EP0169748B1 - Device for damping overvoltages in a solenoid, and solenoid equipped with such a device - Google Patents

Device for damping overvoltages in a solenoid, and solenoid equipped with such a device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0169748B1
EP0169748B1 EP85401063A EP85401063A EP0169748B1 EP 0169748 B1 EP0169748 B1 EP 0169748B1 EP 85401063 A EP85401063 A EP 85401063A EP 85401063 A EP85401063 A EP 85401063A EP 0169748 B1 EP0169748 B1 EP 0169748B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic circuit
electromagnet
fixed magnetic
mobile
air gap
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EP85401063A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0169748A1 (en
Inventor
Alain Brisson
Jean René Clément
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Telemecanique SA
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La Telemecanique Electrique SA
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Publication of EP0169748A1 publication Critical patent/EP0169748A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/44—Magnetic coils or windings
    • H01H50/46—Short-circuited conducting sleeves, bands, or discs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/10—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures specially adapted for alternating current
    • H01F7/12—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures specially adapted for alternating current having anti-chattering arrangements
    • H01F7/1205—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures specially adapted for alternating current having anti-chattering arrangements having short-circuited conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/163—Details concerning air-gaps, e.g. anti-remanence, damping, anti-corrosion

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an overvoltage damping device for an electromagnet as well as an electromagnet equipped with such a device.
  • It relates more particularly to a device capable of ensuring at least two functions, namely: a function of limiting overvoltage cut-off of the electromagnet and a function of destroying the remanent induction of the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet when the control coil is not energized.
  • the elimination of the residual induction of the magnetic circuit when the control coil is not supplied is obtained by defining air gaps in the closed state of the electromagnet, by means of parts made of non-magnetic material which may also have damping properties.
  • the function of limiting cut-off overvoltages is ensured by means of a ring produced by cutting and bending a thin strip, and mounted on the core of the magnetic circuit.
  • molded rings for example made of silicone elastomer, mounted on the two lateral wings of the fixed magnetic circuit and on which the ends of the lateral wings of the mobile magnetic circuit come to bear.
  • the invention therefore more particularly aims to eliminate this drawback.
  • the overvoltage damping device in an electromagnet comprising a fixed magnetic circuit and a mobile magnetic circuit cooperating with the fixed magnetic circuit and forming, with the latter, in the "closed" position, at least one air gap, the overvoltage damping device according to the invention is consists of a ring mounted in short circuit on the fixed magnetic circuit so as to absorb overvoltages due to variations in the magnetic flux when the electromagnet is controlled, this ring being constituted by an electrically good and non-magnetic strip and comprising at least one part shaped so as to extend into said air gap.
  • the two wings of the short-circuited ring will only serve to participate in the guidance during the start of closing and do not will not have a function for defining the final air gap (anti-remanent air gap) since this function remains provided by the elastomer rings.
  • the first solution in which the overvoltage limitation ring simultaneously ensures the air gap centering guide at closing and the anti-persistence is more advantageous.
  • the fixing and centering of the fixed magnetic circuit 2 in the coil 13 are ensured by a cylindrical stud 19.
  • the invention is not limited to such an arrangement.
  • the fixed magnetic circuit 2 could, for example, simply be force-fitted into the carcass 14 of the coil 13.
  • the mobile magnetic circuit 5 comprises a key 21 cooperating with an axial groove provided in the carcass 14 of the coil 13.
  • the shapes of the air gaps 10 and 11 are determined during design to adapt the law of variation of the motor force to the resistant force.
  • the end of the central wing 9 of the fixed magnetic circuit has a V-shaped profile concavity, 24, in which the end 25 of the central wing 7 of the mobile magnetic circuit 5 which consequently has a substantially complementary convex V shape.
  • These two complementary shapes 24, 25 determine an air gap 11 substantially in the form of a V.
  • the ends of the two lateral wings 8 of the fixed magnetic circuit 2 each comprise a chamfered outer face 26, 27, and the ends of the two lateral wings 6 of the movable magnetic circuit 5 each comprise an chamfered inner face 28, 29, the faces chamfered outer 26, 27 of the fixed magnetic circuit 2 cooperating with the chamfered inner faces 28, 29 of the movable magnetic circuit 5 to form two lateral gaps 10 oblique to each other.
  • the overvoltage limitation function is obtained using a strip of copper alloy folded so as to have a U-shaped section, the core of which comprises a substantially rectangular central recess.
  • This strip is disposed on the core 3 of the fixed magnetic circuit 2 which it partially envelops, the central wing 9 passing through the recess. It performs the function of a short-circuit ring to absorb overvoltages when switching off by consuming energy during flow variations in the central wing 9 of the magnetic circuit.
  • the anti-persistence and damping function is, for its part, obtained by two dampers 35 each consisting of a ring of rectangular section made of silicone elastomer obtained by molding. They are fitted onto two respective studs 45 provided on the outer faces of the lateral wings 8 of the fixed magnetic circuit 2, substantially at the base of the chamfered faces 26, 27.
  • pins 45 are obtained by cutting the magnetic sheets at an appropriate angle 46 to facilitate the assembly of the rings constituting the shock absorbers 35.
  • shock absorbers 35 on which abuts the end of the wings 6 of the mobile magnetic circuit 5, makes it possible, in addition to the role of shock absorber, to provide the anti-persistence function of the air gaps 10, 11 materialized by the non-magnetic elastomer .
  • the choice of a silicone elastomer results from the requirements of the resistance of the antiremantent damper to the working temperatures of the electromagnet to sheet cutting oils and the high mechanical endurance.
  • the qualities of non-adhesion (exfoliation) of such an elastomer are useful. to guarantee the take-off of the mobile circuit over time when the power supply to the electromagnet is cut. It is obvious that any non-magnetic material having mechanical damping properties and suitable for the requirements of endurance resistance and environmental conditions can be used in the context of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 represents an overvoltage damping ring 50 according to the invention which makes it possible to avoid this problem of sticking.
  • This ring more particularly comprises a body similar to the ring used in FIG. 1 and which consequently has a U-shaped section, the core 51 of which has a substantially rectangular central recess 52, through which the wing can pass. central 9 of the fixed magnetic circuit 2.
  • the core 52 is extended, at each of its ends, by a tab 53, 54 having a first part folded at right angles 55, 56 which comes to extend against the inner face of a corresponding lateral wing 8 of the fixed magnetic circuit 2, this part 55, 56 itself being extended by an obliquely folded part 57, 58 which covers the chamfered outer face 26, 27 of the end of said lateral wing 8.
  • This ring 50 is made from a strip of non-magnetic material having both a high electrical conductivity and anti-friction properties, so that in addition to its function of limiting overvoltages, it allows thanks to the oblique parts 57, 58 a guiding the mobile magnetic circuit 5 without risk of sticking and the materialization of the air gaps 10 during closing.
  • the anti-persistence is provided by the shock absorbers 35. It is clear that if these shock absorbers were not used, the oblique parts of the ring, on which the chamfered ends would then come to abut the end of the closing stroke 28 , 29 of the lateral wings 6, 7 of the mobile magnetic circuit 5, would then alone carry out the anti-persistence function.
  • the invention is not limited to the shape of the electromagnet described above, and the combination of the surge suppressor ring and the antiremanent strip can be applied to any other type of continuous electromagnet, and, in particular, for the production of the overvoltage limitation ring of a movable vane relay such as that which is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 6.
  • the paddle relay consists of an electromagnet comprising a core 60 around which is mounted a coil 61 shown schematically in broken lines.
  • This core 60 comprises on one side a circular flat head 62 and is fixed at a right angle, on the other side, on one of the wings 63 of an L-shaped frame.
  • the overvoltage damping device consists of a ring in the shape of a crown 68 surrounding the core 60 and held under the head 62 by means of two wings 69, 70 folded over the magnetic surface 67 which serve anti-remanent air gaps.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif amortisseur de surtensions pour électroaimant ainsi qu'un électroaimant équipé d'un tel dispositif.The present invention relates to an overvoltage damping device for an electromagnet as well as an electromagnet equipped with such a device.

