EP0176665A2 - Vacuum switch fully insulated by a solid substance - Google Patents

Vacuum switch fully insulated by a solid substance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0176665A2
EP0176665A2 EP85106960A EP85106960A EP0176665A2 EP 0176665 A2 EP0176665 A2 EP 0176665A2 EP 85106960 A EP85106960 A EP 85106960A EP 85106960 A EP85106960 A EP 85106960A EP 0176665 A2 EP0176665 A2 EP 0176665A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
potential
insulating housing
control electrode
vacuum switch
insulating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP85106960A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0176665A3 (en
Inventor
Klaus Dr.-Ing. Böhme
Wolfgang Dr.-Ing. Beyer
Günter Seibt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VEB "Otto Buchwitz" Starkstrom-Anlagenbau Dresden
Original Assignee
VEB "Otto Buchwitz" Starkstrom-Anlagenbau Dresden
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Publication of EP0176665A2 publication Critical patent/EP0176665A2/en
Publication of EP0176665A3 publication Critical patent/EP0176665A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/52—Cooling of switch parts
    • H01H2009/526—Cooling of switch parts of the high voltage switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/6606—Terminal arrangements
    • H01H2033/6613—Cooling arrangements directly associated with the terminal arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H01H2033/6623—Details relating to the encasing or the outside layers of the vacuum switch housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H01H2033/66284—Details relating to the electrical field properties of screens in vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/24—Means for preventing discharge to non-current-carrying parts, e.g. using corona ring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/52—Cooling of switch parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fully solid-insulated vacuum switch (so-called 'switch pole') with two connections and an insulating housing, which carries an outer grounded coating and has a vacuum interrupter inside, gas being located between the interrupter and the insulating housing.
  • a fully solid-insulated vacuum switch switch pole'
  • Such vacuum switches with full solid insulation are preferably required for factory-made high-voltage switchgear or transformer stations, where there are high requirements with regard to protection against accidental contact and with regard to small-scale and compact construction.
  • vacuum interrupters in switching devices which consist of an evacuated housing with a fixed and a movable contact piece and metal shields.
  • Switches with oil in the intermediate space in turn have similar disadvantages to the so-called low-oil switches because they pose a fire risk and endanger the environment. Furthermore, it is known to pour the complete vacuum interrupter in - epoxy resin (DE-OS 22 40 106). However, there are disadvantages because internal mechanical stresses acting on the vacuum interrupter are unavoidable, and cracks as well as air gaps and air inclusions cannot be reliably excluded, in which the formation of destructive partial electrical discharges then occurs.
  • the solid-air-insulated vacuum switches described above also have the additional disadvantage that they must not be touched during operation, and therefore, for reasons of the necessary protection against accidental contact, installation can only take place in metal-enclosed switch cells, or additional shut-offs are required.
  • This disadvantage can be known simultaneous reduction in dimensions can be overcome if the principle of full solid insulation is applied, according to which the entire high-voltage current path and all built-in devices are embedded in solid insulating material, on the surface of which a grounded metallic shielding is attached (Elektrie "28.Jhrg. (1974 ), Issue 10, pp. 533 - 538).
  • the invention is based on the finding that it is important in the improvement of such vacuum switches according to the preamble of claim 1 to avoid partial discharges in the area between the switching chamber and the insulating material housing or in the insulating material housing itself by avoiding extremely high field strengths and short distances and protection against accidental contact To shift the electrical stress into the solid insulation.
  • the invention is accordingly based on the object of developing a vacuum switch according to the preamble of claim 1 so that partial discharges can be reliably avoided despite the arrangement of the vacuum interrupter in an insulating housing with a grounded coating in the gas-filled space between the interrupter and the insulating housing.
  • the vacuum interrupter 1 is accommodated in an upper, fully solid-insulated cylindrical insulating body 12 and in a lower, fully solid-insulated cylindrical insulating body 13, which form an insulating housing.
  • the insulator 12 and 13 on carry an earthed metal covering 14 on their outer surface, are connected in a dielectrically tight manner by means of an elastic insulating ring 15 via clamping elements 16, the lateral squeezing of the elastic insulating ring 15 being prevented by an inner and an outer metallic limiting ring 17 and 18.
  • An upper control electrode 19 with the potential of the upper contact 11 and a third control electrode 20 with the free intermediate potential of the metal screen 9 of the vacuum interrupter 1 are cast in the upper fully solid-insulated insulating body 12 such that the control electrode 19 is spatially between the grounded metal coating 14 and the control electrode 20 .
  • the upper control electrode 19 can simultaneously serve for the mechanical attachment of the vacuum interrupter 1 to the upper, fixed contact rod 3, for example via threads.
  • the upper contact rod 3 is pushed through the upper solid-insulated insulating body 12 to create the upper connection.
  • the control electrode 19 is expediently made from a rotationally symmetrical sheet metal body and from a thick-walled cup-shaped base body, so that, in a known manner, favorable heat dissipation from the vacuum interrupter chamber 1 into the upper, fully solid-insulated insulating body 12 is made possible, from where the heat can be given off to the ambient air.
  • the lower control electrode 22 with the potential of the lower connection is located in the lower fully solid-insulated insulating body 13; which consists of the lower contact rod 5, the sliding contact 10 and the switch lead 21, and the third control electrode 20 with the free intermediate potential of the metal screen 9 cast in such a way that the control electrode 22 is spatially between the grounded metal coating 14 and the control electrode 20.
  • the axially movable lower contact rod 5, to which a suitable drive is coupled, is inserted into the sliding contact 10, which is connected to the switch connecting conductor 21 cast into the lower, fully solid-insulated insulating body 13.
