EP0196370A1 - Method for the production of an overvoltage diversion utilizing a ZnO-based varistor, and overvoltage diversion thus produced - Google Patents

Method for the production of an overvoltage diversion utilizing a ZnO-based varistor, and overvoltage diversion thus produced Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0196370A1
EP0196370A1 EP85115554A EP85115554A EP0196370A1 EP 0196370 A1 EP0196370 A1 EP 0196370A1 EP 85115554 A EP85115554 A EP 85115554A EP 85115554 A EP85115554 A EP 85115554A EP 0196370 A1 EP0196370 A1 EP 0196370A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
resistance body
zno
resistance
compact
surge arrester
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EP85115554A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0196370B1 (en
Inventor
Günther Maier
Joseph Mosele
Roger Dr. Perkins
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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Priority to AT85115554T priority Critical patent/ATE52633T1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/105—Varistor cores
    • H01C7/108—Metal oxide
    • H01C7/112—ZnO type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/102—Varistor boundary, e.g. surface layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
    • Y10T29/49087—Resistor making with envelope or housing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a ZnO-based surge arrester according to the preamble of claim 1 and a surge arrester according to the preamble of claim 4.
  • the ZnO-based resistance material plays an outstanding role here.
  • the conventional constructions generally use - from certain voltages upwards - stack-like bodies composed of individual disks made of voltage-dependent sintered resistance material (varistors). Such bodies are known from numerous publications (see, for example, US-A-4,335,417, DE-A-2,934,832, CH-A-626,758).
  • the height of the discs used is limited (e.g. to 60 mm) and the height to diameter ratio is generally less than 1.
  • the stack-like structure of a conventional surge arrester is - especially with higher voltages and powers - expensive and complex and also includes additional risks due to the numerous internal contact areas.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for manufacturing and a simplified construction of a surge arrester, which is not composed of individual disks and one self-supporting stable insulating body as a housing.
  • a surge arrester which is not composed of individual disks and one self-supporting stable insulating body as a housing.
  • expensive, brittle ceramic insulating housings (porcelain) should possibly be avoided.
  • the essence of the invention is to produce a single, self-supporting, monolithic resistance body and to encase it with an insulating material in various ways.
  • Fig. 1 the process is shown as a flow diagram in block form.
  • the individual points require no further explanation.
  • the mass which is in the form of granules and is filled into an elastic hollow mold (e.g. made of silicone rubber), can be pressed by the cold isostatic process (wet die) or more advantageously by the two-dimensional radial process (dry die).
  • FIG. 2 shows a simplified longitudinal section through an overvoltage arrester with a monolithic, essentially cylindrical active resistance body and with an insulating body designed as a jacket.
  • 1 shows the resistance body (varistor), which essentially has a smooth, cylindrical outer surface.
  • the resistance body 1 is made slightly corrugated at the ends in order to create better adhesive conditions in the adhesive joint 7.
  • 2 is the insulating body designed as a jacket, which advantageously consists of a castable plastic such as epoxy resin, polymer concrete, silicone material etc. However, a shrink tube or another suitable covering or in general any suitable coating by an insulating material can also be used for this. Glazing or painting are also suitable.
  • 3 is the metallized end face of the resistance body 1
  • 4 is the corresponding contact spring for the high-voltage electrode 5 or earth electrode 6.
  • an insulating body 2 is shown with a smooth cylindrical outer wall for the interior installation of the arrester, while the right half relates to a version with ribs or screens for outdoor installation.
  • FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through an overvoltage arrester with a monolithic, externally ribbed resistance body.
  • the insulating body 2 is designed as an additionally applied, comparatively thin coating of approximately constant thickness. All reference numerals correspond to those in FIG. 2.
  • the resistance body 1 has a central bore 8, in which the threaded pull rod 9 made of insulating material is located.
  • the electrodes 5 and 6 are pressed firmly onto the end faces of the resistance body 1 by means of the latter. All other reference numerals correspond to those in FIG. 2.
  • An overvoltage arrester was manufactured on the basis of Zn0, the active resistance body 1 of which had the following composition:
  • the slurry was then converted into a free-flowing, dry granulate in a spray dryer with counter-air flow.
  • the average size of the grains produced was about 100 ⁇ m, the remaining moisture was about 2% by weight.
  • the compact was removed from the mold and sintered at a temperature of 1200 ° C for 2 hours.
  • the organic binder was burned while passing through the temperature range of 200 to 600 ° C and the shrinkage was carried out in a short time in the range of 900 to 1050 ° C without deformation of the body.
  • the sintered resistance body 1 had a diameter of 35 mm with a length of 240 mm and a density of 5500 kg / m '(98% of the theoretical value).
  • the monolithic sintered body was contacted by flame spraying its end faces (3) with aluminum once.
  • the electrical transition was carried out by means of pressure contacts (contact springs 4).
  • the finished contacted sintered body was now provided with a 6 mm thick layer of a temperature-resistant organic material, in the present case an epoxy resin.
  • This hollow cylindrical, smooth jacket for the interior installation of the arrester was produced by encapsulating the resistance body 1.
  • the jacket can be provided with screens or ribs to enlarge the surface.
  • Example I An overvoltage arrester with a resistance body 1 of the same dimensions and composition as in Example I was produced. The process steps of mixing, grinding and drying the starting materials correspond to those of Example I.
  • the compact was then removed from the mold and sintered at a temperature of 1200 ° C. for 2 h in an analogous manner to that given in Example I.
  • the finished sintered body had a diameter of 35 mm with a length of 240 mm and a density of 5500 kg / m '(98% of the theoretical value).
  • the resistance body 1 was provided with a smooth shrink tube made of silicone material as an insulating body 2 (jacket).
  • the pressing method according to Example II has the advantage that the compact is defined better in its axial length, which is decisive for the operating voltage, and this can be easily changed, corrected and adjusted to the operating requirements by adjusting the piston at the end. This is particularly important in the present case of the manufacture of monolithic resistance bodies This is important because the adjustment to the operating voltage cannot - as is the case for conventional arresters consisting of a number of disks - be carried out retrospectively by varying the number of disks. This method is also more suitable for automation and mass production.
  • the continuous operating voltage of the arrester was 24 kV, the residual voltage under a shock wave of 10 kA, 8/20 ⁇ s 70 kV.
  • the invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments.
  • a compact of at least 40% density should be achieved during pre-compression and a sintered body of at least 90% density based on the theoretical value during sintering.
  • the height to diameter ratio of the resistance body can generally be> 1.
  • the resistance body can also have a cylindrical shape other than smooth (FIG. 1). He can e.g. be limited on the outside by ribs or grooves (FIG. 2) or have a bore (hollow cylinder according to FIG. 3).
  • the insulating body can be designed as a encapsulated mass in epoxy resin, polymer concrete, silicone resin or as a covering in the form of a shrink tube, a coating, a coat of paint or a glazing.
  • the arrester In the simplest case for indoor installation, the arrester consists only of a resistance body thinly coated with glass, lacquer or plastic with resilient metal contacts pressed onto the end face.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Abstract

