EP0186034A2 - Polymer thickener for aqueous hydraulic fluids - Google Patents

Polymer thickener for aqueous hydraulic fluids Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0186034A2
EP0186034A2 EP85115674A EP85115674A EP0186034A2 EP 0186034 A2 EP0186034 A2 EP 0186034A2 EP 85115674 A EP85115674 A EP 85115674A EP 85115674 A EP85115674 A EP 85115674A EP 0186034 A2 EP0186034 A2 EP 0186034A2
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Prior art keywords
hydraulic fluids
carbon atoms
weight
aqueous hydraulic
polymers
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0186034A3 (en
Inventor
Otto Hitzler
Horst Dr. Pennewiss
August Fröhlich
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Roehm GmbH Darmstadt
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Roehm GmbH Darmstadt
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
    • C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
    • C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M149/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M149/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M149/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M151/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M151/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/022—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/022—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group
    • C10M2217/023—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group the amino group containing an ester bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/024—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/028—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2221/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2221/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions of monomers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to polymeric thickeners based on esters or amides of acrylic or methacrylic acid containing dialkylamino groups.
  • Hydraulic fluids based on water containing polymeric thickeners became particularly important.
  • thickeners are known to contain water-soluble polymers with hydrophobic groups and a water-dispersible surface-active agent which has hydrophobic groups which associate with the hydrophobic groups of the polymer, the ratio of the water-soluble polymer and the dispersing agent being such that that under normal conditions water with a Content of 0.5% by weight of the thickener has at least twice the viscosity as untreated water.
  • aqueous hydraulic fluids especially HWCFs
  • the aqueous hydraulic fluids usually contain, in addition to the polymeric thickeners, corrosion protection agents, wear protection additives, antioxidants, surfactants and the like
  • the poor compatibility of polymeric thickeners on the one hand and the other additives (packages) on the other hand is often problematic. It was also unsatisfactory that, at the same time as the polymeric thickeners, it was generally necessary to add emulsifiers or dispersants tailored to these thickeners. Another problem is the often unsatisfactory shear stability of the polymeric thickeners.
  • the polymers P have average molecular weights (weight average) M between 50,000 and 300,000, preferably between 100,000 and 200,000. Furthermore, the viscosity of an aqueous solution containing 10% by weight of polymer P should be x) preferably 0.5-5, ⁇ 25 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C. Polymers P in which the monomers of the formula I are composed of dialkylaminoalkylamides of acrylic or methacrylic acid are particularly preferred.
  • N, N-dimethyl and diethylaminoalkyl compounds such as, for example, the N, N-dimethylaminoethylacrylamide and methacrylamide and in particular the N, N-dimethylaminopropylacrylamide and methacrylamide and the N, N-dimethyl-N- (2 -acrylate- or methacryloyl) -oxyethyl) -aminoacetic acid betaine.
  • Particularly suitable monomers of the formula I are the esters of alkanols with C 8 -C 18 carbon atoms.
  • Examples include the esters of C 10 alcohols, especially isodecyl methacrylate.
  • the polymers P can thus be prepared by radical polymerization of the monomers of the general formulas I and II in bulk or in aqueous or in aqueous-alcoholic solution, usually with addition of 0.1-1% by weight (based on the monomers) ) free radical initiators, especially peroxidic initiators such as. tert-butyl perisooctoate or tert-butyl perpivalate and the above-mentioned regulators of the type of tert-alkyl mercaptans such as e.g. tert. Dodecyl mercaptan in amounts of 0.2-1% by weight (based on the monomers) and at temperatures in the range 50-100 ° C. preferably sulfur regulator, in particular
  • the photopolymerization can also be carried out with the addition of sensitizers or initiators such as aromatic keto compounds, e.g. Benzoin or in particular benzoin ethers such as e.g. Benzoin ethyl ether in amounts of 0.1-1% by weight (based on the monomers) and the abovementioned tert-alkyl mercaptan regulators in amounts of 0.2-1% by weight are used.
  • sensitizers or initiators such as aromatic keto compounds, e.g. Benzoin or in particular benzoin ethers such as e.g. Benzoin ethyl ether in amounts of 0.1-1% by weight (based on the monomers) and the abovementioned tert-alkyl mercaptan regulators in amounts of 0.2-1% by weight are used.
  • Suitable light sources are e.g. UV sources such as stop lamps. Otherwise, the polymerization processes of the prior art can be followed. (See H. Rauch-Puntigam, Th. Völker, Acryl- und Methacrylitatien, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1967).
  • the aqueous hydraulic fluids Hfl according to the invention generally contain application concentrations of polymers P between 6 and 15% by weight, preferably between 6 and 12% by weight.
  • the additives (packets) of the prior art must be considered as predefined. These usually contain dispersants, antiwear agents, rust inhibitors and optionally biocides in the usual amounts. Zinc dithiophosphates, amino alcohols, polyisobutenyl succinimide with N-aminoalkyl substituents and oxyethylated alkylphenols are often part of such additive packages.
  • polymers P to be used according to the invention generally contain commercially available additives to aqueous hydraulic fluids, in the usual amounts, ie with commercially available Lichen additive packages proven to be compatible, usually not for phase separation. Separation of additive constituents etc. give cause.
  • the polymers P to be used according to the invention are distinguished by a shear behavior which is particularly well adapted to the stress.
  • a hydraulic gear pump of the type "Tyrone Mobil-Master P 16-45 is used to determine the shear stability. (Technical data: delivery volume 14.4 cm 3 / w; pressure: 70 bar; temperature 48 ° C; motor: three-phase motor power 4.0 kw, speed: 1425 rpm).
  • Test conditions HWCF filling according to the invention. Rinse cycle: 3000 g; Test run: 3500 g, flow rate: 15 1 / min, running time: 14 hours, taking 50 ml - samples after 0.5; 1, 2; 4; 6; 8th; 10 and 14 hours running time.
  • a solution in water containing 10% of polymer has a viscosity of 8.1 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C.
  • a 10% polymer solution, which additionally contains a commercially available additive (HWBF concentrate "Gulf TS 905"), has a viscosity of 22 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C.
  • the shear stability of this solution is determined in a gear pump of type Tyrone Mobil-Master P16-45 (14.4 em 3 / w) after 14 hours of operation at 48 ° C, 70 bar pressure, filling quantity 3.5 1 and delivery rate 15 1 / min measured.
  • the viscosity loss is 27.5%.
  • a solution in water containing 10% polymer and 5% of a commercially available additive has a viscosity of 40 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C and shows when testing the shear stability in the gear pump (see Example 1) a viscosity loss of 40%.
  • Solutions in water containing 10% polymer have a viscosity of 10 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C.
  • a solution of 10% of the polymer and 1% of a commercial additive show a viscosity of 32.7 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C.
  • the drop in viscosity in the gear pump (see example 1) is 45% after 14 hours of testing.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)

