EP0179201B1 - Safety circuit for an electric primer - Google Patents

Safety circuit for an electric primer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0179201B1
EP0179201B1 EP85108803A EP85108803A EP0179201B1 EP 0179201 B1 EP0179201 B1 EP 0179201B1 EP 85108803 A EP85108803 A EP 85108803A EP 85108803 A EP85108803 A EP 85108803A EP 0179201 B1 EP0179201 B1 EP 0179201B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ignition
circuit
current
igniter
short
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP85108803A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0179201A3 (en
EP0179201A2 (en
Inventor
Friedrich Dr. Heinemeyer
Winfried Nass
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/40—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected electrically

Definitions

  • a safety circuit which is designed in accordance with the characterizing part of claim 1. It is thus advantageously possible to restore the handling safety in the case of ignition means of the type mentioned, the intended triggering of which has not been successful due to interruptions in the electrical system, by producing a defined short-circuit connection independent of the applied voltage in parallel with the ignition means. Such interruptions are critical because they can be unstable, so that after their disappearance, an unwanted triggering by stray currents would be possible. The actual existence of the short circuit connection can be checked by measuring the ignition circuit.
  • This fuse element is a short-circuit bridge, which is preferably designed as a wire soldered between the two supply lines, which can be specifically destroyed by means of a current of corresponding size and polarity due to a downstream blocking semiconductor element, preferably a blocking diode, without triggering the ignition means becomes.
  • a wire bridge e.g. a thin conductor track that burns or a low-resistance resistor that is interrupted can also be provided.
  • This short-circuit element represents an additional pre-safety device that is only canceled immediately before the intended triggering by means of a corresponding electrical current. Before this, it is possible to measure the ignition lines separately via this short-circuit element with regard to compliance with the required resistance data. After eliminating this pre-release, the entire ignition circuit can then be measured again in order to determine its perfect condition or a possible interruption or short circuit.
  • the bridge 7 is preferably a wire bridge soldered directly between the two supply lines 2 and 3. Seen from the supply side of the ignition energy, the blocking diode 8 is finally arranged behind the short-circuit bridge 7 in the feed line 2, which is designed here so that it blocks against a negative current.
  • the resistor 9 can then be provided parallel to the ignition means 1 in order to achieve a current branch.
  • component 10 which can be a resistor or a choke coil, can also be provided in the feed line 2 in a manner known per se.
  • strong interference voltages can occur, for example, when blasting in the vicinity of transformer stations, radar systems, high-voltage lines or areas prone to lightning, where extremely high stray current safety is required.
  • the short-circuit bridge 7 turns a sensitive ignition device into a highly insensitive one.
  • a short-circuit bridge 7 is deliberately destroyed by a negative voltage applied to the supply line 2, possibly after measuring the ignition lines beforehand, the blocking diode 8 preventing the ignition means 1 from being influenced. After removal of the short-circuit bridge 7, the entire ignition circuit can then optionally be measured. If it should be found that the resistance is infinite or at least significantly too large, a short circuit can be produced in a targeted manner in parallel with the ignition means 1 via the component 4 by means of a current of appropriate size.
  • the intended triggering of the ignition means 1 with a downstream detonatable charge takes place, if no faulty states of the ignition circuit have been determined, by applying a positive voltage of the appropriate size to the lead 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung befaßt sich mit einer Sicherheitsschaltung der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Art.The invention relates to a safety circuit of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Elektrische Zündmittel, wie Spalt- oder Brückenzündmittel, sind um so empfindlicher gegenüber unbeabsichtigte Zündungen, z.B. durch Streuströme oder Hochfrequenz-Einstreuungen, desto kleiner der für die Auslösung erforderliche Zündstrom ist. Um diese Zündmittel gegen ungewollte Zündung sicherer zu machen, sind verschiedene Maßnahmen bekannt. So werden z.B. gemäß US - A - 4 061 088, US - A - 3 295 447, US - A - 4 380 958, GB - A - 2 083 174 und DE - A - 2 259 378 spannungsresistente Kondensatoren oder nicht-lineare Widerstände der Art von Zener-Dioden mit bleibend von der Spannung abhängigem Widerstandswert oder lineare Widerstände oder Kurzschlußsteckverbindungen parallel zu den Zündmitteln angeordnet. Aufgrund der durch den parallel geschalteten Widerstand bedingten Stromverzweigung wird zwar eine Verkleinerung des über das Zündmittel fließenden Stromes und damit wiederum eine gewisse Erhöhung der Sicherheit erreicht, die aber noch immer nicht zufriedenstellt. Kurzschlußsteckverbindungen müssen vor der gewollten Auslösung der Zündmittel von Hand herausgezogen werden, so daß für einen mehr oder weniger langen Zeitraum keine Schutzwirkung besteht.Electrical ignition devices, such as gap or bridge ignition devices, are all the more sensitive to unintended ignitions, for example due to stray currents or high-frequency interference, the smaller the ignition current required for triggering. Various measures are known to make these ignition means safer against unwanted ignition. For example, according to US-A-4,061,088, US-A-3,295,447, US-A-4,380,958, GB-A-2,083,174 and DE-A-2,259,378, voltage-resistant capacitors or non-linear resistors are used the type of Zener diodes with a resistance-dependent resistance value or linear resistors or short-circuit plug connections arranged parallel to the ignition means. Due to the current branching caused by the parallel connection of the resistor, the current flowing through the ignition means is reduced and, in turn, a certain increase in safety is achieved, but this is still unsatisfactory. Short-circuit plug connections must be pulled out manually before the intended triggering of the ignition means, so that there is no protective effect for a more or less long period.