A lightning arrester with a monolithic, active resistor core made of voltage-dependent resistance material based on ZnO is produced by mixing and grinding the base materials ZnO+metal oxides, producing pourable granules, filling into a silicone rubber tube and pressing cold-isostatically or radially into a moulding, sintering of the moulding into a self-supporting, monnolithic resistor core, converting the resistor core, with an insulator by casting around, coating or painting with an epoxy resin, silicone material or concrete polymer or by drawing over a shrink-fit tube or by glazing. The resultant lightning arrester has a simple configuration, good reproducibility, cost-effective mass production.

Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ueberspannungsableiters auf ZnO-Basis nach der Gattung des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 und von einem Ueberspannungsableiter nach der Gattung des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 4.The invention relates to a method for producing a ZnO-based surge arrester according to the preamble of claim 1 and a surge arrester according to the preamble of claim 4.

In der Elektrotechnik werden mehr und mehr die früheren klassischen Ueberspannungsableiter auf Siliziumkarbid-Basis durch solche auf der Basis von Metalloxyden ersetzt. Dabei spielt das Widerstandsmaterial auf ZnO-Basis eine hervorragende Rolle. Die herkömmlichen Konstruktionen verwenden in der Regel - von bestimmten Spannungen an aufwärts - aus einzelnen Scheiben zusammengesetzte stapelartige Körper aus spannungsabhängigem gesintertem Widerstandsmaterial (Varistoren). Derartige Körper sind aus zahlreichen Veröffentlichungen bekannt (vergl. z.B. US-A-4 335 417, DE-A-2 934 832, CH-A-626 758). Die Höhe der verwendeten Scheiben ist begrenzt (z.B. auf 60 mm) und das Verhältnis Höhe zu Durchmesser ist im allgemeinen kleiner als 1.In electrical engineering, the earlier classic surge arresters based on silicon carbide are increasingly being replaced by those based on metal oxides. The ZnO-based resistance material plays an outstanding role here. The conventional constructions generally use - from certain voltages upwards - stack-like bodies composed of individual disks made of voltage-dependent sintered resistance material (varistors). Such bodies are known from numerous publications (see, for example, US-A-4,335,417, DE-A-2,934,832, CH-A-626,758). The height of the discs used is limited (e.g. to 60 mm) and the height to diameter ratio is generally less than 1.

Derartige, aus einzelnen Widerstandsscheiben zusammengesetzte Stapel sind naturgemäss nicht selbsttragend und müssen daher verspannt, in ein Isoliergehäuse eingepasst oder eingegossen oder sonst auf irgend eine Weise fixiert werden. Die im Betrieb entwickelte Wärme muss dabei durch das Isoliergehäuse nach aussen abgeführt werden.Such stacks composed of individual resistance disks are naturally not self-supporting and therefore have to be clamped, fitted into an insulating housing or cast in or otherwise fixed in some way. The heat developed during operation must be dissipated to the outside through the insulating housing.

