EP0175646A1 - Presser foot for a sewing machine - Google Patents
Presser foot for a sewing machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0175646A1 EP0175646A1 EP85810403A EP85810403A EP0175646A1 EP 0175646 A1 EP0175646 A1 EP 0175646A1 EP 85810403 A EP85810403 A EP 85810403A EP 85810403 A EP85810403 A EP 85810403A EP 0175646 A1 EP0175646 A1 EP 0175646A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- presser foot
- sole
- shaft
- foot sole
- articulated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D05—SEWING; EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
- D05B—SEWING
- D05B29/00—Pressers; Presser feet
- D05B29/06—Presser feet
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/32—Articulated members
- Y10T403/32254—Lockable at fixed position
- Y10T403/32262—At selected angle
- Y10T403/32311—Ball and socket
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/32—Articulated members
- Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
- Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
Definitions
- the invention relates to a presser foot for a sewing machine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- presser feet on sewing machines are used to press the sewing material onto the feed dog and usually consist of a shaft that can be attached to the presser bar and a sewing foot sole that is fixed or replaceable on this shaft.
- most presser foot soles are articulated on the shaft, so that they can oscillate in the sewing direction within a limited range around a horizontal axis lying transversely to the sewing direction.
- Swiss Patent No. 369 009 shows a presser foot of this type, the presser foot sole of which can oscillate about a pivot axis, the pendulum path being fixed in the sole pin that protrudes into a slightly larger hole in the shaft is limited.
- This device not only consists of many individual parts, which are complex to manufacture and assemble, but it also has other disadvantages that can prevent smooth operation: the pressure transfer from the presser foot shaft to the presser foot sole causes the horizontal axis to jam in the bearing holes, so that the rocker can no longer swing after a short time.
- the axis of rotation for the rocker is relatively high above the presser foot sole pressing on the material and causes the sole to perform an undesirably large sideways movement when the rocker is swinging.
- the invention specified in claim 1 has for its object to provide a suspension for the presser foot sole which avoids the disadvantages of the known and makes it possible to pass the presser foot sole exactly over the unevenness in the sewing material, without thereby affecting the sewing material the movements of the presser foot sole are affected by pushing forces which jeopardize precise guidance.
- presser foot the sole of which can swing even under load and does not perform any sideways pushing movements relative to the material.
- presser foot requires no maintenance and can be inexpensively manufactured from a few individual parts.
- the pendulum travel of the presser foot sole can be individually selected for each presser foot sole, regardless of the shaft.
- the sole of the sewing foot can be fastened to the shaft and held in an oscillating manner solely by the spring, the oscillating path being able to be predetermined by V-shaped incisions.
- the sole of the presser foot can be replaced without tools.
- the presser foot shaft 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a conventional device 2 for fastening the shaft 1 to a sewing machine (not visible). At the bottom of the shaft 1 there are two stub axles 3 on a common axis A and a ball segment 4. The geometric center of the spherical segment lies in the axis A.
- V-shaped recesses 6 are provided on the side of the lower shaft part 5 (see also FIG. 2), which one of the Axis A has a continuously increasing width towards the rear.
- the presser foot shaft is preferably injection molded or pressed.
- the sewing foot sole 7 consists of a flat section 8 resting on the material to be sewn and an upwardly bent section 9 which facilitates the feeding of the sewing material and which has two parts 19 which are spaced apart.
- the incisions 11 have essentially parallel flanks 12 which merge into a semicircular base 13.
- a spherical segment-shaped depression 14 is inserted on the sole of the sewing foot, the geometric center of which lies in a plane B which runs exactly through the center of the two incisions 11.
- a U-shaped spring 15 is attached to the base leg 16 on the rear part of section 8 of the presser foot sole 7.
- the two legs 17 run in slot-shaped recesses 18 in the tabs 10 and span the central area of the presser foot sole 7.
- the spring legs 17 lie over the stub axles 3 and hold them firmly in the incisions 11.
- the ball segment 4 is embedded in the spherical segment-shaped recess 14 on the presser foot sole 7.
- the spring legs 17 run on the presser foot shaft 1 in the V-shaped recesses 6, so that the presser foot sole 7 can be pivoted about the axis A, specifically within the segment formed by the V-shaped recesses on the shaft 1.
- Across axis A, i.e. the sewing foot sole 7 can also swing transversely to the sewing direction until one of the two stub axles 3 bears against the base 13 of the incision 11.