Diese Möglichkeit einer ungewollten Zündung ist insbesondere dann kritisch, wenn bei Funktionstests des Zündmittels mit nachgeordneter detonationsfähiger Ladung oder auch beim Einsatz solcher Zündmittel in der Praxis unerwartete Störungen auftreten. Bei Funktionstests, die stichprobenartig durchgeführt werden, werden die Zündmittel mit nachgeordneter Ladung extremen Beanspruchungen ausgesetzt, die bis an die Grenze der Belastbarkeit gehen. Dabei handelt es sich insbesondere um Vibrationsbeanspruchungen, Falltests, Temperaturwechselbeanspruchungen und Feuchtigkeitstests. Durch solche extremen Belastungen bei Funktionstests oder auch beim praktischen Einsatz kann es zu Kontaktschwierigkeiten in der mechanischen Anordnung des Zündmitteis mit nachgeordneter Ladung kommen.This possibility of an unwanted ignition is particularly critical when unexpected malfunctions occur in practice during functional tests of the ignition device with a downstream detonatable charge or when such ignition devices are used. Function tests, which are carried out on a random basis, expose the ignition devices with a subsequent charge to extreme loads that go to the limit of their resilience. These are in particular vibration stresses, drop tests, temperature change stresses and moisture tests. Such extreme loads during function tests or during practical use can lead to contact difficulties in the mechanical arrangement of the ignition device with a downstream charge.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Sicherheit von elektrischen Zündmitteln mit nachgeordneten detonationsfähigen Ladungen, wie Detonator, Übertragungsladung und eigentliche Sprengladung, noch weiter zu erhöhen.The invention is therefore based on the object of further increasing the safety of electrical ignition means with downstream detonable charges, such as detonator, transfer charge and actual explosive charge.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Sicherheitsschaltung gelöst, die entsprechend dem Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 ausgebildet ist. Damit ist es in vorteilhafter Weise möglich, bei Zündmitteln der genannten Art, deren gewollte Auslösung aufgrund von Unterbrechungen im elektrischen System nicht gelungen ist, die Handhabungssicherheit wieder herzustellen, indem parallel zum Zündmittel eine definierte, von der anliegenden Spannung unabhängige Kurzschlußverbindung hergestellt wird. Solche Unterbrechungen sind deshalb kritisch, da sie instabil sein können, so daß nach deren Wiederverschwinden dann eine ungewollte Auslösung durch z.B. Streuströme möglich wäre. Die tatsächliche Existenz der Kurzschlußverbindung kann durch Ausmessen des Zündkreises kontrolliert werden.This object is achieved according to the invention by a safety circuit which is designed in accordance with the characterizing part of claim 1. It is thus advantageously possible to restore the handling safety in the case of ignition means of the type mentioned, the intended triggering of which has not been successful due to interruptions in the electrical system, by producing a defined short-circuit connection independent of the applied voltage in parallel with the ignition means. Such interruptions are critical because they can be unstable, so that after their disappearance, an unwanted triggering by stray currents would be possible. The actual existence of the short circuit connection can be checked by measuring the ignition circuit.