Der stapelartige Aufbau eines herkömmlichen Ueberspannungsableiters ist - insbesondere bei höheren Spannungen und Leistungen - teuer und aufwendig und schliesst auch wegen der zahlreichen internen Kontaktflächen zusätzliche Risiken ein.The stack-like structure of a conventional surge arrester is - especially with higher voltages and powers - expensive and complex and also includes additional risks due to the numerous internal contact areas.

Es ist schon vorgeschlagen worden, einen gesinterten stabförmigen ZnO-Widerstandskörper in einer Porzellanmasse einzubetten und letztere bei relativ tiefer Temperatur zu einem festen und mit dem Widerstandskörper fest verbundenen Isolierkörper zu sintern. Eine derartige Verbindung zwischen Widerstands- und Isolierkörper kann ohne Radialspalt ausgeführt werden (vergl. EP-A-0 004 349). Dies stellt bereits eine Vereinfachung der Konstruktion gegenüber dem stapelartigen Aufbau üblicher Ableiter dar.It has already been proposed to embed a sintered rod-shaped ZnO resistance body in a porcelain mass and to sinter the latter at a relatively low temperature to form a solid insulating body which is firmly connected to the resistance body. Such a connection between the resistance and the insulating body can be carried out without a radial gap (see EP-A-0 004 349). This already simplifies the design compared to the stack-like structure of conventional arresters.

Es besteht jedoch das allgemeine Bedürfnis, den Aufbau und die Herstellung von auf Zn0-Uaristoren beruhenden Ueberspannungsableitern weiter zu vereinfachen und für eine Massenproduktion geeignet zu machen.However, there is a general need to further simplify the construction and manufacture of surge arresters based on ZnO uaristors and to make them suitable for mass production.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung sowie eine vereinfachte Konstruktion eines Ueberspannungsableiters anzugeben, welcher nicht aus einzelnen Scheiben zusammengesetzt ist und einen selbsttragenden stabilen Isolierkörper als Gehäuse überflüssig macht. Insbesondere sollen teure, spröde keramische Isoliergehäuse (Porzellan) womöglich vermieden werden.The invention has for its object to provide a method for manufacturing and a simplified construction of a surge arrester, which is not composed of individual disks and one self-supporting stable insulating body as a housing. In particular, expensive, brittle ceramic insulating housings (porcelain) should possibly be avoided.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 sowie des Anspruchs 4 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1 and claim 4.

Der Kern der Erfindung besteht darin, einen einzigen, selbsttragenden monolithischen Widerstandskörper herzustellen und diesen auf verschiedene Art und Weise mit einem Isoliermaterial zu ummanteln.The essence of the invention is to produce a single, self-supporting, monolithic resistance body and to encase it with an insulating material in various ways.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der nachfolgenden, durch Figuren näher erläuterten Ausführungsbeispiele beschrieben.The invention is described on the basis of the following exemplary embodiments which are explained in more detail by means of figures.

Dabei zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 ein Fliessbild des Verfahrens in Blockdarstellung,
  • Fig. 2 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Ueberspannungsableiter mit monolithischem, im wesentlichen zylindrischen aktiven Widerstandskörper (Varistor) und mit Isolierkörper als glatten oder gerippten Mantel,
  • Fig. 3 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Ueberspannungsableiter mit monolithischem, aussen gerippten Widerstandskörper und mit Isolierkörper als aufgebrachte Beschichtung,
  • Fig. 4 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Ueberspannungsableiter mit monolithischem hohlzylindrischen Widerstandskörper, mit zentraler Zugstange und mit Isolierkörper als glattem Mantel.
It shows:
  • 1 is a flow diagram of the method in block diagram,
  • 2 shows a longitudinal section through an overvoltage arrester with a monolithic, essentially cylindrical active resistance body (varistor) and with an insulating body as a smooth or ribbed jacket,
  • 3 shows a longitudinal section through an overvoltage arrester with a monolithic, externally ribbed resistance body and with an insulating body as the applied coating,
  • Fig. 4 shows a longitudinal section through an overvoltage arrester with a monolithic hollow cylindrical resistance body, with a central tie rod and with an insulating body as a smooth jacket.

In Fig. l ist das Verfahren als Fliessbild in Blockdarstellung wiedergegeben. Die einzelnen Punkte bedürfen keiner weiteren Erläuterung. Das Pressen der in Form eines Granulats vorliegenden, in eine elastische Hohlform (z.B. aus Silikongummi) abgefüllten Masse kann nach dem kaltisostatischen Verfahren (Nassmatrize) oder vorteilhafter nach dem zweidimensionalen Radial-Verfahren (Trockenmatrize) erfolgen.In Fig. 1 the process is shown as a flow diagram in block form. The individual points require no further explanation. The mass, which is in the form of granules and is filled into an elastic hollow mold (e.g. made of silicone rubber), can be pressed by the cold isostatic process (wet die) or more advantageously by the two-dimensional radial process (dry die).