Elle a plus particulièrement pour objet un dispositif apte à assurer au moins deux fonctions, à savoir: une fonction de limitation de surtensions de coupure de l'électroaimant et une fonction consistant à détruire l'induction rémanente du circuit magnétique de l'électroaimant quand la bobine de commande n'est pas alimentée.It relates more particularly to a device capable of ensuring at least two functions, namely: a function of limiting overvoltage cut-off of the electromagnet and a function of destroying the remanent induction of the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet when the control coil is not energized.

D'une manière générale, on sait que dans certains types d'électroaimants la fonction de limitation des surtensions de coupure est assurée par une bague en court-circuit réalisée en un alliage cuivreux et montée de préférence sur la partie fixe du circuit magnétique supportant la bobine de l'électroaimant.In general, it is known that in certain types of electromagnets the function of limiting cut-off overvoltages is provided by a short-circuit ring made of a copper alloy and preferably mounted on the fixed part of the magnetic circuit supporting the solenoid coil.

Par ailleurs, l'élimination de l'induction rémanente du circuit magnétique quand la bobine de commande n'est pas alimentée est obtenue en définissant des entrefers à l'état fermé de l'électroaimant, au moyen de pièces en matériau amagnétique pouvant également présenter des propriétés d'amortissement.Furthermore, the elimination of the residual induction of the magnetic circuit when the control coil is not supplied is obtained by defining air gaps in the closed state of the electromagnet, by means of parts made of non-magnetic material which may also have damping properties.