Abstract

Aqueous hydraulic fluids contain polymeric thickeners P with 95-100% by weight of one or more water-soluble monomers of the general formula I <IMAGE> in which R1 is hydrogen or a methyl group, X is -O- or -NR2, with R2 being hydrogen or an alkyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, Y is an alkylene group optionally substituted by C1-C3-alkyl radicals or hydroxyl groups and having 2 to 3 carbon atoms in the chain, and Z is a radical -SO3H, -NR3R4 or a radical <IMAGE> in which R3 and R4 and also R'3 and R'4 independently of one another are alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or form with one another, if appropriate with inclusion of a further nitrogen or oxygen atom, a five-membered or six-membered heterocyclic ring, and with 0-5% by weight of monomers of the general formula II <IMAGE> in which R'1 is hydrogen or methyl and R5 is an alkyl radical having 6-18 carbon atoms, the polymers P having mean molecular masses M of between 50,000 and 300,000.

Description

Gebiet der ErfindungField of the Invention

Die Erfindung betrifft polymere Verdickungsmittel auf Basis von dialkylaminogruppenhaltigen Estern oder Amiden der Acryl- bzw. Methacrylsäure.The invention relates to polymeric thickeners based on esters or amides of acrylic or methacrylic acid containing dialkylamino groups.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die verschiedenen Ölkrisen und die weltweite Versorgungslage mit Erdölprodukten gaben Anlaß zur verstärkten Suche nach - alternativen Lösungen für Hydraulikflüssigkeiten, die weniger von Erdöl abhängig sind. Dabei gewannen insbesondere Hydraulikflüssigkeiten auf der Basis von Wasser, die polymere Verdickungsmittel enthalten, an Bedeutung. Die Tendenz ging insbesondere in Richtung der Entwicklung von Hydraulikflüssigkeiten mit hohem Wassergehalt (High water content hydraulic fluids = HWCF's), d.h. mit einem Wassergehalt von 80 - 95 %. (Vgl. Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 3rd. Ed., Vol. 12, S. 712-733, John Wiley, 1980).The various oil crises and the global supply of petroleum products gave rise to the search for - alternative solutions for hydraulic fluids that are less dependent on petroleum. Hydraulic fluids based on water containing polymeric thickeners became particularly important. The trend was particularly towards the development of high water content hydraulic fluids (HWCF's), i.e. with a water content of 80 - 95%. (See Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 3rd. Ed., Vol. 12, pp. 712-733, John Wiley, 1980).