  • the sliding contact 10 can also give the vacuum interrupter 1 guidance against radial offset by suitable shaping.
  • the control electrode 22 is in turn expediently made of a rotationally symmetrical sheet metal body and a thick-walled annular base body, so that, in a known manner, favorable heat dissipation from the vacuum interrupter chamber 1 and the sliding contact 10 occurs in the lower fully insulated insulating body 13, from where the heat can be given off to the ambient air .
  • Fig. 2 shows a vacuum switch with an insulating housing, the housing parts are connected by gluing and in which the electrodes articulated to the connection potential have a smaller diameter in the overlap area than the third control electrode.
  • the complete vacuum interrupter chamber 1 is provided in the same way as in FIG. 1 in a lower and an upper fully solid-insulated insulating body 12 and 13 and is connected to the sliding contact 10 and the control electrodes 18 and 22.
  • control electrodes 19 and 22 with the potential the switch connections and the control electrode 20 with the free intermediate potential of the metal screen 9 are cast into the fully solid-insulated insulating bodies 12 and 13 so that the control electrodes 19 and 22 are spatially between the grounded metal coating 14 and the control electrode 20.
  • the tax electrodes 19 and 20 then need only consist of the thick-walled cup-shaped or ring-shaped base bodies.
  • Fig. 3 shows a vacuum switch with an insulating housing, which consists of three detachably interconnected parts, in which the electrodes articulated to the connection potential at least partially consist of coverings which are applied to separately manufactured insulating material parts which are coaxially joined together.
  • the insulating housing consists in particular of an upper, fully solid-insulated cylindrical insulating body 12, a middle, fully solid-insulated cylindrical insulating body 24 and a lower, fully solid-insulated insulating body 13.
  • the insulating bodies 12, 13 and 24, which have a grounded metal coating 14 on their outer surface, are made of elastic insulating material rings 15 Dielectrically tightly connected to one another via clamping elements.
  • the upper insulating body 12 in turn consists of two individual parts 25 and 26 cast from casting resin, which, by means of semiconducting or conductive coatings, form part of the control electrode 27 on one part of their surface, which is closed at one end by an electrode ring 28, while the other end is applied to a further control electrode 19 which is at the connection potential.
  • the control electrode 19 expediently consists of a rotationally symmetrical, thick-walled cup-shaped base body, so that, in a known manner, favorable heat dissipation from the vacuum interrupter chamber 1 into the upper, fully solid-insulated insulating body 12 is made possible, from where the heat can be given off to the ambient air.
  • the middle insulating body 24 carries a substantial part of a control electrode 29 on its inner circumference.
  • the lower insulating body 13 also consists of two individual parts 30 and 31, which, by means of semiconducting or conductive coatings, form part of the control electrode 32 on part of their surface, which in turn also forms part of the control electrode 32 an electrode ring 33 is closed, the control electrode 32 also being articulated to the connection potential.
  • the third control electrode 29 consists essentially of the coating on the central insulating body 24 and of small coating surfaces 34 and 35 on the individual parts 30 and 31. The coatings are connected to one another and to the metal screen 9.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Vakuumschalter mit zwei Anschlüssen und einem Isoliergehäuse, das einen geerdeten Belag trägt und in seinem Inneren eine Vakuumschaltkammer aufweist, wobei sich zwischen der Vakuumschaltkammer 1 und dem Isoliergehäuse 12, 13 mit Metallbelag 14 Gas befindet. Der Vakuumschalter ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Isoliergehäuse 12, 13 zwei Steuerelektroden 19, 22 axial versetzt angeordnet sind, die sich auf dem Potential der Anschlüsse befinden. Darüber hinaus ist eine zusätzliche dritte Steuerelektrode 20 im Isoliergehäuse 12, 13 vorgesehen, die im Bereich der Schaltkammer liegt und ein Zwischenpotential zwischen dem Anschlußpotential und Erdpotential annimmt. Durch diese Konzeption werden örtlich exrtrem hohe Feldstärken bei zugleich raumsparender Bauweise vermieden. Ferner treten im Bereich des Gases zwischen der Vakuumschaltkammer 1 und dem Isoliergehäuse 12 und 13 keine Teilentladungen auf, was zu erheblich höherer Betriebssicherheit führt.The invention relates to a vacuum switch with two connections and an insulating housing, which carries an earthed coating and has a vacuum interrupter inside, wherein there is 14 gas between the vacuum interrupter 1 and the insulating housing 12, 13 with a metal coating. The vacuum switch is characterized in that in the insulating housing 12, 13 two control electrodes 19, 22 are arranged axially offset, which are at the potential of the connections. In addition, an additional third control electrode 20 is provided in the insulating housing 12, 13, which lies in the area of the switching chamber and assumes an intermediate potential between the connection potential and earth potential. With this concept, extremely high field strengths with a space-saving design are avoided. Furthermore, no partial discharges occur in the region of the gas between the vacuum interrupter chamber 1 and the insulating housing 12 and 13, which leads to considerably higher operational reliability.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen vollfeststoffisolierten Vakuumschalter (sog. 'Schalterpol') mit zwei Anschlüssen und einem Isoliergehäuse, das einen äußeren geerdeten Belag trägt und in seinem Inneren eine Vakuumschaltkammer aufweist, wobei sich zwischen Schaltkammer und Isoliergehäuse Gas befindet. Derartige Vakuumschalter mit Vollfeststoffisolation werden bevorzugt für fabrikfertige Hochspannungsschaltanlagen oder Transformatorenstationen benötigt, wo hohe Anforderungen bezüglich des Berührungsschutzes und bezüglich kleinräumiger und kompakter Bauweise bestehen.The invention relates to a fully solid-insulated vacuum switch (so-called 'switch pole') with two connections and an insulating housing, which carries an outer grounded coating and has a vacuum interrupter inside, gas being located between the interrupter and the insulating housing. Such vacuum switches with full solid insulation are preferably required for factory-made high-voltage switchgear or transformer stations, where there are high requirements with regard to protection against accidental contact and with regard to small-scale and compact construction.