- the sewing foot sole 7 is guided precisely on the ball segment 4 of the sewing foot shaft 1 both during the pendulum movement about the axis A and transversely to the sewing direction. The entire power flow also takes place via the ball segment 4.
- the leg ends 19 of the spring 15 are bent upwards. This measure enables the user of the sewing machine to remove the presser foot sole 7 from the presser foot shaft 1 and to easily replace it with another by lifting the spring 15 at the leg ends 19 and replacing the presser foot sole 7.
- FIG. 6 clearly shows the design of the spring 15, its attachment to the presser foot sole 7 and its position in the recesses 6.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Sewing Machines And Sewing (AREA)
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
Gelenknähfuss für Nähmaschine, an dessen Schaft (1) unten ein Kugelsegment (4) angebracht ist, das in einer kugelsegmentförmigen Vertiefung (14) der Nähfussohle (7) eingebettet liegt. Die Nähfussohle (7) kann in einem einerseits durch zwei Achsstummel (3) und andererseits durch V-förmige Ausnehmungen (6) im Schaft (1) begrenzten Bereich in zwei zueinander senkrecht stehenden Ebenen pendeln.Articulated presser foot for sewing machine, on the shaft (1) of which a ball segment (4) is attached below, which is embedded in a spherical segment-shaped recess (14) of the presser foot sole (7). The sewing foot sole (7) can oscillate in a region limited on the one hand by two stub axles (3) and on the other hand by V-shaped recesses (6) in the shaft (1) in two mutually perpendicular planes.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Nähfuss für eine Nähmaschine gemäss Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a presser foot for a sewing machine according to the preamble of
Die Nähfüsse an Nähmaschinen dienen zum Andrücken des Nähgutes auf den Transporteur und bestehen in der Regel aus einem an der Stoffdrückerstange befestigbaren Schaft und einer an diesem Schaft fest oder austauschbar angebrachten Nähfussohle. Um das Uebernähen von Quernähten oder den Uebergang auf dickeres Nähgut zu erleichtern, sind die meisten Nähfussohlen gelenkig am Schaft befestigt, so dass sie in Nährichtung innerhalb eines begrenzten Bereichs um eine horizontale, quer zur Nährichtung liegende Achse pendeln können.The presser feet on sewing machines are used to press the sewing material onto the feed dog and usually consist of a shaft that can be attached to the presser bar and a sewing foot sole that is fixed or replaceable on this shaft. In order to facilitate the sewing of cross seams or the transition to thicker sewing material, most presser foot soles are articulated on the shaft, so that they can oscillate in the sewing direction within a limited range around a horizontal axis lying transversely to the sewing direction.
Das Schweizer Patent Nr. 369 009 zeigt einen Nähfuss dieser Art, dessen Nähfussohle um eine Schwenkachse pendeln kann, wobei der Pendelweg durch einen in der Sohle befestigten Stift,welcher in eine etwas grössere Bohrung im Schaft hineinragt, begrenzt wird.Swiss Patent No. 369 009 shows a presser foot of this type, the presser foot sole of which can oscillate about a pivot axis, the pendulum path being fixed in the sole pin that protrudes into a slightly larger hole in the shaft is limited.
In vielen Fällen ist es erwünscht oder sogar notwendig, dass die Nähfussohle auch senkrecht zur Nährichtung in einem beschränkten Bereich pendeln kann.In many cases it is desirable or even necessary that the sole of the presser foot can also swing in a limited area perpendicular to the sewing direction.
In der US-Patentschrift Nr. 3 304 896 wird vorgeschlagen, die Fussohle an einer U-förmigen Wippe anzulenken und die Wippe ihrerseits um eine horizontale, parallel zur Nährichtung verlaufenden Achse schwenkbar zu befestigen.In US Pat. No. 3,304,896 it is proposed that the sole of the foot be articulated to a U-shaped rocker and the rocker in turn be pivotably fastened about a horizontal axis running parallel to the sewing direction.