Aus dem europ. Patent 57 875 sind Verdickungsmittel bekannt, wasserlösliche Polymere mit hydrophoben Gruppen und ein in Wasser dispergierbares oberflächenaktives Mittel, das hydrophobe Gruppen besitzt, die sich mit den hydrophoben Gruppen des Polymeren assoziieren, enthalten, wobei das Verhältnis des wasserlöslichen Polymeren und des Dispersionsmittels so bemessen ist, daß bei Normalbedingungen Wasser mit einem Gehalt von 0,5 Gew.-% an dem Verdickungsmittel mindestens die doppelte Viskosität wie unbehandeltes Wasser aufweist.From the European Patent 57,875, thickeners are known to contain water-soluble polymers with hydrophobic groups and a water-dispersible surface-active agent which has hydrophobic groups which associate with the hydrophobic groups of the polymer, the ratio of the water-soluble polymer and the dispersing agent being such that that under normal conditions water with a Content of 0.5% by weight of the thickener has at least twice the viscosity as untreated water.

Aufgabetask

Die Verdickungsmittel des Standes der Technik für wäßrige Systeme konnten jedoch nicht völlig befriedigen. Die wäßrigen Hydraulikflüssigkeiten, speziell HWCF's, enthalten in der Regel neben den polymeren Verdickern noch Korrosionsschutzmittel, Verschleißschutzadditive, Antioxidantien, Tenside u.ä. Problematisch ist häufig die mangelnde Verträglichkeit von polymeren Verdickungsmitteln einerseits und den übrigen Zusätzen (Paketen) andererseits. Unbefriedigend war ferner, daß zugleich mit den polymeren Verdickungsmitteln im allgemeinen auf diese Verdickungsmittel zugeschnittene Emulgier-oder Dispergiermittel zugesetzt werden mußten. Ein weiteres Problem stellt die vielfach unbefriedigende Scherstabilität der polymeren Verdickungsmittel dar.However, the prior art thickeners for aqueous systems have not been entirely satisfactory. The aqueous hydraulic fluids, especially HWCFs, usually contain, in addition to the polymeric thickeners, corrosion protection agents, wear protection additives, antioxidants, surfactants and the like The poor compatibility of polymeric thickeners on the one hand and the other additives (packages) on the other hand is often problematic. It was also unsatisfactory that, at the same time as the polymeric thickeners, it was generally necessary to add emulsifiers or dispersants tailored to these thickeners. Another problem is the often unsatisfactory shear stability of the polymeric thickeners.

Lösungsolution

Es wurde gefunden, daß wäßrige Hydraulikflüssigkeiten, die als Verdickungsmittel Polymerisate P mit einem Gehalt von 95 - 100 Gew.-% an einem oder mehreren wasserlöslichen Monomeren der allgemeinen Formel I

Figure imgb0001
worin R1 für Wasserstoff oder eine Methylgruppe,
Figure imgb0002
steht, worin R2 Wasserstoff oder einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 3 Kohlenstoffatomen bedeutet,

  • Y für eine, gegebenenfalls mit C1-C3-Alkylresten oder mit Hydroxylgruppen substituierte Alkylengruppe mit 2 bis 3 Kohlenstoffatcmen in der Kette und
  • Z für einen Rest -SO3H, -NR3R4 oder einen Rest
    Figure imgb0003
    worin R3 und R4 sowie R'3 und
  • R'4 unabhängig voneinander für Alkylreste mit 1 bis
  • 4 Kohlenstoffatomen bedeuten
    oder miteinander, gegebenenfalls unter Einbeziehung eines weiteren Stickstoff- oder Sauerstoffatoms einen fünf- oder sechsgliedrigen Heterocyclus bilden und zu einem Gehalt von 0 -5, Gew.-% an Monaneren der allgemeinen Formel II
    Figure imgb0004
    worin R'1 für Wasserstoff oder Methyl und R5 für einen
It has been found that aqueous hydraulic fluids, the polymers P as thickeners with a content of 95-100% by weight of one or more water-soluble monomers of the general formula I
Figure imgb0001
 wherein R 1 represents hydrogen or a methyl group,
Figure imgb0002
 in which R 2 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms,
  • Y for an alkylene group which is optionally substituted by C 1 -C 3 -alkyl radicals or by hydroxyl groups and has 2 to 3 carbon atoms in the chain and
  • Z for a residue -SO 3 H, -NR 3 R 4 or a residue
    Figure imgb0003
     wherein R 3 and R 4 and R ' 3 and
  • R ' 4 independently of one another for alkyl radicals with 1 to
  • 4 carbon atoms
    or with one another, optionally with the inclusion of a further nitrogen or oxygen atom, form a five- or six-membered heterocycle and at a content of 0 -5% by weight of monaners of the general formula II
    Figure imgb0004
     wherein R ' 1 for hydrogen or methyl and R 5 for one