Es ist bekannt, in Schaltgeräten Vakuumschaltkammern einzusetzen, die aus einem evakuierten Gehäuse mit einem feststehenden und einem beweglichen Kontaktstück und Metallschirmen bestehen.It is known to use vacuum interrupters in switching devices which consist of an evacuated housing with a fixed and a movable contact piece and metal shields.

Das feststehende Kontaktstück ist an einem feststehenden Kontaktstab angebracht, der vakuumdicht durch einen Isolator aus dem Gehäuse herausgeführt ist. Das bewegliche Kontaktstück ist dagegen an einem axial beweglichen Kontaktstab angebracht, der durch einen Isolator und einen Metallbalgen vakuumdicht herausgeführt ist. Ferner sind auf freiem Potential liegende Metallschirme zwischen 575-267.532EP-SF-Bk
den Isolatoren angeordnet. Zwischen der Vakuumschaltkammer und dem Isoliergehäuse befindet sich entweder Luft (DE-PS 23 22 372), oder der Zwischenraum ist mit Isolieröl gefüllt (JP-PS 55-5651).The fixed contact piece is attached to a fixed contact rod which is led out of the housing in a vacuum-tight manner by an insulator. The movable contact piece, on the other hand, is attached to an axially movable contact rod, which is led out in a vacuum-tight manner by an insulator and a metal bellows. Metal shields between 575-267.532EP-SF-Bk
arranged the isolators. There is either air (DE-PS 23 22 372) between the vacuum interrupter chamber and the insulating housing, or the intermediate space is filled with insulating oil (JP-PS 55-5651).

Wird in dem Zwischenraum zwischen Schaltkammer und Isoliergehäuse Luft vorgesehen, so sind trotz feldsteuernder Ausbildung der Anschlußkörper elektrisch hochbeanspruchte Strecken, in denen elektrische Teilentladungen auftreten können, nicht vermeidbar.If air is provided in the space between the switching chamber and the insulating housing, then in spite of the field-controlling design of the connecting bodies, electrically highly stressed sections in which partial electrical discharges can occur cannot be avoided.

Schalter mit Öl in dem Zwischenraum weisen wiederum ähnliche Nachteile wie die sogenannten ölarmen Schalter auf, weil von ihnen Brandgefahr und eine Gefährdung der Umwelt ausgeht. Des weiteren ist es bekannt, die komplette Vakuumschaltkammer in - Epoxidharz einzugießen (DE-OS 22 40 106). Dabei ergeben sich jedoch Nachteile, weil auf die Vakuumschaltkammer wirkende innere mechanische Spannungen unvermeidbar sind, und Risse sowie Luftspalte und Lufteinschlüsse nicht sicher ausgeschlossen werden können, in denen es dann zur Ausbildung zerstörend wirkender elektrischer Teilentladungen kommt.Switches with oil in the intermediate space in turn have similar disadvantages to the so-called low-oil switches because they pose a fire risk and endanger the environment. Furthermore, it is known to pour the complete vacuum interrupter in - epoxy resin (DE-OS 22 40 106). However, there are disadvantages because internal mechanical stresses acting on the vacuum interrupter are unavoidable, and cracks as well as air gaps and air inclusions cannot be reliably excluded, in which the formation of destructive partial electrical discharges then occurs.

Die vorstehend beschriebenen feststoffluftisolierten Vakuumschalter haben darüber hinaus noch den zusätzlichen Nachteil, daß sie im Betrieb nicht berührt werden dürfen, und damit aus Gründen des erforderlichen Berührungsschutzes der Einbau nur in metallgekapselten Schaltzellen erfolgen kann, oder zusätzliche Absperrungen nötig sind. Dieser Nachteil kann in bekannter Weise bei gleichzeitiger Verringerung der Abmessungen überwunden werden, wenn das Prinzip der Vollfeststoffisolierung angewandt wird, wonach die gesamte, unter Hochspannung stehende Strombahn und alle Einbaugeräte in festem Isolierstoff eingebettet sind, auf dessen Oberfläche eine geerdete metallische Schirmung angebracht ist (Elektrie" 28. Jhrg. (1974), Heft 10, S. 533 - 538).The solid-air-insulated vacuum switches described above also have the additional disadvantage that they must not be touched during operation, and therefore, for reasons of the necessary protection against accidental contact, installation can only take place in metal-enclosed switch cells, or additional shut-offs are required. This disadvantage can be known simultaneous reduction in dimensions can be overcome if the principle of full solid insulation is applied, according to which the entire high-voltage current path and all built-in devices are embedded in solid insulating material, on the surface of which a grounded metallic shielding is attached (Elektrie "28.Jhrg. (1974 ), Issue 10, pp. 533 - 538).