Diese Vorrichtung besteht nicht nur aus vielen Einzelteilen, welche aufwendig herzustellen und zu montieren sind, sondern sie weist weitere Nachteile auf, die einen reibungslosen Betrieb verhindern können: Die Druckübertragung vom Nähfussschaft auf die Nähfussohle bewirkt ein Verklemmen der horizontalen Achse in den Lagerbohrungen, so dass die Wippe nach kurzer Zeit nicht mehr pendeln kann. Zudem liegt die Drehachse für die Wippe relativ hoch über der auf das Nähgut drückenden Nähfussohle und bewirkt, dass die Sohle beim Pendeln der Wippe eine unerwünscht grosse Seitwärtsbewegung ausführt.This device not only consists of many individual parts, which are complex to manufacture and assemble, but it also has other disadvantages that can prevent smooth operation: the pressure transfer from the presser foot shaft to the presser foot sole causes the horizontal axis to jam in the bearing holes, so that the rocker can no longer swing after a short time. In addition, the axis of rotation for the rocker is relatively high above the presser foot sole pressing on the material and causes the sole to perform an undesirably large sideways movement when the rocker is swinging.
Der im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, für die Nähfussohle eine Aufhängung zu schaffen, welche die Nachteile der bekannten meidet und es ermöglicht, die Nähfussohle exakt über die Unebenheiten im Nähgut hinwegzuleiten, ohne dass dadurch auf das Nähgut durch die Bewegungen der Nähfussohle störende Schiebekräfte einwirken, die eine exakte Führung gefährden.The invention specified in
Die Aufgabe wird durch die im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruches 1 angegebene Erfindung gelöst.The object is achieved by the invention specified in the characterizing part of
Es ist nun möglich, einen Nähfuss herzustellen, dessen Sohle auch unter Last pendeln kann und gegenüber dem Nähgut keine dieses seitlich schiebende Bewegungen ausführt. Zudem benötigt der Nähfuss keine Wartung und lässt sich preisgünstig aus wenigen Einzelteilen herstellen.It is now possible to produce a presser foot, the sole of which can swing even under load and does not perform any sideways pushing movements relative to the material. In addition, the presser foot requires no maintenance and can be inexpensively manufactured from a few individual parts.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen beschrieben.Advantageous developments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.
Durch die seitlich am Nähfussschaft angebrachten Achstummel, die in Einschnitten an der Fussohle geführt werden, kann eine äusserst exakte Führung der Nähfussohle sowohl längs, als auch quer zur Naht erreicht werden.Due to the stub axles attached to the side of the presser foot shaft, which are made in incisions in the sole of the foot, extremely precise guidance of the presser foot sole can be achieved both lengthways and across the seam.
Durch die Wahl der Tiefe der Einschnitte kann der Pendelweg der Nähfussohle unabhängig vom Schaft für jede Nähfusssohle individuell gewählt werden.By choosing the depth of the incisions, the pendulum travel of the presser foot sole can be individually selected for each presser foot sole, regardless of the shaft.
In vorteilhafter Weise kann die Nähfussohle allein durch die Feder am Schaft befestigt und pendelnd gehalten werden, wobei der Pendelweg durch v-förmige Einschnitte vorgegeben werden kann.Advantageously, the sole of the sewing foot can be fastened to the shaft and held in an oscillating manner solely by the spring, the oscillating path being able to be predetermined by V-shaped incisions.
Dank der aufgebogenen Enden der beiden Schenkel der Feder lässt sich die Nähfussohle ohne Werkzeuge auswechseln.Thanks to the bent ends of the two legs of the spring, the sole of the presser foot can be replaced without tools.
Anhand illustrierter Ausführungsbeispiele wird die Erfindung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
Figur 1 eine Frontansicht eines Nähfussschaftes mit einem angeformten Kugelsegment,Figur 2 eine Seitenansicht eines Nähfussschaftes,Figur 3 einen Längsschnitt durch eine Nähfussohle mit einer kugelsegmentförmigen Vertiefung,Figur 4 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Nähfuss (Schaft in Ansicht),Figur 5 einen Längsschnitt durch einen weiteren Nähfuss mit auswechselbarer Nähfussohle,Figur 6 eine perspektivische Darstellung des Nähfusses und der Nähfussohle.
- FIG. 1 shows a front view of a presser foot shaft with an integrally formed ball segment,
- FIG. 2 shows a side view of a presser foot shaft,
- FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through a presser foot sole with a spherical segment-shaped depression,
- FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section through a presser foot (shaft in view),
- FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal section through a further presser foot with an interchangeable presser foot sole,
- Figure 6 is a perspective view of the presser foot and the presser foot sole.