Fig. 2 zeigt einen vereinfachten Längsschnitt durch einen Ueberspannungsableiter mit monolithischem, im wesentlichen zylindrischen aktiven Widerstandskörper und mit als Mantel ausgebildetem Isolierkörper. 1 stellt den Widerstandskörper (Varistor) dar, der im wesentlichen eine glatte, zylindrische Mantelfläche aufweist. An den Enden ist der Widerstandskörper 1 im vorliegenden Fall leicht gewellt ausgeführt, um in der Klebefuge 7 bessere Haftbedingungen zu schaffen. 2 ist der als Mantel ausgebildete Isolierkörper, welcher vorteilhafterweise aus einem giessfähigen Kunststoff wie Epoxydharz, Polymerbeton, Silikonmaterial etc. besteht. Es kann dafür aber auch ein Schrumpfschlauch oder eine andere geeignete Umhüllung oder ganz allgemein irgend eine passende Beschichtung durch ein Isoliermaterial verwendet werden. Fernerhin kommen dafür Verglasungen oder Anstriche in Frage. 3 ist die metallisierte Stirnfläche des Widerstandskörpers 1, 4 die entsprechende Kontaktfeder zur Hochspannungselektrode 5 bzw. Erdelektrode 6.FIG. 2 shows a simplified longitudinal section through an overvoltage arrester with a monolithic, essentially cylindrical active resistance body and with an insulating body designed as a jacket. 1 shows the resistance body (varistor), which essentially has a smooth, cylindrical outer surface. In the present case, the resistance body 1 is made slightly corrugated at the ends in order to create better adhesive conditions in the adhesive joint 7. 2 is the insulating body designed as a jacket, which advantageously consists of a castable plastic such as epoxy resin, polymer concrete, silicone material etc. However, a shrink tube or another suitable covering or in general any suitable coating by an insulating material can also be used for this. Glazing or painting are also suitable. 3 is the metallized end face of the resistance body 1, 4 is the corresponding contact spring for the high-voltage electrode 5 or earth electrode 6.

In der linken Hälfte der Figur ist ein Isolierkörper 2 mit glatter zylindrischer Aussenwand für Innenraumaufstellung des Ableiters dargestellt, während sich die rechte Hälfte auf eine Ausführung mit Rippen bzw. Schirmen für Freiluftaufstellung bezieht.In the left half of the figure, an insulating body 2 is shown with a smooth cylindrical outer wall for the interior installation of the arrester, while the right half relates to a version with ribs or screens for outdoor installation.

Fig. 3 stellt einen Längsschnitt durch einen Ueberspannungsableiter mit monolithischem, aussen gerippten Widerstandskörper dar. Der Isolierkörper 2 ist als zusätzlich aufgebracht, vergleichsweise dünne Beschichtung ungefähr konstanter Dicke ausgeführt. Alle Bezugszeichen entsprechen denjenigen der Figur 2.3 shows a longitudinal section through an overvoltage arrester with a monolithic, externally ribbed resistance body. The insulating body 2 is designed as an additionally applied, comparatively thin coating of approximately constant thickness. All reference numerals correspond to those in FIG. 2.

In Fig. 4 ist ein Längsschnitt eines Ueberspannungsableiters mit einem monolithischen hohlzylindrischen Widerstandskörper dargestellt. Der widerstandskörper 1 weist eine zentrale Bohrung 8 auf, in welcher sich die mit einem Gewinde versehene Zugstange 9 aus Isoliermaterial befindet. Mittels letzterer werden die Elektroden 5 und 6 fest auf die Stirnflächen des Widerstandskörpers 1 gepresst. Alle übrigen Bezugszeichen entsprechen denjenigen der Figur 2.4 shows a longitudinal section of an overvoltage arrester with a monolithic hollow cylindrical resistance body. The resistance body 1 has a central bore 8, in which the threaded pull rod 9 made of insulating material is located. The electrodes 5 and 6 are pressed firmly onto the end faces of the resistance body 1 by means of the latter. All other reference numerals correspond to those in FIG. 2.

Ausführungsbeispiel I:Embodiment I:

Auf der Basis von Zn0 wurde ein Ueberspannungsableiter hergestellt, dessen aktiver Widerstandskörper 1 folgende Zusammensetzung hatte:

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003
Figure imgb0004
Figure imgb0005
Figure imgb0006
 An overvoltage arrester was manufactured on the basis of Zn0, the active resistance body 1 of which had the following composition:
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003
Figure imgb0004
Figure imgb0005
Figure imgb0006

Diese Ausgangsstoffe wurden in einer mit Achatkugeln bestückten Kugelmühle während 10 h unter destilliertem Wasser gemischt und gemahlen, wobei eine homogene Pulvermischung mit einem Partikeldurchmesser von 1 bis 5 µm erzeugt wurde. Die Pulvermischung wurde in destilliertem Wasser derart aufgeschlämmt, dass der Feststoffanteil 60 Gew.-% betrug. Zwecks Erniedrigung der Viskosität wurde der Suspension ein handelsüblicher alkaliarmer Verflüssiger in einer Menge von ca. 1 °/oo bezogen auf das Feststoffgewicht beigefügt. Ausserdem wurde zur Verbesserung der Plastizität der späteren Trockenmasse ein alkaliarmer Polyvinylalkohol in einer Menge von ca. l % bezogen auf das Feststoffgewicht hinzugegeben. Dieser Zusatz verbessert die nachfolgende Verarbeitbarkeit der Masse und wirkt gleichzeitig als Bindemittel. Es wird dadurch insbesondere die homogene fehlerfreie Verdichtung der Masse und eine hohe Festigkeit und Formbeständigkeit des daraus hergestellten Presslings gewährleistet.These starting materials were mixed and ground under distilled water in a ball mill equipped with agate balls for 10 hours, a homogeneous powder mixture having a particle diameter of 1 to 5 μm being produced. The powder mixture was slurried in distilled water in such a way that the solids content was 60% by weight. In order to lower the viscosity, a commercially available low-alkali plasticizer was added to the suspension in an amount of about 1 ° / oo based on the weight of the solid. In addition, in order to improve the plasticity of the subsequent dry mass, a low-alkali polyvinyl alcohol was added in an amount of about 1% based on the weight of the solid. This additive improves the subsequent workability of the mass and at the same time acts as a binder. This ensures in particular the homogeneous, error-free compaction of the mass and the high strength and dimensional stability of the compact produced therefrom.