Ces deux fonctions se trouvent réalisées par exemple dans l'électroaimant silencieux décrit dans la demande de brevet français No. 2.560.429, au nom de la Demanderesse pour: «Electro-aimant silencieux et contacteur utilisant un tel électroaimant» qui décrit un électroaimant comprenant:

  • - un circuit magnétique fixe, en forme de E, dont l'extrémité de l'aile centrale présente une concavité de profil en forme de V et dont les extrémités des deux ailes latérales présentent une face extérieure chanfreinée,
  • - un circuit magnétique mobile, également en forme de E, dont l'extrémité de l'aile centrale présente une forme convexe de profil sensiblement complémentaire à celui de ladite cavité et dont les extrémités des ailes latérales présentent une face intérieure chanfreinée, et
  • - une bobine enroulée autour des ailes centrales des circuits magnétiques mobiles et fixes.
These two functions are found, for example, in the silent electromagnet described in French patent application No. 2,560,429, in the name of the Applicant for: "Silent electromagnet and contactor using such an electromagnet" which describes an electromagnet comprising :
  • a fixed magnetic circuit, E-shaped, the end of the central wing of which has a V-shaped profile concavity and the ends of the two lateral wings of which have a chamfered outer face,
  • a mobile magnetic circuit, also in the shape of an E, the end of the central wing of which has a convex shape with a profile substantially complementary to that of said cavity and the ends of the lateral wings of which have a chamfered inner face, and
  • - a coil wound around the central wings of the mobile and fixed magnetic circuits.

Toutefois ce document visé a l'article 54 (3) ne peut pas être pris en considération.However, this document referred to in Article 54 (3) cannot be taken into account.

Dans cet exemple, la fonction de limitation des surtensions de coupure est assurée au moyen d'une bague réalisée par découpe et pliage d'un feuillard de faible épaisseur, et montée sur l'âme du circuit magnétique.In this example, the function of limiting cut-off overvoltages is ensured by means of a ring produced by cutting and bending a thin strip, and mounted on the core of the magnetic circuit.

La matérialisation des entrefers formés à l'état fermé de l'électroaimant par lesdites formes concave et convexe et par les faces chanfreinées des circuits magnétiques de l'électroaimant, est alors assurée par des bagues moulées, par exemple en élastomère siliconé, montées sur les deux ailes latérales du circuit magnétique fixe et sur lesquelles viennent porter les extrémités des ailes latérales du circuit magnétique mobile.The materialization of the air gaps formed in the closed state of the electromagnet by said concave and convex shapes and by the chamfered faces of the magnetic circuits of the electromagnet, is then ensured by molded rings, for example made of silicone elastomer, mounted on the two lateral wings of the fixed magnetic circuit and on which the ends of the lateral wings of the mobile magnetic circuit come to bear.

Toutefois, selon ce mode de réalisation, ces deux fonctions ne sont correctement remplies que lorsque le centrage des deux circuits magnétiques fixe et mobile est bon et que le jeu de guidage du circuit mobile est faible.However, according to this embodiment, these two functions are only correctly fulfilled when the centering of the two fixed and mobile magnetic circuits is good and the guide clearance of the mobile circuit is low.

En effet, du fait que les entrefers obliques latéraux ou centraux doivent être petits, par définition, pour diminuer les réluctances d'entrefer à circuit ouvert, un décentrage significatif et/ou un jeu de guidage trop important entraînent, lors de la fermeture, une dissymétrie des entrefers latéraux pouvant aller jusqu'au «collage» magnétique sur une des branches latérales, ce qui peut aller jusqu'à la non fermeture totale du circuit magnétique.In fact, by virtue of the fact that the lateral or central oblique air gaps must be small, by definition, in order to decrease the air gap reluctances with an open circuit, significant off-center and / or excessive guide clearance cause, upon closing, a asymmetry of the lateral air gaps which can go as far as magnetic "bonding" on one of the lateral branches, which can go as far as not completely closing the magnetic circuit.

Pour éviter cet inconvénient, il devient nécessaire de mettre sur ces deux faces une pièce en matériau amagnétique, de préférence avec propriété antifriction qui se limitera à une fonction de guidage, lors du débit de fermeture et n'aura pas pour fonction de définir l'entrefer final (entrefer antirémanent) puisque cette fonction reste assurée par les bagues en élastomère précédemment mentionnées.To avoid this drawback, it becomes necessary to put on these two faces a piece of non-magnetic material, preferably with antifriction property which will be limited to a guiding function, during the closing flow and will not have the function of defining the final air gap (anti-remanent air gap) since this function remains provided by the elastomer rings previously mentioned.

Il est clair que ces dispositions font intervenir une multiplicité de pièces (bague de limitation des surtensions, bagues en élastomère, pièce en matériau amagnétique antifriction).It is clear that these provisions involve a multiplicity of parts (overvoltage limiting ring, elastomer rings, part made of non-friction non-magnetic material).

L'invention a donc plus particulièrement pour but de supprimer cet inconvénient.The invention therefore more particularly aims to eliminate this drawback.

Elle propose à cet effet un dispositif amortisseur de surtensions selon lequel les deux fonctions précédemment mentionées peuvent être réalisées par une seule et même pièce.To this end, it proposes a device for absorbing overvoltages, according to which the two functions mentioned above can be carried out by one and the same part.