Die Erfindung beruht auf der Feststellung, daß es bei der Verbesserung derartiger Vakuumsschalter gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 darauf ankommt, Teilentladungen im Bereich zwischen Schaltkammer und Isolierstoffgehäuse bzw. im Isolierstoffgehäuse selbst durch Vermeidung von örtlich extrem hohen Feldstärken zu vermeiden und geringe Abstände und Berührungsschutz durch Verlagerung der elektrischen Beanspruchung in die Feststoffisolation zu erreichen.The invention is based on the finding that it is important in the improvement of such vacuum switches according to the preamble of claim 1 to avoid partial discharges in the area between the switching chamber and the insulating material housing or in the insulating material housing itself by avoiding extremely high field strengths and short distances and protection against accidental contact To shift the electrical stress into the solid insulation.

Der Erfindung liegt entsprechend die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Vakuumschalter gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 so weiterzubilden, daß trotz Anordnung der Vakuumschaltkammer in einem Isolierstoffgehäuse mit einem geerdeten Belag im gasgefüllten Raum zwischen Schaltkammer und Isolierstoffgehäuse Teilentladungen sicher vermieden werden.The invention is accordingly based on the object of developing a vacuum switch according to the preamble of claim 1 so that partial discharges can be reliably avoided despite the arrangement of the vacuum interrupter in an insulating housing with a grounded coating in the gas-filled space between the interrupter and the insulating housing.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Vakuumschalter gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 durch dessen kennzeichnende Merkmale gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This object is achieved in a vacuum switch according to the preamble of claim 1 by the characterizing features. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Das Erfindungskonzept wird im folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen näher erläutert, die jeweils einen erfindungsgemäßen Vakuumschalter zeigen.The inventive concept is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawings, each of which shows a vacuum switch according to the invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Vakuumschalter mit einem Isoliergehäuse, das aus zwei lösbar verbundenen Teilen besteht und bei dem die an das Anschlußpotential angelenkten Elektroden im Oberlappungsbereich einen größeren Durchmesser aufweisen als die dritte Steuerelektrode. Der dargestellte Vakuumschalter umfaßt eine komplette Vakuumschaltkammer 1, die aus einem oberen, feststehenden Schaltkontaktstück 2 mit einem daran angebrachten oberen, feststehenden Kontaktstab 3, einem unteren, beweglichen Schaltkontaktstück 4 mit einem unteren, axial beweglichen Kontaktstab 5 und einem Metallbalgen 6 besteht. Die Schaltkontaktstücke 2 und 4 mit ihren Kontaktstäben 3 und 5 befinden sich in einem luftdichten und evakuierten Gehäuse, das aus einem oberen Isolator 7 und einem unteren Isolator 8 sowie einem auf freiem Potential liegenden Metallschirm 9 besteht.Fig. 1 shows a vacuum switch according to the invention with an insulating housing, which consists of two detachably connected parts and in which the electrodes articulated to the connection potential have a larger diameter in the overlap area than the third control electrode. The vacuum switch shown comprises a complete vacuum switching chamber 1, which consists of an upper, fixed switching contact piece 2 with an attached upper, fixed contact rod 3, a lower, movable switching contact piece 4 with a lower, axially movable contact rod 5 and a metal bellows 6. The switching contact pieces 2 and 4 with their contact rods 3 and 5 are located in an airtight and evacuated housing which consists of an upper insulator 7 and a lower insulator 8 and a metal screen 9 which is at free potential.

An den Enden der Vakuumkammer befinden sich ein Gleitkontakt 10 sowie ein Kontakt 11, welche die Anschlüsse des Vakuumschalters bilden.At the ends of the vacuum chamber there are a sliding contact 10 and a contact 11, which form the connections of the vacuum switch.