Die Aufschlämmung wurde nun in einem Sprühtrockner mit Gegenluftströmung in ein rieselfähiges trockenes Granulat übergeführt. Die durchschnittliche Grösse der dabei erzeugten Körner lag bei ca. 100 µm, die restliche Feuchtigkeit bei ca. 2 Gew.-%.The slurry was then converted into a free-flowing, dry granulate in a spray dryer with counter-air flow. The average size of the grains produced was about 100 µm, the remaining moisture was about 2% by weight.

Ca. 1,3 kg des Granulats wurden hierauf in eine Silikongummiform abgefüllt und nach dem Nassmatrizenverfahren kalt-isostatisch zu einem Pressling verdichtet. Die hohlzylindrische Form (Durchmesser 59 mm, Füllhöhe 404 mm) wurde dabei mit einem Deckel verschlossen und in ein Oelbad eingesetzt, auf welches dann ein Druck von 100 MPa ausgeübt wurde. Dieser pflanzte sich allseitig auf die Gummiform fort, so dass ein Pressling mit einer Dichte von 2950 kg/m' (53 % des theoretischen Wertes) erreicht wurde. Der Pressling hatte einen Durchmesser von 43 mm bei einer Höhe von 295 mm.Approx. 1.3 kg of the granules were then filled into a silicone rubber mold and cold-isostatically compacted into a compact by the wet matrix process. The hollow cylindrical shape (diameter 59 mm, filling height 404 mm) was closed with a lid and placed in an oil bath, to which a pressure of 100 MPa was then applied. This propagated on all sides on the rubber mold, so that a compact with a density of 2950 kg / m '(53% of the theoretical value) was reached has been. The compact had a diameter of 43 mm and a height of 295 mm.

Der Pressling wurde aus der Form genommen und bei einer Temperatur von 1200°C während einer Zeit von 2 h gesintert. Dabei wurde das organische Bindemittel beim Durchlaufen des Temperaturbereiches von 200 bis 600°C verbrannt und die Schwindung ohne Verformung des Körpers im Bereich von 900 bis 1050°C in kurzer Zeit durchgeführt. Der fertig gesinterte Widerstandskörper 1 hatte einen Durchmesser von 35 mm bei einer Länge von 240 mm und einer Dichte von 5500 kg/m' (98 % des theoretischen Wertes).The compact was removed from the mold and sintered at a temperature of 1200 ° C for 2 hours. The organic binder was burned while passing through the temperature range of 200 to 600 ° C and the shrinkage was carried out in a short time in the range of 900 to 1050 ° C without deformation of the body. The sintered resistance body 1 had a diameter of 35 mm with a length of 240 mm and a density of 5500 kg / m '(98% of the theoretical value).

Die Kontaktierung des monolithischen Sinterkörpers erfolgte durch einmaliges Flammspritzen seiner Stirnflächen (3) mit Aluminium. Der elektrische Uebergang erfolgte mittels Druckkontakten (Kontaktfedern 4). Der fertige kontaktierte Sinterkörper wurde nun mit einer 6 mm dicken Schicht eines temperaturbeständigen organischen Materials, im vorliegenden Fall eines Epoxydharzes versehen. Dieser hohlzylindrische glatte Mantel für Innenraumaufstellung des Ableiters wurde durch Umgiessen des Widerstandskörpers 1 hergestellt. Für Freiluftaufstellung kann der Mantel mit Schirmen bzw. Rippen zwecks Vergrösserung der Oberfläche versehen werden.The monolithic sintered body was contacted by flame spraying its end faces (3) with aluminum once. The electrical transition was carried out by means of pressure contacts (contact springs 4). The finished contacted sintered body was now provided with a 6 mm thick layer of a temperature-resistant organic material, in the present case an epoxy resin. This hollow cylindrical, smooth jacket for the interior installation of the arrester was produced by encapsulating the resistance body 1. For outdoor installation, the jacket can be provided with screens or ribs to enlarge the surface.