Ainsi, dans un électroaimant comprenant un circuit magnétique fixe et un circuit magnétique mobile coopérant avec le circuit magnétique fixe et formant, avec celui-ci, en position «fermée», au moins un entrefer, le dispositif amortisseur de surtensions selon l'invention se compose d'une bague montée en court-circuit sur le circuit magnétique fixe de manière à amortir les surtensions dues aux variations du flux magnétique lors de la commande de l'électroaimant, cette bague étant constituée par un feuillard électriquement bon conducteur et amagnétique et comportant au moins une partie conformée de manière à venir s'étendre dans ledit entrefer.Thus, in an electromagnet comprising a fixed magnetic circuit and a mobile magnetic circuit cooperating with the fixed magnetic circuit and forming, with the latter, in the "closed" position, at least one air gap, the overvoltage damping device according to the invention is consists of a ring mounted in short circuit on the fixed magnetic circuit so as to absorb overvoltages due to variations in the magnetic flux when the electromagnet is controlled, this ring being constituted by an electrically good and non-magnetic strip and comprising at least one part shaped so as to extend into said air gap.

Il est clair qu'en l'absence de moyens particuliers prévus pour matérialiser les entrefers formés à l'état fermé de l'électroaimant, les ailes de la bague en court-circuit permettent de réaliser cette fonction ainsi que celle de guidage.It is clear that in the absence of special means provided for materializing the air gaps formed in the closed state of the electromagnet, the wings of the ring in short circuit make it possible to perform this function as well as that of guiding.

Par contre, dans le cas où l'électroaimant est du type de celui décrit dans la demande de brevet précédemment mentionnée, les deux ailes de la bague en court-circuit ne serviront qu'à participer au guidage lors du début de fermeture et n'auront pas de fonction de définition d'entrefer final (entrefer antirémanent) puisque cette fonction reste assurée par les bagues en élastomère.On the other hand, in the case where the electromagnet is of the type described in the patent application mentioned above, the two wings of the short-circuited ring will only serve to participate in the guidance during the start of closing and do not will not have a function for defining the final air gap (anti-remanent air gap) since this function remains provided by the elastomer rings.

Il convient de noter à ce sujet que cette seconde solution, plus complexe, n'est justifiée que lorsque l'on désire obtenir un électroaimant silencieux et que, dans ce cas, les éléments antirémanents jouent en outre le rôle d'amortisseur.It should be noted in this regard that this second, more complex solution is only justified when it is desired to obtain a silent electromagnet and that, in this case, the anti-persistence elements also play the role of damper.

Par contre, dans le cas d'électroaimants à alimentation à courant continu fonctionnant dans un environnement normalement bruyant, la première solution dans laquelle la bague de limitation des surtensions assure en même temps le guidage de centrage d'entrefer à la fermeture et l'antirémanence, est plus avantageuse.On the other hand, in the case of electromagnets with DC power supply operating in a normally noisy environment, the first solution in which the overvoltage limitation ring simultaneously ensures the air gap centering guide at closing and the anti-persistence , is more advantageous.

Des modes de réalisation de l'invention seront décrits ci-après, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, avec référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'un contracteur du type de celui décrit dans la demande de brevet français No 84 03014;
  • la figure 2 est une vue schématique des extrémités des ailes des parties mobiles et fixes du circuit magnétique du contacteur représenté figure 1, dans le cas d'un collage magnétique;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en perspective d'un dispositif amortisseur de surtensions selon l'invention, utilisable dans le contacteur représenté figure 1;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en perspective des parties fixe et mobile du circuit magnétique du contacteur représenté figure 1, équipé du dispositif amortisseur de surtensions selon la figure 3;
  • la figure 5 est une vue de côté de la partie fixe de ce circuit magnétique équipée du dispositif amortisseur de surtensions;
  • la figure 6 est une vue en perspective schématique d'un électroaimant dans lequel le dispositif amortisseur de surtensions assure également la fonction d'antirémanence.
Embodiments of the invention will be described below, by way of nonlimiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of a contractor of the type described in French patent application No. 84 03014;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the ends of the wings of the movable and fixed parts of the magnetic circuit of the contactor shown in Figure 1, in the case of magnetic bonding;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of a surge absorber device according to the invention, usable in the contactor shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the fixed and movable parts of the magnetic circuit of the contactor shown in Figure 1, equipped with the overvoltage damping device according to Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a side view of the fixed part of this magnetic circuit equipped with the overvoltage damping device;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic perspective view of an electromagnet in which the overvoltage damping device also performs the anti-persistence function.

Avec référence à la figure 1, le contacteur présente une structure classique de contacteur à translation comprenant, à l'intérieur d'un boîtier 1:

  • - un circuit magnétique fixe 2, en forme de E, dont l'âme 3 se trouve fixée contre une plaque de fond 4 solidaire du boîtier 1,
  • - un circuit magnétique mobile 5, également en forme de E, dont les ailes 6, 7 se trouvent respectivement alignées sur les ailes 8, 9 du circuit magnétique fixe 2, les extrémités respectives des ailes 6, 7, 8, 9 de ces deux circuits magnétiques étant mutuellement en regard et formant des entrefers 10, 11,
  • - une bobine 13 enroulée sur une carcasse tubulaire 14 et disposée dans le volume compris entre les ailes 6, 7, 8, 9 du circuit magnétique fixe 2 et du circuit magnétique mobile 5,
  • - des moyens de fixation permettant de solidariser la carcasse 14 de la bobine 13 au circuit magnétique fixe 2,
  • - des moyens de guidage du circuit magnétique mobile 5 dans ladite carcasse 14,
  • - un équipage porte-contact mobile 15 monté sur l'âme 16 du circuit magnétique mobile 5, et
  • - au moins un ressort de rappel 17 disposé entre l'épaulement supérieur 18 de la carcasse 14 de la bobine 13 et l'âme 16 du circuit magnétique 5.
With reference to FIG. 1, the contactor has a conventional structure of a translational contactor comprising, inside a housing 1:
  • a fixed magnetic circuit 2, in the shape of an E, the core 3 of which is fixed against a bottom plate 4 secured to the housing 1,
  • a mobile magnetic circuit 5, also in the form of an E, the wings 6, 7 of which are respectively aligned with the wings 8, 9 of the fixed magnetic circuit 2, the respective ends of the wings 6, 7, 8, 9 of these two magnetic circuits being opposite one another and forming air gaps 10, 11,
  • a coil 13 wound on a tubular carcass 14 and placed in the volume between the wings 6, 7, 8, 9 of the fixed magnetic circuit 2 and of the mobile magnetic circuit 5,
  • fixing means making it possible to secure the carcass 14 of the coil 13 to the fixed magnetic circuit 2,
  • means for guiding the mobile magnetic circuit 5 in said carcass 14,
  • a mobile contact carrier assembly 15 mounted on the core 16 of the mobile magnetic circuit 5, and
  • at least one return spring 17 disposed between the upper shoulder 18 of the carcass 14 of the coil 13 and the core 16 of the magnetic circuit 5.

D'une façon plus précise, dans l'exemple représenté, la fixation et le centrage du circuit magnétique fixe 2 dans la bobine 13 sont assurés par un goujon cylindrique 19. Bien entendu, l'invention ne se limite pas à une telle disposition. Le circuit magnétique fixe 2 pourrait, par exemple, être tout simplement emmanché à force dans la carcasse 14 de la bobine 13.More specifically, in the example shown, the fixing and centering of the fixed magnetic circuit 2 in the coil 13 are ensured by a cylindrical stud 19. Of course, the invention is not limited to such an arrangement. The fixed magnetic circuit 2 could, for example, simply be force-fitted into the carcass 14 of the coil 13.

Pour son guidage, le circuit magnétique mobile 5 comprend une clavette 21 coopérant avec une rainure axiale prévue dans la carcasse 14 de la bobine 13.For its guidance, the mobile magnetic circuit 5 comprises a key 21 cooperating with an axial groove provided in the carcass 14 of the coil 13.

Les formes des entrefers 10 et 11 sont déterminées lors de la conception pour adapter la loi de variation de l'effort moteur à l'effort résistant.The shapes of the air gaps 10 and 11 are determined during design to adapt the law of variation of the motor force to the resistant force.

Ainsi, dans cet exemple, l'extrémité de l'aile cen- traie 9 du circuit magnétique fixe présente une concavité de profil en forme de V, 24, dans laquelle vient s'engager l'extrémité 25 de l'aile centrale 7 du circuit magnétique mobile 5 qui présente, en conséquence, une forme convexe en V sensiblement complémentaire. Ces deux formes complémentaires 24, 25 déterminent un entrefer 11 sensiblement en forme de V.Thus, in this example, the end of the central wing 9 of the fixed magnetic circuit has a V-shaped profile concavity, 24, in which the end 25 of the central wing 7 of the mobile magnetic circuit 5 which consequently has a substantially complementary convex V shape. These two complementary shapes 24, 25 determine an air gap 11 substantially in the form of a V.

De même, les extrémités des deux ailes latérales 8 du circuit magnétique fixe 2 comprennent chacune une face extérieure chanfreinée 26, 27, et les extrémités des deux ailes latérales 6 du circuit magnétique mobile 5 comprennent chacune une face intérieure chanfreinée 28, 29, les faces extérieures chanfreinées 26, 27 du circuit magnétique fixe 2 coopérant avec les faces intérieures chanfreinées 28, 29 du circuit magnétique mobile 5 pour former deux entrefers latéraux 10 obliques l'un par rapport à l'autre.Likewise, the ends of the two lateral wings 8 of the fixed magnetic circuit 2 each comprise a chamfered outer face 26, 27, and the ends of the two lateral wings 6 of the movable magnetic circuit 5 each comprise an chamfered inner face 28, 29, the faces chamfered outer 26, 27 of the fixed magnetic circuit 2 cooperating with the chamfered inner faces 28, 29 of the movable magnetic circuit 5 to form two lateral gaps 10 oblique to each other.

Ces formes des entrefers 10, 11 présentent l'avantage d'être facilement reproductibles en fabrication de série industrielle, grâce à l'adoption d'une technique de découpe de tôles minces assemblées par les méthodes désormais classiques (rivetage) pour l'obtention des circuits magnétiques à alimentation en courant alternatif.These shapes of air gaps 10, 11 have the advantage of being easily reproducible in industrial series manufacturing, thanks to the adoption of a technique for cutting thin sheets assembled by now conventional methods (riveting) for obtaining magnetic circuits with alternating current supply.