Alkylrest mit 6 - 18 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, enthalten,
wobei die Polymerisate P mittlere Molmassen (Gewichtsmittel) M zwischen 50 000 und 300 000, vorzugsweise zwischen 100 000 und 200 000 besitzen. Ferner soll die Viskosität einer 10 Gew.-% an Polymerisat P enthaltenden wäßrigen Lösung
x) vorzugsweise 0,5-5,
≤25 mm2/s bei 40°C liegen. Besonders bevorzugt sind Polymerisate P, worin die Monomeren der Formel I aus Dialkylaminoalkylamiden der Acryl- bzw. der Methacrylsäure aufgebaut sind. Besonders genannt seien die N,N-Dimethyl- und die Diethylaminoalkylverbindungen, wie z.B. das N,N-Dimethyl- aminoethylacrylamid und -methacrylamid und insbesondere das N,N-Dimethylaminopropylacrylamid und -methacrylamid sowie das N,N-Dimethyl-N-(2-acrylat- oder methacryloyl)-oxyethyl)-aminoessigsäurebetain .Alkyl radical having 6 to 18 carbon atoms,
the polymers P have average molecular weights (weight average) M between 50,000 and 300,000, preferably between 100,000 and 200,000. Furthermore, the viscosity of an aqueous solution containing 10% by weight of polymer P should be
x) preferably 0.5-5,
≤25 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C. Polymers P in which the monomers of the formula I are composed of dialkylaminoalkylamides of acrylic or methacrylic acid are particularly preferred. Particular mention should be made of the N, N-dimethyl and diethylaminoalkyl compounds, such as, for example, the N, N-dimethylaminoethylacrylamide and methacrylamide and in particular the N, N-dimethylaminopropylacrylamide and methacrylamide and the N, N-dimethyl-N- (2 -acrylate- or methacryloyl) -oxyethyl) -aminoacetic acid betaine.

Als Monomere der Formel I kommen insbesondere die Ester von Alkanolen mit C8-C18-Kohlenstoffatomen infrage. Genannt seien z.B. die Ester von C10-Alkoholen, speziell das Isodecylmethacrylat.Particularly suitable monomers of the formula I are the esters of alkanols with C 8 -C 18 carbon atoms. Examples include the esters of C 10 alcohols, especially isodecyl methacrylate.

Die Einhaltung des Molekulargewichtsbereichs der erfindungsgemäß anwendbaren Polymerisate P wird durch Anwendung von Reglern vom Typ der tert.-Alkyl-Mercaptoverbindungen sichergestellt. Eine zusätzliche Reglerwirkung geht im übrigen von zugesetztem Isopropanol aus, sofern in Lösung polymerisiert wird.Compliance with the molecular weight range of the polymers P which can be used according to the invention is ensured by using regulators of the tert-alkyl mercapto compound type. An additional regulating effect is based on added isopropanol, provided that polymerization is carried out in solution.

Die Herstellung der Polymerisate P kann somit durch radikalische Polymerisation der Monomeren der allgemeinen Formel I und II in Substanz oder in wäßriger bzw. in wäßrig-alkoholischer Lösung erfolgen, gewöhnlich unter Zusatz von 0,1 - 1 Gew.-% (bezogen auf die Moncmeren) radikalbildenden Initiatoren, insbesondere peroxidischer Initiatoren wie z..B. tert.-Butylperisooctoat oder tert.-Butylperpivalat und den genannten Reglern vcm Typ der tert.-Alkylmercaptane wie z.B. tert. Dodecylmercaptan in Mengen von 0,2 - 1 Gew.-% (bezogen auf die Moncmeren) und bei Temperaturen im Bereich 50 - 100°C. vorzugsweise Schwefelregler, insbesondereThe polymers P can thus be prepared by radical polymerization of the monomers of the general formulas I and II in bulk or in aqueous or in aqueous-alcoholic solution, usually with addition of 0.1-1% by weight (based on the monomers) ) free radical initiators, especially peroxidic initiators such as. tert-butyl perisooctoate or tert-butyl perpivalate and the above-mentioned regulators of the type of tert-alkyl mercaptans such as e.g. tert. Dodecyl mercaptan in amounts of 0.2-1% by weight (based on the monomers) and at temperatures in the range 50-100 ° C. preferably sulfur regulator, in particular