Ausführungsbeispiel II:Working example II:

Es wurde ein Ueberspannungsableiter mit einem Widerstandskörper 1 gleicher Abmessungen und Zusammensetzung wie in Beispiel I hergestellt. Die Verfahrensschritte des Mischens, Mahlens und Trocknens der Ausgangsstoffe entsprechen denjenigen des Beispiels I.An overvoltage arrester with a resistance body 1 of the same dimensions and composition as in Example I was produced. The process steps of mixing, grinding and drying the starting materials correspond to those of Example I.

Ca. 1,3 kg des Granulats wurden nun in eine hohlzylindrische Silikongummiform abgefüllt und nach dem Trockenmatrizenverfahren (Radialpressverfahren) kalt-isostatisch zu einem Pressling verdichtet. Die hohlzylindrische Form hatte einen Innendurchmesser von 69 mm bei einer Füllhöhe von 295 mm. Sie wurde stirnseitig durch einen Kolben abgeschlossen. Die von aussen eingeleiteten hydraulischen Kräfte wirkten dabei ausschliesslich radial (zweidimensional), während in axialer Richtung lediglich die Reaktionskräfte ausgeübt wurden, ohne eine Stauchung der Masse in dieser Richtung zu bewirken. Der hydrostatische Druck betrug 100 MPa. Der Pressling hatte eine Dichte von 2950 kg/m3 (53 % des theoretischen Wertes), einen Durchmesser von 43 mm und eine Höhe von 295 mm.Approx. 1.3 kg of the granules were then filled into a hollow cylindrical silicone rubber mold and cold-isostatically compressed to a compact by the dry matrix process (radial press process). The hollow cylindrical shape had an inner diameter of 69 mm with a filling height of 295 mm. It was closed at the end by a piston. The hydraulic forces introduced from the outside had an exclusively radial (two-dimensional) effect, while in the axial direction only the reaction forces were exerted without causing the mass to compress in this direction. The hydrostatic pressure was 100 MPa. The compact had a density of 2950 kg / m 3 (53% of the theoretical value), a diameter of 43 mm and a height of 295 mm.

Der Pressling wurde nun aus der.Form genommen und bei einer Temperatur von 1200°C während 2 h in analoger Weise wie unter Beispiel I angegeben, gesintert. Der fertige Sinterkörper hatte einen Durchmesser von 35 mm bei einer Länge von 240 mm und einer Dichte von 5500 kg/m' (98 % des theoretischen Wertes).The compact was then removed from the mold and sintered at a temperature of 1200 ° C. for 2 h in an analogous manner to that given in Example I. The finished sintered body had a diameter of 35 mm with a length of 240 mm and a density of 5500 kg / m '(98% of the theoretical value).

Zusätzlich zur stirnseitigen Metallisierung wurden zwecks Verstärkung auf den Stirnseiten des Widerstandskörpers 1 metallische Kontakte aufgelötet. Schliesslich wurde der Widerstandskörper 1 mit einem glatten Schrumpfschlauch aus Silikonmaterial als Isolierkörper 2 (Mantel) versehen.In addition to the metallization on the end face, 1 metal contacts were soldered onto the end faces of the resistance body for reinforcement. Finally, the resistance body 1 was provided with a smooth shrink tube made of silicone material as an insulating body 2 (jacket).

Das Pressverfahren nach Beispiel II hat den Vorteil, dass der Pressling in seiner für die Betriebsspannung massgebenden axialen Länge besser definiert ist und diese durch Verstellen des stirnseitigen Kolbens leicht geändert, korrigiert und den Betriebsbedürfnissen angepasst werden kann. Dies ist im vorliegenden Fall der Fertigung monolithischer Widerstandskörper von besonderer Bedeutung, da die Anpassung an die Betriebsspannung nicht - wie für herkömmliche, aus einer Anzahl Scheiben bestehende Ableiter - nachträglich durch Variation der Scheibenzahl erfolgen kann. Auch eignet sich dieses Verfahren besser zur Automatisation und Massenproduktion.The pressing method according to Example II has the advantage that the compact is defined better in its axial length, which is decisive for the operating voltage, and this can be easily changed, corrected and adjusted to the operating requirements by adjusting the piston at the end. This is particularly important in the present case of the manufacture of monolithic resistance bodies This is important because the adjustment to the operating voltage cannot - as is the case for conventional arresters consisting of a number of disks - be carried out retrospectively by varying the number of disks. This method is also more suitable for automation and mass production.

Im Falle der Beispiele I und 11 betrug die Dauerbetriebsspannung des Ableiters 24 kV, die Restspannung unter einer Stosswelle von 10 kA, 8/20 µs 70 kV.In the case of Examples I and 11, the continuous operating voltage of the arrester was 24 kV, the residual voltage under a shock wave of 10 kA, 8/20 µs 70 kV.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. Beim Vorverdichten soll im allgemeinen ein Pressling von mindestens 40 % Dichte und beim Sintern ein Sinterkörper von mindestens 90 % Dichte bezogen auf den theoretischen Wert erreicht werden. Das Höhen- zu Durchmesserverhältnis des Widerstandskörpers kann allgemein > 1 sein. Der Widerstandskörper kann auch eine andere als glatte Zylinderform (Fig. 1) aufweisen. Er kann z.B. aussen durch Rippen bzw. Rillen begrenzt sein (Fig. 2) oder eine Bohrung besitzen (Hohlzylinder nach Fig. 3).The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments. In general, a compact of at least 40% density should be achieved during pre-compression and a sintered body of at least 90% density based on the theoretical value during sintering. The height to diameter ratio of the resistance body can generally be> 1. The resistance body can also have a cylindrical shape other than smooth (FIG. 1). He can e.g. be limited on the outside by ribs or grooves (FIG. 2) or have a bore (hollow cylinder according to FIG. 3).