L'oblicité des entrefers actifs latéraux 10 et centraux 11, par rapport au mouvement de fermeture en translation du circuit magnétique mobile 5, permet de diminuer les reluctances d'appel pour une même course utile.The obliqueness of the lateral active 10 and central 11 air gaps, with respect to the closing movement in translation of the mobile magnetic circuit 5, makes it possible to reduce the call reluctances for the same useful stroke.

Dans cet exemple de réalisation, la fonction de limitation de surtensions est obtenue à l'aide d'un feuillard en alliage cuivreux replié de manière à présenter une forme de section en U dont l'âme comprend un évidement central sensiblement rectangulaire. Ce feuillard est disposé sur l'âme 3 du circuit magnétique fixe 2 qu'il enveloppe partiellement, l'aile centrale 9 passant au travers de l'évidement. Il assure la fonction de bague en court-circuit pour amortir les surtensions à la coupure par consommation d'énérgie lors des variations de flux dans l'aile centrale 9 du circuit magnétique.In this embodiment, the overvoltage limitation function is obtained using a strip of copper alloy folded so as to have a U-shaped section, the core of which comprises a substantially rectangular central recess. This strip is disposed on the core 3 of the fixed magnetic circuit 2 which it partially envelops, the central wing 9 passing through the recess. It performs the function of a short-circuit ring to absorb overvoltages when switching off by consuming energy during flow variations in the central wing 9 of the magnetic circuit.

La fonction d'antirémanence et d'amortissement est, quant à elle, obtenue par deux amortisseurs 35 consistant chacun en une bague de section rectangulaire en élastomère siliconé obtenu par moulage. Ils viennent s'emmancher sur deux tétons respectifs 45 prévus sur les faces extérieures des ailes latérales 8 du circuit magnétique fixe 2, sensiblement à la base des faces chanfreinées 26, 27.The anti-persistence and damping function is, for its part, obtained by two dampers 35 each consisting of a ring of rectangular section made of silicone elastomer obtained by molding. They are fitted onto two respective studs 45 provided on the outer faces of the lateral wings 8 of the fixed magnetic circuit 2, substantially at the base of the chamfered faces 26, 27.

Ces tétons 45 sont obtenus par découpe des tôles magnétiques selon un angle 46 approprié pour faciliter l'assemblage des bagues constituant les amortisseurs 35.These pins 45 are obtained by cutting the magnetic sheets at an appropriate angle 46 to facilitate the assembly of the rings constituting the shock absorbers 35.

La position de ces amortisseurs 35 sur lesquels vient buter l'extrémité des ailes 6 du circuit magnétique mobile 5, permet d'assurer en plus du rôle d'amortisseur, la fonction d'antirémanence des entrefers 10, 11 matérialisés par l'élastomère amagnétique. Le choix d'un élastomère siliconé résulte des exigences de tenue de l'amortisseur antirémanent aux températures de travail de l'électroaimant aux huiles de découpe des tôles et de l'endurance mécanique élevée. De plus, les qualités de non adhérence (gommage) d'un tel élastomère sont utiles pour garantir dans le temps le décollage du circuit mobile lors de la coupure de l'alimentation de l'électroaimant. Il est évident que toute matière amagnétique ayant des propriétés d'amortissement mécaniques et convenant pour les exigences de tenue en endurance et aux conditions d'environnement est utilisable dans le cadre de l'invention.The position of these shock absorbers 35 on which abuts the end of the wings 6 of the mobile magnetic circuit 5, makes it possible, in addition to the role of shock absorber, to provide the anti-persistence function of the air gaps 10, 11 materialized by the non-magnetic elastomer . The choice of a silicone elastomer results from the requirements of the resistance of the antiremantent damper to the working temperatures of the electromagnet to sheet cutting oils and the high mechanical endurance. In addition, the qualities of non-adhesion (exfoliation) of such an elastomer are useful. to guarantee the take-off of the mobile circuit over time when the power supply to the electromagnet is cut. It is obvious that any non-magnetic material having mechanical damping properties and suitable for the requirements of endurance resistance and environmental conditions can be used in the context of the invention.

On notera que sur la figure 1, les traits interrompus T indiquant la position fermée du circuit magnétique mobile font apparaître que dans cette position, les amortisseurs 35 sont écrasés mais laissent subsister des entrefers latéraux et centraux non matérialisés.It will be noted that in FIG. 1, the dashed lines T indicating the closed position of the mobile magnetic circuit show that in this position, the dampers 35 are crushed but leave non-material lateral and central air gaps.

Comme précédemment mentionné, lorsque le circuit magnétique mobile 5 se trouve décentré, il se produit un collage magnétique du type de celui illustré sur la figure 2. Il en est de même lorsque le guidage du circuit magnétique mobile 5 présente un jeu important qui permet une mise en biais du circuit magnétique mobile 5 et, en conséquence, un défaut de parallélisme des entrefers 10, 11.As previously mentioned, when the mobile magnetic circuit 5 is off-center, a magnetic bonding of the type illustrated in FIG. 2 occurs. It is the same when the guide of the mobile magnetic circuit 5 has a large clearance which allows a biasing of the mobile magnetic circuit 5 and, consequently, a lack of parallelism of the air gaps 10, 11.