Für die Erzeugung dieser Kurzschlußverbindung können z.B. Halbleiterwiderstände verwendet werden, die mit einem Strom entsprechender Spannung so zerstört werden können, daß sich ein Kurzschluß bildet. Besonders vorteilhaft ist jedoch gemäß Anspruch 2 die Verwendung von gesinterten Tantalkondensatoren, bei denen gezielte elektrische Durchschläge immer einen Kurzschluß zur Folge haben. Die Energie für die Erzeugung dieser Kurzschlußverbindung ist dabei aber nicht so groß, daß das gesamte Bauteil zerstört wird.For the creation of this short-circuit connection, e.g. Semiconductor resistors are used, which can be destroyed with a current of corresponding voltage so that a short circuit is formed. However, the use of sintered tantalum capacitors in which targeted electrical breakdowns always result in a short circuit is particularly advantageous. The energy for generating this short-circuit connection is not so great that the entire component is destroyed.

Um der Möglichkeit Rechnung zu tragen, daß es durch die vorgenannten Belastungen auch zu instabilen Kurzschlüssen z.B. in der Kontaktierung, in den Zuführungen oder im Zündmittel selbst kommen kann, kann gemäß Anspruch 3 in einer Zuleitung eine zusätzliche Sicherung angeordnet werden, die mittels eines Stromes durchgebrannt werden kann, der größer ist als der maximale Zündstrom für 100 %ige Zündung. Auch hier kann wieder vor der Handhabung des Zündmittels durch Ausmessen des Zündkreises überprüft werden, ob die Sicherung tatsächlich durchgebrannt und damit die Zuleitung unterbrochen worden ist.To take into account the possibility that the aforementioned loads can also lead to unstable short-circuits e.g. can come in the contact, in the feeds or in the ignition means itself, an additional fuse can be arranged according to claim 3 in a supply line, which can be blown by means of a current that is greater than the maximum ignition current for 100% ignition. Here too, before handling the ignition means, it can be checked by measuring the ignition circuit whether the fuse has actually blown and the supply line has been interrupted.

Für besonders hohe Sicherheitsanforderungen können auch beide vorgenannten Maßnahmen in der Weise miteinander kombiniert werden, daß - von der Zuführungsseite der Zündenergie her gesehen - das die Kurzschlußverbindung erzeugende Bauteil vor der zusätzlichen Sicherung angeordnet ist. Mut dieser Schaltung ist es dann möglich, zunächst die Sicherung durchzubrennen und dann einen definierten Kurzschluß zu erzeugen.For particularly high safety requirements, the two aforementioned measures can also be combined with one another in such a way that - seen from the supply side of the ignition energy - the component producing the short-circuit connection is arranged in front of the additional fuse. With this circuit it is then possible to blow the fuse first and then create a defined short circuit.