Der Isolierkörper (Mantel) kann als umgossehe Masse in Epoxydharz, Polymerbeton, Silikonharz oder als Umhüllung in Form eines Schrumpfschlauches, einer Beschichtung, eines Anstrichs oder einer Verglasung ausgeführt werden.The insulating body (jacket) can be designed as a encapsulated mass in epoxy resin, polymer concrete, silicone resin or as a covering in the form of a shrink tube, a coating, a coat of paint or a glazing.

Im einfachsten Fall für Innenraumaufstellung besteht der Ableiter lediglich aus einem mit Glas, Lack oder Kunststoff dünn beschichteten Widerstandskörper mit stirnseitig angepressten federnden Metallkontakten.In the simplest case for indoor installation, the arrester consists only of a resistance body thinly coated with glass, lacquer or plastic with resilient metal contacts pressed onto the end face.

Dank monolithischer Ausführung des Widerstandskörpers (Varistorkörper) ist der konstruktiven Gestaltung des Ueberspannungsableiters praktisch keine Grenze gesetzt.Thanks to the monolithic design of the resistance body (varistor body), there are practically no limits to the structural design of the surge arrester.

Claims (7)

1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ueberspannungsableiters unter Verwendung eines aktiven Widerstandskörpers (1) aus einem spannungsabhängigen Widerstandsmaterial auf ZnO-Basis, wobei ZnO-Pulver mit zusätzlichen Metalloxydpulvern gemischt, einer Wärmebehandlung unterworfen und kalt vorverdichtet und der auf diese Weise erzeugte Pressling einem Sinterprozess unterworfen, der Sinterkörper mechanisch bearbeitet, kontaktiert und mit den übrigen Bauelementen wie Isolierkörper, Armaturen und Stromzuführungen zusammengebaut wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Zn0-und weitere Metalloxydpulver enthaltende Pulvermischung in ein rieselfähiges Granulat übergeführt und letzteres in eine hochelastische, möglichst der Endform des Widerstandskörpers (1) ähnliche Hohlform abgefüllt und kalt, isostatisch oder radial zu einem einzigen monolithischen, der Endform des Widerstandskörpers entsprechenden kompakten Pressling mit mindestens 40 % der theoretischen Dichte gepresst und dieser vorverdichtete Pressling in einem nachfolgenden Sinterprozess auf eine Dichte von mindestens 90 % des theoretischen Wertes zu einem einzigen monolithischen Widerstandskörper (1) mit beliebigen Endabmessungen dichtgesintert wird und dass der gesinterte Widerstandskörper (1) abschliessend an seinen beiden Stirnseiten mechanisch bearbeitet und kontaktiert und durch Umhüllen oder Beschichten mit einem Isolierkörper (2) in Form eines Mantels versehen wird und mit allen übrigen Bauelementen zu einem fertigen Körper zusammengebaut wird.1. A method for producing a surge arrester using an active resistance body (1) made of a voltage-dependent resistance material based on ZnO, wherein ZnO powder is mixed with additional metal oxide powders, subjected to heat treatment and cold pre-compacted, and the compact produced in this way is subjected to a sintering process, the sintered body is mechanically processed, contacted and assembled with the other components such as the insulating body, fittings and power supply lines, characterized in that a powder mixture containing ZnO and other metal oxide powders is converted into a free-flowing granulate and the latter into a highly elastic, possibly the final shape of the resistance body (1 ) similar hollow form filled and cold, isostatically or radially pressed into a single monolithic compact compact corresponding to the final shape of the resistance body with at least 40% of the theoretical density and this pre-compressed Pr in a subsequent sintering process to a density of at least 90% of the theoretical value to form a single monolithic resistance body (1) with any final dimensions and that the sintered resistance body (1) is then mechanically processed and contacted on its two end faces and by wrapping or coating is provided with an insulating body (2) in the form of a jacket and is assembled with all other components to form a finished body. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein aktiver Widerstandskörper (1) von säulenförmigen Abmessungen mit einem Höhen- zu Durchmesserverhältnis von (1) vorverdichtet wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an active resistance body (1) of columnar dimensions with a height to diameter ratio of (1) is pre-compressed. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Isolierkörper (2) als ein den aktiven Widerstandskörper (1) umgebender Mantel ausgeführt wird, dergestalt, dass der Widerstandskörper (1) mit einem Kunststoff, bestehend aus Epoxydharz oder Polymerbeton oder Silikonharz oder -Elastomer umgossen oder mit einem Schrumpfschlauch aus Kunststoff überzogen oder mit einem Anstrich aus einem Kunststoff versehen oder mit einem Glas beschichtet wird.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating body (2) is designed as a jacket surrounding the active resistance body (1), in such a way that the resistance body (1) with a plastic consisting of epoxy resin or polymer concrete or silicone resin or - Pour over the elastomer or cover it with a plastic shrink tube or coat it with a plastic coating or coat it with a glass. 4. Ueberspannungsableiter bestehend aus einem aktiven Widerstandskörper (1) aus einem spannungsabhängigen Widerstandsmaterial auf ZnO-Basis, einem Isolierkörper (2) sowie als Elektroden (5, 6) dienenden Anschlussstücken für die elektrischen Verbindungen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der aktive Widerstandskörper (1) unabhängig von der anzulegenden Betriebsspannung aus einem einzigen, kompakten, monolithischen, beliebige Abmessungen und beliebige Form aufweisenden Werkstück besteht, welches insgesamt nur 2, an gegenüberliegenden Stirnflächen (3) aufgebrachte Kontaktflächen besitzt.4. surge arrester consisting of an active resistance body (1) made of a voltage-dependent resistance material based on ZnO, an insulating body (2) and connecting pieces for the electrical connections serving as electrodes (5, 6), characterized in that the active resistance body (1) Regardless of the operating voltage to be applied, it consists of a single, compact, monolithic workpiece of any dimensions and shape, which has a total of only 2 contact surfaces applied to opposite end faces (3). 5. Ueberspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Widerstandskörper (1) im wesentlichen eine zylindrische oder eine hohlzylindrische Form mit einem Verhältnis Höhe zu Durchmesser 1 besitzt.5. surge arrester according to claim 4, characterized in that the resistance body (1) has a substantially cylindrical or a hollow cylindrical shape with a ratio of height to diameter 1. 6. Ueberspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Widerstandskörper (1) an jeder stirnseitigen Endpartie mindestens je eine ringförmige Nut zur Verbesserung der Haftung gegenüber der benachbarten Elektrode (5, 6) besitzt.6. surge arrester according to claim 5, characterized in that the resistance body (1) has at each end portion at least one annular groove to improve the adhesion to the adjacent electrode (5, 6). 7. Ueberspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Isolierkörper (2) aus einem im Innern im wesentlichen durch eine Zylinderfläche begrenzten Mantel aus einem Giessharz oder einem Schrumpfschlauch oder einem Anstrich oder einem Glas besteht.7. surge arrester according to claim 4, characterized in that the insulating body (2) consists of an inside essentially delimited by a cylindrical surface jacket made of a casting resin or a shrink tube or a paint or a glass.
EP85115554A 1985-02-07 1985-12-06 Method for the production of an overvoltage diversion utilizing a zno-based varistor, and overvoltage diversion thus produced Expired - Lifetime EP0196370B1 (en)