La figure 3 représente une bague d'amortissement des surtensions 50 conforme à l'invention qui permet d'éviter ce problème de collage.FIG. 3 represents an overvoltage damping ring 50 according to the invention which makes it possible to avoid this problem of sticking.

Cette bague comprend plus particulièrement un corps similaire à la bague utilisée sur la figure 1 et qui présente, en conséquence, une forme de section en U dont l'âme 51 comporte un évidement central 52 sensiblement rectangulaire, au travers duquel peut passer l'aile centrale 9 du circuit magnétique fixe 2. Toutefois, dans ce cas, l'âme 52 se trouve prolongée, à chacune de ses extrémités, par una patte 53, 54 présentant une première partie repliée à angle droit 55, 56 qui vient s'étendre contre la face intérieure d'une aile latérale 8 correspondante du circuit magnétique fixe 2, cette partie 55, 56 étant elle-même prolongée par une partie repliée obliquement 57, 58 qui vient recouvrir la face extérieure chanfreinée 26, 27 de l'extrémité de ladite aile latérale 8.This ring more particularly comprises a body similar to the ring used in FIG. 1 and which consequently has a U-shaped section, the core 51 of which has a substantially rectangular central recess 52, through which the wing can pass. central 9 of the fixed magnetic circuit 2. However, in this case, the core 52 is extended, at each of its ends, by a tab 53, 54 having a first part folded at right angles 55, 56 which comes to extend against the inner face of a corresponding lateral wing 8 of the fixed magnetic circuit 2, this part 55, 56 itself being extended by an obliquely folded part 57, 58 which covers the chamfered outer face 26, 27 of the end of said lateral wing 8.

Cette bague 50 est réalisée à partir d'un feuillard en une matière amagnétique présentant à la fois une haute conductibilité électrique et des propriétés antifriction, de sorte qu'outre sa fonction de limitation des surtensions, elle permet grâce aux parties obliques 57, 58 un guidage du circuit magnétique mobile 5 sans risque de collage et la matérialisation des entrefers 10 lors de la fermeture.This ring 50 is made from a strip of non-magnetic material having both a high electrical conductivity and anti-friction properties, so that in addition to its function of limiting overvoltages, it allows thanks to the oblique parts 57, 58 a guiding the mobile magnetic circuit 5 without risk of sticking and the materialization of the air gaps 10 during closing.

Dans cet exemple, l'antirémanence est assurée par les amortisseurs 35. Il est clair que si ces amortisseurs n'étaient pas utilisés, les parties obliques de la bague, sur lesquelles viendraient alors porter en butée fin de course de fermeture les extrémités chanfreinées 28, 29 des ailes latérales 6, 7 du circuit magnétique mobile 5, réaliseraient alors à elles seules la fonction d'antirémanence.In this example, the anti-persistence is provided by the shock absorbers 35. It is clear that if these shock absorbers were not used, the oblique parts of the ring, on which the chamfered ends would then come to abut the end of the closing stroke 28 , 29 of the lateral wings 6, 7 of the mobile magnetic circuit 5, would then alone carry out the anti-persistence function.

Bien entendu, l'invention ne se limite pas à la forme de l'électroaimant précédemment décrit, et la combinaison de la bague antisurtensions et du feuillard antirémanent peut s'appliquer à tout autre type d'électroaimant continu, et, en particulier, pour la réalisation de la bague de limitation de surtensions d'un relais à palette mobile tel que celui qui se trouve schématisé sur la figure 6.Of course, the invention is not limited to the shape of the electromagnet described above, and the combination of the surge suppressor ring and the antiremanent strip can be applied to any other type of continuous electromagnet, and, in particular, for the production of the overvoltage limitation ring of a movable vane relay such as that which is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 6.

Sur cette figure, le relais à palette se compose d'un électroaimant comprenant un noyau 60 autour duquel est montée une bobine 61 représentée schématiquement en trait interrompu. Ce noyau 60 comprend d'un côté, une tête plate circulaire 62 et est fixé à angle droit, de l'autre côté, sur l'une des ailes 63 d'une armature en forme de L. Sur la bordure supérieure 64 de l'autre aile 65, qui s'étend parallèlement à l'axe du noyau 60, est articulée une palette 66 qui vient s'étendre au-dessus de la tête 62 du noyau 60.In this figure, the paddle relay consists of an electromagnet comprising a core 60 around which is mounted a coil 61 shown schematically in broken lines. This core 60 comprises on one side a circular flat head 62 and is fixed at a right angle, on the other side, on one of the wings 63 of an L-shaped frame. On the upper edge 64 of the the other wing 65, which extends parallel to the axis of the core 60, is articulated a pallet 66 which comes to extend above the head 62 of the core 60.

En position de fermeture, la palette 66 qui se trouve attirée par ce noyau 60 dont la bobine 61 est alors excitée vient porter et se trouve maintenue sur la face plane 67 de la tête 62 qui sert de portée magnétique.In the closed position, the pallet 66 which is attracted by this core 60 whose coil 61 is then excited comes to bear and is held on the flat face 67 of the head 62 which serves as a magnetic bearing.