Sofern die Polymerisation in Substanz erfolgt, kann auch die Photopolymerisation unter Zusatz von Sensibilisatoren bzw. Initiatoren wie aromatische Ketoverbindungen, z.B. Benzoin oder insbesondere Benzoinether wie z.B. Benzoinethylether in Mengen von 0,1 - 1 Gew.-% (bezogen auf die Moncmeren) und den genannten tert.-Alkylmercaptan-Reglern in Mengen von 0,2 - 1 Gew.-% angewendet werden.If the polymerization is carried out in bulk, the photopolymerization can also be carried out with the addition of sensitizers or initiators such as aromatic keto compounds, e.g. Benzoin or in particular benzoin ethers such as e.g. Benzoin ethyl ether in amounts of 0.1-1% by weight (based on the monomers) and the abovementioned tert-alkyl mercaptan regulators in amounts of 0.2-1% by weight are used.

Als Lichtquelle eignen sich z.B. UV-Quellen wie Pauslampen. Im übrigen kann im Anschluß an die Polymerisationsverfahren des Standes der Technik vorgegangen werden. (Vgl. H. Rauch-Puntigam, Th. Völker, Acryl- und Methacrylverbindungen, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1967).Suitable light sources are e.g. UV sources such as stop lamps. Otherwise, the polymerization processes of the prior art can be followed. (See H. Rauch-Puntigam, Th. Völker, Acryl- und Methacrylverbindungen, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1967).

Wegen der Wasserlöslichkeit der Polymerisate P gestaltet sich das Einbringen der Polymerisate in wäßrige Lösung zur Herstellung der Hydraulikflüssigkeiten Hfl problemlos.Because of the water solubility of the polymers P, the introduction of the polymers into an aqueous solution for the production of the hydraulic fluids Hfl is problem-free.

Die erfindungsgemäßen wäßrigen Hydraulikflüssigkeiten Hfl enthalten in der Regel Anwendungskonzentrationen an Polymerisaten P zwischen 6 und 15 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise zwischen 6 und 12 Gew.-%. Als vorgegeben müssen die Additive (Pakete) des Standes der Technik betrachtet werden. Diese enthalten gewöhnlich Dispergiermittel, Antiverschleißmittel, Rostinhibitoren und gegebenenfalls Biocide in den dafür üblichen Mengen. So gehören häufig Zinkdithiophosphate, Aminoalkohole, Polyisobutenylsuccinimid mit N-Aminoalkylsubstituenten sowie oxyethylierte Alkylphenole zum Bestand derartiger AdditivPakete.The aqueous hydraulic fluids Hfl according to the invention generally contain application concentrations of polymers P between 6 and 15% by weight, preferably between 6 and 12% by weight. The additives (packets) of the prior art must be considered as predefined. These usually contain dispersants, antiwear agents, rust inhibitors and optionally biocides in the usual amounts. Zinc dithiophosphates, amino alcohols, polyisobutenyl succinimide with N-aminoalkyl substituents and oxyethylated alkylphenols are often part of such additive packages.

Es muß als ein erheblicher Vorteil der erfindungsgemäß anzuwendenden Polymerisate P gelten, daß sie sich in der Regel mit handelsüblichen Zusätzen zu wäßrigen Hydraulikflüssigkeiten, in den üblichen Mengen, d.h. mit handelsüblichen Additiv-Paketen als verträglich erwiesen, also gewöhnlich nicht zur Phasentrennung. Abscheidung von Additiv-Bestandteilen u.ä.Anlaß geben.It must be regarded as a considerable advantage of the polymers P to be used according to the invention that they generally contain commercially available additives to aqueous hydraulic fluids, in the usual amounts, ie with commercially available Lichen additive packages proven to be compatible, usually not for phase separation. Separation of additive constituents etc. give cause.

Desweiteren zeichnen sich die erfindungsgemäß anzuwendenden Polymerisate P durch ein der Beanspruchung besonders gut angepaßtes Scherverhalten aus.Furthermore, the polymers P to be used according to the invention are distinguished by a shear behavior which is particularly well adapted to the stress.