Um schließlich noch der Möglichkeit Rechnung zu tragen, daß auch bei ordnungsgemäßen Zustand des Zündkreises eine Auslösung durch Streuströme oder Hochfrequenz-Einstreuungen möglich ist, kann noch gemäß Anspruch 4 ein weiteres Sicherungselement vorgesehen werden. Bei diesem Sicherungselement handelt es sich um eine Kurzschlußbrücke, die vorzugsweise als ein zwischen den beiden Zuleitungen eingelöteter Draht ausgebildet ist, der aufgrund eines nachgeordneten sperrenden Halbleiterelementes, vorzugsweise einer Sperrdiode, mittels eines Stromes entsprechender Größe und Polarität gezielt zerstörbar ist, ohne daß das Zündmittel ausgelöst wird. Anstelle der Drahtbrücke kann aber z.B. auch eine dünne Leiterbahn, die verbrennt, oder ein niederohmiger Widerstand, der unterbrochen wird, vorgesehen werden.Finally, in order to take into account the possibility that triggering by stray currents or high-frequency interference is possible even when the ignition circuit is in proper condition, a further securing element can be provided. This fuse element is a short-circuit bridge, which is preferably designed as a wire soldered between the two supply lines, which can be specifically destroyed by means of a current of corresponding size and polarity due to a downstream blocking semiconductor element, preferably a blocking diode, without triggering the ignition means becomes. Instead of the wire bridge, e.g. a thin conductor track that burns or a low-resistance resistor that is interrupted can also be provided.

Dieses Kurzschlußelement stellt eine zusätzliche Vorentsicherung dar, die erst unmittelbar vor dem gewollten Auslösen mittels eines entsprechenden elektrischen Stromes aufgehoben wird. Zuvor ist es möglich, die Zündleitungen über dieses Kurzschlußelement separat bezüglich der Einhaltung der geforderten Widerstandsdaten auszumessen. Nach Beseitigen dieser Vorentsicherung kann dann der gesamte Zündkreis nochmals ausgemessen werden, um seinen einwandfreien Zustand oder eine evtl. Unterbrechung bzw. einen Kurzschluß feststellen zu können.This short-circuit element represents an additional pre-safety device that is only canceled immediately before the intended triggering by means of a corresponding electrical current. Before this, it is possible to measure the ignition lines separately via this short-circuit element with regard to compliance with the required resistance data. After eliminating this pre-release, the entire ignition circuit can then be measured again in order to determine its perfect condition or a possible interruption or short circuit.

Die erfindungsgemäße Sicherheitsschaltung ist bevorzugt direkt in die Zündmittelanordnung integriert, sie kann aber auch nahe bei ihr angeordnet sein.The safety circuit according to the invention is preferably integrated directly into the ignition device arrangement, but it can also be arranged close to it.

Die erfindungsgemäße Sicherheitsschaltung ist in der Zeichnung in einem Ausführungsbeispiel gezeigt und wird anhand dieses nachstehend noch näher erläutert.The safety circuit according to the invention is shown in the drawing in an exemplary embodiment and is explained in more detail below with reference to this.