Dans ce cas, le dispositif amortisseur de surtensions, selon l'invention, consiste en une bague en forme de couronne 68 entourant le noyau 60 et maintenue sous la tête 62 au moyen de deux ailes 69, 70 rabattues sut la portée magnétique 67 qui servent d'entrefers antirémanents.In this case, the overvoltage damping device according to the invention consists of a ring in the shape of a crown 68 surrounding the core 60 and held under the head 62 by means of two wings 69, 70 folded over the magnetic surface 67 which serve anti-remanent air gaps.

Claims (8)

1. A voltage surge damping device for electromagnets or similar of the type comprising a fixed magnetic circuit (2) and a mobile magnetic circuit (5) cooperating with the fixed magnetic circuit (2) and forming therewith, in the «closed» position, at least one air gap (10, 11), characterized in that it comprises at least one short circuiting ring mounted on the fixed magnetic circuit so as to damp the voltage surges due to variations of the magnetic flux during operation of the electromagnet, said ring being formed by a good electrically conducting and amag- netic metal sheet and comprising at least one part shaped so as to extend into said air gap (10, 11).
2. The device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said metal sheet has antifriction properties.
3. The device as claimed in one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that, in the closed state of the electromagnet, said air gap (10, 11) is defined by damping means (35) disposed between the fixed magnetic circuit (2) and said mobile magnetic circuit (5).
4. The device as claimed in one of claims 1 and 2, wherein, in the closed state of the electromagnet, said air gap (10, 11) is defined and at least partly materialized by said part of said metal sheet.
5. The device as claimed in one of the preceding claims, in which the fixed magnetic circuit of the electromagnet has an E shape comprising a web (3), a central leg (9) and two side legs (8), the ends of said legs (8, 9) forming with said mobile magnetic circuit (5), in the closed position of this latter, a central air gap (11) and two lateral air gaps, (10), and in which said ring is formed from a metal sheet bent so as to have in cross section the form of a U whose web comprises a recess (52), said ring being disposed on the web (3) of the fixed magnetic circuit (2) which it envelops partially, the central leg (9) of said fixed magnetic circuit (2) passing through said recess (52), characterized in that the web (52) of said ring is extended, at each of its ends, by a lug (53, 54) each having a first part bent at right angles (55, 56), which extends against the inner face of a corresponding side leg (8) of the fixed magnetic circuit (2) and a second part extending the first one and bent so as to overlap at least partially the end of said leg so as to materialize the corresponding lateral air gap.
6. The device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the ends of the two side legs (8) of the magnetic circuit (2) each comprise a chamfered outer face (26, 27), and the two ends of the two side legs (6) of said mobile magnetic circuit (5) each comprise a chamfered innerface (28, 29), the outer chamfered faces (26, 27) of said fixed magnetic circuit (2) cooperating with the inner chamfered faces (28, 29) of said mobile magnetic circuit (5) so as to form two oblique lateral air gaps, and in that the second parts of the lugs (53, 54) of said ring are bent obliquely so as to overlap at least partially the outer chamfered faces (26, 27) of the respective ends of the side legs (8) of said fixed magnetic circuit.
7. The device as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the electromagnet comprises a core (60) about which the coil (61) is fitted and having a head (62) with a flat magnetic bearing surface (67), and a mobile plate which, in the energized position of the electromagnet is attracted against said magnetic bearing surface, characterized in that said voltage surge damping surface consists of a crown shaped ring (68) surrounding said core (60) and held in position under said head (62) by means of at least one leg (69, 70) bent back on said magnetic bearing surface (67) and serving as anti-remanent air gap.
8. An electromagnet comprising a fixed magnetic circuit (2) and a mobile magnetic circuit (5) cooperating with the fixed magnetic circuit (2) and forming therewith in the closed posizion, at least one air gap (10, 11), characterized in that it comprises at least one voltage surge damping device according to one of the preceding claims.
EP85401063A 1984-06-25 1985-05-30 Device for damping overvoltages in a solenoid, and solenoid equipped with such a device Expired EP0169748B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8409964A FR2566571B1 (en) 1984-06-25 1984-06-25 SURGE SUPPRESSOR DEVICE FOR ELECTROMAGNET AND ELECTROMAGNET EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A DEVICE
FR8409964 1984-06-25

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EP0169748A1 EP0169748A1 (en) 1986-01-29
EP0169748B1 true EP0169748B1 (en) 1987-11-19

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EP85401063A Expired EP0169748B1 (en) 1984-06-25 1985-05-30 Device for damping overvoltages in a solenoid, and solenoid equipped with such a device

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US (1) US4700165A (en)
EP (1) EP0169748B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0785448B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3561033D1 (en)
DK (1) DK159744C (en)
FR (1) FR2566571B1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
EP0169748A1 (en) 1986-01-29
DK159744C (en) 1991-04-29
DE3561033D1 (en) 1987-12-23
US4700165A (en) 1987-10-13
JPS6181609A (en) 1986-04-25
JPH0785448B2 (en) 1995-09-13
DK284685D0 (en) 1985-06-24
FR2566571B1 (en) 1986-09-26
DK284685A (en) 1985-12-26
DK159744B (en) 1990-11-26
FR2566571A1 (en) 1985-12-27

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