Die Vakuumschaltkammer 1 ist in einem oberen vollfeststoffisolierten zylindrischen Isolierkörper 12 und in einem unteren vollfeststoffisolierten zylindrischen Isolierkörper 13 untergebracht, die ein Isoliergehäuse bilden. Die Isolierkörper 12 und 13, die auf ihrer äußeren Oberfläche einen geerdeten Metallbelag 14 tragen, sind durch einen elastischen Isolierstoffring 15 über Spannelemente 16 dielektrisch dicht verbunden, wobei das seitliche Ausquetschen des elastischen Isolierstoffrings 15 durch je einen inneren und einen äußeren metallischen Begrenzungsring 17 und 18 verhindert wird. Im oberen vollfeststoffisolierten Isolierkörper 12 sind eine obere Steuerelektrode 19 mit dem Potential des oberen Kontakts 11 sowie eine dritte Steuerelektrode 20 mit dem freien Zwischenpotential des Metallschirms 9 der Vakuumschaltkammer 1 so eingegossen, daß die Steuerelektrode 19 räumlich zwischen dem geerdeten Metallbelag 14 und der Steuerelektrode 20 liegt. Die obere Steuerelektrode 19 kann gleichzeitig zur mechanischen Befestigung der Vakuumschaltkammer 1 am oberen, feststehenden Kontaktstab 3, beispielsweise über Gewinde, dienen. Der obere Kontaktstab 3 ist durch den oberen vollfeststoffisolierten Isolierkörper 12 durchgesteckt, um den oberen Anschluß zu schaffen. Die Steuerelektrode 19 ist zweckmäßigerweise aus einem rotationssymmetrischen Blechkörper und aus einem dickwandigen becherförmigen Grundkörper hergestellt, damit in bekannter Weise eine günstige Verlustwärmeabfuhr aus der Vakuumschaltkammer 1 in den oberen vollfeststoffisolierten Isolierkörper 12 ermöglicht wird, von wo die Wärmeabgabe an die Umgebungsluft erfolgen kann. Im unteren vollfeststoffisolierten Isolierkörper 13 sind die untere Steuerelektrode 22 mit dem Potential des unteren Anschlusses; der aus dem unteren Kontaktstab 5, dem Gleitkontakt 10 und dem Schalteranschlußleiter 21 besteht, sowie die dritte Steuerelektrode 20 mit dem freien Zwischenpotential des Metallschirms 9 so eingegossen, daß die Steuerelektrode 22 räumlich zwischen dem geerdeten Metallbelag 14 und der Steuerelektrode 20 liegt. Der axial bewegliche untere Kontaktstab 5, an dem ein geeigneter Antrieb angekuppelt ist, ist in den Gleitkontakt 10 eingesteckt, der mit dem in den unteren vollfeststoffisolierten Isolierkörper 13 eingegossenen Schalteranschlußleiter 21 verbunden ist. Der Gleitkontakt 10 kann der Vakuumschaltkammer 1 durch geeignete Formgebung auch eine Führung gegen radialen Versatz geben. Die Steuerelektrode 22 ist wiederum zweckmäßigerweise aus einem rotationssymmetrischen Blechkörper und aus einem dickwandigen ringförmigen Grundkörper hergestellt, damit in bekannter Weise eine günstige Verlustwärmeabfuhr aus der Vakuumschaltkammer 1 und dem Gleitkontakt 10 in den unteren vollfeststoffisolierten Isolierkörper 13 eintritt, von wo die Wärmeabgabe an die Umgebungsluft erfolgen kann.The vacuum interrupter 1 is accommodated in an upper, fully solid-insulated cylindrical insulating body 12 and in a lower, fully solid-insulated cylindrical insulating body 13, which form an insulating housing. The insulator 12 and 13 on carry an earthed metal covering 14 on their outer surface, are connected in a dielectrically tight manner by means of an elastic insulating ring 15 via clamping elements 16, the lateral squeezing of the elastic insulating ring 15 being prevented by an inner and an outer metallic limiting ring 17 and 18. An upper control electrode 19 with the potential of the upper contact 11 and a third control electrode 20 with the free intermediate potential of the metal screen 9 of the vacuum interrupter 1 are cast in the upper fully solid-insulated insulating body 12 such that the control electrode 19 is spatially between the grounded metal coating 14 and the control electrode 20 . The upper control electrode 19 can simultaneously serve for the mechanical attachment of the vacuum interrupter 1 to the upper, fixed contact rod 3, for example via threads. The upper contact rod 3 is pushed through the upper solid-insulated insulating body 12 to create the upper connection. The control electrode 19 is expediently made from a rotationally symmetrical sheet metal body and from a thick-walled cup-shaped base body, so that, in a known manner, favorable heat dissipation from the vacuum interrupter chamber 1 into the upper, fully solid-insulated insulating body 12 is made possible, from where the heat can be given off to the ambient air. The lower control electrode 22 with the potential of the lower connection is located in the lower fully solid-insulated insulating body 13; which consists of the lower contact rod 5, the sliding contact 10 and the switch lead 21, and the third control electrode 20 with the free intermediate potential of the metal screen 9 cast in such a way that the control electrode 22 is spatially between the grounded metal coating 14 and the control electrode 20. The axially movable lower contact rod 5, to which a suitable drive is coupled, is inserted into the sliding contact 10, which is connected to the switch connecting conductor 21 cast into the lower, fully solid-insulated insulating body 13. The sliding contact 10 can also give the vacuum interrupter 1 guidance against radial offset by suitable shaping. The control electrode 22 is in turn expediently made of a rotationally symmetrical sheet metal body and a thick-walled annular base body, so that, in a known manner, favorable heat dissipation from the vacuum interrupter chamber 1 and the sliding contact 10 occurs in the lower fully insulated insulating body 13, from where the heat can be given off to the ambient air .

Der untere und obere Teil der dritten Steuerelektrode 20 mit dem freien Zwischenpotential des Metallschirms 9 sind über einen inneren Begrenzungsring 18 elektrisch miteinander verbunden und über ein geeignetes Kontaktelement 23, beispielsweise eine Feder, an den Metallschirm 9 der Vakuumschaltkammer 1 angeschlossen. Gegebenenfalls kann jedoch auf dieses Kontaktelement 23 verzichtet werden, wenn sich durch kapazitive Potentialteilung in den vollfeststoffisolierten Isolierkörpern 12, 13 und in der Vakuumschaltkammer 1 im wesentlichen gleiche Zwischenpotentiale für die Steuerelektrode 20 einerseits und den Metallschirm 9 andererseits ergeben.The lower and upper part of the third control electrode 20 with the free intermediate potential of the metal screen 9 are electrically connected to one another via an inner limiting ring 18 and connected to the metal screen 9 of the vacuum interrupter chamber 1 via a suitable contact element 23, for example a spring. If necessary, however, this contact element 23 can be dispensed with if essentially the same intermediate potentials for the control electrode 20 on the one hand and the metal screen 9 on the other hand result from capacitive potential division in the fully solid-insulated insulating bodies 12, 13 and in the vacuum interrupter 1.

Fig. 2 zeigt einen Vakuumschalter mit einem Isoliergehäuse, dessen Gehäuseteile durch Verklebung verbunden sind und bei dem die an das Anschlußpotential angelenkten Elektroden im Oberlappungsbereich einen kleineren Durchmesser aufweisen als die dritte Steuerelektrode. Die auf freiem Zwischenpotential befindliche dritte Steuerelektrode 20 hat entsprechend eine andere Lage. Die komplette Vakuumschaltkammer 1 ist in gleicher Weise wie in Fig. 1 in einem unteren und einem oberen vollfeststoffisolierten Isolierkörper 12 und 13 vorgesehen und mit dem Gleitkontakt 10 und den Steuerelektroden 18 und 22 verbunden.Fig. 2 shows a vacuum switch with an insulating housing, the housing parts are connected by gluing and in which the electrodes articulated to the connection potential have a smaller diameter in the overlap area than the third control electrode. The third control electrode 20, which is at a free intermediate potential, accordingly has a different position. The complete vacuum interrupter chamber 1 is provided in the same way as in FIG. 1 in a lower and an upper fully solid-insulated insulating body 12 and 13 and is connected to the sliding contact 10 and the control electrodes 18 and 22.