Das Zündmittel 1 mit nicht gezeigter nachgeordneter detonationsfähiger Ladung ist über die Zuleitungen 2 und 3 mit einer nicht gezeigten elektrischen Stromquelle verbindbar. Die Zuleitungen sind bei 2' und 3' unterbrochen dargestellt, um anzudeuten, daß die nachstehend näher erläuterte Sicherheitsschaltung auch im Abstand vom Zündmittel 1 angeordnet sein kann. Zwischen den beiden Zuleitungen 2 und 3 ist das einen gezielten Kurzschluß ermöglichende Bauteil 4, vorzugsweise ein gesinterter Tantalkondensator, angeordnet. In der Zuleitung 2 ist weiterhin die Sicherung 5 angeordnet, welche im Kurzschlußfall eine gezielte Unterbrechung der Zuleitung 2 ermöglicht. Parallel zum Zündmittel 1 ist schließlich noch die Kurzschlußbrücke 7 mit einer hier symbolisch angedeuteten niederohmigen Sicherung 7' vorgesehen. Bevorzugt handelt es sich bei der Brücke 7 um eine zwischen den beiden Zuleitungen 2 und 3 direkt eingelötete Drahtbrücke. Von der Zuführungsseite der Zündenergie her gesehen ist hinter der Kurzschlußbrücke 7 in der Zuleitung 2 schließlich noch die Sperrdiode 8 angeordnet, die hier so ausgebildet ist, daß sie gegen einen negativen Strom sperrt.The ignition means 1 with a downstream detonation-capable charge, not shown, can be connected via the feed lines 2 and 3 to an electrical power source, not shown. The supply lines are shown interrupted at 2 'and 3' to indicate that the safety circuit explained in more detail below can also be arranged at a distance from the ignition means 1. The component 4, preferably a sintered tantalum capacitor, which enables a targeted short circuit is arranged between the two supply lines 2 and 3. In the feed line 2, the fuse 5 is also arranged, which enables a targeted interruption of the feed line 2 in the event of a short circuit. Finally, parallel to the ignition means 1, the short-circuit bridge 7 is provided with a low-resistance fuse 7 ', which is symbolically indicated here. The bridge 7 is preferably a wire bridge soldered directly between the two supply lines 2 and 3. Seen from the supply side of the ignition energy, the blocking diode 8 is finally arranged behind the short-circuit bridge 7 in the feed line 2, which is designed here so that it blocks against a negative current.

In bekannter Weise kann dann noch parallel zum Zündmittel 1 der Widerstand 9 zwecks Erreichung einer Stromverzweigung vorgesehen sein. Zum weiteren Schutz gegenüber starken Streuströmen oder Hochfrequenz-Einstreuungen kann in an sich bekannter Weise in der Zuleitung 2 auch noch das Bauteil 10 vorgesehen sein, bei dem es sich um einen Widerstand oder eine Drosselspule handeln kann. Solche starken Störspannungen können z.B. bei der Sprengung in der Nähe von Transformatorenstationen, Radaranlagen, Hochspannungsleitungen oder blitzgefährdeten Gebieten auftreten, wo eine extrem hohe Streustromsicherheit gefordert wird. Die Kurzschlußbrücke 7 macht dabei aus einem empfindlichen Zündmittel ein hochunempfindliches.In a known manner, the resistor 9 can then be provided parallel to the ignition means 1 in order to achieve a current branch. For further protection against strong stray currents or high-frequency interference, component 10, which can be a resistor or a choke coil, can also be provided in the feed line 2 in a manner known per se. Such strong interference voltages can occur, for example, when blasting in the vicinity of transformer stations, radar systems, high-voltage lines or areas prone to lightning, where extremely high stray current safety is required. The short-circuit bridge 7 turns a sensitive ignition device into a highly insensitive one.