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EP0518386A2 (en) * 1988-03-23 1992-12-16 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Lightning arrester insulator and method of making the same
US5012383A (en) * 1988-03-23 1991-04-30 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Lightning arrestor insulator and method of producing the same
EP0334647A1 (en) * 1988-03-23 1989-09-27 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Lightning arrestor insulator and method of producing the same
EP0518386A3 (en) * 1988-03-23 1993-11-10 Ngk Insulators Ltd Lightning arrester insulator and method of making the same
DE4319986A1 (en) * 1993-06-11 1994-12-15 Siemens Ag Surge arresters
DE19701243A1 (en) * 1997-01-16 1998-07-23 Asea Brown Boveri Column-shaped, high-current-resistant resistor, in particular varistor based on a metal oxide, and method for producing such a resistor
EP0859377A2 (en) * 1997-01-16 1998-08-19 Asea Brown Boveri AG Pillar-like, high current stable resistor, especially varistor based on metal oxide, and manufacturing process of such a resistor
EP0859377A3 (en) * 1997-01-16 1998-12-09 Asea Brown Boveri AG Pillar-like, high current stable resistor, especially varistor based on metal oxide, and manufacturing process of such a resistor
US6342828B1 (en) * 1997-01-16 2002-01-29 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Resistor which is designed in the form of a column and is resistant to high current in particular a varistor on a metal-oxide base, and method for producing such a resistor
EP0974984A1 (en) * 1998-07-20 2000-01-26 Harris Ireland Development Company Limited Manufacture of varistors
WO2013103494A1 (en) * 2011-12-14 2013-07-11 Tyco Electronics Corporation High amperage surge arresters comprising monlithic bars varistor and heat sink thermal transfert system
US8629751B2 (en) 2011-12-14 2014-01-14 Tyco Electronics Corporation High amperage surge arresters

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA859752B (en) 1986-08-27
ATE52633T1 (en) 1990-05-15
EP0196370B1 (en) 1990-05-09
IN166508B (en) 1990-05-19
JPH0630288B2 (en) 1994-04-20
DE3508030A1 (en) 1986-08-07
DE3577616D1 (en) 1990-06-13
US4729053A (en) 1988-03-01
US4811478A (en) 1989-03-14
BR8505988A (en) 1986-12-09
IN167087B (en) 1990-08-25
US4816959A (en) 1989-03-28
JPS61183903A (en) 1986-08-16

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