Der in Figur 1 dargestellte Nähfussschaft 1 weist oben eine herkömmliche Vorrichtung 2 zur Befestigung des Schaftes 1 an einer Nähmaschine (nicht sichtbar) auf. Unten sind am Schaft 1 seitlich zwei auf einer gemeinsamen Achse A liegende Achsstummel 3 sowie ein Kugelsegment 4 angebracht. Das geometrische Zentrum des Kugelsegmentes liegt in der Achse A.The
Seitlich des Schaftunterteiles 5 sind V-förmige Ausnehmungen 6 angebracht (siehe auch Figur 2), welche eine von der Achse A gegen hinten stetig zunehmende Breite aufweisen.V-
Der Nähfussschaft ist vorzugsweise gespritzt oder gepresst.The presser foot shaft is preferably injection molded or pressed.
Die Nähfussohle 7 gemäss Figur 3 besteht aus einem flachen, auf dem Nähgut aufliegenden Abschnitt 8 und einem die Nähgutzuführung erleichternden nach oben gebogenen Abschnitt 9, der zwei im Abstand nebeneinanderliegende Teile19aufweist. Auf den flachen Abschnitt 8 sind zwei parallele Laschen 10 angebracht, an denen ein Einschnitt 11 bis auf die Oberfläche des Abschnittes 8 eingelassen ist. Die Einschnitte 11 weisen im wesentlichen parallele Flanken 12 auf, die in einen halbkreisförmigen Grund 13 übergehen.The sewing foot sole 7 according to FIG. 3 consists of a
Zwischen den Laschen 10 ist an der Nähfussohle eine kugelsegmentförmige Vertiefung 14 eingelassen, deren geometrischer Mittelpunkt in einer Ebene B liegt, die genau durch die Mitte der beiden Einschnitte 11 verläuft.Between the
Eine U-förmige Feder 15 ist mit dem Basisschenkel 16 am rückwärtigen Teil des Abschnittes 8 der Nähfussohle 7 befestigt. Die beiden Schenkel 17 verlaufen in schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen 18 in den Laschen 10 und überspannen den zentralen Bereich der Nähfussohle 7.A U-shaped
Bei zusammengefügtem Nähfussschaft 1 und Nähfussohle 7 gemäss Figur 4 liegen die Federschenkel 17 über den Achsstummeln 3 und halten diese in den Einschnitten 11 fest. Das Kugelsegment 4 ist dabei in die kugelsegmentförmige Vertiefung 14 an der Nähfussohle 7 eingebettet. Die Federschenkel 17 verlaufen am Nähfussschaft 1 in den v-förmigen Ausnehmungen 6, so dass die Nähfussohle 7 um die Achse A schwenkbar ist, und zwar innerhalb des durch die V-förmigen Ausnehmungen am Schaft 1 gebildeten Segementes. Quer zur Achse A, d.h. auch quer zur Nährichtung kann die Nähfussohle 7 so weit pendeln, bis einer der beiden Achsstummel 3 am Grund 13 des Einschnittes 11 anliegt.When the
Sowohl bei der Pendelbewegung um die Achse A, als auch quer zur Nährichtung wird die Nähfussohle 7 präzise am Kugelsegment 4 des Nähfussschaftes 1 geführt. Der gesamte Kraftfluss erfolgt ebenfalls über das Kugelsegement 4.The sewing foot sole 7 is guided precisely on the
In der Ausführung der Erfindung nach Figur 5 sind die Schenkelenden 19 der Feder 15 nach oben umgebogen. Diese Massnahme ermöglicht es der Benützerin der Nähmaschine, die Nähfusssohle 7 vom Nähfussschaft 1 zu entfernen und mühelos durch eine andere zu ersetzen, indem die Feder 15 an den Schenkelenden 19 angehoben und die Nähfussohle 7 ausgetauscht wird.In the embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 5, the leg ends 19 of the
In der Darstellung nach Figur 6 ist deutlich die Ausbildung der Feder 15, deren Befestigung an der Nähfussohle 7 und deren Lage in den Ausnehmungen 6 ersichtlich.The design according to FIG. 6 clearly shows the design of the
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH4486/84A CH664393A5 (en) | 1984-09-19 | 1984-09-19 | PRESSER FOOT FOR SEWING MACHINE. |
CH4486/84 | 1984-09-19 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0175646A1 true EP0175646A1 (en) | 1986-03-26 |
EP0175646B1 EP0175646B1 (en) | 1988-05-11 |
Family
ID=4277003
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP85810403A Expired EP0175646B1 (en) | 1984-09-19 | 1985-09-04 | Presser foot for a sewing machine |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4643116A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0175646B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS6173686A (en) |
AU (1) | AU570896B2 (en) |