Die beiden Isolierkörper 12 und 13 sind in Fig. 2 durch eine Klebefuge 24 miteinander verbunden. Es kann aber zur besseren Austauschbarkeit der Vakuumschaltkammer 1 die dielektrische Verbindung der Isolierkörper 12 und 13 auch analog zu Fig. 1 über einen elastischen Isolierstoffring 15, Spannelemente 16 sowie Begrenzungsringe 17 und 18 erfolgen. Der wesentliche Unterschied des Vakuumschalters von Fig. 2 gegenüber dem von Fig. 1 liegt in der unterschiedlichen Lage der Steuerelektroden 19 und 22 mit dem Potential der Schalteranschlüsse gegenüber der Steuerelektrode 20 mit dem freien Zwischenpotential des Metallschirms 9. Die Steuerelektroden 19 und 22 mit dem Potential der Schalteranschlüsse sowie die Steuerelektrode 20 mit dem freien Zwischenpotential des Metallschirms 9 sind in die vollfeststoffisolierten Isolierkörper 12 und 13 so eingegossen, daß die Steuerelektroden 19 und 22 räumlich zwischen dem geerdeten Metallbelag 14 und der Steuerelektrode 20 liegen. Die Steuerelektroden 19 und 20 brauchen dann nur aus den dickwandigen becherförmigen bzw ringförmigen Grundkörpern zu bestehen. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung der Steuerelektrode 20 mit dem freien Zwischenpotential des Metallschirms 9 in den Isolierkörpern 12 und 13 zusätzlich zu den Steuerelektroden 19 und 22 mit dem Potential der Schalteranschlüsse wird erreicht, daß die Spannungsverteilung innerhalb der Vakuumschaltkammer 1 sowie deren Ausschaltvermögen im eingebauten Zustand durch den geerdeten Metallbelag 14 nicht gestört wird, und die elektrische Feldstärke im Luftraum zwischen der Vakuumschaltkammer 1 und den vollfeststoffisolierten Isolierkörpern 12 und 13 so weit vermindert wird, daß bei Betriebsspannung - keine schädlichen elektrischen Teilentladungen in Luft entstehen können.The two insulating bodies 12 and 13 are connected to one another in FIG. 2 by an adhesive joint 24. However, for better interchangeability of the vacuum interrupter chamber 1, the dielectric connection of the insulating bodies 12 and 13 can also be carried out analogously to FIG. 1 via an elastic insulating ring 15, clamping elements 16 and limiting rings 17 and 18. The essential difference of the vacuum switch of FIG. 2 compared to that of FIG. 1 lies in the different position of the control electrodes 19 and 22 with the potential of the switch connections with respect to the control electrode 20 with the free intermediate potential of the metal screen 9. The control electrodes 19 and 22 with the potential the switch connections and the control electrode 20 with the free intermediate potential of the metal screen 9 are cast into the fully solid-insulated insulating bodies 12 and 13 so that the control electrodes 19 and 22 are spatially between the grounded metal coating 14 and the control electrode 20. The tax electrodes 19 and 20 then need only consist of the thick-walled cup-shaped or ring-shaped base bodies. The inventive arrangement of the control electrode 20 with the free intermediate potential of the metal screen 9 in the insulating bodies 12 and 13 in addition to the control electrodes 19 and 22 with the potential of the switch connections ensures that the voltage distribution within the vacuum interrupter chamber 1 and its breaking capacity in the installed state by the grounded metal coating 14 is not disturbed, and the electric field strength in the air space between the vacuum interrupter 1 and the fully solid insulated insulating bodies 12 and 13 is reduced so much that at operating voltage - no harmful partial electrical discharges can occur in air.