Vom Stand der Technik heben sie sich vorteilhaft dadurch ab, daß auf den Zusatz spezifischer, speziell auf den Polymerisattyp zugeschnittener Emulgatoren zu der Wasserphase verzichtet werden kann. Auch die erforderlichen Zusatzmengen zu den Hydraulikflüssigkeiten Hfl liegen in einem anderen Bereich als im Stand der Technik gewöhnlich vorgesehen. Es konnte nicht erwartet werden, daß durch die vom Stand der Technik abweichenden Maßnahmen maßgebliche Verbesserungen in den Anwendungscharakteristiken erzielt werden könnten. Hervorzuheben ist z.B., daß bei Anwendung von signifikanten Anteilen von Acrylamid, Methacrylamid, Fumarsäureamid u.a. als Bestandteile der polymeren Verdickungsmittel diese verbesserten Gebrauchseigenschaften nicht erreicht werden können.They advantageously stand out from the prior art in that there is no need to add specific emulsifiers specially tailored to the polymer type to the water phase. The additional quantities required for the hydraulic fluids Hfl are also in a different range than is usually provided in the prior art. It could not be expected that significant improvements in the application characteristics could be achieved by the measures deviating from the prior art. It should be emphasized, for example, that when using significant proportions of acrylamide, methacrylamide, fumaric acid amide and others. as components of the polymeric thickeners, these improved performance properties cannot be achieved.

Die folgenden Beispiele dienen zur Erläuterung der Erfindung. Die Viskositätsmessungen werden im Kapillar-Viskosimeter nach Ubbelohde (vgl. L. Ubbelohde, Zur Viskosimetrie, 7. Auflage, S. Hirzel-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1965) vorgenommen.The following examples serve to illustrate the invention. The viscosity measurements are carried out in the Ubbelohde capillary viscometer (cf. L. Ubbelohde, Zur Viscomimetrie, 7th edition, S. Hirzel-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1965).

Zur Bestimmung der Scherstabilität wird eine Hydraulik-Zahnradpumpe vom Typ "Tyrone Mobil-Master P 16-45 herangezogen. (Techn. Daten: Fördervolumen 14,4 cm3/w; Druck: 70 bar; Temperatur 48°C; Motor: Drehstrommotor Leistung 4,0 kw, Drehzahl: 1425 U/min).A hydraulic gear pump of the type "Tyrone Mobil-Master P 16-45 is used to determine the shear stability. (Technical data: delivery volume 14.4 cm 3 / w; pressure: 70 bar; temperature 48 ° C; motor: three-phase motor power 4.0 kw, speed: 1425 rpm).

Prüfbedingungen: HWCF-Füllung gemäß Erfindung. Spüllauf: 3000 g; Prüflauf: 3500 g, Fließrate: 15 1/min, Laufzeit: 14 Stunden, Entnahme von 50 ml - Proben nach 0,5; 1, 2; 4; 6; 8; 10 und 14 Stunden Laufdauer.Test conditions: HWCF filling according to the invention. Rinse cycle: 3000 g; Test run: 3500 g, flow rate: 15 1 / min, running time: 14 hours, taking 50 ml - samples after 0.5; 1, 2; 4; 6; 8th; 10 and 14 hours running time.

Beispiel 1example 1

Ein Gemisch aus 1560 g (97,5 Gew.Teile, 9,18 mol) N-Dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamid, 40 g (2,5 Gew.Teile, 0,18 mol) Isodecylmethacrylat und 8 g (0,5 Gew.Teile) tert.-Butylperpivalat wird in 1200 g Isopropanol gelöst und im Verlauf von 3 Stunden in 1200 g auf 70°C geheiztes Isopropanol in N2-Atmosphäre unter Rühren eingetropft. Nach 5 Stunden werden 4 g des Peroxids nachgegeben und der Ansatz auspolymerisiert. Anschließend wird das Lösungsmittel im Vakuum entfernt. Eine 10 % Polymerisat enthaltende Lösung in Wasser hat bei 40°C eine Viskosität von 8,1 mm2/s. Eine 10 %ige Polymerisatlösung, die zusätzlich ein handelsübliches Additiv (HWBF-Konzentrat "Gulf TS 905") enthält, hat bei 40°C eine Viskosität von 22 mm2/s. Die Scherstabilität dieser Lösung wird in einer Zahnradpumpe von Typ Tyrone Mobil-Master P16-45 (14,4 em3/w) nach 14 Stunden Laufzeit bei 48°C, 70 bar Druck, Füllmenge 3,5 1 und Fördermenge 15 1/min gemessen. Der Viskositätsverlust beträgt 27,5 %.A mixture of 1560 g (97.5 parts by weight, 9.18 mol) of N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide, 40 g (2.5 parts by weight, 0.18 mol) of isodecyl methacrylate and 8 g (0.5 part by weight) of tert .-Butyl perpivalate is dissolved in 1200 g of isopropanol and added dropwise in 3 hours in 1200 g of isopropanol heated to 70 ° C. in an N 2 atmosphere with stirring. After 5 hours, 4 g of the peroxide are added and the mixture is polymerized. The solvent is then removed in vacuo. A solution in water containing 10% of polymer has a viscosity of 8.1 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C. A 10% polymer solution, which additionally contains a commercially available additive (HWBF concentrate "Gulf TS 905"), has a viscosity of 22 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C. The shear stability of this solution is determined in a gear pump of type Tyrone Mobil-Master P16-45 (14.4 em 3 / w) after 14 hours of operation at 48 ° C, 70 bar pressure, filling quantity 3.5 1 and delivery rate 15 1 / min measured. The viscosity loss is 27.5%.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Eine Lösung aus 2000 g (11,76 mol) N-Dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamid, 20 g tert.-Butylperpivalat, 70 g (0,35 mol) tert.-Dodecylmercaptan und 300 ml Isopropanol werden im Verlaufe von 3 Stunden unter Rühren in 2000 g auf 75°C geheiztes Isopropanol in N2-Atmosphäre getropft. Nach dem Auspolymerisieren unter weiterer Zugabe von 10 g Peroxid und 35 g Mercaptan wird das Isopropanol im Vakuum abgezogen. Die Viskosität einer 10 % Polymerisat enthaltenden Lösung in Wasser beträgt bei 40°C 8 mm2/s. Eine 10 % Polymerisat und 5 % eines handelsüblichen Additivs (HWBF-Konzentrat "Lubrizol 5601 B") enthaltende Lösung in Wasser hat bei 40°C eine Viskosität von 40 mm2/s und zeigt bei der Prüfung der Scherstabilität in der Zahnradpumpe (s. Beispiel 1) einen Viskositätsverlust von 40 %.A solution of 2000 g (11.76 mol) of N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide, 20 g of tert-butyl perpivalate, 70 g (0.35 mol) of tert-dodecyl mercaptan and 300 ml of isopropanol are added to 2000 g in the course of 3 hours with stirring 75 ° C heated isopropanol dropped in an N 2 atmosphere. After polymerization with further addition of 10 g of peroxide and 35 g of mercaptan, the isopropanol is removed in vacuo. The viscosity of a solution containing 10% polymer in Water is 8 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C. A solution in water containing 10% polymer and 5% of a commercially available additive (HWBF concentrate "Lubrizol 5601 B") has a viscosity of 40 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C and shows when testing the shear stability in the gear pump (see Example 1) a viscosity loss of 40%.