CH (1) | CH664393A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3562639D1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ213240A (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA855933B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4105763A1 (en) * | 1991-02-23 | 1992-08-27 | Suspa Compart Ag | LINKING A VIBRATION DAMPER FOR A WASHING MACHINE |
JPH08294594A (en) * | 1995-04-27 | 1996-11-12 | Singer Nikko Kk | Cloth pressing device for sewing machine |
CN103397482A (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2013-11-20 | 苏州巨康缝制机器人有限公司 | Ball presser foot |
JP7031475B2 (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2022-03-08 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | Presser device |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1901752A (en) * | 1931-11-14 | 1933-03-14 | Singer Mfg Co | Sewing machine presser-foot |
US2370738A (en) * | 1941-04-17 | 1945-03-06 | Union Special Machine Co | Sewing machine |
US2549269A (en) * | 1950-02-14 | 1951-04-17 | Merrow Machine Co | Sewing-machine presser-foot mechanism |
US3145674A (en) * | 1962-06-12 | 1964-08-25 | Koshin Seimitsu Kikai Kabushik | Pressure foot for sewing machines |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US747163A (en) * | 1903-04-14 | 1903-12-15 | John M Greist | Sewing-machine presser-foot holder. |
US1625616A (en) * | 1923-12-14 | 1927-04-19 | Union Special Machine Co | Presser foot for sewing machines |
US1639441A (en) * | 1926-01-28 | 1927-08-16 | Spahr Otto | Safety razor |
US1779057A (en) * | 1929-11-05 | 1930-10-21 | Tolmach Samuel | Toothbrush |
US1930628A (en) * | 1932-06-09 | 1933-10-17 | Willcox & Gibbs Sewing Machine | Presser foot connection |
US2949085A (en) * | 1956-11-21 | 1960-08-16 | Pfaff Ag G M | Presser foot for sewing machine |
CH369009A (en) * | 1959-02-19 | 1963-04-30 | Gegauf Fritz Ag | Articulated presser foot with the presser foot sole suspended from the presser foot shaft |
US3304896A (en) * | 1966-02-07 | 1967-02-21 | Singer Co | Presser foot for sewing buttonholes |
US3375044A (en) * | 1967-05-04 | 1968-03-26 | Arnold M. Peterson | Handle adapter for tools |
US3604044A (en) * | 1969-06-27 | 1971-09-14 | Ronald W Johnson | Brush with movable head |
JPS5077037A (en) * | 1973-11-07 | 1975-06-24 | ||
US4066369A (en) * | 1976-10-26 | 1978-01-03 | Essex Group, Inc. | Override clip assembly |
US4214540A (en) * | 1979-05-30 | 1980-07-29 | The Singer Company | Variable presser bar pressure control arrangement |
DE3242937C2 (en) * | 1982-11-20 | 1984-12-13 | Union Special Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Sewing machine with a transport wheel arranged above a throat plate in the area of the stitch formation point |
-
1984
- 1984-09-19 CH CH4486/84A patent/CH664393A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1985
- 1985-08-06 ZA ZA855933A patent/ZA855933B/en unknown
- 1985-08-19 AU AU46410/85A patent/AU570896B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1985-08-26 NZ NZ213240A patent/NZ213240A/en unknown
- 1985-08-27 US US06/769,862 patent/US4643116A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-09-04 EP EP85810403A patent/EP0175646B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-09-04 DE DE8585810403T patent/DE3562639D1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-09-11 JP JP60199634A patent/JPS6173686A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1901752A (en) * | 1931-11-14 | 1933-03-14 | Singer Mfg Co | Sewing machine presser-foot |
US2370738A (en) * | 1941-04-17 | 1945-03-06 | Union Special Machine Co | Sewing machine |
US2549269A (en) * | 1950-02-14 | 1951-04-17 | Merrow Machine Co | Sewing-machine presser-foot mechanism |
US3145674A (en) * | 1962-06-12 | 1964-08-25 | Koshin Seimitsu Kikai Kabushik | Pressure foot for sewing machines |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA855933B (en) | 1986-09-24 |
JPS6173686A (en) | 1986-04-15 |
NZ213240A (en) | 1988-01-08 |
DE3562639D1 (en) | 1988-06-16 |
CH664393A5 (en) | 1988-02-29 |
AU4641085A (en) | 1986-03-27 |
AU570896B2 (en) | 1988-03-24 |
EP0175646B1 (en) | 1988-05-11 |
US4643116A (en) | 1987-02-17 |
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