Fig. 3 zeigt einen Vakuumschalter mit einem Isoliergehäuse, das aus drei lösbar miteinander verbundenen Teilen besteht, bei dem die an das Anschlußpotential angelenkten Elektroden mindestens teilweise aus Belägen bestehen, die auf getrennt gefertigte Isolierstoffteile, die koaxial zusammengefügt sind, aufgebracht sind. Das Isoliergehäuse besteht im einzelnen aus einem oberen vollfeststoffisolierten zylindrischen Isolierkörper 12, einem mittleren vollfeststoffisolierten zylindrischen Isolierkörper 24 sowie einem unteren vollfeststoffisolierten Isolierkörper 13. Die Isolierkörper 12, 13 und 24, die auf ihrer äußeren Oberfläche einen geerdeten Metallbelag 14 tragen, sind durch elastische Isolierstoffringe 15 über Spannelemente dielektrisch dicht miteinander verbunden. Der obere Isolierkörper 12 besteht seinerseits aus zwei aus Gießharz gegossenen Einzelteilen 25 und 26, die durch halbleitende oder leitende Beläge auf einem Teil ihrer Oberfläche einen Teil der Steuerelektrode 27 bilden, die an ihrem einen Ende mit einem Elektrodenring 28 abgeschlossen ist, während ihr anderes Ende an einer weiteren Steuerelektrode 19 anliegt, die sich auf Anschlußpotential befindet. Die Steuerelektrode 19 besteht zweckmäßigerweise aus einem rotationssymmetrischen, dickwandigen becherförmigen Grundkörper, damit in bekannter Weise eine günstige Verlustwärmeabfuhr aus der Vakuumschaltkammer 1 in den oberen vollfeststoffisolierten Isolierkörper 12 ermöglicht wird, von wo die Wärmeabgabe an die Umgebungsluft erfolgen kann. Der mittlere Isolierkörper 24 trägt an seinem inneren Umfang einen wesentlichen Teil einer Steuerelektrode 29. Der untere Isolierkörper 13 besteht ebenfalls aus zwei Einzelteilen 30 und 31, die durch halbleitende oder leitende Beläge auf einen Teil ihrer Oberfläche einen Teil der Steuerelektrode 32 bilden, die ihrerseits mit einem Elektrodenring 33 abgeschlossen ist, wobei die Steuerelektrode 32 ebenfalls an Anschlußpotential angelenkt ist. Die dritte Steuerelektrode 29 besteht im wesentlichen aus dem Belag auf dem mittleren Isolierkörper 24 sowie aus kleinen Belagflächen 34 und 35 auf den Einzelteilen 30 und 31. Die Beläge sind miteinander sowie mit dem Metallschirm 9 verbunden.Fig. 3 shows a vacuum switch with an insulating housing, which consists of three detachably interconnected parts, in which the electrodes articulated to the connection potential at least partially consist of coverings which are applied to separately manufactured insulating material parts which are coaxially joined together. The insulating housing consists in particular of an upper, fully solid-insulated cylindrical insulating body 12, a middle, fully solid-insulated cylindrical insulating body 24 and a lower, fully solid-insulated insulating body 13. The insulating bodies 12, 13 and 24, which have a grounded metal coating 14 on their outer surface, are made of elastic insulating material rings 15 Dielectrically tightly connected to one another via clamping elements. The upper insulating body 12 in turn consists of two individual parts 25 and 26 cast from casting resin, which, by means of semiconducting or conductive coatings, form part of the control electrode 27 on one part of their surface, which is closed at one end by an electrode ring 28, while the other end is applied to a further control electrode 19 which is at the connection potential. The control electrode 19 expediently consists of a rotationally symmetrical, thick-walled cup-shaped base body, so that, in a known manner, favorable heat dissipation from the vacuum interrupter chamber 1 into the upper, fully solid-insulated insulating body 12 is made possible, from where the heat can be given off to the ambient air. The middle insulating body 24 carries a substantial part of a control electrode 29 on its inner circumference. The lower insulating body 13 also consists of two individual parts 30 and 31, which, by means of semiconducting or conductive coatings, form part of the control electrode 32 on part of their surface, which in turn also forms part of the control electrode 32 an electrode ring 33 is closed, the control electrode 32 also being articulated to the connection potential. The third control electrode 29 consists essentially of the coating on the central insulating body 24 and of small coating surfaces 34 and 35 on the individual parts 30 and 31. The coatings are connected to one another and to the metal screen 9.

Bei den erfindungsgemäßen Vakuumschaltern werden schädliche Teilentladungen im Bereich zwischen Vakuumschaltkammer und Isoliergehäuse sowie innerhalb des Isoliergehäuses sicher vermieden, da keine örtlich extrem hohen Feldstärken auftreten können. Weitere Vorteile liegen in der vergleichweise einfacheren Herstellung der Teile des Isoliergehäuses.In the vacuum switches according to the invention, harmful partial discharges in the area between Vacuum interrupter and insulating housing as well as inside the insulating housing are safely avoided, since no extremely high field strengths can occur locally. Further advantages lie in the comparatively simpler manufacture of the parts of the insulating housing.

Claims (5)