Die Funktionsweise der Sicherheitsschaltung ist wie folgt: Durch eine an die Zuleitung 2 angelegte negative Spannung wird, ggf. nach vorherigem Ausmessen der Zündleitungen, die Kurzschlußbrücke 7 gezielt zerstört, wobei die Sperrdiode 8 eine Beeinflussung des Zündmittels 1 verhindert. Nach Beseitigen der Kurzschlußbrücke 7 kann dann ggf. der gesamte Zündkreis ausgemessen werden. Sollte sich hierbei ergeben, daß der Widerstand unendlich oder doch wesentlich zu groß ist, so kann mittels eines Stromes entsprechender Größe über das Bauteil 4 gezielt ein Kurzschluß parallel zum Zündmittel 1 hergestellt werden. Sollte dagegen die Ausmessung des Zündkreises einen Kurzschluß oder einen kurzschlußähnlichen Zustand ergeben haben, so kann durch Unterbrechen der Sicherung 5 mittels einer an die Zuleitung 2 angelegten positiven Spannung die Zuleitung 2 gezielt unterbrochen werden, so daß auch hier wiederum die Handhabungssicherheit gewährleistet ist. Ggf. kann auch zur noch weiter erhöhten Sicherheit mittels einer positiven Spannung an der Zuleitung 2 auch noch über das Bauteil 4 ein zusätzlicher definierter Kurzschluß erzeugt werden.The functioning of the safety circuit is as follows: A short-circuit bridge 7 is deliberately destroyed by a negative voltage applied to the supply line 2, possibly after measuring the ignition lines beforehand, the blocking diode 8 preventing the ignition means 1 from being influenced. After removal of the short-circuit bridge 7, the entire ignition circuit can then optionally be measured. If it should be found that the resistance is infinite or at least significantly too large, a short circuit can be produced in a targeted manner in parallel with the ignition means 1 via the component 4 by means of a current of appropriate size. If, on the other hand, the measurement of the ignition circuit has resulted in a short circuit or a condition similar to a short circuit, the supply line 2 can be specifically interrupted by interrupting the fuse 5 by means of a positive voltage applied to the supply line 2, so that the handling safety is again ensured here. Possibly. For further increased safety, an additional defined short circuit can also be generated via the component 4 by means of a positive voltage on the feed line 2.

Die gewollte Auslösung des Zündmittels 1 mit nachgeordneter detonationsfähiger Ladung erfolgt, wenn keine Fehlzustände des Zündkreises festgestellt wurden, durch Anlegen einer positiven Spannung entsprechender Größe an die Zuleitung 2.The intended triggering of the ignition means 1 with a downstream detonatable charge takes place, if no faulty states of the ignition circuit have been determined, by applying a positive voltage of the appropriate size to the lead 2.

Claims (4)

  1. Safety circuit for an electric igniter (1) with subsequently arranged detonation-capable charge and two electric supply leads (2, 3), characterized in that an electric component (4) is connected between the two supply leads (2, 3) and parallel to the igniter (1), which electric component (4), in its initial state, is at least substantially non-electroconductive, but can be converted into a final state by means of a current with a voltage above the maximum ignition voltage provided for the release of the igniter (1), in which final state it forms a short circuit parallel to the igniter (1).
  2. Safety circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that the component (4) is a sintered tantalum capacitor.
  3. Safety circuit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in a supply lead (2) a safety mechanism (5) is arranged, which can be destroyed by a current with a current intensity which is greater than the maximum current intensity provided for the release of the igniter (1).
  4. Safety circuit according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that there is arranged in a supply lead (2) a semiconductor element (8), blocking the current flow in one direction, and a short-circuiting link (7) connecting the two supply leads (2, 3) - seen from the supply side of the ignition energy - in front of the semiconductor element (8), which link can be destroyed by a current, against which the semiconductor element (8) blocks, without release of the igniter (1).
EP85108803A 1984-08-30 1985-07-13 Safety circuit for an electric primer Expired - Lifetime EP0179201B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3431818 1984-08-30
DE19843431818 DE3431818A1 (en) 1984-08-30 1984-08-30 SAFETY CIRCUIT FOR AN ELECTRIC FUEL

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0179201A2 EP0179201A2 (en) 1986-04-30
EP0179201A3 EP0179201A3 (en) 1990-03-07
EP0179201B1 true EP0179201B1 (en) 1992-03-04

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EP85108803A Expired - Lifetime EP0179201B1 (en) 1984-08-30 1985-07-13 Safety circuit for an electric primer

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US (1) US4769734A (en)
EP (1) EP0179201B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3431818A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4769734A (en) 1988-09-06
EP0179201A3 (en) 1990-03-07
DE3585487D1 (en) 1992-04-09
DE3431818A1 (en) 1986-03-13
EP0179201A2 (en) 1986-04-30

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