Beispiel 3Example 3

1200 g (95 Gew.Teile, 5,58 mol) N,N-Dimethyl-N-(2-methacryloyl- oxyethyl)aminoessigsäurebetain, 63 g (5 Gew.Teile, 0,28 mol) Isodecylmethacrylat, 12,6 g (1 Gew.Teil) tert.-Butylperpivalat und 15 g (0,08 mol) tert.-Dodecylmercaptan werden in 1263 g Isopropanol bei 75°C in N2-Atmosphäre unter Rühren polymerisiert. Nach dem Auspolymerisieren wird das Isopropanol im Vakuum abgezogen und durch Wasser ersetzt. 10 % Polymerisat enthaltende Lösungen in Wasser haben bei 40°C eine Viskosität von 10 mm2/s. Eine Lösung von 10 % des Polymerisates und 1 % eines handelsüblichen Additivs (HWBF-Konzentrates "Lubrizol 5601 B") zeigen bei 40°C eine Viskosität von 32,7 mm2/s. Der Viskositätsabfall in der Zahnradpumpe (s. Beispiel 1) beträgt nach 14 Stunden Prüfdauer 45 %.1200 g (95 parts by weight, 5.58 mol) of N, N-dimethyl-N- (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) aminoacetic acid betaine, 63 g (5 parts by weight, 0.28 mol) of isodecyl methacrylate, 12.6 g ( 1 part by weight of tert-butyl perpivalate and 15 g (0.08 mol) of tert-dodecyl mercaptan are polymerized in 1263 g of isopropanol at 75 ° C. in an N 2 atmosphere with stirring. After polymerization, the isopropanol is removed in vacuo and replaced with water. Solutions in water containing 10% polymer have a viscosity of 10 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C. A solution of 10% of the polymer and 1% of a commercial additive (HWBF concentrate "Lubrizol 5601 B") show a viscosity of 32.7 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C. The drop in viscosity in the gear pump (see example 1) is 45% after 14 hours of testing.