1. Vakuumschalter mit zwei Anschlüssen und einem Isoliergehäuse (12, 13), das einen äußeren;geerdeten Belag (14) trägt und in seinem Inneren eine Vakuumschaltkammer (1) aufweist, wobei sich zwischen Schaltkammer (1) und Isoliergehäuse (12, 13) Gas befindet,
dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß im Isoliergehäuse (12, 13) zwei Steuerelektroden (19, 22, 27, 32) axial versetzt angeordnet und an das Potential des jeweils nächstliegenden Anschlusses angelenkt sind7
und
eine dritte Steuerelektrode (20; 29) im Bereich der Schaltkammer so angeordnet ist, daß sie ein Zwischenpotential zwischen Anschlußpotential und Erdpotential annimmt (Fig. 1 - 3).1. Vacuum switch with two connections and an insulating housing (12, 13) which has an outer ; carries grounded covering (14) and has a vacuum interrupter (1) in its interior, gas being located between interrupter (1) and insulating housing (12, 13),
characterized in that two control electrodes (19, 22, 27, 32) are arranged axially offset in the insulating housing (12, 13) and are articulated to the potential of the closest connection 7
and
a third control electrode (20; 29) is arranged in the area of the switching chamber in such a way that it assumes an intermediate potential between the connection potential and earth potential (FIGS. 1-3). 2. Vakuumschalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Steuerelektroden (19; 22), die das jeweilige Anschlußpotential tragen, mit der dritten Steuerelektrode (20; 29) axial überlappen.2. Vacuum switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the control electrodes (19; 22), which carry the respective connection potential, axially overlap with the third control electrode (20; 29). 3. Vakuumschalter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Isoliergehäuse (12; 13) eine im wesentlichen hohlzylindrische Gestalt aufweist, 575-267.532EP-SF-Bk aus zwei Teilen besteht und im Bereich der Schaftstrecke elektrisch dicht zusammengefügt ist (Fig. 1, 2).3. Vacuum switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the insulating housing (12; 13) has a substantially hollow cylindrical shape, 575-267.532EP-SF-Bk consists of two parts and is electrically close together in the area of the shaft section (Fig. 1, 2). 4. Vakuumschalter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Isoliergehäuse aus im wesentlichen drei lösbar miteinander verbundenen Teilen, einem oberen, einem mittleren und einem unteren Isolierkörper (12, 13 bzw. 24), besteht, die elektrisch dicht miteinander verbunden sind, wobei der mittlere Isolierkörper (24) die oder einen Teil der dritten Steuerelektrode (29) trägt, während der obere Isolierkörper (12) und der untere Isolierkörper (13) als axial äußere Teile des Isoliergehäuses aus jeweils zwei getrennt gefertigten und koaxial angeordneten Isolierstoffteilen (30, 31 bzw. 25, 26) zusammengefügt sind, die auf den einander zugekehrten Flächen leitfähige oder halbleitende Beläge tragen, welche die Steuerelektroden (27, 32) bilden, die an das Potential des jeweils nächsten Anschlusses angelenkt sind (Fig. 3).4. Vacuum switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the insulating housing consists of essentially three detachably interconnected parts, an upper, a middle and a lower insulating body (12, 13 and 24), which are electrically tightly connected to each other , wherein the middle insulating body (24) carries or part of the third control electrode (29), while the upper insulating body (12) and the lower insulating body (13) as axially outer parts of the insulating housing, each consisting of two separately manufactured and coaxially arranged insulating material parts ( 30, 31 or 25, 26) are joined together, which carry conductive or semiconducting coatings on the mutually facing surfaces, which form the control electrodes (27, 32) which are articulated to the potential of the next connection in each case (FIG. 3). 5. Vakuumschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die dritte Steuerelektrode (20) im Bereich der Schaltstrecke galvanisch mit einem Metallschirm (9) der Schaltkammer (1) verbunden ist.5. Vacuum switch according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the third control electrode (20) in the region of the switching path is galvanically connected to a metal screen (9) of the switching chamber (1).
EP85106960A 1984-09-24 1985-06-05 Vacuum switch fully insulated by a solid substance Withdrawn EP0176665A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DD84267532A DD226690A1 (en) 1984-09-24 1984-09-24 A pole
DD267532 1984-09-24

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EP0176665A2 true EP0176665A2 (en) 1986-04-09
EP0176665A3 EP0176665A3 (en) 1988-10-12

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US (1) US4618749A (en)
EP (1) EP0176665A3 (en)
JP (1) JPS6180723A (en)
DD (1) DD226690A1 (en)

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EP0222073A3 (en) * 1985-10-16 1988-10-05 VEB "Otto Buchwitz" Starkstrom-Anlagenbau Dresden Switch pole for a power circuit breaker
EP0222073A2 (en) * 1985-10-16 1987-05-20 VEB "Otto Buchwitz" Starkstrom-Anlagenbau Dresden Switch pole for a power circuit breaker
WO1998042000A1 (en) * 1997-03-18 1998-09-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vacuum switching tubes with a metal housing part positioned between two insulators
EP1124242A1 (en) * 1998-10-20 2001-08-16 Hitachi, Ltd. Vacuum switch and vacuum switch gear
EP1124242A4 (en) * 1998-10-20 2002-07-17 Hitachi Ltd Vacuum switch and vacuum switch gear
WO2002029839A1 (en) * 2000-09-30 2002-04-11 Abb Patent Gmbh Capacitive control of at least one vacuum interrupter chamber
DE102004047259B3 (en) * 2004-09-24 2006-05-04 Siemens Ag Solids-insulated switch pole with front-side moving contact connection
DE102007022875B4 (en) * 2007-05-14 2009-04-09 Siemens Ag Housing for a vacuum interrupter and vacuum interrupter
DE102007022875A1 (en) * 2007-05-14 2008-11-27 Siemens Ag Housing for vacuum switching tube, has control electrode influencing electrical field outside housing that is coated with non-gaseous insulating substance such that control electrode is arranged within substance
DE102007042383B3 (en) * 2007-09-05 2009-01-15 Siemens Ag Switch pole with solid insulator and wear protection arrangement for use in the open air has field control element covering annular gap between outer circumference of input connector and inner circumference of through opening
EP2682973A1 (en) * 2012-07-02 2014-01-08 ABB Technology AG Circuit-breaker pole part with a heat transfer shield
WO2014005694A1 (en) * 2012-07-02 2014-01-09 Abb Technology Ag Circuit-breaker pole part with a heat transfer shield
US9431198B2 (en) 2012-07-02 2016-08-30 Abb Technology Ag Circuit-breaker pole part with a heat transfer shield
RU2606956C2 (en) * 2012-07-02 2017-01-10 Абб Текнолоджи Аг Switch pole element with heat transfer plate
DE102016214752A1 (en) * 2016-08-09 2018-02-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Process for producing a ceramic insulator
CN109716474A (en) * 2016-08-09 2019-05-03 西门子股份公司 For high pressure or the insulator arrangement of medium voltage switchgear equipment
US10685797B2 (en) 2016-08-09 2020-06-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Insulator arrangement for a high-voltage or medium-voltage switchgear assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4618749A (en) 1986-10-21
EP0176665A3 (en) 1988-10-12
DD226690A1 (en) 1985-08-28
JPS6180723A (en) 1986-04-24

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