (36) aptes à être rabattues contre lesdites plaques support (30).5. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of the sockets (34) comprises an end of lesser thickness provided with crimping tongues (36) capable of being folded against said support plates (30). 6. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les douilles (34) sont fendues (37) sur une partie de leur longueur.6. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sockets (34) are split (37) over part of their length. 7. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les perforations (32, 132) sont tronconiques, une douille (34) de surface externe tronconique étant placée autour des tubes (18) dans chacune des perforations.7. Heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the perforations (32, 132) are frustoconical, a sleeve (34) of frustoconical external surface being placed around the tubes (18) in each of perforations. 8. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les perforations (232) sont cylindriques, deux douilles - (34, 134) présentant respectivement une surface externe tronconique et une surface interne tronconique étant placées coaxialement autour des tubes dans chacune des perforations.8. Heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the perforations (232) are cylindrical, two sockets - (34, 134) having respectively a frustoconical external surface and a frustoconical internal surface being placed coaxially around the tubes in each of the perforations. 9. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdites pièces de liaison (38) sont solidaires de chacune des plaques support (30) et font saillie radialement par rapport audit axe (x, x') dans des trous (40) de même largeur formés dans la plaque support adjacente de la couche suivante.9. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said connecting pieces (38) are integral with each of the support plates (30) and project radially with respect to said axis (x, x ') in holes (40) of the same width formed in the adjacent support plate of the next layer. 10. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que lesdites pièces de liaison (138, 238) sont montées dans chacune des plaques support (30) de façon à pouvoir se déplacer radialement par rapport audit axe (x, x') entre une position rétractée de montage et une position de maintien dans laquelle lesdites pièces sont en butée contre des surfaces d'appui formées sur la plaque support adjacente de la couche précédente et empêchent un déplacement relatif entre lesdites plaques selon ladite direction transversale (zz'), le déplacement des pièces de liaison de la position rétractée vers la position de maintien étant commandé par des tiges de poussée (144, 244) orientées radialement par rapport audit axe (x, x') et coulissant dans les plaques support.10. Heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said connecting parts (138, 238) are mounted in each of the support plates (30) so as to be able to move radially relative to said axis (x, x ') between a retracted mounting position and a holding position in which said parts are in abutment against bearing surfaces formed on the adjacent support plate of the previous layer and prevent relative movement between said plates according to said transverse direction (zz '), the movement of the connecting pieces from the retracted position to the holding position being controlled by push rods (144, 244) oriented radially with respect to said axis (x, x') and sliding in the support plates.
EP19860400497 1985-03-14 1986-03-10 Heat exchanger having helically coiled tubes provided with means for tube supporting Expired EP0197812B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8503756A FR2578967B1 (en) 1985-03-14 1985-03-14 HELICOIDAL TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER PROVIDED WITH IMPROVED TUBE SUPPORT DEVICES
FR8503756 1985-03-14

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EP0197812A1 true EP0197812A1 (en) 1986-10-15
EP0197812B1 EP0197812B1 (en) 1989-01-11

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EP (1) EP0197812B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS61213496A (en)
DE (1) DE3661777D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2578967B1 (en)

Cited By (3)

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GB2456628A (en) * 2008-01-19 2009-07-22 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Apparatus and method for the heat treatment of integral rotors of gas turbines
CN106767105A (en) * 2017-01-19 2017-05-31 清华大学天津高端装备研究院 A kind of support system of big coils heat exchanger heat-exchanging tube
US20200263937A1 (en) * 2019-02-20 2020-08-20 Caterpillar Inc. Bumper clip for tube type heat exchangers

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US8695688B2 (en) * 2007-07-18 2014-04-15 Babcock & Wilcox Canada Ltd. Nubbed U-bend tube support
JP5676894B2 (en) * 2010-03-17 2015-02-25 日本発條株式会社 Fixing structure between metal plate and heat transfer tube

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CH491313A (en) * 1968-01-23 1970-05-31 Sulzer Ag Heat exchanger
AT323210B (en) * 1973-08-06 1975-06-25 Waagner Biro Ag SUPPORT FOR CURVED PIPES
DE2601645A1 (en) * 1975-01-20 1976-07-22 Gen Atomic Co HEAT EXCHANGER
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2456628A (en) * 2008-01-19 2009-07-22 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Apparatus and method for the heat treatment of integral rotors of gas turbines
GB2456628B (en) * 2008-01-19 2013-02-27 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Apparatus and method for the heat treatment of integral rotors of gas turbines
CN106767105A (en) * 2017-01-19 2017-05-31 清华大学天津高端装备研究院 A kind of support system of big coils heat exchanger heat-exchanging tube
US20200263937A1 (en) * 2019-02-20 2020-08-20 Caterpillar Inc. Bumper clip for tube type heat exchangers
US11047631B2 (en) * 2019-02-20 2021-06-29 Caterpillar Inc. Bumper clip for tube type heat exchangers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0197812B1 (en) 1989-01-11
FR2578967A1 (en) 1986-09-19
DE3661777D1 (en) 1989-02-16
JPS61213496A (en) 1986-09-22
FR2578967B1 (en) 1989-07-07

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