Claims (5)

1. Wäßrige Hydraulikflüssigkeiten, die polymere Verdickungsmittel enthalten,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß als Verdickungsmittel Polymerisate P mit einem Gehalt von 95 - 100 Gew.-% an einem oder mehreren wasserlöslichen Monomeren der allgemeinen Formel I
Figure imgb0005
worin R1 für Wasserstoff oder eine Methylgruppe X für -0- oder -NR2 steht, worin R2 Wasserstoff oder einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 3 Kohlenstoffatomen bedeutet, Y für eine, gegebenenfalls mit C1-C3-Alkylresten oder mit Hydroxygruppen substituierte Alkylengruppe mit 2 bis 3 Kohlenstoffatomen in der Kette und Z für einen Rest -SO3H, -NR3R4 oder einen Rest
Figure imgb0006
 worin R3 und R4, sowie R3 und R4 unabhängig voneinander für Alkylreste mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen bedeuten oder miteinander, gegebenenfalls unter Einbeziehung eines weiteren Stickstoff- oder Sauerstoffatoms einen fünf- oder sechsgliedrigen Heterocyclus bilden und mit einem Gehalt von 0 - 5 Gew.-% an Monomeren der allgemeinen Formel II
Figure imgb0007
worin R'1 für Wasserstoff oder Methyl und R5 für einen Alkylrest mit 6 - 18 Kohlenstoffatanen steht,
enthalten, wobei die Polymerisate P mittlere Molmassen M zwischen 50 000 und 300 000 besitzen. 1. Aqueous hydraulic fluids containing polymeric thickeners
characterized,
that as a thickener, polymers P containing 95-100% by weight of one or more water-soluble monomers of the general formula I
Figure imgb0005
wherein R 1 represents hydrogen or a methyl group X represents -0- or -NR 2 , in which R 2 represents hydrogen or an alkyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, Y for an alkylene group, optionally substituted with C 1 -C 3 alkyl radicals or with hydroxy groups, having 2 to 3 carbon atoms in the chain and Z for a residue -SO 3 H, -NR 3 R 4 or a residue
Figure imgb0006
 wherein R 3 and R 4 , and R3 and R4 independently of one another represent alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or together, optionally with the inclusion of a further nitrogen or oxygen atom, form a five- or six-membered heterocycle and with a content of 0 - 5% by weight of monomers of the general formula II
Figure imgb0007
where R ' 1 is hydrogen or methyl and R 5 is an alkyl radical having 6 to 18 carbonanes,
contain, the polymers P having average molecular weights M between 50,000 and 300,000. 2. Wäßrige Hydraulikflüssigkeiten gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Viskosität einer 10 Gew.-% des Polymerisats P enthaltenden Hydraulikflüssigkeit unterhalb 25 mm2/s bei 40°C liegt.2. Aqueous hydraulic fluids according to claim 1, characterized in that the viscosity of a hydraulic fluid containing 10% by weight of the polymer P is below 25 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C. 3. Wäßrige Hydraulikflüssigkeiten gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie handelsübliche Additive enthalten.3. Aqueous hydraulic fluids according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that they contain commercially available additives. 4. Wäßrige Hydraulikflüssigkeiten gemäß Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie ein handelsübliches Additivpaket enthalten.4. Aqueous hydraulic fluids according to claim 3, characterized in that they contain a commercially available additive package. 5. Wäßrige Hydraulikflüssigkeiten gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie ohne Zusatz weiterer, auf die Polymerisate P abgestimmter Dispergiermittel stabile Anwendungsformen insbesondere Lösungen bilden.5. Aqueous hydraulic fluids according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that they form stable use forms, in particular solutions, without the addition of further dispersants which are coordinated with the polymers P.
EP85115674A 1984-12-24 1985-12-10 Polymer thickener for aqueous hydraulic fluids Withdrawn EP0186034A3 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0279783A1 (en) * 1987-02-18 1988-08-24 Ciba-Geigy Ag Insecticides and parasiticides

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BR8805577A (en) * 1987-10-30 1989-07-11 Henkel Corp FIBER LUBRICANTS AND PROCESSES TO LUBRICATE TEXTILE FIBERS AND TO PERFECT THE LUBRICANT EFFECT OF A LUBRICANT
JPH03501267A (en) * 1988-07-25 1991-03-22 ハルコフスキー、アフトモビルノ‐ドロズヌイ、インスチツート、イメーニ、コムソモラ、ウクライヌイ non-flammable lubricating fluid

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3689470A (en) * 1969-09-10 1972-09-05 Rohm & Haas Method of producing betaines,monomers and polymers containing betaine-type units and novel and useful copolymers thereby obtained
EP0057875A2 (en) * 1981-02-06 1982-08-18 The Dow Chemical Company Water-dispersible hydrophobic thickening agent

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3689470A (en) * 1969-09-10 1972-09-05 Rohm & Haas Method of producing betaines,monomers and polymers containing betaine-type units and novel and useful copolymers thereby obtained
EP0057875A2 (en) * 1981-02-06 1982-08-18 The Dow Chemical Company Water-dispersible hydrophobic thickening agent

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0279783A1 (en) * 1987-02-18 1988-08-24 Ciba-Geigy Ag Insecticides and parasiticides

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